GINIE: Geographic Information Network in Europe IST-2000-29493
Portfolio of Case Studies
D3.6.4
Editor: Chris Corbin Partner: EUROGI 28th October 2003 Project Co-ordinator University of Sheffield – USFD Partners European Umbrella Organisation for Geographic information – EUROGI Joint Research Centre of the European Commission – JRC Open GIS Consortium (Europe) - OGCE
GINIE Geographic Information Case Studies
Contents Section
Description
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Introduction
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Hungary -Flood Control Information System -Vineyard register -National digital orthophoto database -The Duna-Drava National Park Structure plan - A National and Regional Development and Spatial Planning Information System
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Netherlands - Stock farming – Stench policy - The probability of agricultural land changing to non-agricultural use - The silence map of the Netherlands - Spatial coherence of ecological networks for Western Europe Annex – Case Study template
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18 21 24 27
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GINIE Geographic Information Case Studies Introduction Geographic Information (GI) and the associated technologies are increasingly used throughout Europe to support a very wide range of activities within the European economy. The GINIE case study portfolio brings together a number of easy to assimilate case studies on how GI and the associated technologies are delivering real benefits today. The GINIE case study initiative is made up of a number of components: -
An online case study search engine, which enables case studies of interest to the viewer to be located. Case Study portfolios that bring together a small number of case studies from a range of European nations. These case studies can also be located using the case study engine. A loose leaf picture book
To assist the production of the case studies the GINIE project has provided authors with a template for guidance. (Refer to Annex A of this document) The objective of each case study is to describe in non-technical language the real world requirement that GI and the associated technologies has been used to address, and the benefits that have accrued. This document represents the fourth collation of nine case studies from Hungary and the Netherlands.
Chris Corbin Editor GINIE Project October 2003
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Case Study
FLOOD CONTROL INFORMATION SYSTEM Mr.Gyorgy Bencsik Geoview Systems Ltd., Hungary
[email protected] Keywords: Flood Control Information System, Environment, Disaster Recovery, Internet
Description of Application The Flood Control Information System is an Internet system for public purposes, which accesses the main Water Conservancy databases. The system also offers alternatives ways to input flood control information into the Water Conservancy databases beside conventional methods. The Flood Control Information Systems Portal includes a number of modules that are presented through a unified interface for users of the information system. There are three main modules in the portal: I. Distinctive modules: 1. Information module: contains basic information about the project and system through following topics: · Leader complimenting · Brief description of the system · Review of consortium · Review of purposes 2. Photograph module (Picture gallery): publication of different kind of photos/pictures related to flood control. It contains the following topics: · Space-time changes: presentation of flood area changes with air photos and photos made by a thermal camera.
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· Museum: historical, demographical and sociological insight into the flood control with catalogued picture gallery. · Inventory: presentation of flood control objects with catalogued picture gallery. · Bio: presentation of flood area zoology and flora with descriptions, photos and voice recordings. Metadata module: (Data about data), contains descriptions of the flood control objects, data, concepts made available within the portal: · Concept collection: contains collection of basic notions of flood control. · Metadata collection: contains metadata (or description) of used geographical data. · Symposium: contains collection of study titles.
II. Publication modules: 1. Tabulation module · Publication of Water Conservancy objects (River sections, embankment sections, observation stations): performed through representation of tables and forms of object data and through representation objects on map. · Publication of short distant hydrological observations: performed through representation of tables and charts of observations · Publication of long distant hydrological observations: performed through representation of tables and charts of observations 2. Map server module · Publication of maps of the test areas through a geographical publication system. This system can publicize maps on Internet. · Test areas: Tisza flood areas near Szeged III. Modules of alternative data input on Internet: 1. VIR-NET module · Offers alternative ways to input flood control information into the Water Conservancy databases via the Internet besides conventional methods. · Input of data can be performed only for special observation types of OHM with strict authority protection. · Input of special characteristic data of Not Proper Safety Embankment Sections (NKBSZ): The system gives an interface for input results of special observations and measurements made by University Of Szeged. These observations produced by exposure of Not Proper Safety Embankment Sections together with thermal camera images taken from an aeroplane. The photographs enable the exact place of leaking to be recognised and can be used to predict some state characteristic (and danger of inundation). The photographs and the state characteristics can be input to the portal through the NKBSZ interface. 2.
