KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
PENGANTAR/ PREFACE Salah satu prioritas pembangunan yang ditetapkan Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Kalimantan Timur dalam mencapai Visi Daerah sebagai pusat perdagangan dan jasa yang terkemuka di Indonesia Timur dan Asia Pasifik adalah pembangunan pertanian dalam arti luas. Kalimantan Timur dengan
kekayaan
sumberdaya
dan
agroekologinya
menyimpan potensi pengembangan komoditi pertanian seperti padi / beras sebagai makanan pokok bangsa Indonesia. Dalam upaya untuk mendorong dunia usaha menanamkan diberikan
investasinya
informasi
pengembangan
Padi
yang
di Kalimantan Timur, jelas
di Kalimantan
tentang
perlu
prospektif
Timur.
Untuk
memperoleh gambaran yang komprehensif mengenai profil investasi kawasan Budidaya berbasis padi, Badan Perijinan dan Penanaman Modal Daerah (BPPMD) Kalimantan Timur bekerjasama dengan CV.HUTAMA PRIMA melakukan Studi Pra FS Profil Proyek Komoditi Unggulan Kaltim dengan judul: Kawasan Budidaya Pertanian Berbasis Padi. Kami berharap semoga buku ini dapat memberikan manfaat bagi dunia usaha dan pemerintah sebagai dasar dalam mengambil kebijakan
pengembangan
kawasan
budidaya pertanian berbasis padi di Kalimantan Timur. Akhirnya, kepada Direktur CV.HUTAMA PRIMA dan Tim Studinya kami sampaikan penghargaan dan ucapan terima kasih atas usaha dan sumbangan pemikiran yang diberikan. Ucapan yang sama juga ditujukan kepada Walikota/Bupati beserta jajarannya di daerah studi dan semua pihak yang telah memberikan kontribusinya sejak awal hingga tersusunnya laporan.
One of the development priorities specified by the Government of East Kalimantan Province is to reach the vision as a notable center of commerce and service area in the Eastern Indonesia and Asia Pacific. East Kalimantan with its natural resources and agroecology has potential commodities to be developed, like rice as primary food for Indonesian community. In the effort to encourage corporations to invest, it is important to give clear information concerning prospective development of attractive prospect of rice in East Kalimantan. To get comprehensive information concerning investment profile of rice based agricultural estate, The Regional Invesment and Permittence Board of East Kalimantan Province in collaboration with CV.HUTAMA PRIMA has conducted a compilation study for Pra FS Project of local investments with the title of “Rice Based agriculturel Estate. We do hope that this book can give benefits for any interested corporations, as well as for the government as a consideration that should be taken in making a policy to develop rice based agricultural estate in East Kalimantan. Finally, to Director of CV.HUTAMA PRIMA and teams, we express our appreciation and gratitude for the efforts and contribution of ideas given. The same appreciation and gratitude are also addressed to the Mayors/Heads of Regency and their staffs in study areas and all of parties that have given contributions from the beginning till the accomplishment of this report. Thanks
Terima Kasih.
Samarinda, 24 October 2009 The Regional Investment and Permittance Board of East KalimantanProvince Head
H. Nusyirwan Ismail
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KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
DAFTAR ISI TABLE OF CONTENTS
BAB I CHAPTER I
BAB II CHAPTER II
BAB III CHAPTER III
BAB IV CHAPTER IV
BAB V CHAPTER V
PENDAHULUAN INTRODUCTION 1.1 Latar belakang ………………………….................................. Background 1.2 Maksud dan Tujuan ……………………………………………. Aims 1.3 Kegunaan .............………………………………….................... Purpose and Advantages
1 2 2
SITUASI PEMASARAN MARKET CONDITIONS 2.1 Pasar Dunia dan Pasar Domestik .................................... Word and Domestic Market 2.2 Pohon Industri Padi/ Beras ................................................ Rice/Paddy Industrial Structure
3 6
TEKNIS PRODUKSI DAN POTENSI DAERAH TECHNICAL AND LOCAL POTENTIAL 3.1 Potensi Lokasi dan Produksi ..……………………………... Location and Production Potential 3.2 Teknis Produksi ....……………………………….................... Production Technique
8 17
KEBIJAKAN DAN INFRASTRUKTUR PENDUKUNG POLICY AND SUPPORTING INFRASTRUCTURES 4.1 Sarana dan Prasarana ..……………..…………..................... Infrastructures 4.2 Legalitas .................................................................................. Legal/ Authorization 4.3 Aspek Sosial Ekonomi dan Lingkungan .......................... Social Economics and Enviromental Aspects
25 28 31
ANALISIS FINANSIAL FINANSIAL ANALYSIS 5.1 Asumsi …………………………………….…………................... Assumption 5.2 Kebutuhan Biaya Investasi ………………………................. Cost of Investment
BAB VI
PENUTUP …………………………………………………….....................
CHAPTER VI
CONCLUSION
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ……………………………………………………………...................
33 35
44
45
REFERENCES
LAMPIRAN ……………………..…………………………………………….........................
46
APPENDIXES
iii
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
DAFTAR TABEL LIST OF TABLE
Tabel 1
Jumlah kecamatan dan desa serta luas wilayah menurut Kabupaten/Kota Tahun2008 ..................................................................................................
9
Table 1
Summary of sub-districts, villages and administrative area in each district/city in East Kalimantan based on 2008 data
Tabel 2
Rata-rata suhu udara, kelembaban, tekanan udara, kecepatan angin, curah hujan dan penyinaran matahari menurut stasiun .............................. 11
Table 2
Average of temperatures, relative humidity, vapor pressures, wind speeds, rainfall rates, and adsorbed sun lights based on several locations of meteorogical station
Tabel 3
Perkembangan Luas Areal Penanaman Padi di Kalimantan Timur menurut Kabupaten/Kota Selama Periode 2001-2008 ................................ 11
Table 3
Development of cultivation area of rice in East Kalimantan, breaking down to districts and cities in periods of 2001-2008
Tabel 4
Perkembangan Luas Tanam Padi Sawah di Kalimantan Timur Selama Periode 2001-2008 (ha) ............................................................................... 12
Table 4
Development of cultivation area of irrigated rice field in East Kalimantan, years of 2001-2008 (ha)
Tabel 5
Perkembangan Luas Tanam Padi Ladang di Kalimantan Timur selama periode 2001-2008 (ha) ............................................................................... 13
Table 5
Development of cultivation area of non-irrigated rice field in East Kalimantan Year of 2001-2008 (Ha)
Tabel 6
Perkembangan produksi padi di Kalimantan Timur menurut Kabupaten/Kota Selama Periode 2001-2008 (ton) ...................................
Table 6
Development of production of rice field in East Kalimantan, divided by city/district Year of 2001-2008 (Ton)
Tabel 7
Perkembangan Produksi Padi Sawah di Kalimantan Timur Selama Periode 2001-2008 (ton) ..............................................................................
Table 7
Development of production of irrigated rice field in East Kalimantan Year of 20012008 (ton)
Tabel 8
Perkembangan Produksi Padi Ladang di Kalimantan Timur Selama Periode 2001-2008 (ton) ................................................................
Table 8
Development of production of non-irrigated rice field in East Kalimantan Year of 2001-2008 (Ton)
Tabel 9
Perkembangan produktivitas Padi di Kalimantan Timur menurut Kabupaten/Kota Selama Periode 2001-2008 (kw/ha) .................................
Table 9
Development of productivity of rice field in East Kalimantan Year of 2001-2008
Tabel 10
Perkembangan Produktivitas Padi Sawah di Kalimantan Timur Selama 16 Periode 2001-2008 (Kw/ha) ..........................................................
Table 10
Development of productivity of irrigated rice field in East Kalimantan Year of 2001-2008 (Kw/ha)
13
14
14
15
iv
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
Tabel 11
Perkembangan Produtivitas Padi Ladang di Kalimantan Timur Selama Periode 2001-2008 (Kw/ha) ......................................................................... 16
Table 11
Development of productivity of non-irrigated rice field in East Kalimantan Year of 2001-2008 (Kw/ha)
Tabel 12
Kriteria kesesuaian lahan untuk padi sawah ...........................................
Table 12
Criteria of soil finess for paddy cultivation
Tabel 13
Produksi, biaya produksi, penjualan, dan perhitungan rugi-laba dari usaha kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi berdasarkan tahun proyek (per ha) ............................................................................................ 33
Table 13
Production, production cost, selling capacity and cost-benefit ratio for rice cultivation based on age of plantation per hectare
Tabel 14
Biaya investasi budidaya pertanian berbasis padi dalam kawasan 5000 ha..................................................................................................................
Table 14
Investment of rice-based agricultural estate (5000 ha)
Tabel 15
Hasil Analisis Finansial Proyek Usaha Kawasan Budidaya Pertanian Berbasis Padi ..............................................................................................
Table 15
Analysis of financial feasibility
Tabel 16
Analisis sensitivitas dari kelayakan usaha kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi………………………………………………………………….
18
35
36
38
Table 16
Sensitivity analysis of rice-based agricultural estate feasibility
Tabel 17
Rekapitulasi biaya investasi pembangunan industri pengolahan padi (Rice Processing Unit)…………………………………………………………………. 39
Table 17
Recapitulation of establishment of Rice Processing Unit
Tabel 18
Hasil Analisis Finansial Proyek Industri Pengolahan………………………..
Table 18
Financial analysis for Rice Processing Unit
Tabel 19
Analisis sensitivitas dari kelayakan usaha industri pengolahan padi 41 (RPU)……………………………………………………………………………
Table 19
Sensitivity analysis for rice processing unit operations (RPU)
Tabel 20
Hasil Analisis Finansial Proyek………………………………………………
Table 20
Project feasibility analysis
Tabel 21
Analisis sensitivitas dari kelayakan usaha kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi yang terintegrasi dengan industri pengolahan……………….
Table 21
39
42
43
The sensitivity analysis of business feasibility of agricultural cultivation area integrated with rice-based processing industries
v
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
DAFTAR GAMBAR LIST OF FIGURE
Gambar 1
Konsumsi Beras Dunia ...................................................................
Figure
World rice consumption
1
Gambar 2
Produksi Beras Dunia (000 metrik ton) ................................................
Figure
World rice production (thousands metric ton)
2
Gambar 3
Produksi Beras Berdasarkan Negara ..................................................
Figure
Rice producing countries (percentage to world production)
3
Gambar 4
Produksi Negara Penghasil Beras (metrik ton per ha) ......................
Figure
Productivity in rice producing countries (metric ton per ha)
4
Gambar 5
Produksi dan Konsumsi Beras Indonesia (juta metrik ton) ..............
Figure
Rice production and consumption (thousands metric ton)
5
Gambar 6
Impor Beras Indonesia (000 metrik ton) ..........................................
Figure
Rice Import in Indonesia (thousands metric ton)
6
Gambar 7
Impor Beras Menurut Negara Asal ..................................................
Figure
Rice Imports based on Countries of Origin
7
Gambar 8 Figure
8
Presentase Pengeluaran Rata-Rata per Kapita Sebulan Berdasarkan Kelompok Barang dan Golongan (2007) ....................
Alternatif dan Peluang Industri Beras .............................................
Figure
Industrial tree and alternatives to rice products
Gambar 10
Peta Kalimantan Timur ..........................................................................
Figure
East Kalimantan Map
10
Gambar 11
Tahapan Utama Proses Pengolahan Beras ........................................
Figure
Major stages in rice processing
11
Gambar 12
Alur Proses Pengolahan Padi Menggunakan P3M ...........................
Figure
Chart of P3M Rice Processing Processes
12
3
4
4
5
5
6
6
Percentage of Individual Average Expenditure per month based on commodities and needs (2007)
Gambar 9 9
3
6
8
23
24
vi
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN APPENDIXES
47
Lampiran 1
Diagram alir proses perizinan.........................................................
Appendix 1
Investment registration diagram
Lampiran 2 Appendix 2
Cash Flow Usahatani Padi per ha..................................................
Lampiran 3
Analisis Finansial Usaha Kawasan Budidaya Pertanian Berbasis Padi................................................................................................. 51
Appendix 3
Financial analysis of Rice-based Agricultural Cultivation
Lampiran 4 Appendix 4
Cash Flow Industri Pengolahan Padi.........................................
Lampiran 5
Analisis Finansial Industri Pengolahan Padi......................................
Appendix 5
Financial Analysis for Rice Processing Unit
Lampiran 6
Cash Flow Usaha Kawasan Pertanian Berbasis Padi Terintegrasi dengan Industri Pengolahan..............................................................
49
Cash Flow of Paddy Agriculture per Hectare
53
Cash Flow of Rice Processing Unit
Appendix 6
Cash Flow for Rice-based agricultural estate integrated with Industrial processing
Lampiran 7
Analisis Finansial Usaha Kawasan Pertanian Berbasis Padi Terintegrasi dengan Industri Pengolahan ..........................................
55
57
59
Appendix 7
Financial Analysis for Rice-based agricultural estate integrated with Industrial processing
Lampiran 8
Lahan Potensi Kawasan di Provinsi Kalimantan 61 Timur.....................................................................................................
Appendix 8
Potential land area in the Province East Kalimantan
Lampiran 9
Peta Kesesuaian Lahan Padi Sawah Provinsi Kalimantan Timur.......................................................................................................
Appendix 9
62
Land suitable map of rice field East Kalimantan Province
vii
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
BAB I - CHAPTER I PENDAHULUAN INTRODUCTION 1.1. Latar Belakang Industri pangan berbasis beras merupakan industri kunci dalam pembangunan, khususnya dipedesaan. Jika suatu industri dikaitkan kedepan dan kebelakang, dalam hal menyerap tenaga kerja yang begitu besar, maka sektor pertanian adalah merupakan bagian dari sektor riil yang memiliki peranan penting dalam menciptakan lapangan kerja, terutama di pedesaan. Secara ekonomis, pertanian merupakan salah satu sektor yang paling tahan dan elastis terhadap fluktuasi ekonomi internasional. Bersamasama dengan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM), sektor pertanian merupakan bagian integral dari kedaulatan Indonesia pasca krisis ekonomi tahun 1997. Disaat investasi, manufaktur dan indikator moneter kolaps, sektor pertanian tetap elastis karena kebutuhan dan aksesibilitasnya yang relatif mudah menjadi pokok utama ekonomi rakyat. Dengan jumlah penduduk yang secara informal lebih dari 38 juta bermata pencaharian petani (petani gurem dan buruh tani), maka sektor pertanian menjadi ruang ekonomi bagi lapangan kerja padat karya di pedesaan dan secara konstan menyumbang kepada produk domestik bruto. Kondisi pembangunan pertanian Indonesia saat ini adalah dalam kerangka revitalisasi pertanian, perikanan, dan kelautan yang diupayakan melalui program Panca Yasa. Program ini terdiri atas: pembangunan/perbaikan infrastruktur pertanian, penguatan kelembagaan petani, revitalisasi tenaga penyuluh pertanian, perbaikan aksesibilitas petani ke sistem pembiayaan, menyempurnakan sistem pasar produk-produk pertanian yang menguntungkan petani, maka kebijakan pembangunan pertanian kini tidak hanya berorientasi pada produksi melainkan diarahkan pada kesejahteraan petani melalui pengelolaan skala besar yang terintegrasi dengan industri. Dalam upaya mendorong pengembangan kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi yang terintegrasi dengan industri pengolahan serta memberikan informasi yang tepat tentang potensi dan peluang investasi kepada calon investor, maka diperlukan profil proyek investasi yang menggambarkan sumberdaya dan prospektif pengembangannya di Kalimantan Timur melalui kajian secara spesifik yang digambarkan dari segi kelayakan usaha, finansial dan teknis. Dengan tersedianya kajian secara spesifik dari kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi yang terintegrasi dengan industri pengolahan diharapkan akan menghasilkan peningkatan daya saing daerah serta memberikan informasi yang benar dan tepat sebagai bahan pertimbangan bagi investor untuk mengambil keputusan berinvestasi di sektor agribisnis di Kalimantan Timur.
1.1. Background Paddy/Rice is a key industry in the development of Indonesia, particularly rural area. If an industry is closely related to other fields, labor intensive, especially in rural areas; then it will have a key role in the agricultural sector, a basic sector that has an important role in job creation, especially in rural areas. Economically, it is a fact that agriculture is one of the sectors that have resistance and resilience to international economic fluctuations. This sector with Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is also an integral part of Indonesia's sovereignty in the post1997 economic crisis. While investment, monetary and manufacture were collapsing, agricultural was still elastic because the needs and the accessibility to the people's basic economic needs. Agriculture also contributes to a constant gross domestic product and the economical space for labor intensive jobs. in the mean time, the number of people who are not directly or indirectly attached to farmers (farmers and laborers) is more than 38 million families of farmers. In line with the current condition of Indonesia's agricultural development in the framework of revitalization of agriculture, fisheries, and marine, program of Panca Yasa is established. This program consists of: the construction or improvement of agricultural infrastructure, strengthening farmer institution, revitalization of agricultural extension workers, improvements of farmers' accessibility to financing institutions, improving agricultural market systems that benefit farmers. The agricultural development policy is now not only production-oriented, but the welfare of farmers that can be done through large-scale management with integrated industry. In an effort to encourage the development of ricebased agriculture cultivated area with integrated processing industry, and providing accurate information about the potential and investment opportunities to prospective investors, there is a need for investment project profile that describes the resources and prospective development in East Kalimantan. It can be accomplished through the study described specifically in terms of feasibility in business, financial and technical sides. With the availability of a specific study of the cultivation area of rice-based agriculture with integrated processing industry, it is expected to result in increased regional competitiveness and provide the correct and adequate information to be taken into consideration for investors to make decisions to invest in the agribusiness sector in East Kalimantan.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE 1.2.
Maksud dan Tujuan Maksud dan tujuan dari penyusunan buku profil kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi ini adalah mengidentifikasi kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi yang terintegrasi dengan industri pengolahan, serta lokasi pengembangan yang disajikan dalam bentuk data spasial dan tabulasi berdasarkan aspek sumberdaya alam, sumberdaya manusia dan infrastruktur yang prospektif untuk diusahakan oleh investor. Hasil identifikasi ini kemudian disusun buku yang dapat memberikan informasi mengenai kelayakan teknis, pasar dan finansial serta manfaat/dampak bagi perekonomian daerah. 1.3. Kegunaan Diharapkan dengan diterbitkannya buku profil kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi ini maka dapat berguna sebagai : 2. Bahan promosi bagi Pemerintah Provinsi, khususnya Badan Perijinan dan Penanaman Modal Daerah Provinsi Kalimantan Timur dalam memberikan informasi tentang peluang investasi kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi kepada calon investor. 3. Bahan informasi bagi investor tentang peluang investasi dan sebagai acuan dalam pengambilan keputusan untuk berinvestasi di Kalimantan Timur.
1.2.
Aims Goals of the preparation of this book profile for rice-based cultivated area are to identify areas of agricultural cultivation of rice-based integrated manufacturing industry, as well as the location of development described in the form of spatial data and tabulations based on the aspects of natural resources, human resources and infrastructure that prospective to be presented to investors. The results of this identification can be compiled into a book that provides information about the technical feasibility, and financial markets and the benefits / impact on the regional economy.. 1.3.
Purposes and Advantages Publication of the book profiles of ricebased cultivation area is expected to be useful as: 1. Promotional materials for the Government Licensing Agency in particular Provincial Investment Board of East Kalimantan during any investment opportunity that provides ricebased cultivation area to prospective investors. 2. Material, showing clear and correct information to investors about investment opportunities and as a reference to making decision to invest in East Kalimantan.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
BAB II - CHAPTER II SITUASI PEMASARAN MARKET CONDITIONS 2.1.1. 2.1.1.
Pasar Dunia dan Pasar Domestik Pasar Dunia Beras merupakan bahan pangan pokok yang sangat penting bagi sebagian besar penduduk di kawasan Asia. Dari total konsumsi beras dunia, China mengkonsumsi sebesar 30%, India 21%, Indonesia 9%, Bangladesh 7% dan Vietnam 4%. Terkait dengan karakteristik beras sebagai bahan pangan pokok, konsumsi beras dunia terus menunjukkan peningkatan setiap tahunnya dengan pertumbuhan rata-rata per tahun sebesar 1,3 %. Pada kuartal II 2008, isu beras menjadi sangat penting karena adanya lonjakan harga beras dunia yang tajam dari USD 300 per ton menjadi USD 1000 per ton. Kondisi tersebut sering disebut sebagai krisis pangan beras dunia. Konsumsi beras dunia disajikan pada Gambar 1.
Gambar 1. Konsumsi Beras Dunia Figure 1. World rice consumption
Seiring dengan konsumsi beras yang terus meningkat setiap tahun, maka untuk mengimbanginya produksi beras pun harus ditingkatkan rata-rata sebesar 1,4% per tahun. Pada periode 2008/2009, total produksi beras di kawasan Asia mencapai 389,6 metrik juta ton atau setara dengan 88% dari total produksi beras dunia yang mencapai 444 juta metrik ton. Negara-negara Asia produsen beras terbesar di dunia adalah China, India dan Indonesia berturut-turut yaitu 30, 21 dan 8,4%. Tidak semua negara di Asia adalah penghasil beras dalam jumlah yang banyak. Malaysia, Sri Langka dan Nepal hanya menghasilkan beras kurang dari <1% dari pangsa produksi dunia. Selama 8 tahun terakhir, produktivitas beras dunia berada di level 3,9–4,2 metrik ton/Ha. Sedangkan produktivitas rata-rata dari 15 negara penghasil beras di Asia hanya sebesar 2,78 metrik ton/Ha.
2.1. 2.1.1.
World and Domestic market World Market Rice is a very important commodity for basic food needs, especially in Asia. Most populated countries consume much rice, namely China (30%), India (21%), Indonesia (9%), Bangladesh (7%), and Vietnam (4%). Related to the characteristics of rice as a staple food of the world, rice consumption continued to show improvement every year with an average growth per year around 1.3%. In second quarter of 2008, issue of rice becomes very important because the world rice price hikes are sharp. At that time the price of rice rose sharply to $ 1000 per ton, from the beginning of the normal period for a maximum of EUR 300 per ton. The condition is often referred to as the rice world food crisis. World rice consumption is presented in Figure 1.
Gambar 2. Produksi Beras Dunia (000 metrik ton) Figure 2. World rice production (thousands metric ton)
The growth in rice consumption continues to increase every year. At the same time, the rice production was offset by an increase in average production per year is 1.4%. In the 2008/2009 period the total world rice production reached 444 million metric tons of rice which the country's total production in Asia reached 389.6 million metric tons, equivalent to 88% of the total world rice production. Asia region is the world's biggest producer of rice, the country's largest producer is China (30% of the share of production), India (21%) and Indonesia (8.4%). Although rice is popular food in many dense populations in Asia, rice is not produced in significant amounts (<1% of the share of world production) in those area. These countries are Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Nepal. Productivity of rice in the world over the last eight years is at the level of 3.9 to 4.2 metric tons/ha. The average productivity of 15 Asian rice producing countries amounted to 2.78 metric tons / ha.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Sedangkan produktivitas rata-rata dari 15 negara penghasil beras di Asia hanya sebesar 2,78 metrik ton/Ha. Pada tahun 2007/2008 produktivitas beras tertinggi dihasilkan oleh Jepang yaitu sebesar 4,74 metrik ton/ha disusul Korea Selatan 4,64 metrik ton/ha, China 4,5 metrik ton/ha. Indonesia dan India sebagai negara penghasil beras dunia hanya berada diurutan ke 5 dan 11 dengan produktivitas berturut-turut 3,11 dan 2,21 metrik ton/ha.
Gambar 3. Figure 3.
Produksi Beras Berdasarkan Negara Rice producing countries (percentage to world production)
Berdasarkan perbandingan data dari berbagai negara, terdapat korelasi yang positif antara tingkat produktivitas padi dengan luas lahan sawah irigasi. Pada lahan irigasi, petani dapat menerapkan teknologi budidaya yang lebih intensif dibandingkan pada lahan non irigasi. Adanya perbedaan tingkat produktivitas beras di negara-negara Asia terjadi karena adanya keragaman luas lahan sawah irigasi relatif terhadap total luas pertanaman padi. Adapun produktivitas negara penghasil beras disajikan pada gambar 4.
In the year 2007/2008 the highest productivity of rice produced by the Japan, which could achieve 4.74 metric tons/ha and then by South Korea at 4.64 metric tons/ha. China was ranked 3rd in the productivity, with 4.5 metric tons/ha, and India ranked 11th in productivity of 2.21 metric tons/ha. Indonesia is among the top 5 most productive rice nations with 3.11 metric tons/ha.
Gambar 4. Produktifitas Negara Penghasil Beras (metrik ton per ha) Figure 4. Productivity in rice producing countries (metric ton per ha)
Looking at comparative data from various countries, is a positive correlation Gambar 4. there Produktifitas Negara Penghasil Berasbetween (metrik ton per the level of riceha)productivity with the size of Figure 4.rice Productivity in irrigation rice producing countries (metric irrigated area. In farms, farmers can ton per ha) apply agricultural technology more intensive than in other types of lands. Different levels of rice productivity in Asian countries is due to the wide diversity of land irrigated fields relative to the total area of the crop. The productivity of rice-producing countries is presented in figure 4. 2.1.2.
2.1.2.
Pasar Domestik Meskipun Indnesia termasuk salah satu negara produsen beras terbesar di dunia, namun pada beberapa tahun terakhir Indonesia sempat menjadi net importir beras. Kondisi tersebut terjadi karena konsumsi beras nasional melebihi produksinya. Setelah mencapai swa sembada beras pada tahun 1984, pada periode 1998-1999 terjadi penurunan produksi padi bersamaan dengan krisis ekonomi, sehingga Indonesia harus impor beras sebesar 3,8 juta ton/tahun dengan tingkat ketergantungan impor 11%. Sebagian besar beras yang diimpor tersebut berasal dari Vietnam yaitu 73% dan Thailand yaitu 26%. Selanjutnya pada tahun 2004-2005 impor beras mengalami penurunan drastis karena Indonesia melarang impor beras, kecuali untuk jenis-jenis beras tertentu.
