Reviews of Geospatial Information Standardization for Indonesia National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) Suprajaka1, A. Ari Dartoyo1, Anindita Diah Kusumawardhani1, Mira Harimurti1, Rizky Kurniawan1 1
Geospatial Information Agency (BIG), JL. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong, Bogor,
Abstract: Geospatial information play important role in decision making. Many national, regional, and international programs and projects are working to improve access to available spatial data known as National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI). Legal framework of establishments of Indonesian National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) is based on the Presidential Decree number 27/2014. Indonesian NSDI consists of central Geospatial Information network and regional Geospatial Information network. As one of 5 pillars of NSDI, sstandard allow NSDI to function and ensures compatibility as common rules to share geospatial data in heterogeneous environment. This study aims to review a current condition of Indonesian NSDI and the availability of geospatial information standard to support Indonesian NSDI. 80 established geospatial information standard are devided into three classification as base standards, geospatial data and services to know it’s role to support Indonesian NSDI. 22 SNI are available as a guidelines for base standard to support Indonesia NSDI. 38 SNI are available as a guidelines for geospatial data to support Indonesia NSDI and 8 SNI are available as a guideline for services. Therefore, implementation statuses of those standard documents still need a further study. Key words: NSDI, standardization, geospatial standard Introduction Geospatial information play important role in decision making. About 80% of daily decisions on national or local level either in economy, finances/ taxation, demography, spatial planning, environment, hazard areas, infrastructure, housing, cultural heritage, etc. are spatially or georeferenced[1]. However, information is an expensive resource, and for this reason appropriate information and the resources to fully utilize this information may not always be readily available. Many national, regional, and international programs and projects are working to improve access to available spatial data, promote its reuse, and ensure that additional investment in spatial information collection and management results in an evergrowing, readily available and useable pool of spatial information. This is true of many initiatives even if they are not actually labeled as “SDI initiatives” [2]. The National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) is a means to assemble geographic data nationwide to serve a variety of users. NSDI is a spatial data management system wich contain institutional, basic spatial data along with it’s standard and guidance, legal system and human resource to collect, process, store, distribute and encreasing the use of spatial data. NSDI consist of 5 pillars: institutional, legal system, framework data, human resources and technology. The goals of NSDI are to to reduce duplication of effort among agencies, improve quality and reduce cost related to data and information, to make data more accessible to the public, and to increase the benefits of using available data. Legal framework of establishments of Indonesian National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) is based on the Presidential Decree number 27/2014. Indonesian NSDI consists of
central Geospatial Information network and regional Geospatial Information network. The central Geospatial Information network composed by National High Institution, Government Office, Indonesian National Armed Forces, and Indonesia National Police whereas regional government act as regional Geospatial Information network. Those institutions officiate as NSDI network node. NSDI means to facilitate access to the spatial data and services through the use of practice, protocols and standard specifications without the need for a database or services in a single location, it is an access mechanism in a decentralized manner, the