KVAK (Damages caused by small streams flood) module · Input data of damages caused by small streams flood (KVAK) on Internet · The module handles: - Flood event data - Self-government basic data · Strict authority protection
Benefits The main benefits of the system are: • Graphical and alphanumerical visualization of Water Conservancy objects. • Visualization of flood control events on charts and tabulations. • Predicting flood events. • The integrating through the Portal System the Database and the Map Publication System. Issues The Flood Control Information System is used basically for public purposes and also offers alternative ways to input flood control information into the Water Conservancy databases beside conventional methods. • Information portal of Water Conservancy objects. • Information portal of flood control events. • Alternative data input possibilities.
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• GIS visualization possibilities. Data Used Alphanumeric databases for Water Conservancy: − OTAR: The Database of Water Conservancy’s objects and their main data. − OHM: Operative Hydrological Database contains the recent Water Conservancy observations. − MAHAB: Hungarian Hydrological Database contains the archive of Water Conservancy observations. − KVAK: Database of damage caused by the flooding of small streams: the database contains characteristically data of flood event and basic data of Hungarian municipalities. Geographical databases (Maps) − DTA 50: Digital Topographical Map - vectorised map with 1:50 resolution, where the objects was prepared with attribute RENDSZAM, which need for geographical connection. − The DTA 50 was prepared on the test areas, which contains flood areas of river Tisza near Szeged. The pilot phase will end December 2003 at which point the system will be a LIVE service accessible on the Internet. Acknowledgements More information about the solution can be found on www.geoview.hu, or contact via email
[email protected]
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Hungarian vineyard register (VINGIS) Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hungary FÖMI Remote Sensing Center, Hungary Keywords: Register, Vineyard, Acquis communautaire, CAP Description of Application In order for Hungary to be eligible for the European Union (EU) funds, the MARD, as the coordinating institute of the wine-sector, is required to set up a vineyard based up-to-date database covering all the winegrowing areas of Hungary. A task list has been therefore developed within the frame of the National Program of Adoption of the Acquis communautaire. One of the main goals of this program (Department of Lands and Mapping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development / FÖMI National Program of Adoption of the Acquis I/A/5 ”GI infrastructure Development of the Vineyard Register on the Basis of the Current Register of the Vineyard Communities”) is to develop the GIS based data structure of the Vineyard Register in accordance with the present and future national and EU requirements. Benefits: According to Council Regulation (EC) No1593/2000, the Member States are advised to keep the records of the agricultural parcels, including vineyards, in GIS, at the latest from the 1 of January 2005. From the EU point of view, the most important question is whether the administrations of the Member States are prepared to follow and make the agricultural subsidies of the wine-sector (distillation-, restructuring premiums, production quota management) controllable by the use of GIS. Issues: In the first phase of the project (2001-2002) approximately 20% of the total area was covered, including 4 wine-growing regions, 48 vineyard communities and 70 settlements. The second phase (2002-2003), which is now nearing completion, covers 6 wine-growing regions. In conjunction with the National Orthophoto Program, we are planning to extend our resources with the use of orthophotos, in order to increase the accuracy of the register. The planned national extension of the project already includes the first updates (31st May is the date of the annual update), the preparation for the integration of the orthophotos, which are strongly recommended by the EU, and the creation of regional summaries on the level of winegrowing-, and wine regions. Data Used: In the already covered vineyard communities, we installed a map-viewer program with a map package, including the vector layers of the vineyards with the attached database, and in one vineyard community in each winegrowing region, as an experiment, we also added the Slope-, Aspect-, Height Interval maps and the map of the potentially eligible areas for winegrowing. Relevant background information: Progress towards countrywide coverage Designation
Phase 1 (2000-2002)
Phase 2 (2002-2003)
Wine growing regions
Eger Matraalja Villany
Etyek-Buda Balatonboglar Sapron Somla Badacsony
Degree of Completion
20%
45%
For more information please write:
[email protected] or visit www.fomi.hu. GINIE
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Phase 3 (2003-2004) Csongrad Hajos-Baja Kunsag Aszar-Neszmely Balatonfelvidek Mor Mecsekalja Tokaj Balatonmellek 100%
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Funding: Total cost of the works: in 2001: 10 million Ft (source: MARD- ANP/VIII/A/6 EU Harmonisation programme) in 2002: 25 million Ft (source: MARD- ANP/I/A/5 EU Harmonisation programme) in 2003: 50 million Ft (source: MARD- ANP/I/A/5 EU Harmonisation programme) in 2004: 45 million Ft (source: MARD- ANP/I/A/5 EU Harmonisation programme) Number of FÖMI staff participating in this work on a part-time job basis: 30
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Height Interval
Slope-
Aspect
Fig. 1: The Required Layers (vector layer and the database of vineyards) that the Vineyard Communities are Receiving in the Initial Phase of the VINGIS Project
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The Hungarian National Digital Orthophoto Database (MADOP) Peter Winkler Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hungary FÖMI Remote Sensing Center, Hungary
[email protected] Keywords: Digital Orthophoto, DEM; Aerial photography In the frame of the European Union (EU) integration program of the Department of Lands and Mapping (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development) three nationwide projects were launched by FÖMI (the Institute of Geodesy, Cartography and Remote Sensing) in 2000, namely: Wall to wall aerial photography of Hungary The project Aerial photography of Hungary was finished successfully close to the National Agricultural Census in 2000. The archive of FÖMI contains about 7000 aerial photos at scale 1:30 000 which are available in analogue and digital forms. Creation of 5 m x 5 m resolution DEM of the country As a result of a 30 year long project - ended in 1999 - Hungary is covered by 4092 map sheets at the scale 1:10 000 in analogue form. The quality controlled accuracy of contour lines is between ± 0.5 - ± 1.5 m, depending on the interval of the contour lines, according to the national standard. This product was used as the base for creation of a high resolution DEM of Hungary. Within one year, the colour prints and three layers (hydrology, planimetry, contour lines) of all of the 1: 10 000 scale topomaps were scanned and geo-referenced. The layers of contour lines of topomaps were vectorized in the period 2000 – 2003. The vectorized contour lines served as the basis for creation of 5 m raster size and 0.7 m accurate in Z DEM for the whole country. The 5 m x 5 m DEM of Hungary (about 4 billion points) has been archived according to the map grid of the 1:10 000 sheets and is now available for the user community. Mention should be made, a complete photogrammetric technology was elaborated for analytical and digital aerial triangulation to use the high accurate existing 4th order national triangulation network for determination of orientation elements of the aerial photos taken in year 2000. Set-up of full digital orthophoto coverage of Hungary (MADOP) The technology used took into consideration the creation of orthophotos on the base of DEM and the adjusted orientation elements of aerial photos for the whole country. An overall quality control was applied for the whole procedure and for every map sheet of the digital orthophotos. The accuracy of aerial triangulation is characterised with 0.25 m in X and Y ground co-ordinates. The “MADOP” project was finished in June 2003. The high resolution and quality checked orthophotos were archived (about 2.5 Tera bytes) as part of meta data base, according to the 1:10 000 map grid and the distribution started among end users of several professions. The average accuracy of the orthophotos is characterised with 0.7 m in X, Y on the ground. Benefits: Geo-referenced with high accuracy the orthophotos serve as common spatial reference for different Hungarian GIS and RS systems. The user-friendly products are available for multipurpose applications even for use in PC environment. Issues: MADOP is used in applications which are part of the NPAA, the institutional developments in association with the EU accession, especially in the field of CAP implementation. Data Used: Year 2000 2001
2002 2003
Aerial Survey Imagery Archive 1:30,000 aerial photographs
DEM production
Orthophoto database
5x5 m grid DEM generation based on vectorized contourlines of the 1:10,000 scale topographic maps
1 m resolution seamless digital orthophoto database for the whole country, archived according to 1:10 000 topomap-sheets 5x5 m grid DEM
For more information please write:
[email protected] or visit www.fomi.hu.
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Digital Orthophoto Program of Hungary
Examples
The village of Hollokő
Fertod Castle
The Nine holes bridge (Hortobagy)
Andr ssy avenue (Budapest)
For more information please write:
[email protected] or visit www.fomi.hu.