Domestic Market Although Indonesia is among the largest producers of rice in the world, but for several years, the country was a net importer of rice. That condition occurred because the national rice consumption exceeds production. In the period 1998-1999 a decline in rice production with the economic crisis, so that the highest rice imports reached 3.8 million tons / year with the level of dependence on imports nearly 11%. In the year 2004 - 2005 rice imports declined dramatically since Indonesia banned rice imports, except for some rice for a particular use. Data in the last few years shows that most of rice imported from Vietnam
country (73%) and Thailand (26%).
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
Beberapa isu utama terkait masih kurangnya kemampuan produksi beras memenuhi konsumsi beras nasional adalah pada produktivitas dan efisiensi. Sampai saat ini, kehilangan panen dan pasca panen padi di Indonesia masih sangat tinggi yaitu mencapai 20,4%. Produksi dapat ditingkatkan dengan cara mem-perbaiki penanganan pasca panen agar kehilangan panen dapat ditekan dan teknologi pengolahan hasil dengan mendorong perkem-bangan teknologi penggili-ngan padi yang modern sehingga Indonesia mampu meningkatkan rendemen giling dan menghasilkan beras yang berkualitas tinggi. Selain itu, peningkatan produksi beras juga dapat dilakukan dengan cara meningkatkan indeks perta-naman melalui ekstensifikasi dan intensifikasi (peningkatan luas tanam/panen) serta pengelolaan ta-naman secara terpadu dengan memanfaatkan semua asupan bahan organik yang terdapat disekitar lahan usaha tani dan diintegrasikan dengan asupan an organik. Tahun 2008 Indonesia berhasil mencapai swasembada beras untuk kedua kalinya setelah tahun 1984 dengan tidak melakukan impor beras. Pemerintah mencatat produksi beras nasional tahun 2008 mencapai 38,6 juta ton sedangkan konsumsi sebesar 37 juta ton sehingga terjadi surplus sebesar 1,6 juta ton. Selama tahun 2007 dan 2008 telah terjadi peningkatan produksi berturut-turut sebesar 4,9 dan 5,5%. Berdasarkan capaian tersebut, maka pada tahun 2009 Departemen Pertanian menargetkan pertumbuhan produksi beras sebesar 5%, sehingga Indonesia dapat melakukan ekspor beras sebesar satu juta ton. Sebanyak lima negara akan menjadi negara tujuan utama ekspor beras yaitu Filipina, Malaysia, Timor Leste, Brunei dan Jepang.
Several key issues related to the lacking capacity in rice production and meeting the national rice consumption are mostly related on the productivity and efficiency. Production can be improved by means such as encouraging the development of modern rice milling system so that Indonesia can produce high-quality rice and increase yield milling. On the other hand, the increase in rice production can be done by increasing the acreage of agricultural land conversion to control the use of non-agriculture and the opening of new land. Then have a guaranteed availability of water at the farming land for planting rice, so the rice productivity index can be improved. In 2008 Indonesia managed to selfsufficiency in rice and not importing rice. The Government notes the achievement of national rice production in 2008 of 38.6 million tons while consumption by 37 million tons. Production increased 4.9% in 2007 and 5.5% in the year 2008. Seeing the conditions achieved in the year 2008, the Department of Agriculture targets to grow rice production in 2009 by 5%, so it can export rice around one million tons. As many as five states will be the main destination of exports of rice, namely Philippines, Malaysia, Timor Leste, Brunei and Japan. Brunei and Japan.
Gambar 6. Impor Beras Indonesia (000 metrik ton) Figure 6. Rice Import in Indonesia (thousands metric ton)
Gambar 5. Produksi dan Konsumsi Beras Indonesia (juta metrik ton) Figure 5. Rice production and consumption (thousands metric ton)
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Pemerintah optimis dengan target ekspor beras yang ditetapkan pada tahun 2009 dengan catatan produksi beras dapat dipertahankan seperti tahun sebelumnya. Selain itu, adanya kenaikan harga pembelian pemerintah untuk gabah dan beras yang sudah ditetapkan pada awal tahun 2009 diharapkan dapat menjadi insentif bagi petani untuk memacu peningkatan produksi beras. Selain kebijakan mengenai harga, pemerintah juga telah berkomitmen untuk membenahi distribusi dan pasokan pupuk bersubsidi. Pembenahan ini dilakukan dengan menerapkan sistem distribusi pupuk bersubsidi secara tertutup. Dengan sistem tersebut diharapkan kelangkaan pupuk bersubsidi bisa dihindarkan.
Gambar 7. Impor Beras Menurut Negara Asal Figure 7. Rice Imports based on Countries of Origin
2.2.
Pohon Industri Padi/Beras Padi merupakan bahan pangan sumber karbohidrat. Secara garis besar, tanaman padi terdiri atas jerami 50-70% dan gabah 30-50%. Jerami dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kompos, bahan pakan ternak, bahan bakar, media tanam, kertas dan pembuatan papan partikel. Gabah terdiri atas sekam 20% dan beras pecah kulit 80%. Beras pecah kulit selanjutnya dapat diolah menjadi bahan pangan pokok, pangan fungsional, panganan dan bahan baku industri. Potensi produk turunan potensial yang bisa dihasilkan dari tanaman padi secara rinci disajikan pada Gambar 9.
2.3.
Pohon Industri Padi/Beras Padi merupakan bahan pangan sumber karbohidrat. Secara garis besar, tanaman padi terdiri atas jerami 50-70% dan gabah 30-50%.
The government is optimistic with the rice export target in 2009, with some assumptions that rice production can be maintained at least at last year's figure. In addition to that, the government purchase prices for rice and grain have been defined at the beginning of the year 2009, as an incentive for farmers to increase rice production. In addition to the pricing policy, the government also has committed to fix the distribution and supply of subsidized fertilizer. This correction is done by applying closed distribution system of the subsidized fertilizer.
Gambar 8. Presentase Pengeluaran Rata-Rata per Kapita Sebulan Berdasarkan Kelompok Barang dan Golongan (2007) Figure 8. Percentage of Individual Average Expenditure per month based on commodities and needs (2007)
2.2.
Rice/Paddy Industrial Structure Paddy is a carbohydrate food source. It consists of 50 percent rice straw and 50 percent grain. Straw used for composting, animal feed ingredients, fuel, planting media, paper and particle board manufacturing. Grain consists of husk 20 percent and 80 percent broken skin rice, which in turn is processed into staple food, functional food, snacks, and industrial raw materials. Potential derivative products can be produced from rice commodity detail is presented in Figure 9.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
JERAMI (± 50%)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Kompos Pakan/Silase Bahan Bakar Media Jamur Kertas Papan Partikel
1. Beras (± 61%) 2. Menir (± 10%)
Pangan Pokok
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Beras Beras Beras Beras Beras
Kepala Giling Arimatik Instant Kristal
Pangan Fungsional
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Beras Beras Beras Beras Beras
Yodium IG Rendah Nutrisi Tinggi Berlembaga Fe Tinggi
Panganan
Beras Pecah Kulit (± 80%)
PADI
1. Kue Basah 2. Kue Kering
Tepung
1. Tepung BKP 2. Tepung Instant 3. Tepung Tekstil 4. Pangan Olahan
Pati
1. Pangan Olahan 2. Modified Starch 3. Gum Perekat
Bahan Baku Industri
Dedak (± 9%)
GABAH (± 50%)
Sekam (± 20%)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Arang Sekam Abu Gosok Bahan Bakar Silikat Karbon Aktif
Gambar 9. Alternatif dan Peluang Industri Beras Figure 9. Industrial tree and alternatives to rice products
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Beras pecah kulit terdiri atas beras 61%, menir 10% dan dedak 9%. Beras dan menir diproses lebih lanjut menjadi bahan pangan pokok, pangan fungsional, panganan, dan bahan baku industri. Sedangkan dedak digunakan sebagai bahan baku pakan ternak dan pupuk organik. Bahan pangan pokok terdiri atas beras kepala, beras giling, baras aromatik, beras instan, dan beras kristal. Bahan pangan pokok ini merupakan hasil olahan utama dari beras yang dimanfaatkan dan diperjualbelikan oleh masyarakat sebagai sumber pangan pokok dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Produk beras ini sudah umum kita temui di pasar dan toko-toko yang menjual beras. Bahan pangan fungsional merupakan pengelompokkan beras berdasarkan zat/kandungan gizinya. Bahan pangan fungsional ini terdiri atas beras yodium, beras IG rendah, beras bernutrisi tinggi, beras berlembaga, dan beras ber-Fe tinggi. Beras sebagai bahan pangan fungsional dapat diketahui dari komposisi kandungan gizi beras yang dapat dilihat pada kemasan jualnya. Beras yang diolah menjadi bahan panganan berupa kue basah dan kue kering biasanya berasal dari beras yang ditumbuk atau digiling menjadi tepung beras. Panganan kue basah dan kue kering umum ditemui di pasar-pasar tradisional terutama pada kondisi-kondisi tertentu, seperti bulan puasa, hari raya, dll. Beras sebagai bahan baku industri diolah menjadi tepung dan pati. Produk olahan ini biasanya dikemas dan dijual dalam ukuran tertentu. Produk ini biasanya juga dilengkapi dengan bahanbahan tambahan lain. Produk olahan dari tepung berupa tepung BKP, tepung instan, tepung tekstil, dan pangan olahan. Sedangkan pati diolah menjadi pangan olahan, modified starch, dan bahan perekat. Selain untuk dikonsumsi langsung, beras juga dapat diolah untuk berbagai keperluan dengan nilai tambah yang cukup tinggi. Dalam hal ini pemanfaatan teknologi pascapanen padi dan produk sampingannya memegang peranan penting. Produk sampingan dari padi adalah sekam. Sekam ini dapat dibuat menjadi arang sekam, arang aktif/karbon aktif, silikat, pupuk kompos/organik, abu gosok dan bahan bakar alternatif. Semua produk sampingan dari sekam tersebut tidak membutuhkan proses yang sulit. Sedangkan produk sampingan sekam yang membutuhkan proses pengolahan lanjut adalah pembuatan silikat dan karbon aktif. Kedua produk ini berguna dalam industri, laboratorium dan kehidupan sehari-hari, terutama sebagai bahan penyerap bau.
Broken skin rice consists of rice 61 percent, min rice 10 percent, and bran around 9 percent. Rice and min rice are further processed into staple food, functional food, snacks, and industrial raw materials. While bran is used as animal feed raw materials. Staple food consists of rice heads, milled rice, barasarimatik, instant rice, and rice crystals. This staple food is the main processed from rice. It was used and traded by the public as a source of staple food in everyday life. This product is common rice we meet in the market and shops that are selling rice. Functional food is a grouping of rice based on substance/nutritious contents. Functional food consists of rice, iodine supplemented rice, low IG rice, high nutritive rice, brown rice, and Fe-rich rice. Rice as a functional food can be seen from the composition of the nutrient content of rice as printed on the package. Rice is processed into comestible in the form of wet cake and pastries are usually derived from ground rice or rice flour. Comestible cake and pastry are common in traditional markets, especially in certain conditions, such as the fasting month, holidays, and others. Rice as an industrial raw material is processed into flour and starch. These processed products are usually packaged and sold in certain sizes. These products are usually also equipped with additional ingredients other. Processed products of wheat flour BKP, instant flour, flour textiles, and food processing. The starch is processed into food processing, modified starch, and gum adhesive. In addition to direct consumption, rice can also be processed for various purposes with the added value are high enough. In this post-harvest technology of rice and by-products play an important role. By-product of paddy is husk. This hull can be made into charcoal husk that can be used as a planting medium for hydroponic cultivation system as well as compost material / organic. Husk charcoal made through the combustion process. In addition, the chaff can be useful rub ashes in everyday life for household cleaning equipment. Husk can also be used as an alternative fuel. Third-product of the husks will not require a difficult process. While the product of the husks which require more processing is making silicate and active carbon. Both products are useful in industry and everyday life. One of its uses is as an odor absorber.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
BAB III - CHAPTER III TEKNIS PRODUKSI DAN POTENSI DAERAH Technical Production and Local Potential 3.1. Potensi Lokasi dan Produksi 3.1.1. Potensi Lokasi 3.1.1.1. Keadaan Wilayah Propinsi Kalimantan Timur
3.1. Location and Production Potential 3.1.1. Location Potential 3.1.1.1. Regional Conditions in the Kalimantan Province
Kalimantan Timur dengan luas wilayah daratan 198.441,17 km2 dan luas wilayah laut 2 10.216,57 km terletak antara 113º44’ Bujur Timur dan 119º00’ Bujur Timur serta diantara 4º24’ Lintang Utara dan 2º25’ Lintang Selatan. Seiring dengan pemekaran wilayah, maka Kalimantan Timur terbagi menjadi 10 Kabupaten, 4 Kota, 136 kecamatan dan 1.410 desa/kelurahan.
East Kalimantan has a land area of 198,441.17 km2 and manageable sea territories of 10,216.57 km2. It is located between 113º 44' Eastern Longitude and 119º 00' Eastern Longitude and between 4º 24' Northern Latitude and 2º 25’ Southern Latitude. With the establishment of provincial regions, this is the second largest province after Papua, and is currently divided into 10 (ten) districts, 4 (four) Cities, 136 sub-districts and 1,410 villages.
East
Kab. Nunukan Kab Tana Tidung Kota Tarakan Kab. Bulungan
Kab. Malinau
Kab. Berau
Kab. Kutai Timur Kab. Kutai Kartanegara Kota Bontang Kota Samarinda Kab. Kutai Barat Gambar 10. Peta Kalimantan Timur
Kab. Penajam Paser Utara Kab. Paser
Kesepuluh Kabupaten/Kota tersebut adalah Paser dengan ibukota Tanah Grogot, Penajam Paser Utara dengan ibukota Penajam, Kutai Barat dengan ibukota Sendawar, Kutai Kartanegara dengan ibukota Tenggarong, Kutai Timur dengan ibukota Sengatta, Berau dengan ibukota Tanjung Redeb, Malinau dengan ibukota Malinau, Bulungan dengan ibukota Tanjung Selor, Nunukan dengan ibukota Nunukan, Tana Tidung dengan ibukota Tideng Pale, Kota Bontang dengan ibukota Bontang, Kota Samarinda dengan ibukota Samarinda, Kota Balikpapan dengan ibukota Balikpapan dan Kota Tarakan dengan ibukota Tarakan (berdasarkan Undang-undang Nomor 34 tahun 2007 tanggal 10 Agustus 2007 Lembaran Negara No. 100 Tahun 2007).
The ten districts include Pasir with municipality located in Tanah Grogot, Kutai Barat with municipality located in Sendawar, Kutai Kartanegara with municipality located in Tenggarong, Kutai Timur with municipality located in Sengatta, Berau with municipality located in Tanjung Redeb, Malinau with municipality located in Malinau, Bulungan with municipality located in Tanjung Selor, Nunukan with municipality located in Nunukan, Penajam Paser Utara with municipality located in Penajam, dan Tana Tidung with municipality located in Tideng Pale. Moreover, the four cities are Balikpapan, Samarinda, Tarakan dan Bontang.
3.1.
Location and Production Potential
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Kalimantan Timur merupakan salah satu propinsi yang menjadi pintu gerbang pembangunan di wilayah Indonesia bagian Timur dan dikenal sebagai penghasil kayu dan tambang. Propinsi ini memiliki ratusan sungai yang tersebar hampir di semua Kabupaten/Kota dan merupakan sarana transportasi utama di samping transportasi darat, dengan sungai yang terpanjang adalah Sungai Mahakam. Provinsi Kalimantan Timur terletak di sebelah Timur Pulau Kalimantan dengan batas wilayah : Sebelah Utara : Malaysia (Sabah dan Serawak) Sebelah Timur : Selat Makassar dan Laut Sulawesi Sebelah Selatan : Kalimantan Selatan Sebelah Barat : Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Tengah dan Malaysia
East Kalimantan is a gate for development in Eastern Region of Indonesia. This province is also famous for timber and mining production. Rivers, which are vastly found in all over the land have been a major access to people’s economic activities. It hosts a famous Mahakam river, which is the widest one in Indonesia. East Kalimantan province is situated in the eastern side of Kalimantan Island. It has a boundary located on the North side to neighboring country of Malaysia, especially the provinces of Sabah and Sarawak. Nothern boundary : Malaysia Eastern boundary : Makassar Strait and Sea of Sulawesi Southern boundary : South Kalimantan West boundary : West, Central provinces of Kalimantan and Malaysia
Kabupaten/Kota yang memiliki luas wilayah terbesar adalah Kabupaten Malinau dengan luas 39.799,88 km2 atau 20,06% dari total wilayah Provinsi Kalimantan Timur dan yang terkecil adalah Kota Bontang yang memiliki luas wilayah 163,39 km2 atau 0,08%. Jumlah kecamatan dan desa serta luas wilayah setiap Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1.
A district that has a largest administrative area is Kabupaten Malinau with a total area of 39.799,88 Km2 or 20.06% from the area of East Kalimantan province. Moreover, the smallest administrative area belongs to city of Bontang which covers only 163.39 Km2 or 0.08% of the total. Details of the number of sub districts and villages and the area of each district / city in the province of East Kalimantan can be seen in Table 1.
Tabel 1. Jumlah kecamatan dan desa serta luas wilayah menurut Kabupaten/Kota Tahun 2008 Table 1.
Summary of sub-districts, villages and administrative area in each district/city in East Kalimantan based on 2008 data
Kabupaten/Kota District/City
Banyaknya Kecamatan Sub-districts
Banyaknya Desa/Kelurahan
Luas Wilayah Daratan Area
Tabel 1. Jumlah kecamatan dan desa serta luas wilayah Vilages menurut Kabupaten/Kota km2 % Tahun 2008 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Table 1. Summary of sub-districts, villages and administrative area in 10.936,38 each district/city 5,51 in East 1. Paser 10 125 Kalimantan based on 2008 data 2. Kutai Barat
21
223
30.943,79
3. Kutai Kartanegara
18
225
26.326,00
15,59 13,27
4. Kutai Timur
18
135
31.884,59
16,07
5. Berau
13
107
22.521,71
11,35
6. Malinau
12
108
39.799,88
20,06
7. Bulungan
10
81
17.249,61
8,69
8. Nunukan
9
223
13.875,42
6,99
9. Penajam Paser Utara
4
47
3.209,66
1,62
10. Balikpapan
5
27
560,70
0,28
11. Samarinda
6
53
718,23
0,36
12. Tarakan
4
20
251,81
0,13
13. Bontang
3
15
163,39
0,08
14. Tana Tidung Jumlah
3
21
136
1.410
Total
Sumber: Source :
198.441,17
100,00
Badan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Provinsi Kalimantan Timur dan Kanwil Badan Pertanahan Nasional Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, 2008. Board of People Empowerment, East Kalimantan Province and Bureau of Land Authority of East Kalimantan Province, 2008.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE 3.1.1.2. Topografi dan Jenis Tanah Kalimantan Timur memiliki topografi yang tersebar dari dataran sampai pegunungan dengan didominasi wilayah yang bergelombang sampai berbukit. Selain terdapat sungai yang cukup banyak, di Kalimantan Timur memiliki 18 buah danau yang sebagian besar terdapat di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara dengan danau yang paling luas yaitu Danau Semayang dan Danau Melintang dengan luas masing-masing 13.000 dan 11.000 ha. Sebagian besar wilayah Kalimantan Timur didominasi oleh jenis tanah Podzolik Merah Kuning (ultisol). 3.1.1.3. Iklim, Suhu, dan Curah Hujan Kalimantan Timur beriklim hujan tropika basah dengan curah hujan turun hampir sepanjang tahun dan tidak memiliki musim yang tegas. Berdasarkan stasion meteorologi dan Geofisika yang terdapat dibeberapa wilayah, Kalimantan Timur memiliki curah hujan bulanan rata-rata 222,5 mm dengan suhu berkisar antar 21 0 – 350 C. Sebagai daerah yang memiliki iklim hujan tropika basah dengan habitat hutan yang sangat luas, Kalimantan Timur mempunyai kelembaban udara sekitar 85%. Kelembaban udara terendah terpantau di Stasiun Meteorologi Tarakan yaitu sebesar 74%, sedang yang tertinggi terpantau di Stasiun Tanjung Redeb yaitu sebesar 90%. Selanjutnya berdasarkan hasil pengamatan di beberapa Stasion Meteorologi dan Geofisika yang tersebar di beberapa wilayah, intensitas penyinaran di Kalimantan Timur relatif rendah yaitu berkisar antar 40 – 60%. Hal ini akan berpengaruh besar terhadap upaya peningkatan produksi tanaman, khususnya tanaman pangan. Rata-rata suhu minimum dan maksimum, kelembaban udara, curah hujan dan Intensitas penyinaran rata-rata pada tahun 2007 di beberapa stasiun pengamat meteorologi bisa dilihat pada Tabel 2. 3.1.2. Potensi Lahan Kawasan Sasaran areal tanam dimasing-masing kabupaten/kota difokuskan per kecamatan sentra. Dasar penetapan kecamatan sentra disesuaikan dengan data kecamatan berdasarkan jumlah luas tanam terbesar tahun 2005 (Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Propinsi Kalimantan Timur, 2007). Pengembangan areal tanam padi sawah yang memiliki potensi kawasan dengan luas ± 4.000 ha adalah PPU, Kukar, Paser dan Samarinda, sedangkan Kabupaten/Kota lainnya memiliki luas kurang dari 4.000 ha. Berdasarkan data Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Kabupaten PPU tahun 2008, luas areal tanam padi sawah di Kecamatan Babulu adalah 9.159 ha dan Kecamatan Penajam 1.885 ha. Rincian pengembangan padi sawah per kecamatan sentra produksi diuraikan pada tingkat kabupaten/kota di Kalimantan Timur dapat dilihat pada Lampiran 8.
3.1.1.2. Topography and Soil type Land area of East Kalimantan has many mountains and hills, which are situated in almost all districts/cities. It has 18 lakes, mostly found in districts of Kutai Kartanegara, giving the two largest lakes of Danau Semayang and Danau Melintang. They occupy 13,000 and 11,000 hectares, respectively. The main type of soil in East Kalimantan is ultisol. 3.1.1.3. Climate, Temperature, dan Rainfal rate East Kalimantan province has a tropical climate and is being influenced by two major seasons, dry and rainy. Dry season usually occurs during May to October, while rainy season takes place in November to April. These weather conditions are sequentially happen over the year, giving transition periods between the shifting of the seasons. As the province is passed by equatorial line, thus the climate is heavily influenced by two Monsoons, west (November and April) and east (May and October). However, the current climate is not in a good order. During the months of rainy season, rainfall rate drops. Conversely, it rises during dry season. The temperature at a place is determined by other high and low places compare to the surface of the sea and their distances from the beach. In general, East Kalimantan has a hot climate with the air temperature in 2007 ranged from 21.10 º C (Meteorological Station Nunukan = September) to 35.80 º C (Meteorological Station Tanjung Selor = May). The average temperature was at the lowest 21.96 º C and at the highest 34.90 º C occurred in the districts of Berau and Bulungan. In addition, with the vast area of tropical forest habitat, East Kalimantan, have relatively high humidity with the average ranged from 73.60 to 90.00%. The lowest humidity of 73.60%, which can be monitored through Meteorological Station Toledo, happens in February, while the highest is in Tanjung Redeb Meteorological Station, which occurred in January, February and December of 90.00%. The average minimum temperature and maximum temperature as well as relative humidity in 2007 from some Meteorological Stations are described in Table 2. 3.1.2.Potential Land Area Goal-enter the area planted each district per district centers focused. Basis to districts according to the data center based on the number of districts the largest acreage in 2005 (Department of Agriculture Province of East Kalimantan, 2007). Development of paddy rice planting acreage that has the potential ± area with 4000 ha area is PPU, Kukar, Paser and Samarinda, while the District / Area cities less than 4,000 ha. Based on data from Office, Agricultural PPU District in 2008, the total area planted in paddy fields Babulu District is 9,159 ha and 1,885 ha Penajam District. Details of the development of paddy rice production centers per district described in the district level in East Kalimantan can be seen in Appendix 8.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Tabel 2.
Rata-rata suhu udara, kelembaban, tekanan udara, kecepatan angin, curah hujan dan penyinaran matahari menurut stasiun
Table 2.
Average of temperatures, relative humidity, vapor pressures, wind speeds, rainfall rates, and adsorbed sun lights based on several locations of meteorogical station Stasiun
Meteorological S t a s i u n
Uraian
Tabel 2.
Rata-rata Description suhu udara, kelembaban, tekanan udara, kecepatan angin, curah hujan Samarinda Balikpapan dan penyinaran matahari menurut stasiun Tarakan Tanjung Selor Tanjung Redeb Nunukan
Table 2.
Average relative humidity, vapor pressures, wind rainfall rates, (1) of temperatures,(2) (3) (4) (5) speeds, (6) (7)and adsorbed sun lights based on several locations of meteorogical station 3
1. Suhu Udara (oC) Temperature (0C)
- Minimum - Maximum 2. Kelembaban Udara (%) Relative Humidity (%)
3. Tekanan Udara (mb) Vapor Pressure (mb)
4. Kecepatan Angin (Knot) Wind Speed (Knot)
5. Curah Hujan (mm) Rainfall rate (mm)
6. Penyinaran Matahari (%) Adsorbed Sun light (%)
24,10 32,00 82,80
27,20 32,00 85,90
24,50 30,80 83,30
22,70 34,90 84,70
21,96 34,88 87,67
22,50 31,80 84,00
1.010,40
1.010,05
1.010,50
1.009,80
-
1.008,40
1,90
5,10
8,10
2,60
2,92
5,00
204,50
235,26
329,50
262,60
238,74
214,20
45,90
40,00
46,10
54,30
-
64,00
Sumber:
Badan Meteorologi dan Geofisika Kalimantan Timur, 2008.
Source:
Meteorological and Geophysics Board of East Kalimantan province, 2008.