maintenance of the data occurs in each provider, through a single “front door”: the geoportal [3].As one of NSDI fundamental pillars, standardization takes an important role. Standard allow NSDI to function and ensures compatibility as common rules to share geospatial data in heterogeneous environment. Presidential Decree number 27 year 2014 state that provision of geospatial information by networks node must refer to Indonesia National Standard (SNI) or other technical specification. This study aims to review a current condition of Indonesian NSDI and the availability of geospatial information standard to support Indonesian NSDI. Current Status on Indonesian NSDI Based on the presidential decree number 27/2014 every ministries, agencies and local governments act as network node in Indonesian SDI (National Geospatial Information Network). Up to 2015, 54 network nodes that consist of 23 Ministries/agencies, 18 Provinces and 13 Regencies have been connected to Ina-Geoportal as Indonesian official geoportal. These nodes are participating in geospatial information sharing. All ministries, agencies, and local governments can explore and use the information together for their daily decision making purposes through Ina-Geoportal. To achieve the purposes of data sharing, Indonesia has set 17 data custodians (ministries) for 85 thematic geospatial information on 1:50.000 scale based on one base map that is made by BIG. This regulation is stated in presidential decree No 9/2016 on Accelerated the Implementation of One Map Policy on 1:50.000 scale geospatial information. As the nodes coordinator, BIG develops National Geospatial Information Network National Geospatial Information Network. A powerful data center has been established for supporting geospatial information exchange implementation. Table 1 lists items and its current status of technology aspect provided by BIG. Table 1 - items and its current status of technology aspect provide by BIG No Item Current status/condition 1. Data storage 2.300 TB 2. Servers 300 servers, located in ministries/agency and local government. 3. Cloud computing has been implemented in 4 local government (Jatim, Sampang, Kulon Progo and Pasaman Barat) 4. Bandwidth International: 300 Mbps Domestic: 1000 Mbps 5. WAN (Wide Area Network) VPN 10 Mbps: BPS, BPN, PU, Kem Hut, KKP, KLH, Kem ESDM, Pemprov DKI and Jabar VPN 40 Mbps: LAPAN 6. Network Operation Center (NOC) Operational 7. Geospatial Support Command Operational Center (GSCC) 8. Disaster Recovery Center (DRC) Active. Located in Batam 9. Software DEM Processing, GCP and High Resolution Image
Processing software active: http://tanahair.indonesia.go.id.
10. Geoportal Source: BIG[4]
In National Geospatial Information Network daily management, BIG implemented some of national standard (SNI), such as SNI ISO 19157 on data quality, SNI ISO 19115 on metadata, SNI ISO 19110 on feature cataloguing and other SNIs supported data quality management and assessment. Although BIG data center is sufficient for Indonesia current condition, Indonesia going to need a more powerful data center when all network nodes are connected and actively exchange their data together. Even today, not all of the 54 network nodes are active due to many reasons. Problems that commonly occur in network nodes include bad internet connection, low budget support from institution, hardware problem and competency of their human resources. BIG endorse both ministries/agencies and local governments to actively participate in National Geospatial Information Network by support them with hardware, software, and training for capacity building. BIG also support them to prepare all factors that are needed in NSDI such as human resources, technology, management policy, standard and legal system. Table 2 lists network nodes that had been endorsed by BIG. Table 2 – Endorsement by BIG in Network Nodes Establishment No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
Province Aceh Sumatera Utara Sumatera Barat Bengkulu Riau Kepulauan Riau Jambi Sumatera Selatan Lampung DKI Jakarta Jawa Barat Banten Jawa Tengah D.I. Yogyakarta Jawa Timur Kalimantan Barat Kalimantan Tengah Kalimantan Selatan Kalimantan Timur Bali Nusa Tenggara Barat Nusa Tenggara Timur Sulawesi Barat