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The Duna-Drava National Park Structural Plan Prof.Dr.Attila Csemez
[email protected] and Dr. Kollányi László
[email protected] University of BKAE Department of Landscape Planning, Budapest, Hungary Keywords: Planning, Parks, Landscape, Rivers, Environment, Legislation Description of Application The parliament resolution 28/1991. (IV. 30.) launched the planning project in the region: The Republic of Hungary and Yugoslavian Socialist Republic establish the joint National Park of Danube–Drava along the Drava between Sió and Drava issues. According to this resolution Structural Plan need to be accomplished for 123 townships located on the territory of national park. Goal of the project According to the justification of the decree 7/1996. (IV. 17.) of the Environmental Ministry: “The goal of preservation is the protection of the rivers Danube and Drava and their tributary-system and the natural values, surface and subsurface waters furthermore forests, topsoil and other renewable resources of the concerned areas.” Issues The first phase of the planning process began with a survey in 1994. The Department of Landscape Planning and Regional Development of the University of Horticulture made the paper of Survey of the regional landscape plan of the planned National Park Danube–Drava on the behalf of the Department of Regional Planning of Ministry of Environmental Protection and Regional Development. In the second phase the Concept was worked out. At the preservation of the approximately 50 000 ha area the elaboration of the concept was going on. The Concept covers an area six times larger than the region of the national park. The third planning phase was elaborated according to the act XXI of 1996 on Regional development and regional planning furthermore the decree (18/1998. KTM) on the content requirements of regional plans and concepts. The novelty of the structural plan is the rules of land use and building referring to specific regions (zones). The rules of land use represent national and regional interests but give appropriate latitude for the self-governments as well. The self-governments can realise their conceptions – in the frames of the rules of land use of the structural plan – in the settlement structural plans and local building codes. Data Used The structural plan of National Park Danube–Drava distinguishes six functional zones. The 28 subzones belonging to the six zones can be visualised as 28 layers that were included on the structural plan. The visualisation of the 28 layers on one plan would not be possible by traditional drawing methods. The maps of the structural plans were made by GIS techniques. The GIS processing makes possible data survey and analysing in any connection. The digital version of the structural plan makes possible the connection between the rules of land use and certain areas on the map. So snapping down on the required region we can see the current rules. We arranged the large amount of data (the planning area covers approximately 3% of the country) on 110 thematic layers. Because of their visualisation limits the printed structural and regulation plans can illustrate just a small fraction of this data held and included. The whole digital map file and text are available on CD-ROM for authorities, self-governments and decision-makers. Working out the legend of the maps we followed the legal rules. We classified the topics in three main groups (protection, functional and other zones), seven zone-groups and 28 subzones. We signed the zones with letter and number marks making the connection between the text and maps easy and transparent.
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EXAMPLES
+ Study book
+ CD-ROM
GIS database about natural, cultural heritage of national park
Zonation regulations
Multimedia information
Zonation maps With GIS database
Zonation regulations
Interactive documentation
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Supplementary Acts database
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A National and Regional Development And Spatial Planning Information System (TeIR) Zsolt Barkóczi
[email protected] Hungarian Public Nonprofit Company for Regional Development and Town Planning Keywords: Town Planning, Regional Planning, Heritage, Development History of the information system The TeIR project was first launched in 1995 at the assignment to the Regional Development Office of the Ministry of Transport and Regional Development. As the basic principles were being finalised, two pieces of legislation were passed. The first was Act XXI of 1996 on Regional development, the second Government Order 112/1997. (VI. 27.) on the Information system related to regional development and regional spatial planning and on the procedure of compulsory provision of information. These two statutory provisions have created the legislative background for the activities in question. The system started work in 1998 on an Intranet system. In 1999 the upgraded versions of the individual applications were prepared. As a result of the improvements, the Interactive Analytical application supporting the complex analyses was created, where after the database was integrated into the ORACLE system to eventually yield the TeIR data base ensuring fully uniform and safe handling of data. The history of the data base The growth of the data stored in the information system is continuously expanding and at the current time holds approx. 