3.1.3. Natural Resources Potential 3.1.3. Potensi Produksi Sumber:periode Badan 2001-2008, Meteorologi danrata-rata Geofisika Kalimantan Timur, 2008. The rate of growth of rice planting area in Selama laju Source: Meteorological and Geophysics Board of East Kalimantan province, 2008. East Kalimantan is by 1.03 percent during the pertumbuhan luas areal tanam padi di Kalimantan period 2001-2008. The development of this plant Timur sebesar 1,03 persen. Selama kurun waktu area is likely to experience a decrease from the tersebut, perkembangan luas areal tanam padi di previous year. The decrease was expected due to Kalimantan Timur berfluktuasi. Adanya fluktuasi ini conversion of rice land into plantations and mining diduga disebabkan karena adanya konversi lahan and farming transition to non-agricultural sector. The sawah menjadi areal perkebunan dan development of rice planting area in East pertambangan serta peralihan usahatani ke sektor Kalimantan is presented in Table 3. non pertanian. Perkembangan areal tanam padi di Table 3 shows that districts that have the Kalimantan Timur disajikan pada Tabel 3. largest planting area is an area of Kutai Kartanegara Tabel 3 menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 61,050 hectares and the District Penajam Paser 2008 daerah kabupaten/kota yang memiliki luas 18,950 hectare area. Districts / cities with the lowest areal tanam padi terluas adalah Kabupaten Kutai grain acreage are Tarakan City with area of 15 Kertanegara yaitu 61.050 ha, sedangkan yang hectares. tersempit adalah Kota Tarakan yaitu 15 ha. Tabel 3.
Perkembangan Luas Areal Penanaman Padi di Kalimantan Timur menurut Kabupaten/Kota Selama Periode 2001-2008
Table 3.
Development of cultivation area of rice in East Kalimantan, breaking down to districts and cities in periods of 2001-2008
No
Kabupaten/Kota District/City
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1 Pasir 24.279 20.616 10.344 13.053 13.266 13.930 10.947 18.425 Tabel 3. Barat Perkembangan 21.673 Luas Areal Padi di Kalimantan Timur 2 Kutai 9.563 Penanaman 13.523 13.803 12.967 9.386 14.518 menurut 18.950 3 Kutai Kertanegara 43.711 53.290 39.418 47.106 36.881 51.095 61.050 Kabupaten/Kota 29.799 Selama Periode 2001-2008 4 Kutai timur 5,711 10.256 15.442 7.588breaking 16.295down4.599 Table 3. Development of cultivation area of rice in East10.737 Kalimantan, to districts18.145 and 5 Berau cities in periods of 2001-2008 8.762 8.816 10.119 11.358 11.295 15.668 8.985 14.845 6 Malinau 16.635 22.712 7.340 7.600 8.836 6.874 6.916 10.530 7 Bulungan 8.335 5.841 7.963 6.154 17.284 14.282 15.411 16.950 8 Nunukan 10.894 8.511 7.430 7.601 9.788 10.925 8.992 14.000 9 Penajam Paser Utara 9.511 11.086 13.613 15.513 16.301 18.950 10 Balikpapan 48 55 60 12 50 99 365 215 11 Samarinda 8.049 5.520 5.580 5.319 6.493 5.907 7.314 8.340 12 Tarakan 13 15 13 Bontang 40 75 100 185 124 79 179 177 Kalimantan Timur 134.285 135.676 140.702 126.326 148.430 145.839 145.635 200.860 East Kalimantan
Sumber : Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Propinsi Kalimantan Timur, 2009. Source :
Bureau of Agricultural Crops Plantation of East Kalimantan Province, 2009.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Budidaya tanaman padi di Kalimantan Timur terdiri dari padi sawah dan padi ladang. Meskipun berfluktusi, tampak bahwa perkebangan luas tanam padi sawah di Kalimantan Timur selama periode 2001-2008 secara riil meningkat dari 69.539 ha pada tahun 2001 menjadi 122.355 ha pada tahun 2008 atau mengalami kenaikan pertumbuhan sebesar 8,12%. Perkembangan luas tanam padi sawah disajikan pada Tabel 4.
The development of rice in East Kalimantan consists of irrigated and non-irrigated paddy fields. Acreage development in East Kalimantan for the rice/paddy commodity in 2001-2008 is fluctuating but increasing. The dedicated paddy rice acreage increased from 69,539 hectares in 2001 to 122,355 hectares in 2008 or an increase of 8.12 percent growth in 2001-2008. The development of paddy rice acreage is presented in Table 4.
Tabel 4. Perkembangan Luas Tanam Padi Sawah di Kalimantan Timur Selama Periode 2001-2008 (ha) Table 4. No.
Development of cultivation area of irrigated rice field in East Kalimantan, years of 20012008 (ha) Kab/Kota
District/City
1 Pasir 2 Kutai Barat 3 Kutai Kertanegara 4 Kutai Timur 5 Berau 6 Malinau 7 Bulungan 8 Nunukan 9 Penajam Pasir Utara 10 Balikpapan 11 Samarinda 12 Tarakan 13 Bontang Kaltim East Kalimantan
Rata-rata pertumbuhan Average growth
Sumber : Source:
2001
2002
2003
2007
2008
15.029 3.440 21.371 1.840 2.458 4.831 4.762 7.968 2 7.798 40
13.955 2.067 36.802 2.576 2.991 1.623 2.265 6.736 5 5.221 75
4.616 1.767 45.528 4.208 3.334 1.984 3.760 4.497 8.200 45 5.200 100
2004 6.967 1.777 32.523 3.437 3.201 1.818 2.541 5.935 9.790 12 5.200 185
2005 6.620 1.601 39.998 3.448 3.138 2.551 6.495 7.312 12.261 22 6.293 122
2006 6.969 832 30.422 2.576 5.345 2.000 6.028 8.830 14.216 52 5.742 79
5.846 818 44.723 2.347 3.609 1.798 6.299 7.514 15.118 189 7.210 13 179
9.475 3.160 52.630 3.680 5.895 3.160 7.475 11.580 1..845 160 8.105 15 175
69.539
74.316
83.239
73.386
89.861
83.091
95.663
122.355
8,12 %
Sumber : Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan & Hortikultura, 2009 Source : Bureau of Agricultural Crops Plantation of East Kalimantan Province, 2009.
Sedangkan untuk padi ladang, There is a tendency to decrease nonperkembangan luas tanamnya selama periode irrigated rice commodity fields acreage by an 2001-2008 juga berfluktuasi menunjukkan trend & Hortikultura, average 2009 of 0.27 percent per year from the year Sumber : Sumber : Dinasdan Pertanian Tanaman Pangan menurunSource: rata-rata 0,27% Crops perPlantation tahun. 2001-2008. Almost all commodities grown in Source :sebesar Bureau of Agricultural of East Kalimantan Province, 2009. Komoditi padi ladang umumnya ditanam pada lahan unirrigated paddy fields are converted to oil palm kering yang rentan terhadap kekeringan dan plantation, mining or simply abandoned due to ancaman terjadinya konversi lahan ke sektor lacking of farmers. The farmers become workers or perkebunan khususnya karet dan kelapa sawit, laborers in both sectors so that the land was not pertambangan atau beralihnya petani bekerja pada cultivated by rice anymore. Those factors are kedua sektor tersebut sehingga luas lahan budidaya contributing to the declining trend in planting area of padi ladang semakin sempit dan atau tidak dapat paddy in East Kalimantan. Detailed figures of paddy digarap lagi. Hal inilah yang dimungkinkan menjadi field acreage in East Kalimantan in 2007-2008 are penyebab terjadinya kecenderungan penurunan presented in Table 5. luas areal tanam padi ladang di Kalimantan Timur. Selain itu, perubahan iklim global dan semakin terbatasnya laham subur yang tersedia juga sangat berpengaruh terhadap penurunan luas areal tanam padi ladang. Lebih lengkap perkembangan luas tanam padi ladang di Kalimantan Timur selama periode 2001-2008 tersaji dalam Tabel 5.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Tabel 5. Perkembangan Luas Tanam Padi Ladang di Kalimantan Timur selama periode 2001-2008 (ha) Table 5.
Development of cultivation area of non-irrigated rice field in East Kalimantan Year of 2001-2008 (ha) Kab/Kota
No.
District/City
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1 Pasir 9.250 6.661 5.728 6.086 6.666 6.961 5.101 8.950 2 Kutai Barat 18.233 7.496 11.756 12.026 11.366 8.554 13.700 15.790 3 Kutai Kertanegara 8.428 6.909 7.762 6.895 7.108 6.459 6.372 8.420 Tabel 5. Timur Perkembangan Luas Ladang7.300 di Kalimantan Timur 4 Kutai 3.931 Tanam 7.680 Padi 11.234 4.140 13.719 selama 2.252 periode 14.735 5 Berau 2001-2008 (ha) 6.304 5.825 6.785 8.157 8.157 10.323 5.376 8.950 6 Malinau 11.804 21.089 5.356 5.782rice field 6.285 4.874 5.118 Year7.370 Table 5. Development of cultivation area of non-irrigated in East Kalimantan of 7 Bulungan 3.576 4.203 3.613 10.789 8.254 9.112 9.475 2001-2008 (ha) 3.573 8 Nunukan 2.926 1.775 2.933 1.666 2.476 2.095 1.478 2.420 9 Penajam Pasir Utara 1.311 1.296 1.352 1.297 1.183 2.105 10 Balikpapan 46 50 15 28 47 176 55 11 Samarinda 251 299 380 119 200 165 104 235 12 Tarakan 13 Bontang Kaltim 64.746 61.360 57.463 52.940 58.569 62.748 49.972 78.505 Rata-rata pertumbuhan -0,27% Average growth
Sumber : Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan & Hortikultura, 2009 Source : Bureau of Agricultural Crops Plantation of East Kalimantan Province, 2009.
Meskipun luas areal tanamnya cenderung The development of rice production in East menurun, namun perkembangan produksi padi Kalimantan, according to district/city is presented in ladangSumber di Kalimantan Timur cenderung Table 6. This table shows that rice production in : Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan meningkat & Hortikultura, 2009 dari tahun tahun (TabelCrops 6). Plantation Berdasarkan data Province, East 2009. Kalimantan are still experiencing an increase in Source ke : Bureau of Agricultural of East Kalimantan pada tabel 6 menunjukkan bahwa produksi padi the growth rate of 6.26% during the period 2001ladang di Kalimantan Timur mengalami 2008. Rice production in East Kalimantan in 2008 peningkatan dengan laju pertumbuhan 6,26% has increased to reach 586.030 tons dried milled selama periode 2001-2008. Bila mengacu pada grain (GKG) compared with production in 2007 data produksi padi ladang tahun 2007 sebesar reached 567,502 tons GKG. 567.502 ton GKG, maka produksi padi ladang pada tahun 2008 mencapai 586.030 ton GKG atau meningkat sebesar 18.528 ton GKG (3,26%). Tabel 6. Perkembangan produksi padi di Kalimantan Timur menurut Kabupaten/Kota Selama Periode 2001-2008 (ton) Table 6. No
Development of production of rice field in East Kalimantan, divided by city/district Year of 2001-2008 (Ton) Kab/Kota
District/City
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1 Pasir 64,672 62,484 30,408 35,281 35,865 38,522 52,856 55,415 2 Kutai Barat 31,655 39,868 32,543 30,650 44,055 40,277 40,768 32,764 6.Kertanegara Perkembangan produksi padi di172,887 Kalimantan 3 Tabel Kutai 134,704 171,580 199,037 Timur 194,992 menurut 191,531 Kabupaten/Kota 189,541 212 Selama Periode 2001-2008 4 Kutai timur 11,561 30,592 (ton)22,449 20,300 41,132 45,355 41,333 38,322 6. Development of19,618 production of rice field in East Kalimantan, Year 5 Table Berau 21,294 23,714 27,201 27,809 divided 28,602 by city/district 31,114 29,607 6 Malinau of 2001-2008 (Ton) 25,814 49,646 55,962 20,224 17,736 21,932 18,456 22,706 7 Bulungan 26,631 18,037 16,285 26,315 25,219 35,128 38,057 44,329 8 Nunukan 28,571 25,257 21,789 32,520 31,556 43,890 48,125 39,750 9 Penajam Paser Utara 31,153 48,374 60.666 66.486 78.033 79,726 10 Balikpapan 63 112 172 151 46 301 611 1,490 11 Samarinda 23,011 23,492 22,634 35,520 20,106 26,755 28,129 29,406 12 Tarakan 17 79 13 Bontang 408 271 289 595 374 392 461 436 Kaltim 366,708 442,633 430,285 486,166 499,557 541,172 567,502 586,030 East Kalimantan
Sumber : Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Propinsi Kalimantan Timur, 2009. Source: Bureau of Agricultural Crops Plantation of East Kalimantan Province, 2009.
Kabupaten/Kota yang menjadi sentra Districts/cities which became the center of produksi beras pada tahun 2008 adalah Kabupaten rice production in 2008 were Kutai Kartanegara with : Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan PropinsiPaser Kalimantan 212,000 Timur, 2009.tons, Penajam Paser Utara with 79,726 KutaiSumber Kertanegara, Penajam Paser Utara, Source: Bureau of Agricultural Crops Plantation of East Kalimantan Province, 2009. dan Nunukan dengan produksi berturut-turut tons, Pasir with 55,415 tons, and Nunukan with 212.000, 79.726, 55.415 dan 39.750 ton. 39,750 tons. Region with the lowest rice production Sedangkan Kota Tarakan adalah daerah dengan is Tarakan City with the production of 79 tons. produksi beras terendah, yaitu 79 ton.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Besarnya jumlah produksi padi di Kalimantan Timur sebagian besar merupakan kontribusi dari padi sawah. Pada tahun 2008, jumlah produksi padi sawah mencapai 441.405 ton GKG. Rata-rata pertumbuhan produksinya Selama Periode 2001-2008 meningkat sebesar 7,08 % (Tabel 7). Sedangkan untuk padi ladang meskipun luas areal tanamnya mengalami penurunan, namun rata-rata pertumbuhan produksi Selama Periode 2001-2008 meningkat sebesar 5,01 % (Tabel 8).
Irrigated/non-irrigated paddy fields have a large contribution to rice productions in East Kalimantan. In 2008, the amount of paddy rice production reached 441,405 tons of GKG. The average production growth since the year 20012008 is 7.08%. The development of paddy rice production is presented more in Table 7. Although the area of paddy field acreage tends to decrease, but the productivity is growing since the year 2001-2008, in which is increased at average 5.01% per year. The development of rice production in East Kalimantan fields is presented in Table 8.
Tabel 7.
Perkembangan Produksi Padi Sawah di Kalimantan Timur Selama Periode 2001-2008 (ton)
Table 7.
Development of production of irrigated rice field in East Kalimantan Year of 2001-2008 (ton)
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Kab/Kota
District/City
Pasir Kutai Barat Kutai Kertanegara Kutai Timur Berau Malinau Bulungan Nunukan Penajam Pasir Utara Balikpapan Samarinda Tarakan Bontang Kaltim East Kalimantan
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
44.641 6.067
43.755 8.475
15.711 7.450
20.096 4.513
19.587 8.248
22.881 5.177
30.720 4.329
33.507 3.724
115.643
149.252
151.490
183.845
175.968
170.416
170.843
193.499
7.085 8.442 7.857 19.834 27.291
7.993 7.634 16.225 9.489 21.785
14.746 9.815 13.067 9.405 17.293
14.331 10.054 7.757 13.809 28.579
13.075 10.911 6.336 11.017 26.392
12.950 10.281 8.536 17.379 38.065
8.834 14.010 7.321 21.260 44.434
18.883 14.706 8.706 25.934 35.282
-
-
29.525
44.426
57.105
66.114
74.711
76.301
3 22.268 408
17 22.786 271
110 21.890 289
121 25.137 595
40 19.848 374
251 26.382 387
517 27.832 17 461
1.178 29.171 79 435
259.539
287.682
290.791
353.263
348.902
378.818
405.289
441.405
Pertumbuhan rata-rata
Average growth
7,08%
Sumber: Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan& Hortikultura, 2009 Source: Bureau of Agricultural Crops Plantation of East Kalimantan Province, 2009
Tabel 8.
Perkembangan Produksi Padi Ladang di Kalimantan Timur Selama Periode 2001-2008 (ton)
Table 8.
Development of production of non-irrigated rice field in East Kalimantan Year of 20012008 (Ton)
No.
Kab/Kota
District/City
1 Pasir 2 Kutai Barat Kab/Kota 3No. Kutai District/City Kertanegara 1 Pasir 42 Kutai KutaiTimur Barat 53 Berau Kutai 6 Malinau Kertanegara 7 4 Bulungan Kutai Timur 85 Nunukan Berau 96 PPU Malinau 107 Balikpapan Bulungan 118 Samarinda Nunukan 129 Tarakan PPU 1310 Bontang Balikpapan 11 Kaltim Samarinda Kalimantan 12 East Tarakan 13 Bontang Kaltim
2001
2002
2003
2004
20.031 25.588 2001 19.061 20.031 4.476 25.588 11.176 19.061 17.957 6.797 4.476 1.280 11.176 17.957 60 6.797 743 1.280 -60 743 107.169 -
2005
2006
2007
18.729 14.697 15.185 16.278 15.641 22.136 31.393 25.093 26.137 35.807 35.100 36.439 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 22.328 21.397 15.192 19.024 21.115 18.698 18.729 14.697 15.185 16.278 15.641 22.136 22.599 7.703 25.969 28.057 32.405 32.499 31.393 25.093 26.137 35.807 35.100 36.439 13.660 13.899 17.147 16.898 18.321 17.104 22.328 21.397 15.192 19.024 21.115 18.698 33.421 42.895 12.467 11.400 13.396 11.135 8.548 6.880 12.506 14.202 17.749 16.797 22.599 7.703 25.969 28.057 32.405 32.499 3.472 4.496 3.941 5.164 5.825 3.691 13.660 13.899 17.147 16.898 18.321 17.104 1.628 3.948 3.561 2.372 3.322 33.421 42.895 12.467 11.400 13.396 11.135 95 62 30 6 50 94 8.548 6.880 12.506 14.202 17.749 16.797 706 744 383 258 373 297 3.472 4.496 3.941 5.164 5.825 3.691 -1.628 3.948 3.561 2.372 3.322 -6 5 95 62 30 50 94 706 139.494 744 132.903 383 150.656 258 162.354 373 162.213 297 154.951 -Rata-rata Pertumbuhan - 5,01% 5 Average growth 107.169 154.951 139.494 132.903 150.656 162.354 162.213 East Kalimantan Sumber: Dinas PertanianRata-rata TanamanPertumbuhan Pangan& Hortikultura, 2009 5,01% Province, 2009 Source: Bureau of Agricultural Crops Plantation of East Kalimantan
2009 21.909 29.040 2009 18.502 21.909 19.439 29.040 14.901 18.502 14.000 18.395 19.439 4.468 14.901 3.425 14.000 312 18.395 235 4.468 3.425 312 235 144.625 144.625
Average growth
Tabel 8. Table 8.
Perkembangan Produksi Padi Ladang di Kalimantan Timur Selama Periode 2001-2008 (ton) Development of production of non-irrigated rice field in East Kalimantan Year of 20012008 (Ton)
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
Perkembangan produktivitas padi (padi sawah dan padi ladang) di Kalimantan Timur selama periode 2001-2008 berkisar antara 28.8937.25 kw/ha atau rata-rata 33,67 kw/ha, sedangkan rata-rata laju pertumbuhannya adalah 3.14% (Tabel 9).
The productivity of rice in East Kalimantan kw/ha-49.13 ranged between 26.18 kw / ha with 3.14% growth rate during the period 2001-2008. Rice productivity developments are presented in Table 9.
Tabel 9.
Perkembangan produktivitas Padi di Kalimantan Kabupaten/Kota Selama Periode 2001-2008 (kw/ha)
Table 9.
Development of productivity of rice field in East Kalimantan Year of 2001-2008 20012008
No
Kabupaten/Kota
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Pasir Kutai Barat Kutai Kertanegara Kutai timur Berau Malinau Bulungan Nunukan Penajam Paser Utara Balikpapan Samarinda Tarakan Bontang Kaltim
District/City
East Kalimantan
2003
2004
2005
2006
Timur
2007
menurut
2001
2002
2008
29.25 23.73 32.22 27.78 25.27 23.83 28.95 31.36 21.00 32.92 31.88
29.44 23.61 34.24 24.06 24.67 24.03 25.83 29.30 21.96 32.38 31.88
29.49 22.57 39.12 28.27 25.21 23.74 27.50 36.69 37.47 29.66 40.09 32.11
30.62 24.47 42.07 26.71 25.39 25.55 27.24 40.13 38.83 30.24 43.80 32.14
31.00 25.76 44.87 26.17 25.95 25.36 25.98 39.71 48.37 30.73 39.33 32.00
31.90 26.68 44.58 26.82 26.46 25.82 26.20 40.63 49.13 30.10 45.86 31.87
32.49 26.66 46.18 26.39 27.68 25.86 25.84 42.72 48.27 31.99 44.35 34.00 32.01
32.90 26.70 46.29 26.18 28.68 25.71 28.18 41.67 49.13 34.97 44.94 28.29 32.00
29.23
28.89
31.68
34.40
35.43
35.95
36.50
37.25
Sumber : Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Propinsi Kalimantan Timur, 2009. Source: Bureau of Agricultural Crops Plantation of East Kalimantan Province, 2009.
Jika dilihat dari perkembangan produktivitas di masing-masing Kabupaten/ Kota pada tahun 2008, maka produktivitas cukup tinggi dihasilkan oleh Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara, Kutai Kartanegara, Kota Samarinda dan Nunukan yaitu berturut-turut 49,13; 46,29; 44,94; dan 41,67 kw/ha (Tabel 9). Selanjutnya jika dilihat dari perkembangan produktivitas padi sawah di Kalimantan Timur selama periode 2001-2008 diperoleh produktivitas berkisar antar 33,71-45,15 kw/ha atau rata-rata 40,99 kw/ha. Berdasarkan produktivitas rata-rata Kalimantan Timur, maka pertumbuhan rata-rata padi sawah per tahun adalah 3,82%. Sedangkan bila dilihat dari perkembangan produktivitas padi sawah di masing-masing Kabupaten pada tahun 2008, maka produktivitas tertinggi dihasilkan oleh Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara yaitu 51,53 kw/ha dan yang terendah dihasilkan oleh Kota Tarakan yaitu 28,29 kw/ha (Tabel 10).
Table 9 shows that the districts/cities with the highest productivity are district of Penajam Paser, reaching 49.13 kw/ha, followed by Kutai Kartanegara, Samarinda, district of Nunukan, and Pasir. District with the highest productivity of paddy rice is district of Penajam Paser with 51.53 kw/ha, followed by district of Kukar with 48.74 kw/ha. In detail, the development of lowland rice productivity in 2001-2008 is presented in Table 10.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Tabel 10. Perkembangan Produktivitas Padi Sawah di Kalimantan Timur Selama Periode 2001-2008 (Kw/ha) Table 10.
Development of productivity of irrigated rice field in East Kalimantan Year of 20012008 (Kw/ha) Kab/Kota
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
District/City
Pasir Kutai Barat Kutai Kartanegara Kutai Timur Berau Malinau Bulungan Nunukan Penajam Pasir Utara Balikpapan Samarinda Tarakan Bontang Kaltim East Kalimantan
Rata-rata Pertumbuhan Average growth
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
33,58 33,06 34,46 33,11 33,39 32,66 33,25 32,13 30,00 33,51 31,88
33,99 30,29 36,34 31,96 31,98 31,37 31,83 31,31 33,26 32,88 31,88
37,66 37,59 41,90 32,86 32,37 33,75 35,41 38,76 38,34 39,29 41,28 32,11
35,12 29,17 44,41 39,96 32,41 35,15 32,97 44,55 40,84 34,62 44,51 32,14
36,01 31,76 48,02 39,57 31,96 35,82 32,91 45,04 51,53 33,41 39,76 32,00
37,05 32,56 47,64 40,14 30,29 36,11 32,05 45,22 51,23 40,48 46,57 32,00
37,04 32,67 49,30 39,70 33,88 35,90 32,80 45,29 50,35 35,88 45,32 33,00 32,00
37,39 32,72 48,74 36,48 34,27 35,95 39,29 45,32 51,53 43,61 45,31 28,29 32,00
33,71
34,35
39,33
41,60
44,40
44,51
44,91
45,15
3,82 %
Sumber: Statistik Dinas Pertanian Provinsi dan Kabupaten, 2009. Source:
Bureau of Agriculture of East Kalimantan Province, 2009.
Sementara itu bila dilihat dari perkembangan produktivitas padi ladang di Kalimantan Timur Selama Periode 2001-2008 diperoleh produktivitas berkisar antar 22,11-24,87 kw/ha atau rata-rata 23,58 kw/ha. Berdasarkan produktivitas rata-rata Kalimantan Timur, maka pertumbuhan rata-rata padi ladang per tahun adalah 1,19%. Jika dilihat dari perkembangan produktivitas padi ladang di masing-masing Kabupaten pada tahun 2008, maka produktivitas tertinggi dihasilkan oleh Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara yaitu 30,33 kw/ha, sedangkan yang terendah dihasilkan oleh Kota Samarinda yaitu 20,00 kw/ha (Tabel 11).
The productivity of paddy fields in East Kalimantan for 24.27 kw/ha. District with the highest productivity of paddy fields is the district of Kukar 30.33 kw/ha, followed by Pasir District for 27.79 kw/ha. The development of productivity of paddy fields during the last 8 years (2001-2008) is presented in Table 11.
Tabel 11. Perkembangan Produtivitas Padi Ladang di Kalimantan Timur Selama Periode 2001-2008 (Kw/ha) Table 11.
Development of productivity of non-irrigated rice field in East Kalimantan Year of 2001-2008 (Kw/ha)
No.