Endorsement /Grant/Loan Pendmapingan 2016 New Inisiatif Pendampingan 2015 New Inisiatif APBNP New Inisiatif JICA dan New Inisiatif JICA New Inisiatif APBNP 2011
Training Endorsement Legal
Web Map GIS Service v v v v v v v v v
v v v v v v v v v
v v v v v v v v v
v v -
Pendampingan 2015 APBNP 2011 APBNP 2011
v v v v v v v v v v v
v v v v v v v v v v v
v v v -
v v v v v v v
v v v v v v v v
Pendampingan 2015
v
v
v
v
-
-
v v
v v
-
-
-
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
Sulawesi Utara Sulawesi Tengah Sulawesi Selatan Sulawesi Tenggara Gorontalo Maluku Maluku Utara Papua Papua Barat Kepulauan Bangka Belitung Kalimantan Utara
APBNP 2011 Pendampingan 2016 Pendampingan 2016 APBNP 2011
v v v v v v v v v
v v v v v v v v v
v v
v v v
v v v
-
2016
2016
-
-
-
Source: BIG[5] Not only the endorsement, BIG also evaluate all network nodes that has been endorsed. BIG holds Bhumandala award every year to give reward for the best network node in some category. Therefore, comprehensive evaluation of Indonesian NSDI has not been conducted by BIG and leaves a question whether the NSDI meets Indonesian needs. NSDI Challenge and Opportunities in Indonesia There are many challenges to be faced about Indonesian NSDI. First, Indonesia has many national standars for geospatial information, but it doesn’t implemented optimally. That condition caused lack of concern by geospatial information stakeholders. Second, skilled human resources for this field are limited. Until 2015, there are only about 8,500 people understand about geospatial information, and about 10% were certified. There are many causes like lack of understanding about the importance of geospatial information and lack of facilities that support the implementation of geospatial information. Third, the technology in Indonesia is uneven. Some regions in Indonesia still considers the technology as an expensive things. Because of that challenges, Indonesia has many homeworks to upgrade the condition of its NSDI. First, review the outdated standards and implementation of existing standards. But the most important thing is to know how many standard needed to support Indonesian NSDI. Second, strengthening education, policy, national standard for competency and cooperation with companies in geospatial information field. Third, Indonesia should conduct dissemination and socialization related to NSDI for increasing the people awareness. Beside that challenges, there are also opportunities in Indonesian NSDI. Indonesia established a new working group that called Kelompok Kerja Penilaian Kesesuaian (Working Group for Conformity Assessment) whose in charge to conduct accreditation for conformity assessment institutions, geospatial information products, instrumentations, and courses institutions. Standardization of Geospatial Information in Indonesian NSDI A standard is a document that provides requirements, specifications, guidelines or characteristics that can be used consistently to ensure that materials, products, processes and services are fit for their purpose[6]. Standardization is a set of activities and procedures to develop consensus standards. Geospatial standard is a key component of SDI[7]. Geospatial standard make it easier to access, discover, fuse and apply of sharing geospatial information and services. For that aims, providing geospatial standard and receiving uses implementation is the most important part.
Standards for NSDI can be divided into standardization of framework data, standardization of coding system, standardization for reference system, standardization of classification, etc. Some of international standards for NSDI are provided by ISO/TC211, Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), and Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) provided by U.S Geological Survey. This study will focus only in Indonesia National Standard (SNI) both original and adaptation form international standards. Until 2016 Indonesia Geospatial Information Agency along with National Standardization Agency has provide 80 Geospatial National