50 000 settlements. The on-going improvement of the services is the pledge of the permanently rising standards of TEIR in both content and quality terms. The aim of TeIR To provide objective and accurate as well as up-to-date information to regional development and spatial planning agencies partly by satisfying the information needs of central cabinet agencies, and partly by ensuring information flow and coordination of information among agencies involved in regional development and spatial planning for the following tasks/fields: • keep track of the changes and the situation of given areas and settlements, • prepare decisions on regional development and spatial planning, • other tasks of government agencies related to regional development and spatial planning (specification of certain tasks, creation and enforcement of legislation, coordination and professional management), and • impact analysis of decisions. Access to the information system Access to the system is ensured, pursuant to Government Order 112/1997. (VI. 27.) on the Information system related to regional development and regional spatial planning and on the procedure of compulsory provision of information, for central and local governmental agencies involved in regional development and spatial planning. The agencies have direct access to the network via terminals that enable the full functionality of the information system to be utilised. The information system has a public Internet version accessible for anyone at http://teir.vati.hu . This public version displays the full metadata content and the public information held by the system. The following is the list of agencies already connected to the system: 1. The Prime Minister’s Office 2. Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
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3. Ministry of Environment and Water Management 4. Ministry of Economic Affairs and Transport 5. Ministry of Finance 6. Ministry of Foreign Affairs 7. Office of the National Assembly, Regional Development Committee 8. Central Statistical Office 9. State Audit Office 10. Regional Development Councils and Agencies 11. County Local Government Offices 12. County Development Councils and Agencies 13. Regional Chief Architect’s Offices The received and processed data grouped according to type. General and branch level databases • • • • • • • •
Agricultural development subsidy information 1996-2002 CSO Census data 1970, 1980, 1990, 2001 CSO Local statistical data system (TSTAR) 1990-2002 Unemployment statistics in quarterly breakdown 1993-2003 Personal income tax data 1992-2002 Regional Development Fund application and contract data 1995-2002 TÁKISZ (local government investment and balance sheet) data 1991-2002 Corporation tax return priority data 1991-2001
GIS databases a) BASIC MAPS • Digital Topographical Base Map M=1:50000 (DTA50: MH-TÉHI) – supplemented by the data of the track line facilities in suburban areas • National regional database M=1:100000 (OTAB1:Infograph Kft) • Corine Landcover (FÖMI) • Agrotopography (MTA-TAKI) • Protected areas (Nature Preservation Office) • Forestry database (Ministry of Agriculture, Forest Management service) Narrative documents Some examples for narrative documents available on the new service of the TEIR: on the portal TERPORT (www.vati.hu ) that is the forum of the regional an rural development, information on the spatial planning, heritage and monument reserve is available. Cartograms The services provided through the system, include the use of pre-designed statistical maps that provide the user with fast information concerning a variety of social and economic processes. With the help of the cartograms these processes may be followed continuously year by year. The services of TeIR GIS accesses GIS accesses are applications ensuring a high level of freedom for the user to retrieve maps and descriptive data. Users may handle maps in the usual way known from graphic software. The user may turn the coverage’s on and off, change the view of the maps for example by (zooming in (blow-up), zooming out (scale-down) and panning (move). The application provides the opportunity of a variety of logical filters on the basis of geometrical and attribute data of map elements. It will also support the generation of complex analyses. The filterings or analyses according to selected criteria are possible through a given set of logical operations. The base map of the information system is the Digital Topographical Base Map (scale: 1:50 000), which is supplemented by the 1:100 000 GIS database of the National Spatial Database. In addition to the base map, a large number of thematic maps are retrievable on a GIS basis.
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Case Study Interactive Analytical Application From the processed databases the system enables the generation of complex analyses. The user may receive the result of the analyses that they have produced in any of three different formats. The user may wish to prepare diagrams, cartograms, or reports (in the latter case the result may be a text file, an Excel table, or a HTML table). The analyses may be prepared by specifying mathematical expressions. The system provides a high level of freedom when preparing individual and complex analyses. Users are helped by optional, frequently used functions performing the merging of data necessary when inputting the required groupings.