Kabupaten/Kota
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Pasir Kutai Barat Kutai Kartanegara Kutai Timur Berau Malinau Bulungan Nunukan Penajam Pasir Utara Balikpapan Samarinda Tarakan Bontang
District/City
Kaltim
East Kalimantan
Pertumbuhan Rata-rata Average growth
2001
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
22,73 22,25 23,10 22,15 21,35 21,31 21,03 20,78 20,69 21,54 -
2002 22,43 22,28 24,71 22,13 21,88 21,58 21,36 20,88 20,73 21,80 -
23,94 20,18 26,63 22,30 21,80 21,77 21,07 30,42 26,47 20,67 21,69 -
26,19 23,81 25,71 22,58 22,53 21,84 22,85 23,34 25,00 20,00 21,39 -
26,56 24,68 27,92 22,61 23,14 21,82 22,33 24,74 24,38 20,00 21,47 -
26,51 25,99 29,37 23,67 24,71 21,85 22,22 24,43 22,92 20,00 22,06 -
27,75 26,08 29,29 24,19 23,46 21,85 20,24 25,49 24,13 20,00 21,87 -
27,79 26,08 30,33 20,54 24,70 21,85 20,15 25,47 24,12 20,00 22,15 -
22,11
22,31
22,55
23,55
24,14
24,81
24,87
24,27
1,19%
Sumber: Statistik Dinas Pertanian Provinsi dan Kabupaten, 2009. Source:
Bureau of Agriculture of East Kalimantan Province, 2009.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE 3.2.
Teknis Produksi
3.2.
Production technique
3.2.1.
Budidaya Padi Sawah
3.2.1.
Rice field cultivation
Tanaman padi dapat tumbuh baik lahan sawah maupun pada lahan kering. Untuk dapat tumbuh dan berproduksi secara optimal, tanaman padi memerlukan persyaratan lahan yang spesifik. Adapun kesesuaian lahan untuk pertanaman padi sawah disajikan pada Tabel 12. Beberapa tahapan yang dilakukan dalam budidaya padi sawah diantaranya yaitu: persemaian, persiapan/pengolahan lahan, penanaman, pemupukan, penyiangan/pengendalian gulma, pengendalian hama dan penyakit, dan panen. 1. Persemaian Persemaian dilakukan 25 hari sebelum tanam, persemaian dilakukan pada petak persemaian yang telah disiapkan dan letaknya berdekatan dengan petakan sawah yang akan ditanami. Hal ini untuk memudahkan pengangkutan bibit dan mengurangi resiko stress pada bibit pada waktu penanaman. Sebelum semai benih terlebih dahulu di seleksi dengan cara perendaman untuk memisahkan benih yang bernas dengan benih yang hampa. Setiap 1 ha lahan sawah diperlukan benih sekitar 25 – 30 kg. Penyemaian dilakukan dengan cara menyebarkan benih pada petak persemaian kemudian ditutup dengan lapisan tanah tipis untuk menghindarkan benih dari ancaman burung. 2. Persiapan/Pengolahan Tanah Sambil menunggu bibit siap tanam maka dilakukan persiapan lahan dengan cara membersihkan lahan dari segala kotoran atau sisasisa tanaman padi atau gulma yang diikuti dengan pengolahan tanah. Pengolahan tanah dimaksudkan untuk (i). menyediakan bidang olah tanah yang kedap air untuk mencegah kehilangan air pada waktu penggenangan; (ii). menyediakan kondisi optimum bagi akar agar dapat tumbuh dan berkembang; (iii) menyediakan hara bagi tanaman; dan (iv). mengendalikan gulma . Bersamaan dengan pengolahan tanah juga dilakukan normalisasi pematang sawah dan selokan/saluran mikro untuk memudahkan keluar masuk air pada saat penggenangan dan pengeringan. Pengolahan tanah diawali penggenangan lahan dengan air selama 2-3 hari dan dilanjutkan dengan pembajakan tanah. Setelah pembajakan, tanah selanjutnya digaru untuk menghancurkan gumpalan-gumpalan tanah dan meratakan tanah. Penggaruan dilakuan 2 -3 kali agar tanah benarbenar matang dan siap ditanami.
Paddy is a unique plant that can grow in stagnant water or on dry land. According to Ismunadji and Roechan (1988), paddy fields have an advantage with the availability of adequate water for growth. The advantage is gained because of the availability of nitrogen in a stagnant state higher than the state does not stagnate. Suitability of land for planting rice paddy fields are presented in Table 12. Some stages are made to farmers in lowland rice cultivation among others are: nurseries, land management, planting, fertilizing, weeding, pest control and harvesting. 1. Nurseries and Seedbed preparations Seedbeds are prepared 25 days prior to the planting, breeding done on the same land or adjacent to field blocks to be planted. This is practiced to ensure that fresh seeds that are ready to move are transferred timely. If they are in remote locations, far from the seedling locations, the seeds will undergo stress condition due to transportations and time. One hectare field requires 20-25 Kg of fresh seeds. The seed should not bury into the soil as it may cause sprout infections caused by sprout rot pathogens. Fertilization of the seedbed of land is roughly done one week after planting the seeds (sowing method). Average uses of fertilizers are: Urea 2.5 Kg, TSP 2.5 Kg, and KCL 1 Kg. 2. Soil plough Processing aims to change the physical properties of soil to the original hard layer becomes flat and silt. As a result, weeds will die and decompose into humus, soil aeration becomes better. The bottom layer of soil is water saturated, then, makes a perfect condition to conserve water. In this rice cultivation, improvements are also made to arrange paddy dikes and ditches. Rice causeway (galengan) is strived to keep and to facilitate better irrigation system, so that no wasting water as well as making plant treatment easier. Stages of cultivation of land by farmers as follows (i) Rice causeway is cleaned from grass and weeds, arranged to improve better channeling. The major function of rice causeway is to retain as much water as possible during the plough stage so, it will not dry. Other function is related to water management during paddy cultivation; (ii) After constructing rice causeway, plowing and harrowing are carried out. Each end should be plowed to make plough stage easier. Soil processing is done at the same time; (iii) Plowing and harrowing are two related activities. Both of these activities aim to silt up the rice land and readily plant with rice. Soil processing is done by using a machine with a tractor and animal power.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Tabel 12. Kriteria kesesuaian lahan untuk padi sawah Table 12. Criteria of soil finess for paddy cultivation Kriteria Criteria
Penilaian Scoring
S1
S2
S3
N1
N2
24-29
>29-32 22-<24
>32-35 18-<22
Td
>35 <18
Bulan kering
(<75)
<3
3-<9
9-9.5
Td
>9.5
Curah hujan/tahun
(mm)
>1500
1200-1500
800-<1200
-
<800
(han)
90-240
75-90
75-90
<75
<75
Terhambat
Terhambat,
Sedang,Baik
Cepat
Sangat cepat
SCL,SiL, Si,CL
SL, L,SiCL, C,SiC
LS, Str ,C
>50
40-50
25-40
Td
<20
(cm)
-
Saprik
Hemik
Saprik-hemik
Fibrik
(cm)
-
<100
100-150
>150-200
>200
≥Sedang
Rendah
Sangat rendah
-
-
5.5-7.0
>8.0-8.5 4.0-<4.5 -
-
-
>7.0-8.0 4.5-5.5 -
-
>8.5 <4.0 -
<3.5
3.5-5.0
>5.0-6.6
6.6-8.0
>8.0
>75
60-75
40-<60
30-<40
<30
≥sedang
rendah
Sangat rendah
-
-
sedang
Rendah-Sangat rendah
-
-
rendah
Sangat rendah
-
-
-
Sangat keras
Temperatur
(t)
Temperature
(oC)
Rata-rata Tahunan Yearly average
Ketersediaan air
(w)
Water availability
Dry month
Rainfai rate/year
LGP LGP
Media Perakaran
(r)
Root supporting media
Drainase Tanah
Inhibited
Soil drainage
Tekstur Texture
Kedalaman Gambut
efektif
Peat soil effective thickness
Kematangan Maturity
Ketebalan
Inhibited
Medium, good
rapid
Very fast
Kerikil,pasir rocky,sand
Thickness
Retensi Hara
(f)
Nutrient Reference
KTK tanah KTK of soil
≥medium
pH tanah pH of soil
(%)
C-organik C-organics
Kegaraman Salting status
Salinitas
low
Very low
(c) (mmhos/cm)
Salinity
Toksisitas
(x)
Toxicity
Kejenuhan Al
(%)
Kedalaman Sulfidik
(cm)
Al saturation
Sulfidic thickness
Hara Tersedia
(n)
Required Nutrient
Total N
≥medium
≥Tinggi
P2O5
≥high
≥medium
≥medium
low
≥sedang
K2O Kemudahan pengolahan
(p)
Easiness of plowing
low
-
berkerikil, berbatu
Very rough
Small rock, rough
Very tight
Very sticky
(s/m)
Lereng
(%)
<3
3-8
>8-15
>15-25
>25
Batuan Permukaan
(%)
<3
3-15
>15-40
Td
>40
Singkapan Batuan
Slopes
Rocky survaces
(%)
<2
2-10
>10-25
>25-40
>40
Tingkat Bahaya Erosi
(e)
SR
R
S
B
SB
Bahaya Banjir
(b)
F0-1
F2
F3
F4
F4
Open rocks
Level of landslide
Flooding status Keterangan - Notes:
Td : Tidak Berlaku – Not relevant Si : Debu - Dust S : Pasir - Sand L : Lempung - Clay Str. C : Liat berstruktur - Structured coarse Liat masif : Liat dan tipe 2:1 (vertisol) - Coarse & type 2:1 (vertisol) Sumber : Hardjowigeno dan Widiatmaka, 2001 Source
Very low
Sangat lekat
Consistency, size of granules Terrain/Mechanization potential
low-Very low
Sangat teguh
Konsistensi, besar butir
Terrain/Potensi Mekanisasi
Very low
: Hardjowigeno dan Widiatmaka, 2001
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
3.
Penanaman Setelah persiapan lahan siap dan bibit berumur 15-21 hari maka dapat dilakukan penanaman. Bibit ditanam dengan posisi tegak dan dalam satu lubang ditanam 2-3 bibit, dengan kedalaman tanam 2-3 cm. Jarak tanam yang digunakan adalah 20 x 20 cm; 25 x 25 cm atau 30 x 30 cm, tergantung kondisi lahan dan ketersediaan irigasi. 4. Pemupukan Dosis pupuk tanaman padi sawah sangat dipengaruhi oleh jenis dan tingkat kesuburan tanah, sejarah pemupukan yang diberikan dan jenis padi yang ditanam. Penggunaan dosis pupuk untuk padi sawah untuk lahan satu ha biasanya adalah Urea 200 Kg. SP36 250-300 Kg, dan KCl 100 Kg. Pemberian pupuk diberikan dalam dua tahap yaitu pada awal tanam dan 1 bulan setelah tanam. primordia (bunting) dengan setengah dosis pupuk Urea dan KCl. Pemupukkan dilakukan pada pagi hari antar pukul 7.00 – 10.00 dengan cara disebar merata pada petakan sawah. 5. Penyiangan/pengendalian gulma Penyiangan/pengendalian gulma dilakukan setiap dua minggu sekali sampai tanaman berumur 2 bulan setelah tanam. Penyiangan dapat dilakukan secara manual dengan cara mencabut gulma yang tumbuh disekitar tanaman, atau dengan menggunakan gasrok/. Penyiangan pertama biasanya dilakukan bersamaan dengan penggenangan petak sawah (2 minggu setelah tanam) dan kegiatan penyulaman bila ada bibit yang tidak tumbuh. 6. Pengendalian Hama dan Penyakit Hama yang banyak menyerang tanaman padi adalah keong emas, orong-orong, beluk/sundep, wereng coklat, penggerek batang, ulat grayak, walang sangit, burung pipit dan tikus. Umumnya petani melakukan pengendalian hama dan penyakit menggunakan pestisida (insektisida) secara kontinyu setiap 2 minggu atau apabila tanaman menunjukkan gejala serangan. 7.
Panen Hasil padi yang berkualitas tidak hanya diperoleh dari penanganan budidaya yang baik saja, tetapi juga didukung oleh penanganan panennya. Secara umum, padi dapat di panen pada umur antara 110 – 115 hari setelah tanam . Kriteria tanaman padi yang siap dipanen adalah sebagai berikut: 1. Umur tanaman tersebut telah mencapai umur yang tertera pada deskripsi varietas tersebut. 2. Daun bendera dan 80% bulir padi telah menguning. 3. Malai padi menunduk karena menopang bulirbulir yang bernas. 4. Butir gabah terasa keras bila ditekan. Apabila dikupas, tampak isi butir gabah berwarna putih dan keras bila di gigit.Biasanya gabah tersebut memiliki kadar air 22-25%.
3.
Planting stage After land preparation was done, the fields are ready to be planted by seedlings. Seeds are usually transferred at the age of 20 to 25 days. Seed traits are ready to move. The characteristics are 5-6 strands of leafy, 22-25 cm high, rootstocks are large and strong enough, free from diseases and pests, and have uniform growths. Seedlings planted in an upright position and 2-3 seeds planted in one hole, the planting depth is 2 cm, because if less than 2 cm seed will easily washed away. Rice planting distance is usually 20 x 20 cm, 25 x 25 cm or 30 x 30 cm depend of land condition and water supply. 4. Fertilizing Manure crops of paddy rice fields are strongly influenced by the type and level of soil fertility, fertilization history and the type of rice that is planted. The use of manure for paddy rice for one hectare of land is usually urea 200 Kg. SP-36 250300 Kg, and 100 Kg KCL. Fertilization was conducted twice in a single cultivation (production) of paddy. The first fertilization was made during 12day-old plants with manure fertilizer demand a third of the total, while the rest of the dosage of fertilizers in the second stage is approximately at 40-day-old plants. Fertilizing is conducted in the morning (7,0010,00) with spread methode in rice field. 5. Weeding (weed control) Plant maintenance and treatment are crucial in the implementation of paddy cultivation. Things that are often done by the farmers are weeding (weed control). Weeding is done is by pulling weeds and off with or without using a tool, this weeding is usually done simultaneously with the stitching activities. 6. Spraying (Insecticide) Pests and diseases are often found attacking the rice crop, namely paddy stem borers, Walang Sangit, plant hopper and the grasshopper. Control of pests and diseases that do the farmers is to use or spray the insecticide. 7. Harvesting Results of quality rice is not only derived from the cultivation of good handling, but also supported by the harvest handling. Optimum harvest time is achieved if the grains are visibly old or mature. Harvest time affects the amount of production, grain quality, and quality of rice to be produced. Delay in harvesting will cause decreasing production due to falling grain lot. When the harvest is too early, it will cause low quality grains, lots of broken rice when milled, green grained, and limestone-like hard-grain. In general, rice can be harvested at the age of between 110 to 115 days after planting.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
3.2.2.
Proses Penanganan Pasca Panen Padi Penanganan pasca panen padi meliputi beberapa tahap kegiatan yaitu penentuan saat panen, pemanenan, penumpukan sementara di lahan sawah, pengumpulan padi di tempat perontokan, penundaan perontokan, perontokan, pengangkutan gabah ke rumah petani, pengeringan gabah, pengemasan dan penyimpanan gabah, penggilingan, pengemasan dan pe-nyimpanan beras. 1. Penentuan Saat Panen Penentuan saat panen merupakan tahap awal dari kegiatan penanganan pasca panen padi. Ketidaktepatan dalam penentuan saat panen dapat mengakibatkan kehilangan hasil yang inggi dan mutu gabah/beras yang rendah. Penentuan saat panen dapat dilakukan berdasarkan pengamatan visual dan pengamatan teoritis. a. Pengamatan Visual Pengamatan visual dilakukan dengan cara melihat kenampakan padi pada hamparan lahan sawah. Berdasarkan kenampakan visual, umur panen optimal padi dicapai apabila 80 90 % butir gabah pada malai padi sudah berwarna kuning atau kuning keemasan. Padi yang dipanen pada kondisi tersebut akan menghasilkan gabah berkualitas baik dan menghasilkan rendemen giling yang tinggi. b. Pengamatan Teoritis Pengamatan teoritis dilakukan dengan melihat deskripsi varietas padi dan mengukur kadar air dengan moisture tester. Berdasarkan deskripsi varietas padi, umur panen padi yang tepat adalah 28-35 hari setelah tanaman berbunga 50%. Berdasarkan kadar air, umur panen optimum dicapai setelah kadar air gabah mencapai 22 – 23 % pada musim kemarau, dan antara 24 – 26 % pada musim penghujan (Damardjati, 1974; Damardjati et al, 1981). 2. Pemanenan Pemanenan padi dilakukan pada umur panen yang tepat, menggunakan alat dan mesin panen yang memenuhi persyaratan teknis, kesehatan, ekonomi dan ergonomis, serta menerapkan sistem panen yang tepat. Ketidaktepatan dalam melakukan pemanenan padi dapat mengakibatkan kehilangan hasil yang tinggi dan mutu hasil yang rendah. Pada tahap ini, kehilangan hasil dapat mencapai 5-7 % apabila pemanen padi dilakukan secara tidak tepat. a. Umur Panen Padi Pemanenan padi harus dilakukan pada umur panen yang memenuhi persyaratan sebagai berikut : (a) 80 – 90 % gabah dari malai sudah menguning. (b) Malai berumur 28 – 35 hari setelah berbunga merata. (c) Kadar air gabah 22 – 26 % yang diukur dengan moisture tester.
Criteria of optimum harvesting time of rice are: 1. Age of these plants has reached the age listed in the description of these varieties. 2. Flag leaf and 90% grain rice has yellowed. 3. Rice panicle down because grains are heavy. 4. Grain is hard when pinched. When grains are peeled, they seemed to content white and hard grains. It usually has water content of 22-25% 3.2.2.
Post Harvest Paddy Processing Post harvest processing of paddy follows several stages: deciding harvesting time, harvesting, temporary piling in rice fields, paddy collecting in threshing area, delaying time during threshing, threshing, grain transportation to farmer’s houses, drying grain, packaging and storing grain, milling, packaging and storing rice. 1. Calculating Harvesting time To predict a correct time for harvesting is the first step of post harvest processing of rice. Incorrect timing will cause under productivity and increase chance to produce lower quality of rice. Timing is calculated based on visual appearance and theoretical prediction. a. Visual observation Visual appearances of ripe paddy grain are easily observed on the fields. The optimal harvest age is when the rice reached 90 to 95% maturity of rice grains and the panicle colors are yellow or golden yellow. Rice harvested in these conditions will produce a good quality and a high milling yield. b. Theoretical calculation Theoretical observations are made by looking at the description of rice varieties and measured the water content using the moisture tester. Based on the description of rice varieties, appropriate rice harvesting age is 28 to 35 days after flowering or between 135 to 145 days after planting. Based on water content, optimum harvest age attained after the grain moisture content was 22 - 23% in the dry season, and between 24 to 26% in the rainy season (Damardjati, 1974; Damardjati et al, 1981). 2. Harvesting Harvesting the rice should be done at the right harvesting age, uses tools and machines that are recommended based on the technical requirements, health, economic and ergonomics. It should also implement appropriate harvesting systems. Inaccuracies in rice harvesting can result in loss of high and low quality results. At this stage, loss of 9.52% can be achieved when the rice harvester is used incorrectly. a. Age of matured paddy Harvesting paddy should be accomplished after paddy is matured, which is recognized from these characteristics:
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE b. Alat dan Mesin Pemanen Padi Alat atau mesin yang digunakan untuk memanen padi harus sesuai dengan jenis varietas padi yang akan dipanen. Pada saat ini, alat dan mesin untuk memanen padi telah berkembang mengikuti berkembangnya varietas baru yang dihasilkan. Alat pemanen padi telah berkembang dari ani-ani menjadi sabit biasa kemudian menjadi sabit bergerigi dengan bahan baja yang sangat tajam dan terakhir telah diintroduksikan reaper, stripper dan combine harvester. 3. Perontokan Perontokan merupakan tahap penanganan pasca panen setelah pemotongan, penumpukan dan pengumpulan padi. Pada tahap ini, kehilangan hasil akibat ketidaktepatan dalam melakukan perontokan dapat mencapai lebih dari 9 %. Cara perontokan padi telah mengalami perkembangan dari cara digebot menjadi menggunakan pedal thresher dan power thresher. 4. Penyimpanan Penyimpanan merupakan tindakan untuk mempertahankan gabah/beras agar tetap dalam keadaan baik dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Kesalahan dalam melakukan penyimpanan gabah/beras dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya respirasi, tumbuhnya jamur, dan serangan serangga, binatang mengerat dan kutu beras yang dapat menurunkan mutu gabah/beras. Cara penyimpanan gabah/beras dapat dilakukan dengan : (1) sistem curah, yaitu gabah yang sudah kering dicurahkan pada suatu tempat yang dianggap aman dari gangguan hama maupun cuaca, dan (2) cara penyimpanan menggunakan kemasan/wadah seperti karung plastik, karung goni, dan lain-lain. 5. Penggilingan Penggilingan merupakan proses untuk mengubah gabah menjadi beras. Proses penggilingan gabah meliputi pengupasan sekam, pemisahan gabah, penyosohan, pengemasan dan penyimpanan. Teknologi Pengolahan Padi Pengolahan padi menjadi beras, secara prinsip, melibatkan tahapan yang sederhana yakni (i) pemisahan kotoran, (ii) pengeringan dan penyimpanan padi, (iii) pengupasan kulit (husking), (iv) penggilingan (milling), dan (v) pengemasan dan distribusi (Gambar 11). Pemisahan kotoran dari padi hasil panen di sawah dilakukan karena masih banyak terbawa kotoran lain seperti jerami, gabah hampa, daun, batang bahkan benda lain yang tidak lazim seperti batu dan pasir. Kotoran ini akan mengganggu proses pengeringan terutama penyerapan kalori dan penghambatan proses pergerakan padi pada tahapan berikutnya.
(a) 80 – 90 % grain color is yellow. (b) Panicles are not less than 20 – 25 days old after flowering. (c) Water content should be 22 – 26 %, measured using moisture tester. b. Harvesting machineries Paddy harvesting should be accomplished using technically recommended machineries. There are other standards on health, economics, and ergonomics for the machines. Harvesting contraptions should also specifics to paddy cultivars. Recently, equipments and machineries are developed and specialized to each types of paddy. Tools are better over the time, from the “ani-ani” to common crescentshape blades to serrated crescent-shape blade, and following then, those are replaced by reaper, stripper and combine harvester. 3. Threshing Defoliation or threshing is a stage following to cutting, collecting, and piling the paddy. In this stage, loss due to incorrect the use of contraptions can mount to more than 5 %. Threshing technique has also been evolved, from manual blotting to man powered thresher and automatic power thresher. 4. Storage Storage is an action to maintain grain / rice to remain in good condition within a certain period. Errors in storage of grain / rice may result in respiration, the growth of fungi, and insects, animals and ticks sliver of rice that can reduce the quality of grain / rice. Storage of grain / rice can be done by: (1) bulk system, i.e. the dried grain poured out on a place that is considered safe from pests and weather, and (2) how to use the package storage container such as plastic bags, gunny bags, and others. 5. Milling Milling is a process to convert grain into rice. Grain milling process involves stripping the husk, grain separation, penyosohan, packaging and storage.
3.2.3.
3.2.3.
Paddy Processing Technology The principle of rice processing can be broken down into some simple steps: (i) dirt separation, (ii) drying and storing paddy, (iii) husking, (iv) milling, and (v) packging and distribution (Figure 11). During harvesting, dirt and soil are usually carried out from rice field; those include jerami, leaves, stems, and unwanted materials like small stones and sand. These dirts will affect drying stage, especially the absorption of calories and inhibition of movement of the grain at a later stage.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Kadar air padi hasil panen sangat bervariasi antara 18–25%, bahkan dalam beberapa kasus dapat lebih besar. Pengeringan dilakukan untuk mengurangi kadar air sampai sekitar 14-15% sehingga memudahkan dan mengurangi kerusakan dalam penyosohan dan proses selanjutnya. Kadar air yang terlalu tinggi menyulitkan pengupasan sekam dan menyebabkan kerusakan (pecah atau hancur) karena tekstur yang lunak. Penyosohan adalah pengupasan sekam padi yang merupakan tahapan paling penting dari keseluruhan proses. Penglupasan sekam adalah transformasi padi menjadi beras yang secara prinsip sudah dapat dimasak untuk dimakan. Proses selanjutnya hanyalah penyempurnaan dari penyosohan dan untuk meningkatkan kebersihan. Gabungan dari sosoh serta kebersihan dan keutuhan biji adalah ukuran mutu beras putih. Tahapan penggilingan adalah proses penyempurnaan penyosohan dan pelepasan lapisan penutup butir beras. Teknologi penggilingan sudah sangat berkembang untuk menghasilkan beras putih yang baik. Proses ini dibagi lagi menjadi penyosohan, pemutihan (whitening) dan pengkilapan (shining). Walaupun demikian, inti proses ini adalah untuk memisahkan lapisan penutup semaksimal mungkin. Selain proses utama tersebut ada beberapa tambahan yakni operasi pemisahan yang dimaksudkan untuk mendapatkan beras putih utuh dan murni. Oleh karena itu, proses pemisahan terdiri dari pemisahan kotoran atau bahan asing (seperti batu, daun dan benda asing lainnya) dan pemisahan beras yang kurang baik (muda, busuk, berjamur, berwarna dan rusak/pecah). Perkembangan permintaan beras tanpa kerusakan yang semakin meningkat mendorong perkembangan teknologi yang semakin canggih. Dalam konteks inilah berkembang teknologi pemisah batu, pemisah beras berdasarkan warna (color sorter), pemisah biji pecah (rotary shifter) dan pemisah biji menurut panjang (lenght grader).