Standard. To evaluate geospatial information standard, each document are divided into classification based on its function on NSDI. Three classifications have been prepared based on NSDI framework: base standards, geospatial data and services. Base standard consist of standardization for reference models, terminologies, qualities, and guideline. Geospatial data consist of standardization for geospatial database, metadata, imagery, framework data, and application data. Services consist of standardization for encoding, services, portrayal, service framework, and access. Table 2 – Classification of Geospatial Information Standard of NSDI Classification SNI Number SNI Name Reference Models SNI ISO 19101:2011 Informasi geografis - Model referensi Informasi geografis - Pereferensian SNI ISO 19111:2011 spasial dengan koordinat Informasi geografis - Pereferensian SNI ISO 19112:2011 spasial dengan identifikasi geografis SNI ISO/TS Informasi geografis - Kode dan 19127:2015 parameter geodetik SNI ISO/TS 19101Informasi geografis - Model referensi 2:2016 - Bagian 2: Citra Informasi geografis - Pereferensian SNI ISO 19148:2016 linier SNI ISO/TS Informasi geografis - Bahasa skema Terminologies 19103:2011 konseptual SNI ISO/TS Base 19104:2011 Informasi geografis - Terminologi Standards Qualities SNI ISO 19113:2011 Informasi geografis - Prinsip kualitas Informasi geografis - Prosedur SNI ISO 19114:2011 evaluasi kualitas SNI ISO/TS Informasi geografis – Jaminan 19158:2015 kualitas penyediaan data SNI ISO 19157:2015 Informasi geografis - Kualitas data Informasi geografis – Spesifikasi SNI ISO 19131:2014 produk data SNI ISO/TS Informasi Geografis – Ukuran 19138:2014 kualitas data SNI 8202:2015 Ketelitian Peta Dasar Guidelines Pertukaran data lintang, bujur, dan (Procedures) SNI 7336:2008 tinggi lokasi geografis SNI 7802:2013 Prosedur pemotretan udara analog SNI 7803:2013 Prosedur pengumpulan nama rupa
SNI 7964:2014 SNI 7965:2014 SNI ISO 19156:2015
SNI ISO 19153:2016
Geospatial DB
SNI 7644:2010 SNI ISO 19110:2015 SNI ISO 191441:2015
Metadata
Geospatial Data Imagery
SNI ISO 191442:2015 SNI 7335:2008 SNI ISO 19115:2012 SNI ISO 191152:2012 SNI ISO/TS 19139:2012 SNI ISO/TR 19121:2015 SNI ISO/TS 19130:2016
SNI ISO/TS 191302:2016
Framework Data
SNI ISO/TS 191591:2016 SNI 19-6724-2002 SNI 19-6988-2004 SNI 19-7149-2005 SNI 7646:2010
bumi Prosedur pembangunan Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) Prosedur pemotretan udara digital Informasi geografis - Pengamatan dan pengukuran Informasi geografis - Model acuan Digital Rights Management untuk informasi geospasial (GeoDRM) Basis data spasial oseanografi: Suhu, salinitas, oksigen terlarut, derajat keasaman, turbiditas dan kecerahan Informasi geografis - Metodologi penyusunan katalog unsur geografis Informasi geografis - Sistem klasifikasi - Bagian 1: Struktur sistem klasifikasi Informasi geografis – Sistem klasifikasi – Bagian 2: Meta language penutup lahan/ Land Cover Meta Language (LCML) Metadata spasial Informasi geografis - Metadata Informasi geografis - Metadata – Bagian 2: Ekstensi untuk citra dan gridded data Informasi geografis - Metadata Implementasi skema XML Informasi geografis - Citra dan data grid Informasi geografis - Model sensor citra untuk penentuan posisi geografis Informasi geografis - Model sensor citra untuk penentuan posisi geografis - Bagian 2: SAR, InSAR, lidar, dan sonar Informasi geografis - Kalibrasi dan validasi sensor dan data citra penginderaan jauh - Bagian 1: Sensor optik Jaring kontrol horizontal Jaring kontrol vertikal dengan metode sipatdatar Jaring kontrol gayaberat Survei hidrografi menggunakan singlebeam echosounder
SNI 7716:2011 SNI 7717:2011
SNI 7925-2013 SNI 7988:2014
SNI 6728.4:2015 SNI 8196:2015 SNI 8197:2015
SNI 8200:2015
SNI 6728.1:2015
SNI 6728.2:2015
SNI 6728.3:2015 Application Data
SNI ISO 19128:2012 SNI ISO 19136:2016 SNI ISO 19123:2016 SNI ISO 19145:2016 SNI ISO 191251:2016
SNI ISO 19149:2016
SNI ISO 19152:2016
SNI ISO 19155:2016