Examples:
Interactive Analytical Application Volume of away drainage leaded wastewater per 100 habitants in 2000, micro regions in the West and Middle Transdanubian Regions
Migration differential per hundred inhabitants between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 1998 by regions
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Contact Zsolt Barkóczi IT director Hungarian Public Nonprofit Company for Regional Development and Town Planning 1016 Budapest Gellerthegy u. 30-32 Telefon: (00 36) 1 224 31 50 Telefax: (00 36) 1 224 31 05 e-mail:
[email protected] http://teir.vati.hu
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Stock Farming – Stench Policy! Joep Crompvoets
[email protected] and Edo Gies Alterra, Wageningen UR, The Netherlands http://www.alterra.nl Keywords: Stock, Farming, Smell, Agriculture, Effluent, Animal manure Description of the Problem In 1998 the Netherlands needed to review the national policy related to the impact of the odour originating from the quantities of animal manure produced as a by product of intensive stock farming. The guideline on Stock-farming and Stink-hindrance 1996 was declared unfit by the State-Council because of insufficient ecological underpinning. The granting of licenses by the municipalities was largely based on the Brochure for Stock Farming and the Law on Hindrance published in 1985. The essential part of the 1985 brochure and of the Guideline 1996 is that a certain minimum distance has to be kept between a stock farming business and a house that needs to be protected from the unacceptable odours. The national map at a national scale provides an indication of the volume where these unacceptable stink hindrances occur in urban areas and small villages. The 1985 brochure set out a firmer stench policy than the 1996 Guide line did and caused according to the Tweede Kamer (House of Commons) and the farming trade and industry bottlenecks for the development of the intensive stock farming industry, that were not meant to be. Certainly in the reconstruction process of the sand-areas there is a need for an adapted stench policy that does not obstruct the manifold goals of the reconstruction. As the review of the stench policy still needs to be completed, a temporary solution for the reconstruction has been found in the form of the law for Stench emission stock farming in farmingdevelopment areas. This one is part of the Law on Reconstruction and is largely based on the standards from the Guideline 1996. Cumulation has been dropped though. This legislation must make possible the carrying out of the reconstruction. The regional maps provide a detailed picture of the possibilities for the growth of the stock farming for the reconstruction areas Gelderland and Utrecht, according to the Brochure as well as to the new policy for reconstruction areas. It is clear that the desired enlargement is realised of the possibilities for development of the stock farming. The question however is whether the new, mitigated policy is enough to guarantee the citizen and the tourist the absence of the unacceptable stench.
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Veehouderij – Stankbeleid Joep Crompvoets
[email protected] and Edo Gies Alterra, Wageningen UR, The Netherlands http://www.alterra.nl Dutch Synopsis In 1998 bleek dat Nederland toe was aan een herziening van het stankbeleid voor de veehouderij. De Richtlijn Veehouderij en Stankhinder 1996 werd door de Raad van State afgekeurd wegens onvoldoende milieukundige onderbouwing. De vergunningverlening bij gemeenten werd weer grotendeels gebaseerd op de Brochure Veehouderij en Hinderwet 1985. Essentie van zowel de Brochure 1985 als de Richtlijn 1996 is dat tussen een veehouderijbedrijf van een bepaalde omvang en een te beschermen woning een bepaalde minimum afstand dient te worden aangehouden om de woning tegen onaanvaardbare geurhinder te beschermen. De nationale kaart geeft op landelijke schaal een indicatie van de omvang waar deze onaanvaardbare geurhinder in stedelijk gebied en dorpskernen voorkomt. In de Brochure was het stankbeleid strenger geformuleerd dan in de Richtlijn 1996 en veroorzaakte volgens de Tweede Kamer en het landbouwbedrijfsleven onbedoelde knelpunten voor de ontwikkelingsmogelijkheden van de intensieve veehouderij. Zeker in het reconstructieproces van de zandgebieden is er behoefte aan een aangepast stankbeleid die de meervoudige doelstellingen van de reconstructie niet in de weg mag staan. Aangezien de herziening van het stankbeleid enigszins op zich laat wachten is er voor de reconstructie een tijdelijke oplossing gevonden in de vorm van de wet Stankemissie veehouderijen in landbouwontwikkelings- en verwevingsgebieden. Deze is opgenomen in de Reconstructiewet en baseert zich grotendeels op de normen uit de Richtlijn 1996. Cumulatie is echter achterwege gelaten. Deze wetgeving moet de verder uitvoering van de reconstructie mogelijk maken. De regionale kaarten geven voor de reconstructiegebieden van Gelderland en Utrecht een gedetailleerde weergave van de ontwikkelingsmogelijkheden voor de veehouderij volgens respectievelijk de Brochure en het nieuwe beleid voor de reconstructiegebieden. Duidelijk is dat de gewenste verruiming van de ontwikkelingsmogelijkheden voor de veehouderij wordt gerealiseerd. De vraag is echter of het nieuwe versoepelde beleid voldoende is om de burger en recreant te waarborgen tegen onaanvaardbare stankhinder. Bron: GIAB, LGN Referentie: Logo: Alterra Contact: Alterra: Edo Gies
