RINGKASAN
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PENILAIAN KINERJA PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL PADA KANTOR BADAN PERENCANAAN PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH DAN DINAS DI LINGKUP PERTANIAN KABUPATEN SAMPANG (Tinjauan berdasarkan Metode Analisis Fungsi Statistik) ABD. WAHID CHAIRULLAH Penilaian kinerja merupakan kegiatan mengukur/menilai untuk menetapkan seorang pegawai/karyawan sukses atau gagal dalam melaksanakan pekerjaannya dengan menggunakan standar pekerjaan sebagai tolok ukurnya. Penilaian kinerja di lingkungan pegawai negeri sipil (PNS) dikenal dengan sebutan penilaian pelaksanaan pekerjaan. Penilaian kinerja tersebut dilaksanakan menggunakan daftar penilaian pelaksanaan pekerjaan (DP3), dengan unsur-unsur yang terdapat di dalamnya, meliputi : kesetiaan, prestasi kerja, tanggung jawab, ketaatan, kejujuran, kerjasama, prakarsa dan kepemimpinan. Selama ini pelaksanaan penilaian kinerja di lingkungan pegawai negeri sipil (PNS) dilakukan dengan menjumlah nilai-nilai yang telah diberikan oleh atasan (selaku penilai). Cara penilaian yang demikian mempunyai kelemahan, karena nilai dari masing-masing unsur yang terdapat dalam DP3 dianggap sama bobotnya. Penyamarataan bobot nilai unsur-unsur tersebut tidak sesuai dengan kaidah-kaidah aritmatika. Jika dilihat dari ke 8 (delapan) aspek yang dinilai di dalam DP3 terdapat 1 (satu) variabel yang merupakan kategori variabel hasil (output) yaitu prestasi kerja, sedangkan lainnya merupakan variabel proses. Oleh karena itu metode penjumlahan tersebut perlu ditinjau kembali. Penelitian penilaian kinerja dengan menggunakan metode aritmatika ini menggunakan 4 (empat) pendekatan yaitu : (1) regresi linier berganda, (2) regresi polynomial (model kuadratik), (3) regresi logistik dan (4) regresi logaritma. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Kantor Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah (Bappeda) dan Dinas di lingkup Pertanian Kabupaten Sampang dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 115 (seratus lima belas) responden terdiri dari pegawai negeri sipil di lingkungan lembaga-lembaga tersebut, dan bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model penilaian kinerja pegawai negeri sipil (PNS) Pertimbangan dalam pengambilan keputusan tentang model mana yang lebih baik adalah dengan mencari nilai dari persamaan tersebut koefisien determinasi (R²) tertinggi, p (probabilitas) terkecil dan nilai F hitungnya. Apabila cara tersebut belum berhasil menentukan model mana yang lebih baik, maka digunakan pendekatan NFGDT (Nominal Focus Group Discussion Technique). Data penelitian ini diperoleh dari kuesioner yang disebar pada 115 responden dan diolah dengan bantuan perangkat lunak komputer program SPSS seri 10.01.
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Hasil pengolahan data yang dibantu dengan perangkat komputer program SPSS versi 10.01 dengan pendekatan (1) regresi linier berganda diperoleh : Koefisien determinasi (R²) = 0,737; p = 0,000; dan F hitung = 103.628 dengan model persamaan Y = 0,249X1 + 0,406X2 + 0,376X3; (2) regresi polynomial model kuadratik dengan nilai koefisien determinasi (R²) = 0,777, p = 0,000 dan F hitung = 46537,815 dan model persamaan Y = 342.688 + (-8.519X2 + 0.057X2² ) + (3.617X3 + -0.022X3² ); (3) regresi logistik : R² = 0,501; p = 0,000 dan Chi square (X²) = 79.848 dengan 1 persamaan Y = ; dan (4) regresi logaritma : R² = 0,732; − ( −136 , 284 + 0 , 651 X 1 + 0 ,839 X 2 ) 1+ e p = 0,000 dan F hitung = 69542.776 dengan persamaan : Y = -262,896 + 19,597LnX1 + 32,290LnX2 + 26,460LnX3. Dari hasil perhitungan tersebut , jika yang menjadi patokan metode yang paling sesuai berdasarkan nilai R², maka metode yang sesuai untuk penilaian kinerja adalah model regresi polinomial (kuadratik) dengan nilai R² tertinggi yaitu 0,777, p = 0,000 dan F hitung = 46537,815. Namun Jika dilihat dari nilai F hitung yang didapat, maka model regresi logaritma merupakan model yang lebih baik dengan nilai F hitung sebesar 69542.776, p = 0,000 dan R² = 0,732. Sehingga kita menjadi kesulitan untuk mencari mana model yang lebih baik diantara ke 4 (empat) model yang diuji. Berdasarkan pada kondisi di atas, maka untuk pengambilan keputusan mengenai model mana yang lebih baik, dilakukan pengujian melalui pendekatan NFGDT (Nominal Of Focus Group Discussion Technique) dengan mengumpulkan pendapat dari Pakar mengenai model mana yang lebih baik berdasarkan hasil penghitungan dengan melihat nilai koefisien variasi terendah dari masing-masing model sebagaimana yang tertera berikut ini :
N
Valid Missing
Mean Std. Deviation Variance Sum Coef. Of Variation
Regresi Linier 1
5 0 7.70 1.41 2.00 35 .183
Regresi Polynomial 5 0 9.20 .836 .70 46 .091
Regresi Logistik
5 0 4.40 1.14 1.30 22 .259
Regresi Logaritma 5 0 6.40 1.14 1.30 32 .178
Sehingga dari tabel tersebut diatas, dapat dikatakan bahwa model regresi yang lebih baik diantara ke 4 (empat) model tersebut adalah model regresi polynomial, karena memiliki nilai coefisien of variation terendah, hal itu berarti tingkat keragaman daripada pernyataannya adalah rendah, yang berarti tingkat kemufakatan musyawarah yang merupakan kesepakatan untuk menentukan model yang terbaik adalah tinggi.