Water contents from paddy at the harvesting vary from 18–25%, and in most cases even higher than 25%. Drying should be carried out to reduce the water content to approximately 14%, thus making future treatment easier as well as reducing possible damage in the husking stage. High water content may cause problems during husk cracking, thus increasing possibility of the germs to crack due to soft texture. Following the husking stage, bran milling is another important stage, contributing to final quality of rice. Bran removal or milling is regarded as a transformation stage from paddy to ready to cooked rice. The following stages are to increase the cleanliness of the bran milling stage. A combination of milling, cleaning and fullness of the germs is the most important criteria for white rice. Milling is the process of completion and release bran layer of rice grains. Milling technology is highly developed to produce good white rice. This process is further subdivided into bran milling, bleaching (whitening) and shining. However, the core of this process is to separate the bran layer to the maximum extent possible. In addition to these main processes, some separation operations are conducted and intended to get the whole pure white rice. Therefore, the separation process consisting of separation of dirt or foreign material (such as stones, leaves and other foreign objects) and separation of rice that is less good (young, rotten, moldy, dark and damaged/broken). The increasing pure and white rice demand encourages the development of more sophisticated technology. In this context, stone separator is developend through the time, dividing the rice according to colors (color Sorter), cracked seed separator (rotary shifter) and separating the seeds by length (length grader).
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
Padi Kering Panen 105 %
3% :Kotoran (merang, butir muda, batu, pasir, debu) Pengeringan & Penyimpanan 102 %
2%:Susut Simpan Padi 100 % Husker
17%:Sekam Beras PK 83 %
Miller
11%:Dedak (9.99%), Beras Rusak (0.76%), Beras Putih
Beras Berwarna (0.25%)
72.00%
Gambar 11. Tahapan Utama Proses Pengolahan Beras Figure 11. Major stages in rice processing
Tahap akhir dari proses pengolahan adalah pengemasan yang ditujukan untuk memudahkan pengangkutan dan distribusi. Perkembangan terkini di bidang pengemasan menambah atribut maksud yakni estetika, dayatarik, informasi produk dan perbaikan daya simpan. Sebagai proses tambahan, sebelumnya pengemasan tidak berkembang karena selain volume pengolahan yang sangat kecil juga atribut mutu (sebagai perwujudan dari permintaan pembeli) masih sangat sedikit. Dewasa ini, teknologi pengemasan beras sudah sangat canggih yang meliputi keragaman bentuk, rupa, ukuran dan cara/metoda. Penyusunan profil usaha kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi ini terintegrasi dengan industri pengolahan. Pabrik pengolahan yang diusulkan berkapasitas 3T GKG/jam. Spesifikasi unit pengering berupa unit pengering berbahan bakar sekam atau batu bara, kapasitas 50/10 0/500 ton per hari yang dilengkapi Hopper Scale untuk mengontrol masukan bahan baku dan Paddy PreCleaner yang berfungsi memisahkan kotoran sawah, jerami dan lain-lain dari pada gabah yang akan diproses.
The final stage of the manufacturing process is packaging intended to facilitate the transportation and distribution. Recent developments in the field of packaging increase the aesthetic attributes of intention, attraction, and improved product information the store. As an additional process, packaging of yore did not develop because the volume of processing other than a very small also the quality attributes (as a manifestation of buyer demand) is still very little. Today, rice packaging technology is very sophisticated, including the diversity of form, shape, size and means/methods. Formulation of the business profile of cultivated area of rice-based farming is terintegrated with processing industry. The proposed processing plant capacity is 3 tonnes GKG/hour. Specifications of drying units fueled dryer units husk or coal, capacity 50/10 0/500 tons per day Hopper Scale equipped to control the input of raw materials and Paddy Pre-Cleaner which serves to separate dirt fields, hay and others from the grain to be processed.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
Spesifikasi untuk unit penggilingan terdiri atas: kapasitas 3, 6, 15 s/d 40 ton GKG per jam, rangkaian mesin mulai dari Proses Awal dan Proses Kualitas, terdiri dari Material Inlet, Pre-Cleaner, Timbangan Digital - Padi, Husker, Seperator, Destoner, Whitener, Polisher, Grader hingga Timbangan Digital produk akhir - Beras dan unit pengantongan/packing yang dilengkapi dengan Over Flow Cencors, Dust Filter Cyclone, Control Panel dll. Alur proses pengolahan padi dengan menggunakan mesin pengolahan P3M disajikan pada Gambar 12.
Specifications for the milling unit consisting of: capacity of 3, 6, 15 until GKG 40 tons per hour, set the machine started from the Start Process and Quality Process, consists of the Material Inlet, PreCleaner, Digital Scales - Rice, Husker, Seperator, Destoner, Whitener, polisher, Grader until the final product Digital Scales - Rice and pengantongan units / packing is equipped with Flow Over Cencors, Cyclone Dust Filter, Control Panel, etc.. Chronology of rice processing by using P3M processing machines is presented in Figure 12.
Process Flow GKP
GKG Inlet & Hpper Scale
Rotary Shifter
Material Inlet & Hpper Scale
Pre Cleaner
Length Grader
Pre - Cleaner
Paddy Husker
Control Feeder Gabah
Dryer
Husk Aspirator
Shutter Scale
Storage Tank
Paddy Separator
Sewing Machine
Proses Langsung ? T
Destoner Packaged Rice
Y Whitening + Husking Step 2
Drying Process
Penimbangan GKG Polishing
Milling Process
Penyimpanan GKG
Gambar 12. Alur Proses Pengolahan Padi Menggunakan P3M Figure 12. Chart of P3M Rice Processing Processes
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
BAB IV - CHAPTER IV KEBIJAKAN DAN INFRASTRUKTUR PENDUKUNG POLICY AND SUPPORTING INFRASTRUCTURES 4.1.
Sarana dan Prasarana Pengembangan investasi usaha kawasan pertanian berbasis padi telah didukung dengan tersedianya jaringan jalan, airport, pelabuhan laut, terminal, fasilitas air bersih dan listrik, serta hotel. 4.1.1. Pelabuhan Beserta Spesifikasinya Kalimantan Timur memiliki 15 pelabuhan kapal laut di 13 kabupaten kota. Pelabuhan kapal laut tersebut meliputi Tanah Grogot, Kuala Samboja, Sangatta, Sangkulirang, Tanjung Redeb, Sungai Nyamuk, Pulau Bunyu, Tanjung Selor, Nunukan, Balikpapan, Samarinda, Tarakan, Tanjung Laut, Lhok Tuan, dan Tanjung Santan. Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara memiliki pelabuhan ferry Penajam yang menjadi sarana penghubung antar kota dan antar propinsi dan sarana transportasi hasil pertanian antar pulau. Kabupaten Pasir memiliki 1 unit pelabuhan di daerah Tanah Grogot. Kutai Kertanegara memiliki 1 unit pelabuhan kapal laut di daerah Kuala Samboja. Nunukan memiliki 1 unit pelabuhan untuk kapal laut. 4.1.2. Airport Beserta Fasilitas Kalimantan Timur telah memiliki 16 bandara, dengan kualifikasi bandara internasional dan perintis yaitu Sepinggan Balikpapan, Temindung Samarinda, Juata Tarakan, Kalimarau Berau, Nunukan dan Tanjung Harapan Bulungan. Ketersediaan bandara ini mampu untuk memberikan dukungan bagi pengembangan investasi dan kegiatan ekonomi daerah. Kalimantan Timur memiliki bandara internasional Sepinggan di Balikpapan yang memiliki 27 operator maskapai penerbangan dengan 15 penerbangan terjadwal (schedule) seperti Garuda Indonesia, Merpati Airlines, Silk Air dan 12 penerbangan tidak terjadwal. Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara dan Kabupaten Pasir meskipun tidak memiliki pelabuhan udara, namun dengan kedekatan secara geografis dengan Kota Balikpapan yang memiliki bandara berkelas internasional akan memudahkan lintas transportasi ke daerah ini. Kutai Kertanegara memiliki pelabuhan udara di Senipah. Nunukan memiliki 1 unit pelabuhan udara. 4.1.3. Listrik Beserta Kapasitas Listrik merupakan utilitas yang amat penting untuk memasok kebutuhan industri di Kalimantan Timur. Sumber listrik hingga saat ini masih dipasok oleh Perusahaan Umum Listrik Negara dengan produksi pada tahun 2007 sebesar 1.799.906,17 MWh dengan kapasitas terpasang 414.44 MWh.
4.1.
Infrastructures To expand rice-based agricultural estate investation, it has to be supported by good access to transportation facilities, ports, airports, water and electricity, as well as hospitality industry. 4.1.1. Ports and their specifications East Kalimantan has 15 ports in 13 districs/cities, namely Tanah Grogot, Kuala Samboja, Sangatta, Sangkulirang, Tanjung Redeb, Sungai Nyamuk, Pulau Bunyu, Tanjung Selor, Nunukan, Balikpapan, Samarinda, Tarakan, Tanjung Laut, Lhok Tuan, and Tanjung Santan. The district of Penajam Paser Utara has ferry terminal, which is a main transportation hub between cities and provinces as well as to be a major terminal for agricultural product transportations. Paser has one port, located near by Tanah Grogot. Kutai Kertanegara also has a single unit of port in sub-district of Kuala Samboja. Nunukan has one port to large vessels. 4.1.2.
Airports and their facilities East Kalimantan has owned 16 airports. Among the 16 airport, Sepinggan airport of Balikpapan is the one which has international qualification. Others are pioneer (perintis) airport, namely Temindung Samarinda, Juata Tarakan, Kalimarau Berau, Nunukan and Tanjung Harapan Bulungan. These airports are the main economic driver to support development of people’s activities and invesment. The traffic of Sepinggan airport in Balikpapan is supported by 27 air transport operators, which 15 air transports have regular flights, namely Garuda Indonesia, Merpati Airlines, Sriwijaya Air and 12 of them have none regularly scheduled flights. Penajam Paser Utara and Pasir districts, although not having airport, have an acceptable geographical proximity to the city of Balikpapan, which the latter has an international-class airport that will facilitate transportation to access this area. Kutai Kartanegara has an airport in Senipah. Nunukan has 1 unit of airport. 4.1.3.
Capacity of Electricity Electricity is a utility that is very important to procure the needs of industry in East Kalimantan. Source of electricity to still be supplied by National Electric Company (PT PLN) with production in 2007 was 1799906.17 MWh from a capacity of 414.44 MWh.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara tahun 2007 memproduksi tenaga listrik sebesar 46.923,02 MWh dengan kapasitas terpasang 16,19MWh. Kabupaten Pasir memproduksi tenaga listrik sebesar 44.166,75 MWh dengan kapasitas terpasang 12,79 MWh. Kutai Kertanegara memproduksi tenaga listrik sebesar 621.425 MWh dengan kapasitas terpasang 99,96 MWh. Nunukan memproduksi tenaga listrik sebesar 34.095,93 MWh dengan kapasitas terpasang 14,17 MWh. 4.1.4. Air Bersih dan Kapasitasnya Jumlah perusahaan air minum pada tahun 2007 di Kalimantan Timur sebanyak 13 unit dengan status perusahaan milik pemerintah. Kapasitas Potensial yang dihasilkan 5.072 liter/detik. Kapasitas efektif 3.859 liter/detik,dengan efektifitas produksi 76,46 persen. 4.1.5. Hotel dan Restoran Kalimantan Timur sebagai daerah sentra perdagangan dan jasa, serta tujuan wisata terdapat sarana pendukung berupa hotel dan restoran. Jumlah hotel berbintang maupun non bintang pada tahun 2004 sebanyak 404 buah restoran. Hotel berbintang 17 buah yang memiliki 1.775 kamar dan 2.777 tempat tidur, sedangkan hotel melati 297 buah dengan 3.063 kamar dan 4.987 tempat tidur. Selain hotel, di Kalimantan Timur terdapat pula restoran sebanyak 912 buah. Keberadaan hotel dan restoran ini mendukung fasilitas bagi investor. 4.1.6. Sekolah/ PT/Lembaga Pendidikan Kalimantan Timur memiliki fasilitas pendidikan yang memadai dari pendidikan dasar hingga perguruan tinggi. Universitas Mulawarman (UNMUL) sebagai perguruan tinggi negeri di Kalimantan Timur memiliki Fakultas Pertanian yang mampu menyediakan tenaga ahli untuk kebutuhan pengembangan investasi Komoditi Kelapa. Di Kabupaten Pasir pun telah terdapat Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Pertanian (STIPER), Kutai Kertanegara terdapat pula Universitas Kutai Kartanegara (UNIKARTA) yang salah satunya memiliki jurusan Pertanian. Untuk wilayah utara Kalimantan, juga terdapat perguruan tinggi yaitu Universitas Borneo dan memiliki Fakultas Pertanian. Selain pendidikan formal, pelatihan-pelatihan pun dilaksanakan oleh lembaga-lembaga pelatihan swasta maupun oleh dinas tenaga kerja dan dinas teknis terkait. 4.1.7. Jalan/ transportasi Untuk memperlancar arus lintas bahan input maupun hasil Produksi kopra dan budidaya kelapa telah dibangun jalan lintas kalimantan yang terdiri 3 poros, yaitu poros selatan, tengah dan utara. Infrastruktur perhubungan darat yang tersedia telah memadai untuk angkutan antar kota dalam provinsi maupun antar kota antar provinsi.
Regency Penajam Paser Utara in 2007 to produce electricity at 46923.02 MWh with a capacity of 16.19 MWh. Bulungan produce electricity at 32484.73 MWh with a capacity of 12.32 MWh. Kutai Kertanagara produce electricity as much as 621,425 MWh with a capacity of 99.96 MWh. Nunukan produce electricity at 34095.93 MWh with a capacity of 14.17 MWh. 4.1.4. Drinking water in its capacity of production The total drinking water company in 2007 was 13 units with status of ownership, all belongs to local governments. The potential capacity was reportedly 5,072 liter/second, however the effective capacity was 3,859 liter/second or equivalent to 76.46 per cent of the potential capacity. 4.1.5. Hotels and Restaurants East Kalimantan as a regional center of trade and services and destinations, there are support facilities such as hotels and restaurants. The number of non-starred hotel in 2004 is 404 units. The population of starred hotel is 17 units which have 1,775 rooms and 2,777 beds. There are 297 hotels of jasmine category, which have 3,063 rooms and 4,987 beds. In addition to the hotel, in East Kalimantan, there are also restaurants as much as 912 units. The existence of the hotel and restaurant are as supporting facilities for investors. 4.1.6. Schools/Academy/Colleges East Kalimantan has an adequate number of educational facilities, ranged from basic to academic schools. The University of Mulawarman has a long reputation to be the oldest unicersity in East Kalimantan. It has agricultural faculty which can support the needs for skilled workers in ricebased agricultural estates. In Kutai Timur, there is also an academy of agriculture, namely STIPER, whereas in Kutai Kartanegara, University of Kutai Kartanegara offers agricultural studies. In northern region of East Kalimantan, there is the University of Borneo, which also offers agricultural studies. Despite formal educations, there are some formal training facilities supported by bureau of man power and technical departments in each local government as well as private institutions. 4.1.7. Roads/land transportations To facilitate the flows of input material and agricultural products from corn cultivation, the government has built roads three major road ways, the southern, center and northern roads. Land infrastructure that is available in recent days, is adequate for transportation between cities in the provinces and cities to other provinces.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Panjang jalan negara di seluruh wilayah Provinsi Kalimantan Timur pada tahun 2007 mencapai 1.539,70 km, jalan di bawah wewenang Provinsi 1.762,07 km, sedang jalan di bawah wewenang Kabupaten/Kota mencapai 5.283,04 km. Pembangunan jembatan seperti jembatan Dondang dan Mahakam II yang memperpendek jarak tempuh Samarinda-Balikpapan merupakan bagian dari pembangunan highway Bontang-SamarindaBalikpapan. Pembangunan jalan pintas utara Kalimantan Timur Sangata, Kutai Timur dan Tanjung Redeb, Berau akan mempercepat arus angkutan barang/jasa. 4.1.8. Perbankan/Asuransi Lembaga keuangan di Kalimantan Timur tahun 2007 yang berbentuk kantor bank berjumlah 302 unit. Dari 302 unit kantor bank tersebut, 107 unit berada di Kota Samarinda, 95 unit di Kota Balikpapan, 23 unit di Kota Bontang, 20 unit di Kota Tarakan dan 57 unit lainnya tersebar di 9 kabupaten lainnya. Posisi kredit bank yang telah disalurkan pada tahun 2007 berjumlah 24,61 trilyun rupiah, dengan jumlah kredit terbesar pada sektor pertambangan sebesar 5,34 trilyun rupiah, diikuti oleh sektor lainnya sebesar 4,87 trilyun rupiah, sektor perdagangan 4,35 trilyun rupiah, sektor jasa dunia usaha 3,3 trilyun rupiah, sektor konstruksi 2,59 trilyun rupiah dan selebihnya adalah untuk sektor Pertanian, Perindustrian, Pengangkutan serta Listrik, Gas dan Air. Sedangkan posisi deposito bank dirinci menurut kabupaten/kota sampai dengan Desember 2007 sebesar 10,63 trilyun rupiah. Untuk tabungan pada tahun 2007 (periode Januari-Desember) tercatat sekitar 1,65 juta penabung dengan nilai tabungan sebesar 12,99 trilyun rupiah, berarti setiap penabung mempunyai nilai tabungan rata-rata sebesar 7,86 juta rupiah. Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara memiliki 1 unit bank dan 141 koperasi (10 KUD, 15 koperasi pertanian/perkebunan, 8 koperasi peternakan, 1 unit koperasi tahu tempe, dan sisanya koperasi non pertanian). Kabupaten Pasir memiliki 14 unit bank dan 246 koperasi (38 KUD, 55 koperasi pertanian/perkebunan, 5 koperasi perikanan, 1 koperasi tahu tempe, dan sisanya koperasi non pertanian). Kutai Kertanegara memiliki 17 unit bank dan memiliki 440 koperasi (60 KUD, 67 koperasi pertanian/perkebunan, 12 koperasi perikanan, 3 koperasi peternakan, dan sisanya koperasi non pertanian). Nunukan memiliki 4 unit bank dan 23 koperasi (1 koperasi pertanian/perkebunan, dan sisnya koperasi non pertanian).
The length of roads in all regions of the country East Kalimantan Province in 2007 reached 1539.70 km roads under the authority of the Province of 1762.07 km, the road is under the authority district / city reached 5283.04 km. Construction of the bridge such as Dondang and Mahakam II bridges, is expected to cut mileage of Samarinda-Balikpapan. It is a part of development Daulatpur highway-Balikpapan-Samarinda. Development shortcut Sangata north of East Kalimantan, East Kutai and Tanjung Redeb, Berau will accelerate the flow of transportation of goods / services. 4.1.8. Banks and Inssurance Agencies The 2007 financial institutions in East Kalimantan include 302 banks, which 107 units are located in Samarinda, 95 units in Balikpapan, 23 units in Bontang, 20 units in Tarakan, and the last 57 units are serving people in other locations in the province. The banks perform financing facilities at 24.61 trillion rupiahs in 2007. The main financing facilities are given to mining industries, followed by mixed industries as many as 4.87 trillion rupiahs. The trading industry receives 4.35 trillion rupiahs in loan and services occupy 3.3 trillion rupiahs. Construction sector receives 2.59 trillion rupiahs, and the rest of loans is for agricultural, smallmedium-industries, transportations, power, gas, and water companies. The private savings standing until December of 2007 is 10.63 trillion rupiahs. For savings, the active bank account holders in 2007 (January to December) recorded as many as 1.65 million individuals which worth 12.99 trillion rupiah. The average per savings is 7.86 million rupiahs. The district of Penajam Paser Utara has 1 bank unit and 141 cooperative units (10 KUD, 15 agricultural/industrial plantation cooperatives, 8 animal husbandry cooperatives, 1 unit soybean product cooperatives, and rest of them are non agricultural cooperatives). Kutai Kertanegara has 17 bank units and 440 cooperative units (60 KUD, 67 agricultural/industrial plantation cooperatives, 12 fisheries cooperatives, 3 animal husbandry cooperatives, and rest of them are non agricultural cooperatives). Nunukan has 4 bank units and 23 cooperative units (1 agricultural/industrial plantation cooperatives, and rest of them are non agricultural cooperatives).
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE 4.2.
Legalitas Izin usaha pembukaan kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi di Kabupaten dan Kota di Kalimantan Timur mengacu kepada perundangan dan peraturan nasional yaitu Undang-undang Nomor 24 tahun 1994 tentang Sistem Budidaya Tanaman; Undang-undang Nomor 23 Tahun 1997 tentang pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup; Undangundang Nomor 24 Tahun 1997 tentang Tata Ruang (Lembaran Negara Tahun 1997 Nomor 73, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 3702; Undang-undang Nomor 24 Tahun 1999 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah; Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 25 Tahun 2000 tentang Kewenangan Pemerintah dan Kewenangan Propinsi Sebagai Daerah Otonomi (Lembaran Negara Tahun 2000 Nomor 54, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 3952); Keputusan Menteri Dalam Negeri dan Otonomi Daerah Nomor 21 Tahun 2001 Tentang Teknik Penyusunan dan Materi Muatan Produk Hukum Daerah; Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 357/pts/HK.350/5/2002 tentang Pedoman Perizinan Usaha Pertanian. Adapun izin kawasan budidaya berbasis padi di daerah harus memenuhi ketentuanketentuan sebagai berikut: 1. Usaha (Industri) Budidaya Berbasis Padi wajib mendaftarkan usahanya kepada Dinas; 2. IUP dapat diberikan kepada: a. Koperasi; b. Badan Usaha Milik Daerah; c. Badan Usaha Milik Nasional; d. Badan Usaha Swasta Nasional; e. Patungan Badan Usaha Nasional dengan Badan Usaha Asing. 3. Usaha (Industri) Pertanian Berbasis Padi wajib memiliki IUP, diberikan oleh Bupati/ Walikota; 4. IUP berlaku selama 30 tahun dan dapat diperpanjang dengan periode waktu yang sama; 5. Untuk memperoleh IUP, perusahaan harus menyampaikan permohonan kepada Bupati/Walikota melalui Kepala Dinas; 6. Perusahaan pemohon IUP harus melengkapi persyaratan permohonan berupa: a. Akte pendirian perusahaan dan perubahannya; b. Proposal mengenai usaha yang akan dijalankan yang telah disetujui oleh Kepala Dinas; c. Rencana kerja usaha industri pertanian berbasis padi; d. Dokumen AMDAL sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku; e. Rekomendasi dari dinas teknis; f. Nomor Pokok Wajib Pajak (NPWP) dan Nomor Pokok Wajib Pajak Daerah (NPWPD);
4.2.
Legal/Authorization Legal permission to open new agricultural field in cities and districts is regulated by national laws, which are Law no 24 year of 1994 for Agricultural Cultivation; Law no 23 year of 1997 for Environment; Law no 24 year of 1997 for Area Allocation (National Legal Sheet no 73 year of 1997, Addendum to National Legal Sheet no 3702); Law no 24 year of 1999 for local governance; Regulation no 25 year of 2000 for Central Government Authority and Provincial Autonomy (National Legal Sheet year of 2000 no 54, Addendum to National Legal Sheet no 3952); The Decree of the Minister of Home Affairs and Regional Autonomy no 21 year of 2001 for Composing and Contents of Local Government Regulations; Decree of Ministry of Agriculture no 357/pts/HK.350/5/2002 for Permission Guidelines in Agricultural Plantation.
The permission of the industrial based on paddy in the region must meet the following provisions: 1. Business Plantation People obliged to register its business office; 2. IUP can be given to: a. Cooperatives; b. Locally owned enterprises; c. National-owned enterprises; d. National Private Enterprise Agency; e. Joint venture with the National Bureau of Business Foreign Business Agency. 3. Rice based agricultural state busibess must have IUP, given by the Regent / Mayor; 4. IUP valid for 30 years and can be extended with the same period of time; 5. To obtain IUP, the company must submit a request to the Regent / Mayor through the Head Office; 6. IUP applicant company must complete the application form requirements: a. Deed of the company and changes; b. Proposals regarding the business which will be run that has been approved by the Head Office; c. Work plan of the rice based agricultural state business; d. Documents EIA regulations that apply; e. Recommendations from the technical offices; f. Tax number (NPWP) and the Tax District number (NPWPD);
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
g. Surat keterangan domisili kantor perusahaan; h. Peta calon usaha dengan skala 1 : 100.000. i. Menyetor uang jaminan kesungguhan pada Bank yang ditunjuk sebesar Rp. 15.000,- (Lima Belas Ribu Rupiah) untuk setiap 1 ha luasan areal. 7. Dalam waktu 14 (empat belas) hari kerja setelah permohonan diterima dengan lengkap, pejabat pemberi IUP harus memutuskan IUP tersebut dapat diberikan atau ditolak. Selanjutnya ijin usaha industri pertanian berbasis padi harus memenuhi ketentuan-ketentuan sebagai berikut: 1. Untuk melaksanakan kegiatan usaha industri Pertanian Berbasis Padi wajib memperoleh izin tertulis dari Bupati; 2. Ijin usaha industri Pertanian Berbasis Padi dapat diberikan kepada pihak-pihak sebagaimana tercantum dalam Peraturan Daerah; 3. Untuk memperoleh ijin, perusahaan harus menyampaikan permohonan kepada Bupati/Walikota melalui Kepala Dinas dengan melengkapi: a. Akte pendirian perusahaan dan perubahannya; b. Proposal mengenai usaha yang akan dijalankan yang telah disetujui oleh Kepala Dinas; c. Rencana kerja usaha Industri Pertanian Berbasis Padi; d. Dokumen AMDAL sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku; e. Nomor Pokok Wajib Pajak (NPWP) dan Nomor Pokok Wajib Pajak Daerah (NPWPD); f. Surat keterangan domisili kantor perusahaan; g. Ijin lokasi bagi perusahaan bukan pemilik lahan sumber bahan baku industri; h. Analisis kelayakan usaha; i. Kepastian pasokan bahan baku; j. Ijin HO/gangguan dari pejabat berwenang. 4. Dalam waktu 2 (dua) bulan setelah permohonan diterima dengan lengkap, pejabat pemberi ijin harus memutuskan permohonan ijin tersebut dapat diberikan atau ditolak. Selain peraturan perundangan yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan usaha industri Pertanian Berbasis Padi, maka pemrakarsa kegiatan hendaknya juga memahami tentang tata cara penanaman modal dalam negeri, yaitu;
g. Letter domicile office of the company; h. Map of business prospective with the scale of 1: 100,000. i. To make a guarantee deposit of seriousness on the appointed Bank of Rp. 15.000, - (fifteen thousand Rupiah) for 1 ha area. 7. Within 14 (fourteen) days after the complete application is lodged, official of IUP grantor must decide that IUP can be granted or denied. Rice based agricultural state business should certify to some regulations as seen below: 1. To implement the activities rice based agricultural state business required to obtain written permission from the Regent; 2. Permit rice based agricultural state business can be given to the parties as listed in the Regulation; 3. To obtain permission, the company must submit a request to the Regent / Mayor of the Head Office through the complete: a. Deed of the company and changes; b. Proposals regarding the business which will be run that has been approved by the Head Office; c. Work plan of the plantation business; d. Documents EIA regulations that apply; e. Tax number (NPWP) and the Tax District number (NPWPD); f. Letter domicile office of the company; g. Location permit for the company is not the owner of the plantation industry source of raw materials; h. Analysis of feasibility of business; i. The certainty of supply of raw materials; j. Permit HO / interference from official authorities. 4. Within 2 (two) months after the application is received with complete, officials must decide disposal permit application permit may be granted or denied. Inspite of regulations and laws, the applicants should also understand about other circumstances to put their money in the agricultural industry based on paddy. The other circumstances are:
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
I.