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The probability agricultural land changing to non-agricultural use Joep Crompvoets
[email protected] and Herman Agricola Alterra en Plant Research International Wageningen UR, The Netherlands. http://www.alterra.nl http://www.plant.wageningen-ur.nl/ Keywords: Land Use, Agriculture, Farms, Planning, Competitiveness Description of the Problem At the beginning of the 21st century major changes are expected for the Dutch rural areas. Agriculture no longer has the self-evident role in the outer districts as it had in the past decades. The liberalising world trade and the expansion of the European Union with millions of hectares of cheap land and very large cheap labour force could affect the competitiveness of the Dutch agriculture industry. The agriculture industry also faces and has to deal with a growing amount of legislation and other rules in relation to the environment and the maintaining of nature and landscape. Agriculture also will have to deal with growing competition of other functions in rural areas. Living and working ask for more space and are wealthier that agriculture. Apart from these there is also the growing demand for space for collective functions like water-storage, recreation and nature. Because of the unification that is taking place within Europe it is becoming more attractive for Dutch farmers to settle elsewhere in Europe, where land and labour are cheaper and the regulations are less limiting. To answer the questions where the transition to non-agricultural use of land will go fast or slow, a space economical exploration has been carried out on the local level for and by local authorities planning ahead. Where the transition to non-agricultural use of land is expected to go fast, where slowly and which are the consequences for zoning plans. To mark the probability of transition three indicators have been used:
The economical volume per company, as a measure for the competitiveness against other agricultural companies elsewhere; The economical intensity of the agricultural use of land, as a measure for the competitiveness against non agricultural use of land within the municipality; The population per agricultural ha as a measure for the competitiveness of the non-agricultural use of land within the municipality.
On the basis of these indicators a ranking has been made of the probability of transition to nonagricultural use of land for local government. It is a relative picture in which the third of the municipalities - that according to the indicators; have the greatest probability of transition and are coloured red in the map. The third part of the municipalities that have the lowest probability of transition are coloured green, in other words agriculture is most persistent here. The municipalities that are neither green nor red take up a middle position in the probability of transition.
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Kans van gemeenten op transitie naar niet-agrarisch grondgebruik Joep Crompvoets
[email protected] and Herman Agricola Alterra en Plant Research International Wageningen UR, The Netherlands. http://www.alterra.nl http://www.plant.wageningen-ur.nl/ Aan het begin van de 21ste eeuw staat het Nederlandse platteland grote veranderingen te wachten. De landbouw heeft niet langer de vanzelfsprekende rol in het buitengebied als in de afgelopen decennia. De liberaliserende wereldhandel en de uitbreiding van de Europese Unie met miljoenen hectaren goedkope grond en miljoenen goedkope arbeidskrachten zou een aantasting van de concurrentiepositie van de Nederlandse landbouw kunnen betekenen. De landbouw heeft bovendien te maken met een toenemende wet- en regelgeving op het gebied van milieu en het behoud van natuur- en landschap. Ook zal de landbouw in groeiende mate concurrentie ondervinden van andere functies in het landelijk gebied. Wonen en werken vragen steeds meer ruimte en zijn kapitaalkrachtiger dan de landbouw. Daarnaast groeit de ruimtevraag van collectieve functies zoals waterberging, recreatie en natuur. Door de eenwording wordt het voor Nederlandse landbouwers aantrekkelijk zich elders in Europa te vestigen, waar grond en arbeid goedkoper zijn en waar minder beperkende regels gelden. Om de vraag te beantwoorden waar de transitie naar niet-agrarisch grondgebruik snel of langzaam zal gaan is een ruimtelijk-economische verkenning uitgevoerd op gemeentelijk niveau. Ook voor gemeenten is regeren vooruitzien. Waar zal de transitie naar niet-agrarisch grondgebruik naar verwachting snel gaan, waar langzaam en welke consequenties heeft dit voor bestemmingsplannen. Om de transitiekans aan te geven zijn drie indicatoren gebruikt: o de economische omvang per bedrijf, als maat voor de concurrentiekracht tegenover