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SUMMARY THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL OF MEASUREMENT FOR CIVIL GOVERNMENT OFFICER’S PERFORMANCE AT THE OFFICE OF DEVELOPMENT OF REGENCY PLANNING AND THE OFFICE OF AGRICULTURE IN THE AREA OF SAMPANG REGION (Based on Statistical Functional Analyses Method) ABD. WAHID CHAIRULLAH Performance measurement is an activity which is done to perceive a government officer’s failure or succeed in performing his tasks. This activity is usually done by a officeholder by using a certain working standard. To measure the officer’s performance in a government office, the officeholder usually uses a certain tool which is usually called Daftar Penilaian Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan (DP3). In the measurement tool, there are 8 elemens to be measured, those are officer’s loyalty, working performance, responsibility, obedience, honesty, cooperativeness, inisiative, and his leadership. At the moment, to measure civil government officer’s working performance, the officeholder has to give score to all of eight working performance elements. After that, all of the score has to be summed up altogether without giving priority to one of the elemens; he treats all of the aspects as the same thing. As a matter of fact, the 8 elements are not the same thing; there are 7 aspects which can be categorized as a process elements, those are loyalty, responsibility, obedience, honesty, cooperativeness, inisiative, and leadership, and there is one elements, that is working performance, that can be categorized into a result elements. Though contradict to arithmatic principle, that method of measurement is still used as the only way of measuring government officer’s performance until now. That is why, this study is aiming at reconsidering that old method, and trying to apply the new one which is more objective in summing up elements of civil government officer’s performance. The method of the study is quantitative in nature because this study of performance measurement conducted by way of arithmetic method. This investigation is carried out by using four approaches, i.e., (1) doubled linear regression, (2) polynomial regression quadratic model, (3) logistic regression, and (4) logarithmic regression. In order to acquire the best model of measurement, the researcher take three things into consideration, those are, the coefficient value of determination (R2), F counted, and the smallest p or the smallest value of probality which is obtained. If the result still uncertain, the NFGDT ( Nominal of Focus Group Discussion Technique) approach will be used to help the researcher to come to the best model. The subject of the study has been taken from two offices, those are, The Office of The Environment Planning Of Development Area (BAPPEDA), On Duty Agriculture Of Crop Food, On Duty Ranch, On duty Oceanic and Fishery and On duty Plantation and Forestry of Sampang Region. which involve 115 civil government officers as respondents. Before data gathering, it is decided to take 3 elements of DP3, i.e., obedience,cooperativeness, inisiative, and put them as independent variabels, and one element of DP3, i.e. working performance, and is put as dependent variable. With those criteria, data is gathered from 115 respondents of the two offices mentioned
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above using questionnaire instrument. The data is analyzed with SPSS computer program. The result of the data processing obtained with the four approach can be shown respectively: (1) with doubled linear regression found that coefficient of determinasion ( R²) = 0,737; p = 0,000; and F count = 103.628, and with model equation of Y = 0,249X1 + 0,406X2 + 0,376X3; with (2) polynomial regression square’s model come to the result that coefficient of determinasion ( R²) = 0,777, p = 0,000 and F count = 46537,815 with model equation of Y = 342.688 + (- 8.519X2 + 0.057X²2) + ( 3.617X3 + - 0.022X²3 ); with (3) logistics regression: R² = 0,501; p = 1 0,000 and Chi square (X²) = 79.848 with equation of Y = ; − ( −136 , 284 + 0 , 651 X 1 + 0 ,839 X 2 ) 1+ e with (4) logaritmic regression: R² = 0,732; p = 0,000 and F count = 69542.776; with equation : Y = - 262,896 + 19,597LnX1 + 32,290LnX2 + 26,460LnX3. From F count obtained by the computer processing above, it can be said that logaritmic regression with R² = 0,732; p = 0,000 and F count = 69542.776 is the best result. But, from the result it is difficult to decide which model of measurement is the best. That is why, NFGDT (nominal of Focus Group Discussion Technique) method has to be accounted for. By collecting expert judgement to the lowest value of coeffisient of variance, it is hoped that they can see which of the variance that can be used as the best civil government performance measurement (see tabel below).