Surat Permohonan (Blangko Model 1/PMDN) dan ditanda tangani diatas materai Rp. 6,000.oleh pemohon dibuat rangkap dua dengan dilampiri persyaratan sbb: 1. Bukti Diri Pemohon: a. Photo Copy Akte Pendirian (PT, BUMN, BUMD, CV, Firma dll); b. Photo Copy Anggaran Dasar bagi Badan Usaha Koperasi; c. Photo Copy KTP; 2. Photo Copy Nomor Wajib Pajak (NPWP) Pemohon; 3. Proposal Proyek atau Bidang Usaha yang dimohon dan atau rencana kegiatan dari awal penanaman modal hingga pemasaran hasil produksi. 4. Peta Lokasi Proyek Skala 1 : 100.000. 5. Persyaratan dan atau ketentuan sektoral yaitu, rekomendasi dari : 1). Lurah/Kades; 2). Camat; 3). Instansi Teknis yang menjelaskan tentang bahwa lokasi yang dimohon tidak bermasalah dan layak untuk proyek dimaksud seperti rekomendasi dari : a. Dinas Kehutanan; b. Dinas Perkebunan; c. Dinas Pertanian dan Peternakan; d. Badan Pertanahan Nasional; e. Dinas/Instansi lainnya yang berkaitan dengan proyek yang dimohon. 6. Laporan keuangan dan atau akuntabilitas; 7. Pernyataan bersedia berkantor pusat di Kota/Kabupaten; 8. Surat Kuasa dari yang berhak apabila permohonan bukan dilakukan oleh pemohon sendiri. 9. Kesepakatan/perjanjian kerjasama untuk bermitra dengan Usaha Kecil yang antara lain memuat : 1. Nama dan alamat masing-masing pihak; 2. Pola kemitraan yang akan digunakan; 3. Hak dan Kewajiban masing-masing pihak; 4. Bentuk pembinaan yang akan diberikan kepada usaha kecil; Hal-hal lain yang dianggap perlu. 10. Akte Pendirian atau perubahannya mengenai penyertaan usaha kecil sebagai pemegang saham, apabila kemitraan dalam bentuk penyertaan saham;
I.
Application letter (Form No 1/PMDN) and signed on a sealed paper (Rp. 6,000.-) by the applicants in two copies and attached by: 1. Copy of ID: a. Copy of company deed (PT, BUMN, BUMD, CV, Firma dll); b. Copy of Cooperative establishment document; c. Copy of KTP; 2. Copy of Tax Number (NPWP) of the applicant; 3. Project proposal/Business sector applied or activity planned from infestations to marketing of products. 4. Map of location in scale of 1: 100.000. 5. Local administrative requirements from: Head of village, Lurah/Kades; 2). Head of sub district, Camat; 3). Technical institutions, giving information that the location is feasible for the proposed industry/plantation and clear for any dispute. These recommendations are from: a. Forestry department; b. Agricultural Industrial Plantation department; c. Agricultural/ Animal Husbandry department; d. Land Authority; e. other related institutions. 6. Financial report or accountability report; 7. Letter of Willingness to establish head office in local districts or cities; 8. Authorization letter from the owner. 9. Agreement or Memorandum of understanding to work with local partners/small enterprises: 1. Name and address of each party; 2. Partnership scheme; 3. Rights and Obligations of each party; 4. Development assistance to small enterprises; And other related agreement. 10. Deed for the changes or the inclusion of small business as a shareholder, if the partnership shares in the form of inclusion;
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE 11.
Surat pernyataan diatas materai dari usaha kecil yang menerangkan bahwa yang bersangkutan memenuhi kriteria usaha kecil sesuai dengan UndangUndang Nomor 9 Tahun 1995. II. Setelah Permohonan diterima di Bagian Perekonomian & Penanaman Modal Setda Kota/Kab, yang selanjutnya Permohonan diperiksa kelengkapannya/ lampirannya oleh Sub Bagian Penanaman Modal dan BUMD. III. Setelah lampiran sudah lengkap, maka proposal dipresentasikan oleh Investor dengan biaya sendiri untuk dipresentasikan dihadapan pejabat Pemerintah Kota/Kab dan bila dianggap perlu juga diundang dari DPRD, Unsur Organisasi dalam masyarakat, Unsur Mahasiswa, LSM dll. IV. Hasil Presentasi dinilai oleh Bagian Perekonomian dan Penanaman Modal atas persetujuan Pemerintah Kota/Kab. 4.3. Aspek Sosial Ekonomi dan Lingkungan Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi dan industri beras nasional serta menjamin aspek pemasaran produksi padi, pemerintah terus menggalakkan usaha-usaha untuk meningkatkan produksi padi nasional dan menjamin pasar produksi, baik melalui ekstensifikasi (perluasan areal tanam) maupu intensifikasi. Hal tersebut dilakukan dengan mengintegrasikan usaha budidaya taaman padi dengan industri beras. Oleh karena itu, maka diperlukan upaya pengembangan kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi yang terintegrasi dengan industri pengolahan. Aspek sosial ekonomi yang diharapkan dari kebijakan ini adalah meningkatnya pendapatan petani melalui terjaminnya pasar produksi padi, adanya perluasan lahan baru untuk pencetakan sawah, menumbuhkan industri hilir (olahan), penciptaan lapangan kerja, peningkatan PAD, pemanfaatan sumberdaya dengan optimal, rangsangan untuk memperkuat teknologi di bidang tanaman padi dengan terus melakukan inovasi teknologi, pemanfaatan bagian-bagian tanaman padi untuk mennghasilkan produk yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis dan memiliki nilai tambah dibandingkan produk padi dalam bentuk gabah kering panen. Pembukaan lahan untuk pencetakan sawah baru dan ladang baru secara intensif akan memberikan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan antara lain lingkungan fisik kimia, biologi, dan kesehatan masyarakat. Terbukanya lahan mengakibatkan terjadinya run-off (aliran permukaan/erosi), perubahan pH tanah, dan defisiensi hara (terutama hara mikro), berkurangnya jenis dan populasi mikrobia tanah. Untuk mengatasi dampak negatif diatas maka diperlukan input yang besar seperti pengapuran, pemupukan (penambahan bahan organik) sehingga dapat mengembalikan lingkungan fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah mendekati seperti keadaan semula.
11.
Building on a statement from small businesses that explain that meet the criteria for small business in accordance with Law No. 9 / 1995. II. Applications received after the Economic Section & Investment in City / District Office, the application is examined its completeness / attachments by the Sub-Investment and BUMD. III. Once the attachment is complete, the proposal presented by the Investor's own cost to the government officials presented before the City / District and when necessary also invited from the local parliament, the Organization element in society, poisoning Students, NGOs, etc. IV. Presentation of the results assessed by the Economic and Investment approval of the Government of the City / District. 4.3.
Social Economics and Environmental Aspects To meet the national consumption and rice industry needs as well as to ensure the marketing aspects of rice production, the government continued to encourage efforts to increase national rice production and guarantee the market. Both can be achieved through expansion of cultivation area and application of integration systems between paddy farming and rice-based industry estate development. Many efforts are required to align successful rice-based agriculture integrated with processing industry. Socio-economic aspects of this policy are to increase farmer's income through balancing production of rice and market needs. Those include the expansion of new land for the farming field, develop derivative (processing) industries, job creation, revenue increase, optimum utilization of resources, as well as stimulus to enhance technology in rice fields with continued use of technological innovations parts of rice plant to become a product that has economic value and added value compared to freshly harvested grain products. Intensive land clearing for the printing of new fields and new fields will result negative impact on the environment, including the physical environment chemistry, biota, and public health concerns. A newly opened area will lead to increased soil washing effects, changes in soil pH, and elevated levels of base saturation. To overcome the negative effects need to be Calcification, fertilization so that they can restore the physical environment such as its original state chemical that turned into a positive impact.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Terbukanya lahan juga menyebabkan berubahnya ekosistem lahan yang tadinya tertutup menjadi terbuka, dan menyebabkan terjadinya suksesi pada gulma (rumput pengganggu) yang berakibat pada pergeseran jenis hama dan penyakit yang muncul. Dampak negatif ini perlu diantisipasi dengan melakukan pengendalian gulma dan pengendalian Adanya kegiatan pembukaan lahan baru secara luas disertai oleh adanya kegiatan industri akan mengundang masyarakat pendatang. Kegiatan awal dari pembukaan lahan akan memberikan dampak negatif berupa terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan dan gangguan kesehatan pada masyarakat. Dampak negatif ini dapat diatasi bila perusahaan menyiapkan fasilitas umum seperti sarana dan prasarana pengobatan termasuk tenaga medis. Disamping itu harus dilakukan juga upayaupaya penciptaan lingkungan masyarakat yang sehat dan harmonis, sehingga dapat memberikan dampak positif berupa peningkatan produktivitas kerja yang secara tidak langsung akan meningkatkan produktivitas dan kesejahteraan masyarakat.
Land clearing caused ecosystem changes which in the past were a closed ecosystem, where most organisms like plants can disrupt rice growth. This negative impact should be anticipated by the integrated pest control method, whether by mechanical, chemical, or biological. The presence of extensive land clearing activities, accompanied by the industrial activity will lure newcomers, so the initial activities of land clearing will result a negative impact on public health. This negative impact can be overcome if a company set up public facilities such as treatment facilities and infrastructure, including medical personnel. On the other hand, it must be also the efforts of creating a healthy and harmonious society, which can have a positive impact of increased labor productivity. It will indirectly increase the productivity and welfare.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
BAB V - CHAPTER V ANALISIS FINANSIAL Analisis finansial kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi yang terintegrasi dengan industri pengolahan diarahkan pada produk gabah kering panen yang mampu mensuplai industri pengolahan untuk menghasilkan beras baik beras premium maupun beras medium yang siap untuk diperjualbelikan. Analisis finansial akan dirinci kedalam tiga bagian yaitu analisis kelayakan finansial berdasarkan kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi, analisis kelayakan industri pengolahan padi (Rice Processing Unit) dan analisis kelayakan finansial berdasarkan kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi yang terintegrasi dengan industri pengolahan. 5.1. Asumsi 5.1.1. Usaha Kawasan Budidaya Pertanian Berbasis Padi Perhitungan analisis kelayakan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi berdasarkan beberapa asumsi sebagai berikut: Luas kawasan Jarak tanam Masa tanam padi Produktivitas padi Harga gabah kering panen per kg Umur proyek Tingkat Discount factor
: : : : :
5000 ha 25 X 25 cm 2 kali dalam setahun 4.500 kg / ha Rp 2.400,-
: :
10 tahun 14 % sesuai dengan tingkat suku bunga kredit yang berlaku
Financial analysis of rice-based agricultural cultivation area with integration to processing industries is aimed at dry grain rice that is sufficiently feed the processing industry. It also aimed to processing industry that is capable of producing good rice, premium and medium qualities that are ready for sale. This analysis will be broken down into three parts namely the financial feasibility analysis based on cultivation area of rice-based farming, feasibility analysis of the rice processing industry (Rice Processing Unit) and financial feasibility analysis based on cultivation area of rice-based agriculture integrated with processing industry. 5.1. Assumption 5.1.1. Rice-based agricultural estate The calculation of feasibility of rice-based agricultural estate is based on several asumptions as described below: Area of plantation : Planting distance : Time of harvesting : Productivity : Price of dried milled grain per : kg Project duration : Level of Discount factor :
5000 ha 25 X 25 cm 2 times a year 4.500 kg / hectare Rp 2.400,10 years 14 % according to commercial bank interest
Tabel 13. Produksi, biaya produksi, penjualan, dan perhitungan rugi-laba dari usaha kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi berdasarkan tahun proyek (per ha) Table 13.
Production, production cost, selling capacity and cost-benefit ratio for rice cultivation based on age of plantation per hectare Tahun
Produksi Padi
Penjualan
Year
Paddy product ivity
Selling Price
aya Laba Kotor FINANCIALBCiANALYSIS ost Gross Revenue
(kg)
(Rp)
(Rp)
(Rp)
0
0
0
30830775
(30830775)
1
9000
21600000
8,500,688
13099313
2
9000
21600000
8,670,701
12929299
3
9000
21600000
8,844,115
12755885
4
9000
21600000
9,020,998
12579002
5
9000
21600000
9,201,418
12398582
6
9000
21600000
9,201,418
12398582
7
9000
21600000
9,573,155
12026845
8
9000
21600000
9,764,618
11835382
9
9000
21600000
9,959,910
11640090
10
9000
21600000
10,159,108
11440892
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Industri Pengolahan Padi Perhitungan analisis kelayakan industri pengolahan padi berdasarkan beberapa asumsi sebagai berikut:
5.1.2
Luas RPU Jenis mesin
: :
Size of RPU Type of machinery
: :
Kapasitas Operasional
:
Operational Capacity
:
Mesin pengering/paddy dryer Mesin penggilingan/rice milling
: :
Paddy dryer Rice milling
: : : : : : :
3400 m Rice Milling Machine, 3 tonnes/hour (CRM-3) 16 hours/day or 25 days/month or 275 days/year 50 ton GKP/day 3 ton GKG/hours atau 13.200 ton GKG/year 16.500 ton GKP/year 1.320 ton milled husk/year Rp 2.400,-/kg Rp 5.371,-/kg
:
Rp 6.587,-/kg
:
Rp 5.600,-/kg
:
Rp 7.100,-/kg
: : :
Rp 3.600,-/kg Rp 1.800,-/kg 7.920 ton/year
:
6.600 ton/year
: :
10 year 14 % according to current bank interest Output 50% as medium quality and 50% as premium quality of rice
5.1.2
Harga pembelian GKP/kg Total biaya produksi beras medium Total biaya produksi beras premium Harga jual beras medium Harga Jual beras premium Harga jual menir Harga jual dedak Output berupa beras medium (15% pecahan) Output berupa beras premium (5% pecahan) Umur proyek Tingkat Discount factor
Skenario I
: : : : : : : : :
3400 m2 Mesin Rice Milling 3 ton/jam (CRM-3) 16 jam/hari atau 25 hari/bln atau 275 hari/tahun 50 ton GKP/hari 3 ton GKG/jam atau 13.200 ton GKG/tahun 16.500 ton GKP/tahun 1.320 ton dedak/tahun Rp 2.400,-/kg Rp 5.371,-/kg Rp 6.587,-/kg Rp 5.600,-/kg Rp 7.100,-/kg Rp 3.600,-/kg Rp 1.800,-/kg 7.920 ton/tahun
:
6.600 ton/tahun
: :
10 tahun 14 % sesuai dengan tingkat suku bunga kredit yang berlaku Output 50% beras medium dan 50% beras premium
:
Rice Processing Unit The calculation of feasibility of rice processing unit is based on several assumptions below:
Selling price GKP/kg Total of production cost medium quality Total of production cost premium quality Selling price of medium quality rice Selling price of premium quality rice Selling price of min rice Selling price of husks Output as of medium quality (15% broken rice) Output as of premium quality (5% broken) Project age Level of Discount factor Scenario I
5.1.3
Usaha Kawasan Budidaya Pertanian Berbasis Padi yang Terintegrasi dengan Industri Pengolahan
Berdasarkan dua bagian analisis kelayakan diatas, maka dapat dilakukan analisis kelayakan untuk usaha kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi yang terintegrasi dengan industri pengolahan. Hasil produksi gabah kering panen dari kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi seluas 5000 ha adalah sebesar 45.000 ton GKP/tahun. Kemampuan industri pengolahan padi (RPU) adalah 50 ton GKP/hari, sehingga GKP yang dibutuhkan selama satu tahun adalah sebesar 13.750 ton GKP/tahun. Hasil perhitungan ini menunjukkan bahwa industri pengolahan padi (RPU) diperkirakan mampu menyerap hasil produksi dari kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi sebesar 30,56% GKP. Kelebihan hasil produksi dari kawasan dapat disimpan di gudang penyimpanan maupun dijual dalam bentuk GKP ke lembaga pemasaran. Untuk perhitungan analisis finansial ini, kelebihan hasil produksi dari kawasan diasumsikan dijual ke lembaga pemasaran lain . Asumsi yang dipakai dalam perhitungan analisis finansial kawasan yang dipadukan dengan industri pengolahan adalah sebagai berikut: Skenario
:
Menir Dedak Kelebihan GKP kawasan 5000 ha Umur proyek Tingkat Discount factor
: : : : :
Output 50% beras medium dan 50% beras premium 6% dari hasil produksi GKG 12% dari hasil produksi GKG 31.250 ton/tahun 10 tahun 14 % sesuai dengan tingkat suku bunga kredit yang berlaku
5.1.3
:
2
Rice-based agricultural estate, integrated with its industrial/processing units
Based on the two-part feasibility analysis above, feasibility analysis for the business area of rice-based agricultural cultivation integrated with processing industry can be concluded. Dry grain production from the crop cultivation area of ricebased farming area of 5000 ha is GKP 45,000 tons/year. The ability of rice processing industry (RPU) is 50 tons GKP/day, so GKP required for one year is calculated as 13,750 tons GKP/year. The results of this calculation show that the rice processing industry (RPU) is estimated to be able to absorb the production of agricultural cultivation area for rice-based at 30.56% GKP. Excess production from the area can be stored in storage or sold in the form of GKP to marketing agencies. For the calculation of this financial analysis, the excess production from the region is assumed to be sold to other marketing agencies. Assumptions used in calculating the area of financial analysis combined with the processing industry are as follows: Scenario
:
Min rice Milled husks Exceed of GKP on 5000 ha area Project age Level of Discount factor
: : : : :
Output 50% as medium quality and 50% as premium quality of rice 6% of GKG production 12% of GKG production 31.250 ton/year 10 year 14 % according to current bank interest
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE 5.2 5.2.1.
Kebutuhan Biaya Investasi Usaha Kawasan Budidaya Berbasis Padi
Pertanian
Biaya investasi kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi seluas 5000 ha adalah Rp 50.883.550,- per ha dengan perincian biaya investasi kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi dapat dilihat pada Tabel 14.
5.2 Cost of Investment 5.2.1. Rice-based agricultural estate The cost of investment of rice-based agricultural estate (5000 ha) is Rp 50.883.550,- per ha which is described in Table 14.
Tabel 14. Biaya investasi budidaya pertanian berbasis padi dalam kawasan 5000 ha Table 14.
Investment of rice-based agricultural estate (5000 ha) Uraian Description
Biaya Investasi Investment cost
(Rp) Pemetaan/ Mapping
50,000,000
Perijinan/ Licensing
200,000,000
Lahan/ Area 5000 ha Gudang / Storage Saluran Irigasi/ Irigation drainage Pencetakan Sawah Baru/ Rice field printing
200,000,000,000 7,812,750,000 100,000,000 45,000,000,000
Traktor/ Tractor
575,000,000
Mesin perontok/ Threshing machine
380,000,000
Kendaraan 2 unit/ 2 unit transportation
300,000,000
Total biaya investasi per kawasan Cost of investment per estate Total biaya investasi per ha Investment cost per ha
Biaya investasi digunakan untuk investasi infrastruktur berupa pemetaan kawasan, biaya pengurusan perizinan, biaya pembelian lahan, biaya pembangunan gudang beserta fasilitas penunjang, biaya pembuatan saluran irigasi dan pencetakan sawah baru, biaya pembelian traktor, mesin perontok dan kendaraan. Untuk membantu pendanaan dana investasi, diasumsikan mendapat fasilitas kredit bank sebesar Rp. 50.000.000,-. Sebagai konsekuensi dari pinjaman bank dibebankan angsuran dan bunga bank dipatok 14 %. Angsuran kepada bank mulai dibayarkan pada tahun ke-1 dengan jangka waktu pengembalian selama 5 tahun. Pengembalian kredit dengan pola sliding rate dengan besarnya angsuran pokok pinjaman pertahunnnya sebesar Rp. 10.000.000,- ditambah bunga yang dihitung berdasarkan saldo pokok pinjaman. Selama 10 tahun umur proyek, biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk budidaya tanaman jagung baik biaya investasi maupun biaya operasional adalah Rp 154.872.740,sedangkan penerimaan dari hasil penjualan diperoleh sebesar Rp 216.000.000,sehingga diperoleh laba usaha sebesar Rp 61.127.260,-.
254,417,750,000 50,883,550
The investment costs for infrastructure investments in the form of mapping the area, cost of licensing, land purchase costs, the cost of building warehouses and supporting facilities, the cost of irrigation channels and rice fields of printing, the cost of purchasing a tractor, thresher machines and vehicles. To help finance the investment fund, is assumed to have a bank credit facility amounting to Rp. 50.000.000, -. As a consequence of the bank loan installment and interest charged to banks pegged 14%. Installment to the bank began to be paid in year 1 with a loan term of 5 years. Loan repayment rate with sliding pattern with installment loan principal amount of Rp. 10.000.000, - per year plus interest calculated based on principal balance of the loan. During the project 10 years of age, the cost incurred for rice cultivation both investment costs and operational cost is Rp 154,872,740, while the revenue earned from sales of Rp 216,000,000, - so that the obtained profit of Rp 61,127,260,-.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE 5.2.1.1. Kriteria Kelayakan Proyek Analisis kelayakan proyek diukur melalui kriteria investasi meliputi Benefit/Cost (B/C) ratio, Break Even Point (BEP) baik harga maupun produksi, Net present value (NPV), Internal rate of return (IRR), dan payback period.
5.2.1.1. Criteria of project feasibility Project feasibility is measured by investment criteria, including Benefit/Cost (B/C) ratio, Break Even Point (BEP) both for prices and productions, Net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and payback period.
Tabel 15.
Hasil Analisis Finansial Proyek Usaha Kawasan Budidaya Pertanian Berbasis Padi
Tabel 15.
Analysis of financial feasibility
Kriteria investasi Investment criteria
Gross B/C Net B/C BEP Produksi NPV IRR
Payback period
5.2.1.1.1 B/C Ratio Analisis B/C ratio adalah perbandingan antara total cash inflow terhadap total cash outflow. Gross B/C rasio ini menunjukkan gambaran berapa kali lipat benefit (penerimaan) akan diperoleh daricost (biaya) yang dikeluarkan sebelum dikalikan dengan discount factor (DF). Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai Gross B/C ratio sebesar 1,13. Nilai ini menunjukkan bahwa benefit yang yang diperoleh 1,13 kali lipat dari biaya yang dikeluarkan. Sedangkan Net B/C rasio ini menunjukkan gambaran berapa kali lipat benefit akan diperoleh dari biaya yang dikeluarkan setelah dikalikan dengan Discount Factor sebesar 14 %. Berdasarkan perhitungan kelayakan usaha, nilai Net B/C rasio adalah 4,34yang artinya benefit yang diperoleh adalah 4,34 kali lipat dari biaya yang dikeluarkan. 5.2.1.1.2. Break Even Point (BEP) BEP (titik impas) adalah kondisi pada saat suatu usaha tidak mengalami keuntungan maupun kerugian. Nilai BEP dipakai untuk menentukan besarnya volume penjualan dimana perusahaan tersebut sudah dapat menutupi semua biayabiayanya tanpa mengalami kerugian maupun keuntungan.