Pemetaan habitat perairan laut dangkal - Bagian 1: Pemetaan terumbu karang dan padang lamun Survei dan pemetaan mangrove Pemetaan lahan gambut skala 1:50.000 berbasis citra penginderaan jauh Survei batimetri menggunakan multibeam echosounder Penyusunan neraca spasial sumber daya alam - Bagian 4: Sumber daya dan cadangan mineral dan batubara Spesifikasi penyajian peta curah hujan Metode pemetaan rawan banjir skala 1:50.000 dan 1:25.000 Prosedur penentuan batas daerah aliran sungai (DAS) untuk peta skala 1:250.000 Penyusunan neraca spasial sumber daya alam – Bagian 1: Sumber daya air Penyusunan neraca spasial sumber daya alam – Bagian 2: Sumber daya hutan Penyusunan neraca sumber daya alam spasial - Bagian 3: Sumber daya lahan Informasi geografis - Antarmuka web map server Informasi geografis – Geography Markup Language (GML) Informasi geografis - Skema untuk geometri dan fungsi coverage Informasi geografis - Register representasi lokasi titik geografis Informasi geografis - Akses fitur sederhana - Bagian 1: Arsitektur umum Informasi geografis - Rights expression language untuk informasi geografis - GeoREL Informasi geografis - Model Domain Administrasi Pertanahan (Land Administration Domain Model/LADM) Informasi geografis - Arsitektur pengidentifikasi tempat (Place Identifier/PI)
SNI ISO/TS 191501:2016 SNI ISO 19118:2016 SNI ISO 19119:2014
Encoding Services
Informasi geografis - Ontologi Bagian 1: Kerangka kerja Informasi geografis - Encoding Informasi Geografis – Layanan Informasi geografis – Layanan fitur berbasis web Informasi geografis - Layanan penentuan posisi Informasi geografis - Portrayal Informasi Geografis – Layanan Berbasis Lokasi – Penjejakan dan navigasi Informasi geografis - Layanan berbasis lokasi - Model acuan Informasi geografis – Akses fitur sederhana – Bagian 2: Pilihan SQL
SNI ISO 19142:2014
Services
Portrayal
SNI ISO 19116:2015 SNI ISO 19117:2016
Service Framework
SNI ISO 19133:2014
Access
SNI ISO 19132:2016 SNI ISO 191252:2015
Source: BIG 66 of 80 standard documents fit for its classification. 22 SNI are available as guidelines for base standard to support Indonesia NSDI. 38 SNI are available as guidelines for geospatial data to support Indonesia NSDI and 8 SNI are available as a guideline for services. 65% of the standard documents are adopted form ISO. 6 ISO has been identically adopted as reference models standard including Spatial referencing by coordinates and Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers. 7 standard documents have been arranged for data qualities including base map accuracy. 4 ISO has been adopted as metadata standard, and already implemented as Indonesian Metadata Country Profile. Among established standard, only one document that manage access services for NSDI.
Distribution of Indonesian Standard on Geospatial Information 15 7
6 2
9
7 4
4
4 1
3
1
2
1
Figure1. Distribution of SNI for NSDI Numbers of the standard document have already enough to support NSDI. Distribution of standard document fits each classification. Therefore, implementation statuses of those standard documents still need a further study.
Conclusion Indonesian NSDI aims to facilitate data sharing among the geospatial information stakeholders. 34 network nodes have been connected through INA-Geoportal. Indonesian NSDI faced several challenge such as implementation of standard, lack of skilled human resources and poor technology in some regions. Although number of standard already enough to support NSDI, further study concerning implementation of each standard is still needed. Reference [1] International Federation of Surveyors. The Contribution of the Surveying Profession to Disaster Risk Management. 2006. [2] NSDI Cookbook. Available on line http://gsdiassociation.org/images/publications/cookbooks/SDI_Cookbook_from_Wiki_2009. pdf [3] Purwonegoro, B; Wijanarto, A.B; Syafii, A. Cloud Computing Concept for Indonesia Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) as Spatial Data Sharing and Accelerating Economic Growth of Indonesia; FIG Working Week. 2015. [4] Badan Informasi Geopsasial. Laporan Rapat Koordinasi Nasional Informasi Geospasial. 2015. [5] Badan Informasi Geopsasial. Laporan Tahunan Kegiatan Simpul Jaringan. 2015. [6] Kang, H.K. Geospatial Standard on SDI. In Geospatial Information and Policy Training: Korean Research on Human Settlement. 2014.