N
Valid Missing
Mean Std. Deviation Variance Sum Coef. Of Variation
Linier 1 Regression 5 0 7.70 1.41 2.00 35 .183
Polynomial Regression 5 0 9.20 .836 .70 46 .091
Logistic Regression 5 0 4.40 1.14 1.30 22 .259
Logaritmic Regression 5 0 6.40 1.14 1.30 32 .178
The tabel above shown that polynomial regression is the best model among the four model, because this model can give to the lowest value of coeffisient of variance. It means that the variant of the statement is low, and it can be interpreted further that the agreement to choose the best model is high.
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ABSTRACT THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MODEL OF MEASUREMENT FOR CIVIL GOVERNMENT OFFICER’S PERFORMANCE AT THE OFFICE OF DEVELOPMENT OF REGENCY PLANNING AND THE OFFICE OF AGRICULTURE IN THE AREA OF SAMPANG REGION (Based on Statistical Functional Analyses Method) ABD. WAHID CHAIRULLAH Performance measurement is an activity which is done to perceive a government officer’s failure or succeed in performing his tasks. This activity is usually done by a officeholder by using a certain working standard. To measure the officer’s performance in a government office, the officeholder usually uses a certain tool which is usually called Daftar Penilaian Pelaksanaan Pekerjaan (DP3). In the measurement tool, there are 8 elemens to be measured, those are officer’s loyalty, working performance, responsibility, obedience, honesty, cooperativeness, inisiative, and his leadership. The method of the study is quantitative in nature; it is carried out by using four approaches, i.e., (1) doubled linear regression, (2) polynomial regression quadratic model, (3) logistic regression, and (4) logarithmic regression. In order to acquire the best model of measurement, the researcher take three things into consideration, those are, the coefficient value of determination (R2), F counted, and the smallest p or the smallest value of probality which is obtained. If the result is still uncertain, the NFGDT ( Nominal of Focus Group Discussion Technique) approach will be used to help the researcher to come to the final conclusion. The subject of the study are115 respondents from The Office of The Environment Planning Of Development Area ( Bappeda), On Duty Agriculture Of Crop Food, On Duty Ranch, On duty Oceanic and Fishery and On Duty Plantation and Forestry of Sampang Region. The data of the study, which is taken using a questionnaire instrument containing 3 elements of DP3, i.e., obedience, cooperativeness, inisiative, and put them as independent variabels, and working performance element as dependent variable, is analyzed with the help of SPSS 2000. The result of the study shown that the model of measuring the civil officer’s performance in a government office can be achieved by using the approach of polynomial regresion square’s model with value of R² = 0.777 and F count = 46537.815 and p = 0.000 with equation of the following regression Y = 342.688 + (-8.519X2 + 0.057X2² ) + (3.617X3 + -0.022X3² ). But when we compare the result with the F count of logaritmic regression: R = 0,732; p = 0,000 and F count = 69542.776; with equation : Y = - 262,896 + 19,597LnX1 + 32,290LnX2 + 26,460LnX3, it can be said that the F count of the latest is better. From this reality, expert judgement said that logaritmic regression with R² = 0,732; p = 0,000 and F count = 69542.776 is better. As the final conclusion, the study advise to use the approach of polynomial regresion square’s model as the means of measuring the civil government officer’s performance.
Keywords : development of model, assessment of performance of PNS, analyses function of statistics.
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