Nilai
Value
1,13 4,34 6.484 kg Rp 18.546.308,45,12% 5 tahun (years) 9 bulan (months)
5.2.1.1.1 B/C Ratio Analysis of B/C ratio is a comparison of total cash inflow to total cash outflow. This gross B/C rasio shows a good illustrative benefit of revenues which is occurred in cost before it is multiplied by discount factor (DF). Analytical result shows Gross B/C ratio is 1.13. The value illustrates that the benefit is 1.13 times to expandibles. Futrther, Net B/C rasio gives an illustrative to benefit that is obtained from cost after multiplied by Discount Factor (14 %). Based on the calculation of feasibility, the Net B/C ratio is 4.34, which means the benefit is 4.34 times to expandibles. 5.2.1.1.2. Break Even Point (BEP) BEP is a condition, when the sum of all costs and all revenues is zero. Therefore, the company is not in loss or profit condition. BEP value is used to define a volume of production when its revenue can cover all costs. BEP of production volume for rice based agricultural plantation is 6,484 kg per year. It gives information that with an average price of Rp.2.400, the rice-based agricultural cultivation will not suffer any loss or profit by producing 6,484 kg dried milled rice per year. Break Even Point (BEP) is calculated based on;
Break Even berdasarkan;
Point
(BEP)
Rata-rata total biaya pertahun = --------------------------------------------Harga rata-rata GKP per kg Rp. 15.562.274 = ------------------------Rp.2.400 = 6.484 kg GKP pertahun
dihtung
Average cost per year = --------------------------------------------Average GKP price per kg Rp. 15.562.274 = ------------------------Rp.2.400 = 6.484 kg GKP per year
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
5.2.1.1.3. Payback period Payback period diartikan sebagai jangka waktu kembalinya investasi yang telah dikeluarkan melalui keuntungan yang diperoleh dari suatu proyek. Hasil perhitungan analisis kelayakan usaha diperoleh nilai payback period terjadi tahun ke- 5 lebih 9 bulan. 5.2.1.1.4. Net Present Value (NPV) NPV dari suatu proyek merupakan nilai sekarang dari selisih benefit dengan cost pada discount factor (DF) tertentu. NPV menunjukkan kelebihan manfaat dibandingkan dengan biaya. Apabila NPV lebih besar dari 0 berarti proyek tersebut menguntungkan dan layak untuk diusahakan. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan NPV pada discount factor 14% menunjukan nilai NPV sebesar Rp 18.937.516,- yang artinya nilai NPV > 1. Hal ini berarti proyek usaha kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi layak untuk diusahakan. 5.2.1.1.5. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) IRR adalah suatu kriteria investasi untuk mengatakan persentase keuntungnan dari suatu proyek tiap-tiap tahun dan juga merupakan alat ukur kemampuan proyek dalam mengembalikan bunga pinjaman. IRR pada dasarnya menunjukkan Discount Factor (DF) dimana NPV = 0. Berdasarkan hasil analisis perhitungan IRR diperoleh nilai 46,09%. Apabila diasumsikan bunga bank yang berlaku adalah 14% maka proyek tersebut menguntungkan dan layak untuk diusahakan, karena nilai IRR jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan suku bunga pasar. 5.2.1.1.6. Analisis Sensitivitas Analisis ini digunakan untuk mengetahui sensitivitas usaha kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi ketika ada perubahan tertentu yang mempengaruhi usaha. Asumsi kondisi usaha diambil apabila usaha kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi mengalami kenaikan biaya operasional dan pemeliharaan sebesar 10% ,harga jual turun10%, dan produksi per ha mengalami penurunan sebesar 5% disertai penurunan harga sebesar 10%. Selengkapnya disajikan pada Tabel 16.
5.2.1.1.3. Payback period Payback period is described as the period to repay investment, which is contributed by profit from rice-based agrocultural estate investment. The calculation of feasibility gives payback period at 5 years and 9 months. 5.2.1.1.4. Net Present Value (NPV) NPV of a project is the value of the difference in the cost benefit in a specific value of discount factor (DF). NPV shows the advantages compared with the cost of benefits. If the NPV is greater than 0 means the project is profitable and feasible to develop. Based on the results of the NPV calculation in the discount factor of 14% shows the value of the NPV of Rp 18.937.516,- which means the NPV> 1. This project means rice-based agrocultural estate investment is feasible to develop. 5.2.1.1.5. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) IRR is an investment criterion for the percentage of the profits from the project each year and is also a means of measuring the ability to restore interest in the project loan. IRR is essentially shows Discount Factor (DF), where the NPV = 0. Based on the results of the analysis calculation of the IRR is the value of 46.09%. If it is assumed that bank interest is 14%, the project is profitable and feasible to develop, because the value of the IRR is far higher than the market interest rate. 5.2.1.1.6. Sensitivitivity Analysis This analysis is used to know the sensitivity of cultivation of maize when changes are made that affect particular businesses. Assumption business conditions are taken when the rice-based agricultural plantation to increase production costs by 10% and selling price turun10%. More is presented inTable 16.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
Tabel 16. Analisis sensitivitas dari kelayakan usaha kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi Tabel 16.
Sensitivity analysis of rice-based agricultural estate feasibility Sensitivitas Sensitivity
Kriteria investasi Investment
Gross B/C Ratio Net B/C Ratio Net Present Value (NPV) (Rp) Internal Rate of Return (IRR) BEP (kg) Payback Periode (PP)
Biaya produksi naik
Harga jual turun
Increased production cost by 10 %
Decreased selling price by 10 %
1,09 2,96 14.466.349 36,33 6.817 6 tahun (years) 3 bulan (months)
1,05 1,62 7.279.498 23,83 7.205 7 tahun (years) 8 bulan (months)
Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan biaya produksi naik 10% ,harga jual GKP turun sebesar 10%, dan kombinasi produksi turun sebesar 5% disertai harga turun sebesar 10%, usaha kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi masih menguntungkan dan tetap layak untuk dilaksanakan. Hal ini tercermin dari nilai-nilai kriteria investasi yang menunjukkan kelayakan usaha ini. Hasil analisis sensitivitas sebagaimana ditunjukkan pada Tabel 16, menunjukan bahwa apabila terjadi kenaikan biaya produksi sebesar 10%, harga jagung turun 10 % dan kombinasi keduanya (penurunan produksi sebesar 5% disertai penurunan harga sebesar 10%), nilai Net B/C rasio masing-masing 2,96; 1,62 dan 1,15 lebih besar dari 1, berarti net benefit yang diperoleh dari usaha kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi adalah 2,96; 1,62 dan 1,15 kali lipat dari biaya yang dikeluarkan. Jangka waktu kembalinya investasi yang telah dikeluarkan melalui keuntungan yang diperoleh dari suatu penurunan harga sebesar 10%), nilai Net B/C rasio masing-masing 2,96; 1,62 dan 1,15 lebih besar dari 1, berarti net benefit yang diperoleh dari usaha kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi adalah 2,96; 1,62 dan 1,15 kali lipat dari biaya yang dikeluarkan. Jangka waktu kembalinya investasi yang telah dikeluarkan melalui keuntungan yang diperoleh dari suatu proyek juga tergolong tidak berubah jauh. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh nilai payback period terjadi tahun ke- 6 lebih 3 bulan jika biaya produksi mengalami kenaikan 10%, 7 tahun 8 bulan apabila harga jual mengalami penurunan sebesar 10%, dan jika terjadi kombinasi keduanya maka payback period terjadi tahun ke-9 lebih 1 bulan. Hasil perhitungan NPV pada discount factor 14 % menunjukan nilai NPV masing-masing sebesar Rp 14.466.349,- ; Rp 7.279.498,- dan Rp 2.209.433,- yang artinya nilai NPV > 1. Hal ini berarti proyek usaha budidaya pertanian berbasis padi layak untuk diusahakan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis perhitungan IRR juga diperoleh nilai 36,33%; 23,83% dan 16,79 %. Apabila diasumsikan bunga bank yang berlaku adalah 14%, maka proyek tersebut menguntungkan dan layak untuk diusahakan, karena nilai IRR jauh lebih besar dibandingkan dengan suku bunga tersebut.
Produksi Turun 5% dan turun 10%
harga
Increased in production 5% and selling price down by 10%
1,01 1,15 2.209.433 16,79 7.205 9 tahun (years) 1 bulan (months)
Results of analysis showed that the increase in production costs rose 10%, GKP selling price fell by 10%, and the combination of production fell by 5% with prices down by 10%, the business area of cultivation of rice-based farming is still profitable and still feasible to be implemented. This is reflected in the values of investment criteria that demonstrate the feasibility of this business. The results of sensitivity analysis as shown in Table 25, shows that in the event of an increase in production costs by 10%, rice prices fell 10% and a combination of both (to cut production by 5% with a reduction in price by 10%), the value of Net B / C ratio of each 2.96 respectively; 1.62 and 1.15 greater than 1, means that the net benefits derived from the business area of cultivation of paddy-based agriculture is 2.96; 1.62 and 1.15 times the cost. Investment return period which have been issued through the benefits of a project is also classified as not changed much. This is indicated by the value of the payback period occurred in the 3 months 6 better if production costs increased 10%, 7 years 8 months when prices declined by 10%, and if there is a combination of both, the payback period occurred in the 9 more 1 month. NPV calculation results at 14% discount factor shows the value of each NPV of Rp 14,466,349, -; Rp 7,279,498, - and Rp 2,209,433, which means the value of NPV> 1. This means that project-based agricultural cultivation of rice worth the effort. Based on the analysis results are also obtained by calculating the value of the IRR 36.33%; 23.83% and 16.79%. It is assumed that the bank interest rate applicable is 14%, then the project is profitable and feasible to be made, because the IRR value far greater than the interest rate.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE 5.2.2.
Industri Pengolahan Padi (Rice Processing Unit) Jumlah biaya investasi yang diperlukan dalam mewujudkan pembangunan industri pengolahan padi (Rice Processing Unit) sebesar Rp 13.263.500.000,-. Rincian perhitungan biaya investasi disajikan pada Tabel 17.
5.2.2
Rice Processing Unit Total of required investment to materialize rice-based agricultural estate with Rice Processing Unit is Rp 13.263.500.000,-. Details and investment information are given in Table 17.
Tabel 17. Rekapitulasi biaya investasi pembangunan industri pengolahan padi (Rice Processing Unit) Tabel 17.
Recapitulation of establishment of Rice Processing Unit
No
Uraian
Jumlah
Satuan
Harga satuan
Jumlah Investasi (Rp)
Description
Amount
Unit
Unit Price
Total Invesment (Rp)
1
Unit
3,355,000,000
3,355,000,000
1
Unit
3,025,000,000
3,025,000,000
1
Unit
478,500,000
478,500,000
A. Investasi mesin & peralatan Machinery Investment
1.
Mesin Rice milling 3 ton/jam (CRM-3) Rice milling 3 ton/hour (CRM-3)
2. Mesin Pengering 40 ton GKP/hari berbahan bakar sekam (DS 201)+storage tank 40T GKG Dryer 40 ton GKP/day Organic based fuel (DS 201)+storage tank 40T GKG
3.
Genset 250 KVA +stabilizer
6,858,500,000
Sub total B.
Investasi tanah, bangunan, dll Storage, Land Investment
1. Tanah
3,400
m2
45,000
153,000,000
2,900
m2
1,650,000
4,785,000,000
500
m2
400,000
200,000,000
268
m2
250,000
67,000,000
Land
2.
Bangunan Storage Building
- Mesin-mesin 30 x 60 (1800 m²) termasuk kantor -
Machenery 30 x 60 (1800 m²) inci office.
- Fasilitas Umum lain (700 m²) -
Public Facility (700 m²)
- Parking area,dll 3.
Pagar Fences
4.
Instalasi listrik, air + pompa
1
Paket
300,000,000
300,000,000
1
Paket
200,000,000
200,000,000
1
Paket
700,000,000
Water, electricity and pumps
5.
Perizinan + alat kantor Licences + Administrative
6.
2 handlift, 2 fuso, 1opr car, dll
13,263,500,000
Total investasi
5.2.2.1. Kriteria Kelayakan Proyek Analisis finansial industri pengolahan padi yang dilakukan dengan dua scenario, yaitu skenario I : 50% beras medium dan 50% beras premium) dan skenario II: 25% beras medium dan 75% beras premium).Hasil analisis disajikan pada Tabel 18.
Tabel 18.
700,000,000 6,405,000,000
Sub total
5.2.2.1 Project Feasibility Criteria Financial analysis for rice-based processing industry is accomplished based on two assumptions, which are (1) scenario I: 50% medium quality and 50% premium quality of rice and (2) scenario II: 25% medium quality and 75% premium quality of rice. Analytical result is given in Table 18.
Hasil Analisis Finansial Proyek Industri Pengolahan Tabel 18.
Financial analysis for Rice Processing Unit Nilai Value
Kriteria investasi Investment criteria Skenario I
Skenario II Scenario II
Scenario I
Gross B/C
1,03
1,04
Net B/C
1,26
1,33
BEP Produksi
6.773.263 kg Beras
6.809.797 kg beras
NPV
Rp 7.517.082.323,-
Rp 9.302.500.165,-
IRR
20,15%
21,53%
Payback period
7 tahun (years) 1 bulan (months)
6 tahun (years) 1 bulan (month)
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE 5.2.2.2. B/C Ratio Pelaksanaan kegiatan operasionalisasi RPU pada skenario I diperkirakan mampu memberikan net benefit sebesar Rp 36.005.161.271,- dan biaya investasi Rp 28.488.078.947,- sehingga rasio antara keduanya adalah 1,26. Hal ini berarti bahwa keuntungan yang diperoleh selama proyek berlangsung sebesar 1,26 kali total biaya investasi yang dikeluarkan. Dengan demikian pembangunan RPU berdasarkan NBCR layak dilaksanakan (NBCR > 1). 5.2.2.3. Break Event Point (BEP) Nilai BEP volume produksi beras diperoleh pada tingkat produksi sebesar 6.773.263 kg beras pertahun (skenario I) dan 6.809.797 kg berasper tahun (skenario II). Artinya, dengan tingkat harga rata-rata sebesar Rp.6.350,- usaha industri pengolahan padi (RPU) tidak akan mengalami kerugian atau mendapat keuntungan (impas) dengan memproduksi sebanyak 6.773.263 kg beras pertahun (50% beras medium dan 50% beras premium) atau memproduksi sebanyak 6.809.797 kg beras per tahun ( 25% beras medium dan 75% beras premium). Break Even berdasarkan;
Point
(BEP)
dihtung
Rata-rata total biaya pertahun = -----------------------------------------Harga rata-rata beras per kg 43,010,220,000 43.242.210.000 = ------------------- atau ---------------6.350 6.350 = 6.773.263 kg beras pertahun atau 6.809.797 kg beras per tahun
5.2.2.4. Payback Period Proyek pembangunan RPU memberikan masa pengembalian investasi yang relatif cepat (6-7 tahun) sehingga layak untuk dilaksanakan. Setelah payback period tercapai, maka RPU akan memberikan keuntungan bagi pengelolanya. 5.2.2.5. Net Present Value (NPV) Keberadaan RPU diperkirakan mampu menghasilkan total benefit terdiskonto bagi pengelolanya selama 10 tahun sebesar Rp 36.005.161.271,- dengan NPV sebesar Rp 7.517.082.323,-. Hal ini berarti bahwa selama proyek berlangsung akan diperoleh akumulasi keuntungan bersih dimasa mendatang dengan nilai sekarang sebesar NPV tersebut. Nilai NPV > 0, sehingga secara finansial pembangunan RPU layak dan prospektif untuk dilaksanakan.
5.2.2.2. B/C Ratio Implementation of operational activities in the scenario I RPU expected to provide net benefits amounting to Rp 36,005,161,271, - and the cost of investment of Rp 28,488,078,947, - so that the ratio between the two is 1.26. This means that the profits earned during the project lasted for 1.26 times the total investment costs incurred. While in scenario II is expected to provide net benefits amounting to Rp 37,719,079,112, - and the cost of investment of Rp 28,416,578,947, - so that the ratio between the two is 1.33. This means that the profits earned during the project lasted for 1.33 times the total investment costs incurred, based on the NCBR feasibility of RPU development (NBCR> 1). 5.2.2.3. Break Event Point (BEP) BEP value of rice production volumes obtained at the production level of 6,773,263 kg of rice per year (scenario I) and 6,809,797 kg rice per years (scenario II). That is, with the average price for Rp.6.350, - rice processing industry (RPU) will not experience a loss or a profit (break even) to produce as many as 6,773,263 kg of rice per year (50% of the medium quality and 50% of the premium quality of rice) or produce as many as 6,809,797 kg of rice per year (25% of the medium quality and 75% of the premium quality of rice). Break Even Point (BEP) is calculated based on Average cost per year = -------------------------------Average rice price per kg 43,010,220,000 43.242.210.000 = ------------------- or --------------6.350 6.350 = 6.773.263 kg rice per year or 6.809.797 kg rice per year
5.2.2.4. Payback Period Project of RPU establishment gives return investment time relatively fast (6-7 year), thus it is feasilble to be conducted. After payback period is achieved, RPU will give financial advantages to the owner. 5.2.2.5. Net Present Value (NPV) The presence of RPU expected to produce total benefits for the management terdiskonto over 10 years of Rp 36,005,161,271, - with a NPV of Rp 7,517,082,323, -. This means that during the project will be obtained accumulated net profit future with the present value of the NPV. Value NPV> 0, so that the development financially feasible and the prospective RPU to be implemented.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE 5.2.2.6. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Berdasarkan tingkat pengembalian internal, proyek pembangunan RPU prospektif untuk dilaksanakan karena investasi yang ditanamkan pada tahun awal proyek mampu memberikan keuntungan pada skenario I sebesar 20,15% atau pada scenario II sebesar 21,53% (IRR > OCC) selama operasionalisasi berjalan. Modal investasi yang dimiliki akan lebih efektif dalam menghasilkan benefit ekonomi jika ditanamkan dalam proyek pembangunan RPU dibandingkan ketika modal tersebut harus didepositokan diperbankan.
5.2.2.6. Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Based on the internal rate of return, RPU prospective development projects to be implemented due to investments in the early years of the project could provide benefits to the scenario I 20.15%, or at scenario II for 21.53% (IRR> OCC) during the running operation. Owned investment capital will be more effective at generating economic benefits if invested in RPU development projects than when capital deposited in banks.
5.2.2.7. Analisis Sensitivitas Analisis ini sangat bermanfaat untuk mengetahui sejauhmana suatu kegiatan proyek mampu mentoleransi berbagai dinamika teknis dan ekonomi yang terjadi pada saat proyek akan dimulai maupun ketika proyek sedang berlangsung. Perubahan teknis dan ekonomi yang dimaksud umumnya disebabkan oleh faktor alam, kondisi makro ekonomi suatu wilayah baik yang secara alamiah (perubahan struktur demand-supply masarakat) maupun sebagai dampak intervensi pemerintah melalui berbagai kebijakan pembangunan dimasa lalu maupun dimasa yang akan datang.
5.2.2.7. Sensitivity Analysis This analysis is very useful to know how far a project can tolerate a variety of technical and economic dynamics that occur while the project would begin or when the project is in progress. Technical and economic changes are generally caused by natural factors, macroeconomic conditions of a region that is naturally good (changing demand-supply structure masarakat) as well as the impact of government intervention through various development policies in the past and the future.
Tabel 19. Analisis sensitivitas dari pengolahan padi (RPU) Table 19.
kelayakan
usaha
industri
Skenario for I (Output beras mediumunit dan 50% beras premium) Sensitivity analysis rice50% processing operations (RPU) Scenario I (Output 50% medium quality and 50% premium quality)
Sensitivitas Sensitivty
Kriteria investasi Invesment Criteria
Biaya produksi naik 2 % Increased production cost 2%
Gross B/C Ratio Net B/C Ratio Net Present Value (NPV) (Rp) Internal Rate of Return (IRR) BEP (kg) Payback Periode (PP)
Kriteria investasi Invesment Criteria
Gross B/C Ratio Net B/C Ratio Net Present Value (NPV) (Rp) Internal Rate of Return (IRR) BEP (kg) Payback Periode (PP)
Penerimaan turun 3% Decreased Income 3%
Biaya produksi naik 2% &penerimaan turun 1%
Increased cost 2% decreased income 1%
Harga jual beras premium turun 5% Selling price premium quality down by 5%
Harga jual Beras mediumturun 5%
Selling price medium quality down by 5%
1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,07 1,00 1,02 1,07 1,08 2.507.525.114 163.276.409 578.888.055 1.920.218.633 2.219.769.084 15,67 14,14 14,48% 15,61% 15,86% 6.908.728 6.773.263 6.908.728 6.773.263 6.773.263 8 thn 11 bln 9 thn 11 bln 9 tahun 9 thn 8 thn 11 bln Skenario II (Output 25% beras medium dan 75% beras premium) Scenario II (Output 25% medium quality dan 75% premium quality) Sensitivitas Sensitivty Biaya produksi Penerimaan turun Biayaproduksi Harga jual Harga jualBeras medium Naik 3% &penerimaan 3% naik 3 % beras premium turun 5% turun 5% turun 1% Increased production Decreased Income Selling price premium Selling price medium quality down cost 3 %
3%
Increased cost 3% decreased income 1%
quality down by 5%
by 5%
1,00 1,07 2.049.493.330 15,67% 7.014.091 9 thn
1,00 1,06 1.858.829.115 15,56% 6.809.797 9 thn
1,00 1,00 54.585.437 14,05% 7.014.091 9 thn 11 bln
1,00 1,03 907.204.629 14,76% 6.809.797 9 thn 6 bln
1,03 1,23 6.653.843.545 19,45% 6.809.797 7 thn 4 bln
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Proyek pembangunan dan operasionalisasi industri pengolahan padi (RPU) sangat sensitif terhadap kondisi penurunan penerimaan tahunan dan kenaikan biaya produksi per kg beras. Industri pengolahan padi (RPU) jika mengalami penurunan penerimaan sebesar 3% atau kenaikan biaya produksi sebesar 3% atau penurunan harga jual sebesar 5% masih layak untuk dilaksanakan, tetapi jika diatas kondisi ini kemungkinan besar proyek menjadi tidak layak. Dengan demikian pemerintah selaku pengelola diharapkan mampu menjaga kestabilan harga beras di pasaran.
Project development and operation of the rice processing industry (RPU) is very sensitive to the condition of annual revenue decline and an increase of production cost per kg of rice. Rice processing industry is still feasible to implement (RPU) if the revenue decline of 3% or an increase in production costs by 3% or a reduction in selling price by 5%, but if the above condition is likely to be not feasible project. Thus, government is expected to maintain rice price stability in the market.
5.2.3.6. Usaha Kawasan Budidaya Pertanian Berbasis Padi yang Terintegrasi dengan Industri Pengolahan
5.2.3.
Hasil analisis kelayakan untuk usaha kawasan yang dipadukan dengan industri pengolahan disajikan pada Tabel 20.
Rice-based agricultural estate integrated with rice processing unit
This analytical feasibility for rice-based agricultural estate integrated with rice processing unit is described in Table 20.
Tabel 20. Hasil Analisis Finansial Proyek Tabel 20. Project feasibility analysis Kriteria Investasi
Nilai
Gross B/C
1,16
Net B/C
1,28
BEP Produksi
6.773.263 kg
NPV IRR
78.518.532.111 19,79 7 tahun (year)
Payback period
Hasil analisis menun-jukkan bahwa usaha kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi yang terintegrasi dengan industri pengolahan layak untuk dilaksanakan. NBCR menunjukkan nilai sebesar 1,28. Hal ini berarti bahwa keuntungan yang diperoleh selama proyek berlangsung sebesar 1,28 kali total biaya investasi yang dikeluarkan. Keberadaan RPU terpadu dengan kawasan diperkirakan mampu menghasilkan NPV sebesar Rp 78.518.532.111,-. Hal ini berarti bahwa selama proyek berlangsung akan diperoleh akumulasi keuntungan bersih dimasa mendatang dengan nilai sekarang sebesar NPV tersebut. Berdasarkan tingkat pengembalian internal, proyek pembangunan RPU prospektif untuk dilaksanakan karena investasi yang ditanamkan pada tahun awal proyek mampu memberikan keuntungan sebesar 19,79 % (IRR > OCC) selama operasionalisasi berjalan. Payback period terjadi tahun ke-7. Jika dilakukan analisis sensitivitas pada usaha kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi yang terintegrasi dengan industri pengolahan dengan menggunakan asumsi yang sama, maka diperoleh hasil sebagaimana tersaji pada Tabel 21.
NBCR shows the value of 1.28. This means that the profits earned during the project lasted for 1.28 times the total investment costs incurred. RPU existence integrated with the region expected to produce the NPV of Rp 78,518,532,111, -. This means that during the project will be obtained accumulated net profit future with the present value of the NPV. Based on the internal rate of return, RPU prospective development projects to be implemented due to investments in the early years of the project is able to give a profit of 19.79% (IRR> OCC) during the operation running. Payback period occurred in the 7th year. If sensitivity analysis is carried out on the business of agricultural cultivation area integrated with rice-based processing industries by using the same assumptions, the obtained results will be presented in Table 21.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Tabel 21. Analisis sensitivitas dari kelayakan usaha kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi yang terintegrasi dengan industri pengolahan Table 21. The sensitivity analysis of business feasibility of agricultural cultivation area integrated with rice-based processing industries Sensitivitas Sensitivity
Kriteria investasi Investment criteria
Gross B/C Ratio Net B/C Ratio Net Present Value (NPV) (Rp) Internal Rate of Return (IRR) BEP (kg) Payback Periode (PP)
Biaya produksi Naik 10% &penerimaan turun 5%
Biaya produksi Naik 10% &harga jual beras premium turun 10%
Increased production cost 10 %
Increased production cost 10% & decreased income by 5%
Increased production cost 10% & selling price form premium quality down by 10%
1,11 1,19 56.083.903.962 18,17 7.450.589 7 thn 7 bln
1,05 1,09 27.513,323.541 16,09 7.451.922 8 thn 8 bln
1,09 1,16 44.890.176.581 17,36 7.450.589 8 thn
Biaya produksi naik 10 %
Hasil pada Tabel 21 menunjukkan beberapa kriteria investasi, antara lain: NBCR >1, NPV yang positif, IRR > OCC serta Payback period < umur proyek. Hal ini memberikan gambaran bahwa usaha kawasan budidaya pertanian berbasis padi yang terintegrasi dengan industri pengolahan meskipun mengalami kenaikan biaya produksi hingga 10%, atau mengalami penurunan penerimaan sebesar 5% atau mengalami penurunan harga jual pada jenis beras premium sebesar 10% masih layak untuk diusahakan.
Results in Table 30 show the number of investment criteria, among others: NBCR> 1, a positive NPV, IRR> OCC and Payback period
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
BAB VI - CHAPTER VI PENUTUP CONCLUSION Berdasarkan pemaparan mengenai peluang investasi usaha kawasan pertanian berbasis padi yang terintegrasi dengan industri pengolahan di Kalimantan Timur, terlihat jelas bahwa wilayah Kalimantan Timur seperti Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara, Kutai Kertanegara, Paser, dan Nunukan memiliki potensi yang sangat besar untuk dikembangkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa investasi pada usaha kawasan pertanian berbasis padi yang terintegrasi dengan industri pengolahan di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur dinilai layak (feasible) dan menguntungkan untuk diusahakan. Para investor tidak perlu ragu menanamkan modalnya untuk investasi di bidang ini, karena dari aspek teknis maupun ekonomis serta dukungan pemerintah daerah setempat yang kuat akan memudahkan para investor melakukan investasi dibidang usaha industri pertanian berbasis padi yang terintegrasi dengan industri pengolahan ini. Jika para investor menginginkan informasi lebih lanjut tentang usaha kawasan pertanian berbasis padi yang terintegrasi dengan industri pengolahan dapat melakukan kontak bisnis ke alamat yaitu: Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal (BKPM) Jl. Gatot Subroto 44 Jakarta 12190-Indonesia PO Box 3186 Telp. +62-021-5252008, 5254981, Fax +620215227609, 5254945, 5253866 E-mail : sysadm@ bkpm.go.id Website : http://www.bkpm.go.id Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan & Hortikultura Provinsi Kalimantan Timur Jl. Basuki Rahmat Samarinda Kalimantan Timur Telp. 0541-741676 Badan Perijinan dan Penanaman Modal Daerah (BPPMD) Provinsi Kalimantan Timur Jl Basuki Rahmat No 56 Samarinda Kalimantan Timur 75117 Telp. 62-0541-743235 – 742487 Fax : 0541-736446 E-mail :
[email protected] Website : http://www.bppmd.kaltimprov.go.id
Based on facts given in integrated corn plantation and livestock feed industry in East Kalimantan province, there is a good opportunity to invest in rice-based agricultural estate. The best locations for rice-based agricultural estate are the districts of Penajam Paser Utara, Kutai Kertanegara, Pasir, and Nunukan. This paper shows that investment in ricebased agricultural estate has a good feasibility, so that it is worthy. Investors should try to put their money in rice-based agricultural estate. Despite the rice-based agricultural estate has economic and technical advantages, the local governments are encouraging the investment by establishing friendly policy for rice-based agricultural estate investment. For more information related to rice-based agricultural estate, investors can ask more detail explanation on this particular topic to some business contacts, which are listed here:
The Invesment Coordination Board Jl. Gatot Subroto 44 Jakarta 12190-Indonesia PO Box 3186 Telp. +62-021-5252008, 5254981, Fax +620215227609, 5254945, 5253866 E-mail : sysadm@ bkpm.go.id Website : http://www.bkpm.go.id Food Agriculture and Horticulture Goverment of East Kalimantan province Jl. Basuki Rahmat Samarinda Kalimantan Timur Telp. 0541-741676 The Regional Invesment and Permittence Board of East Kalimantan Jl Basuki Rahmat No 56 Samarinda Kalimantan Timur 75117 Telp. 62-0541-743235 – 742487 Fax : 0541-736446 E-mail :
[email protected] Website : http://www.bppmd.kaltimprov.go.id
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
DAFTAR PUSTAKA - REFERENCES Aksi Agraris Kanisius. 1990. Budidaya Tanaman
Dinas
Padi. Kanisius, Yogyakarta. Amang. 2003. Ekonomi Perberasan, Jagung, dan Minyak Sawit. Dharma Karsa Utama, Jakarta. Badan Meteorologi dan Geofisika Kalimantan Timur, 2008. Rata-Rata Suhu Udara, Kelembaban, Tekanan Udara, Kecepatan Angin, Curah Hujan dan Penyinaran Matahari Menurut Stasiun. Badan Pusat Statistik Propinsi Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Departemen Pertanian. 2005. Rencana Aksi Pemantapan Katahanan Pangan 2005-2010. Deaprtemen Pertanian, Jakarta. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Departemen Pertanian. 2005. Prospek dan Arah Pengembangan Padi: Agribisnis Padi. Departemen Pertanian, Jakarta. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Departemen Pertanian. 2008. Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (PTT) Padi Gogo. Departemen Pertanian, Jakarta. Badan Pusat Statistik. 2008. Kalimantan Timur dalam Angka Tahun 2007. Badan Pusat Statistik Propinsi Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda. Bank
Mandiri (Persero). 2009. Commodities Insight, Volume 12, Juli 2009. Jakarta
Departemen Pertanian. 2005. Pedoman Umum Penanganan Pasca Panen. Departemen Pertanian, Jakarta. Dinas
Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Propinsi Kalimantan Timur. 2003. Rencana Strategis Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Propinsi Kalimantan Timur. Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Propinsi Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda.
Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Propinsi Kalimantan Timur. 2008. Tanaman Pangan dan Holtikultura Dalam Angka Propinsi Kalimantan Timur. Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Propinsi Kalimantan Timur, Samarinda.
Hardjowigeno dan Widiatmaka. 2001. Kesesuaian Lahan dan Perencanaan Tata Guna Tanah. Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor. Rusastra, I.W.,B. Rachman, dan S. Friyatno. 2004. Analisis Daya Saing dan Struktur Proteksi Komoditas Palawija.Dalam: Saliem et al. (Editor) Prosiding Efisiensi dan Daya Saing Sistem Usahatani Beberapa Komoditas Pertanian di Lahan Sawah. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, Bogor. Subdit
Pemasaran Internasional Tanaman Pangan, 2004. Data base Perdagangan Internasional Beras. Departemen Pertanian, Jakarta.
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE
Lampiran - Appendixes
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Appendix 1. Investment registration diagram 1. P E R M O H O NA P P
Model 1 / PMDN KelengkapanRequirements AkteCompany deed/ ID for individuals perusahaan atau KTP bagi perorangan Copy of NPWP Business Proses Process dan and flowchart Product description/ business activityUraian produksi / kegiatan usaha Authorization letterSurat kuasa, apabila bukan ditandatangani
Direksi 2. PERSETUJUAN PENANAMANAPPROV I ALS
L
Surat Persetujuan untukLetter of approvals for PMDN
Model 1 / Foreigen Capital Investment (PMA) Peserta Indonesian applicant: -Akta perusahaanCompany deed -Copy of ID for individualsKTP apabila perorangan -Copy of NPWP untukfor PMA PMA Foreign investors:peserta asing -Akte perusahaanLegal documents -Copy of pasport apabila perorangan -Copy of NPWP untuk PTfor PMA company -Business Proses Process dan and flowchart -Uraian produksi kegiatan Surat Persetujuan untukLetter of approval for PMA
C A N T S
A N
3. PERIZINAN PELAKSANAANA UTHORIZA TION PROCESS
Plan of Product Restructure/ Company reorganizationRENCANA PERUBAHAN - description of product restructure/business realignment Perubahan bidang usaha atau produksi - Perubahan iInvestasiment restructure - Perubahan/pertambahanModification/Additional TKA - Stock ownership statusPerubahan kepemilikan saham - Preusan Legal status for PMA atau or PMDN atau or non PMA/PMDN - Perpanjangan Extention letter of WPP - Perubahan statusStatus/ownership realignment/modification letter - Pembelian saham preusan PMDN dan non PMA/PMDN oleh asing -atau APIT,sebaliknyaLegal to import machinery/capital materialsuntukmengimpor barang modal certificate for goods/raw stock ownership dan bahan baku yang dibutuhkan -RPTK to utilize/useuntuk mendatangkan/ menggunakan TKA -Rekomendasi TA.01 recoomendation letter to kepada Custom department for issuing Dirjen Imigrasi agar dapat diterbitkan VISA bagi of TKA -IKTA, untuk memperkerjakanfor legal TKA work permit -SP Pabean Custom BB/P, for using impotation of raw material/supporting goodspemberian fasilitas atas penginfor bahan baku/penolong =========================================== Di Kabupaten/ KotaLocal gov’t : Izin lokasiauthorization, IMB, Izin Letter of UUG/HO, Sertifikat Atas TanahLand ownership letter
Copy of akta pendirian dan
4. REALISASI IZINBUSIN ESS PERMIT USAHA
pengesahancompany deed
Sebagai dasar untukAs a basis
KelengkapanRequirements: - Copy of akte perusahaancompany deed - Copy of IMB - Copy izin of UUG/HO permit - Copy sertifikat hak atas tanahof land ownership - LKPM - RKL/RPL atau or UKL/UPL atau or SPPL BAP - Copy of SP PMDN atau or SP PMA dan perubahannyaand all modifications
for -Commercial productionMelakukan produksi komersil -Land expansionPengajuan rencana peluasan plan investasiInvestation -Pengajuan rRestrukcturisasiisation -Pengajuan atau tambahan bahan baku /penolongRaw materia;/supporting goods import permit
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Appendix 2. Cash Flow of Paddy Agriculture per Hectare Description Year 1. INFLOW - Paddy production (kg) - Price (Rp)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0 2400
9,000 2400
9,000 2400
9,000 2400
9,000 2400
9,000 2400
9,000 2400
9,000 2400
9,000 2400
9,000 2400
9,000 2400
Income Bank credit
0 50,000,000
21,600,000
21,600,000
21,600,000
21,600,000
21,600,000
21,600,000
21,600,000
21,600,000
21,600,000
21,600,000
TOTAL INFLOW
50,000,000
21,600,000
21,600,000
21,600,000
21,600,000
21,600,000
21,600,000
21,600,000
21,600,000
21,600,000
21,600,000
0
7,294,500
7,440,390
7,589,198
7,740,982
7,895,801
8,053,717
8,214,792
8,379,088
8,546,669
8,717,603
0 0 0 0
475,000 10,000,000 7,000,000 24,769,500
475,000 10,000,000 5,600,000 23,515,390
475,000 10,000,000 4,200,000 22,264,198
475,000 10,000,000 2,800,000 21,015,982
475,000 10,000,000 1,400,000 19,770,801
475,000
475,000
475,000
475,000
475,000
8,528,717
8,689,792
8,854,088
9,021,669
9,192,603
50,844,550 -844,550 -844,550
24,769,500 -3,169,500 -4,014,050
23,515,390 -1,915,390 -5,929,440
22,264,198 -664,198 -6,593,638
21,015,982 584,018 -6,009,620
19,770,801 1,829,199 -4,180,421
8,528,717 13,071,283 8,890,862
8,689,792 12,910,208 21,801,070
8,854,088 12,745,912 34,546,982
9,021,669 12,578,331 47,125,313
9,192,603 12,407,397 59,532,710
2. OUTFLOW A. Investment cost Mapping Licenses Area 5000 ha Storage Irigation New rice field printing Tractor Tresher machine RPU 2 Unit Sums Sum of investment cost per Ha B. Operational cost - Operational & Maintenance Tax Electricity, water, fuel - Bank credit - Interest Sums Total outflow NET INFLOW CUMULATIVE NET INFLOW
50,000,000 200,000,000 200,000,000,00 0 7,812,750,000 100,000,000 45,000,000,000 380,000,000 380,000,000 0 300,000,000 254,222,750,000 50,844,550
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Appendix 3. Financial analysis of Rice-based Agricultural Cultivation 1
2
3
Cost Tahun
Investasi 0
Operasional
50,844,550
Total (1+2)
4
5
6
7
8
9
Benefit
Gross B-C
Disc.fact.
PV Gr C
PV. Gr B
Net B-C
Penerimaan
(4-3)
14.00%
DF*3
DF*4
8-7
50,844,550
50,000,000
(844,550)
1
50,844,550
50,000,000
(844,550)
1
24,769,500
24,769,500
21,600,000
(3,169,500)
0.8772
21,727,632
18,947,368
(2,780,263)
2
23,515,390
23,515,390
21,600,000
(1,915,390)
0.7695
18,094,329
16,620,499
(1,473,830)
3
22,264,198
22,264,198
21,600,000
(664,198)
0.6750
15,027,699
14,579,385
(448,315)
4
21,015,982
21,015,982
21,600,000
584,018
0.5921
12,443,148
12,788,934
345,786
5
19,770,801
19,770,801
21,600,000
1,829,199
0.5194
10,268,335
11,218,363
950,028
6
8,528,717
8,528,717
21,600,000
13,071,283
0.4556
3,885,569
9,840,669
5,955,101
7
8,689,792
8,689,792
21,600,000
12,910,208
0.3996
3,472,765
8,632,166
5,159,401
8
8,854,088
8,854,088
21,600,000
12,745,912
0.3506
3,103,881
7,572,076
4,468,195
9
9,021,669
9,021,669
21,600,000
12,578,331
0.3075
2,774,235
6,642,172
3,867,937
10
9,192,603
9,192,603
21,600,000
12,407,397
0.2697
2,479,648
5,826,466
3,346,819
155,622,740
206,467,290
266,000,000
59,532,710
144,121,790
162,668,098
18,546,308
15,562,274
20,646,729
26,600,000
Total Average Gross B/C Ratio Net B/C Ratio Net Present Value
1.1287 4.3435 18,546,308
Payback period IRR BEP
5 thn 9 bln 45.12 6,484
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Appendix 4. Cash Flow of Rice Processing Unit DESCRIPTION A. INFLOW 1
2
3
0
Production (ton) Medium quality Premium quality Min Rice Bran Prices Medium quality Premium quality Min Rice Bran Income Medium quality Premium quality Min Rice Bran
Total Inflow (A) B. OUTFLOW A. Investment cost Investment machine and errors Investment of land and buildings Sums B. Production cost Medium quality 3960@5372 Premium quality 3300@6587 Sums C Credit and Interest Credit payback Interest Total Outflow (B) Net Inflow (A-B) Net Inflow kumulatif
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1,980 1,650 396 792
3,960 3,300 792 1,584
3,960 3,300 792 1,584
3,960 3,300 792 1,584
3,960 3,300 792 1,584
3,960 3,300 792 1,584
3,960 3,300 792 1,584
3,960 3,300 792 1,584
3,960 3,300 792 1,584
3,960 3,300 792 1,584
5,600 7,100 3,600 1,800
5,600 7,100 3,600 1,800
5,600 7,100 3,600 1,800
5,600 7,100 3,600 1,800
5,600 7,100 3,600 1,800
5,600 7,100 3,600 1,800
5,600 7,100 3,600 1,800
5,600 7,100 3,600 1,800
5,600 7,100 3,600 1,800
5,600 7,100 3,600 1,800
11,088,000,000 11,715,000,000 1,425,600,000 1,425,600,000
22,176,000,000 23,430,000,000 2,851,200,000 2,851,200,000
22,176,000,000 23,430,000,000 2,851,200,000 2,851,200,000
22,176,000,000 23,430,000,000 2,851,200,000 2,851,200,000
22,176,000,000 23,430,000,000 2,851,200,000 2,851,200,000
22,176,000,000 23,430,000,000 2,851,200,000 2,851,200,000
22,176,000,000 23,430,000,000 2,851,200,000 2,851,200,000
22,176,000,000 23,430,000,000 2,851,200,000 2,851,200,000
22,176,000,000 23,430,000,000 2,851,200,000 2,851,200,000
22,176,000,000 23,430,000,000 2,851,200,000 2,851,200,000
25,654,200,000
51,308,400,000
51,308,400,000
51,308,400,000
51,308,400,000
51,308,400,000
51,308,400,000
51,308,400,000
51,308,400,000
51,308,400,000
21,273,120,000 21,737,100,000 43,010,220,000 2,093,128,439 564,608,439 1,528,520,000
21,273,120,000 21,737,100,000 43,010,220,000 2,093,128,439 643,653,620 1,449,474,819
21,273,120,000 21,737,100,000 43,010,220,000 2,093,128,439 733,765,127 1,359,363,312
21,273,120,000 21,737,100,000 43,010,220,000 2,093,128,439 836,492,245 1,256,636,194
21,273,120,000 21,737,100,000 43,010,220,000 2,093,128,439 953,601,159 1,139,527,280
21,273,120,000 21,737,100,000 43,010,220,000 7,185,879,409 1,087,105,322 1,006,023,117
21,273,120,000 21,737,100,000 43,010,220,000 2,093,128,439 1,239,300,067 1,239,300,067
21,273,120,000 21,737,100,000 43,010,220,000 2,093,128,439 1,412,802,076 680,326,363
21,273,120,000 21,737,100,000 43,010,220,000 2,093,128,439 1,610,594,367 482,534,072
21,273,120,000 21,737,100,000 43,010,220,000 2,093,128,439 1,836,077,578 257,050,861
45,103,348,439 -19,449,148,439 -32,712,648,439
45,103,348,439 6,205,051,561 -26,507,596,878
45,103,348,439 6,205,051,561 -20,302,545,317
45,103,348,439 6,205,051,561 -14,097,493,756
45,103,348,439 6,205,051,561 -7,892,442,195
50,196,099,409 1,112,300,591 -6,780,141,604
45,103,348,439 6,205,051,561 -575,090,043
45,103,348,439 6,205,051,561 5,629,961,518
45,103,348,439 6,205,051,561 11,835,013,080
45,103,348,439 6,205,051,561 18,040,064,641
6,858,500,000 6,405,000,000 13,263,500,000
13,263,500,000 -13,263,500,000 -13,263,500,000
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Appendix 5. Financial Analysis for Rice Processing Unit 1 Tahun
Investasi
2 Cost Operasional
3 Total (1+2)
4 Benefit Penerimaan
5 Gross B-C (4-3)
0 13,263,500,000
13,263,500,000
1
43,010,220,000
2
43,010,220,000
3
43,010,220,000
4
43,010,220,000
5
43,010,220,000
6
43,010,220,000
7
43,010,220,000
8
43,010,220,000
9
43,010,220,000
10
43,010,220,000
6 Disc.fact. 14.00% 1
(13,263,500,000)
7 PV Gr C DF*3
8 PV. Gr B DF*4
13,263,500,000
-
(13,263,500,000)
37,728,263,158
22,503,684,211
(15,224,578,947)
33,094,967,682
39,480,147,738
6,385,180,055
29,030,673,406
34,631,708,542
5,601,035,136
25,465,502,987
30,378,691,703
4,913,188,716
22,338,160,515
26,647,975,178
4,309,814,663
19,594,877,645
23,375,416,823
3,780,539,178
17,188,489,162
20,504,751,599
3,316,262,437
15,077,622,072
17,986,624,210
2,909,002,138
13,225,984,274
15,777,740,535
2,551,756,261 2,238,382,685 7,517,082,323
0.8772 43,010,220,000
25,654,200,000
(17,356,020,000) 0.7695
43,010,220,000
51,308,400,000
8,298,180,000 0.6750
43,010,220,000
51,308,400,000
8,298,180,000 0.5921
43,010,220,000
51,308,400,000
8,298,180,000 0.5194
43,010,220,000
51,308,400,000
8,298,180,000 0.4556
43,010,220,000
51,308,400,000
8,298,180,000 0.3996
43,010,220,000
51,308,400,000
8,298,180,000 0.3506
43,010,220,000
51,308,400,000
8,298,180,000 0.3075
43,010,220,000
51,308,400,000
8,298,180,000 0.2697
43,010,220,000
51,308,400,000
8,298,180,000
11,601,740,591
13,840,123,276
430,102,200,000
443,365,700,000
487,429,800,000
44,064,100,000
237,609,781,493
245,126,863,816
43,010,220,000
44,336,570,000 1.0316 1.2639 7,517,082,323 7 thn 1 bln 20.15
48,742,980,000
Total Average Gross B/C Ratio Net B/C Ratio Net Present Value Payback period IRR BEP
9 Net B-C 8-7
6,773,263
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Appendix 6. Cash Flow for Rice-based agricultural estate integrated with Industrial processing DESCRIPTION A. INFLOW 1 Production (ton) Medium quality Premium quality Min rice Husks GKP 2 Price (Rp/kg) Medium quality Premium quality Min rice Husks GKP 3 Income (Rp) Medium quality Premium quality Min rice Husks GKP Total Inflow (A) B. OUTFLOW A. Investment cost Investment in machine and contraptions Investment in land and buildings Investment in area (5000 ha) Sums
B.
0
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1,980 1,650 396 792
3,960 3,300 792 1,584 31,250
3,960 3,300 792 1,584 31,250
3,960 3,300 792 1,584 31,250
3,960 3,300 792 1,584 31,250
3,960 3,300 792 1,584 31,250
3,960 3,300 792 1,584 31,250
3,960 3,300 792 1,584 31,250
3,960 3,300 792 1,584 31,250
3,960 3,300 792 1,584 31,250
5,600 7,100 3,600 1,800
5,600 7,100 3,600 1,800 2,400
5,600 7,100 3,600 1,800 2,400
5,600 7,100 3,600 1,800 2,400
5,600 7,100 3,600 1,800 2,400
5,600 7,100 3,600 1,800 2,400
5,600 7,100 3,600 1,800 2,400
5,600 7,100 3,600 1,800 2,400
5,600 7,100 3,600 1,800 2,400
5,600 7,100 3,600 1,800 2,400
11,088,000,000 11,715,000,000 1,425,600,000 1,425,600,000 0 25,654,200,000
22,176,000,000 23,430,000,000 2,851,200,000 2,851,200,000 75,000,000,000 126,308,400,000
22,176,000,000 23,430,000,000 2,851,200,000 2,851,200,000 75,000,000,000 126,308,400,000
22,176,000,000 23,430,000,000 2,851,200,000 2,851,200,000 75,000,000,000 126,308,400,000
22,176,000,000 23,430,000,000 2,851,200,000 2,851,200,000 75,000,000,000 126,308,400,000
22,176,000,000 23,430,000,000 2,851,200,000 2,851,200,000 75,000,000,000 126,308,400,000
22,176,000,000 23,430,000,000 2,851,200,000 2,851,200,000 75,000,000,000 126,308,400,000
22,176,000,000 23,430,000,000 2,851,200,000 2,851,200,000 75,000,000,000 126,308,400,000
22,176,000,000 23,430,000,000 2,851,200,000 2,851,200,000 75,000,000,000 126,308,400,000
22,176,000,000 23,430,000,000 2,851,200,000 2,851,200,000 75,000,000,000 126,308,400,000
21,273,120,000
21,273,120,000
21,273,120,000
21,273,120,000
21,273,120,000
21,273,120,000
21,273,120,000
21,273,120,000
21,273,120,000
21,273,120,000
21,737,100,000
21,737,100,000
21,737,100,000
21,737,100,000
21,737,100,000
21,737,100,000
21,737,100,000
21,737,100,000
21,737,100,000
21,737,100,000
43,010,220,000 2,093,128,439
43,010,220,000 2,093,128,439
43,010,220,000 2,093,128,439
43,010,220,000 2,093,128,439
43,010,220,000 2,093,128,439
43,010,220,000 7,185,879,409
43,010,220,000 2,093,128,439
43,010,220,000 2,093,128,439
43,010,220,000 2,093,128,439
43,010,220,000 2,093,128,439
564,608,439 1,528,520,000 10,000,000 7,000,000
643,653,620 1,449,474,819 10,000,000 7,000,000
733,765,127 1,359,363,312 10,000,000 7,000,000
836,492,245 1,256,636,194 10,000,000 7,000,000
953,601,159 1,139,527,280 10,000,000 7,000,000
1,087,105,322 1,006,023,117
1,239,300,067 1,239,300,067
1,412,802,076 680,326,363
1,610,594,367 482,534,072
1,836,077,578 257,050,861
45,103,348,439 -19,449,148,439 -287,130,398,439
45,103,348,439 81,205,051,561 -205,925,346,878
45,103,348,439 81,205,051,561 -124,720,295,317
45,103,348,439 81,205,051,561 -43,515,243,756
45,103,348,439 81,205,051,561 37,689,807,805
50,196,099,409 76,112,300,591 113,802,108,396
45,103,348,439 81,205,051,561 195,007,159,957
45,103,348,439 81,205,051,561 276,212,211,518
45,103,348,439 81,205,051,561 357,417,263,080
45,103,348,439 81,205,051,561 438,622,314,641
6,858,500,000 6,405,000,000 254,417,750,000 267,681,250,000
Production cost Medium quality 3960@5372 Premium quality 3300@6587
C
1
Sums Credit and Interest Angsuran kredit modal kerja Credit Interest Installment for area Interest for area installment Total Outflow (B) Net Inflow (A-B) Cumulative Net Inflow
267,681,250,000 -267,681,250,000 -267,681,250,000
KAWASAN BUDIDAYA PERTANIAN BERBASIS PADI RICE BASED AGRICULTURAL ESTATE Appendix 7. Financial Analysis for Rice-based agricultural estate integrated with Industrial processing 1 Tahun
Investasi 0
2 Cost Operasional
267,681,250,000
3 Total (1+2)
4 Benefit Penerimaan
267,681,250,000
5 Gross B-C (4-3)
6 Disc.fact. 14.00%
7 PV Gr C DF*3
8 PV. Gr B DF*4
9 Net B-C 8-7
(267,681,250,000)
1
267,681,250,000
-
(267,681,250,000)
1
43,010,220,000
43,010,220,000
25,654,200,000
(17,356,020,000)
0.8772
37,728,263,158
22,503,684,211
(15,224,578,947)
2
43,010,220,000
43,010,220,000
126,308,400,000
83,298,180,000
0.7695
33,094,967,682
97,190,212,373
64,095,244,691
3
43,010,220,000
43,010,220,000
126,308,400,000
83,298,180,000
0.6750
29,030,673,406
85,254,572,257
56,223,898,851
4
43,010,220,000
43,010,220,000
126,308,400,000
83,298,180,000
0.5921
25,465,502,987
74,784,712,506
49,319,209,519
5
43,010,220,000
43,010,220,000
126,308,400,000
83,298,180,000
0.5194
22,338,160,515
65,600,625,005
43,262,464,490
6
43,010,220,000
43,010,220,000
126,308,400,000
83,298,180,000
0.4556
19,594,877,645
57,544,407,899
37,949,530,255
7
43,010,220,000
43,010,220,000
126,308,400,000
83,298,180,000
0.3996
17,188,489,162
50,477,550,789
33,289,061,627
8
43,010,220,000
43,010,220,000
126,308,400,000
83,298,180,000
0.3506
15,077,622,072
44,278,553,324
29,200,931,252
9
43,010,220,000
43,010,220,000
126,308,400,000
83,298,180,000
0.3075
13,225,984,274
38,840,836,249
25,614,851,975
10
43,010,220,000
43,010,220,000
126,308,400,000
83,298,180,000
0.2697
11,601,740,591
34,070,908,990
22,469,168,399
430,102,200,000
697,783,450,000
1,162,429,800,000
464,646,350,000
492,027,531,493
570,546,063,604
78,518,532,111
43,010,220,000
69,778,345,000 1.1596 1.2775 78,518,532,111 7 thn 19.79 6,773,263
116,242,980,000
Total Average Gross B/C Ratio Net B/C Ratio Net Present Value Payback period IRR BEP