agrarische bedrijven elders o de economische intensiteit van het agrarisch grondgebruik, als maat voor de concurrentiekracht tegenover niet-agrarisch grondgebruik binnen de gemeente o de bevolkingsdruk per agrarische ha, als maat voor de concurrentiekracht van het niet- agrarisch grondgebruik binnen de gemeente Op basis van de drie indicatoren is een rangschikking gemaakt van de kans op transitie naar nietagrarisch grondgebruik van gemeenten. Het is een relatief beeld waarbij het derde deel van de gemeenten dat volgens de indicatoren de grootste kans op transitie maakt rood gekleurd is. Het derde deel van de gemeenten dat groen gekleurd is maakt de geringste kans op transitie, oftewel de land- en tuinbouw is hier het meest persistent. De gemeenten die groen noch rood zijn aangegeven nemen een tussenpositie in de kans op transitie is hier gemiddeld. Bron: GIAB, LEI landbouwtellingen 2001, CBS 2001 Referentie: Logo: Alterra en PRI Alterra: Herman Agricola
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Case Study
Silence Map of the Netherlands Joep Crompvoets
[email protected] and Jo hoogenboom Staatsbosbeheer Natuurmonumenten en Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu http://www.alterra.nl Keywords: Noise, Wild life, Forests, Planning Description of Problem Apart from a need for an intrinsic quality of nature in the Netherlands there is a need for a conscious experience of nature. Silence is an important part of this experience. An area of nature where in the background the constant noise of a highway is heard appeals less to one’s imagination than an area where only the rustle of trees is heard. By bringing these areas to the attention, on the one hand a signal is given that there are indeed still ‘silent’ areas in the Netherlands but on the other hand that these areas are becoming smaller and if they are not taken into adequately account, then these areas will disappear at the end because of the growing building and infrastructure. On the map those areas (of the Forest Commission and of Nature Monuments) are made visible that are outside the limit of 40 decibels. This is based on so the called twenty-four-hours values. 40 decibels is the sound intensity of whispering and 60 decibels is the sound intensity of a conversation at a 1-meter distance. For comparison, a chain saw produces a sound intensity of 110 decibels. In short, the visible green areas are areas where the average sound intensity is so low that one can talk of silence areas. Areas like the Wadden Islands, the Lauwersmeer and the Veluwe are well visible, as was to be expected, but surprisingly also areas such as the dunes close to Noordwijk and the Lage Vuursche near to Hilversum in the busy Randstad. By making visible these silence islands it is possible to indicate the special detail as well as the vulnerability of Dutch nature. Apart from that these silence areas are also of crucial importance for the survival of species that are sensitive to disturbance.
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Case Study
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Case Study
Stiltekaart van Nederland Joep Crompvoets
[email protected] and Jo hoogenboom Staatsbosbeheer Natuurmonumenten en Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu http://www.alterra.nl
Er is naast de behoefte aan intrinsieke natuurkwaliteit in Nederland ook behoefte aan een bewuste beleving van natuur. Stilte is een belangrijk onderdeel van deze beleving. Een natuurgebied waar op de achtergrond constant het geraas van een autoweg te horen is spreekt minder tot de verbeelding dan een gebied waar alleen het ruisen van de bomen te horen is. Door deze gebieden onder de aandacht te brengen wordt er aan de ene kant een signaal afgegeven dat er nog wel degelijk "stille" gebieden in Nederland bestaan, maar aan de andere kant dat deze gebieden steeds kleiner worden en als er niet genoeg rekening mee wordt gehouden, deze gebieden door steeds verder oprukkende bebouwing en infrastructuur uiteindelijk zullen verdwijnen. Op de kaart zijn die gebieden (van Staatsbosbeheer én Natuurmonumenten) zichtbaar die buiten de 40decibel (dB) grens vallen. Dit is gebaseerd op zogenaamde etmaalwaardes. 40 dB is de geluidsterkte van gefluister en 60dB is gelijk aan de geluidsterkte van een gesprek dat op 1 meter afstand wordt gevoerd. Ter vergelijking, een kettingzaag produceert een geluidsterkte van 110 Db. Kortom de zichtbaar groene gebieden zijn gebieden waar de gemiddelde geluidswaarde zo laag is dat er sprake is van stiltegebieden. Gebieden als de Wadden-eilanden, het Lauwersmeer en de Veluwe zijn, zoals verwacht kan worden goed zichtbaar, maar verrassend genoeg ook gebieden zoals de duinen bij Noordwijk en Lage Vuursche bij Hilversum in de drukke Randstad. Door deze stilte-eilanden zichtbaar te maken kan zowel de bijzonderheid als de kwetsbaarheid van de Nederlandse natuur worden aangegeven. Hiernaast zijn deze stiltegebieden ook van cruciaal belang voor het overleven van verstorings gevoelige soorten. Bron: SBB, Natuurmonumenten en RIVM Referentie: Logo: SBB SBB: Jo hoogenboom:
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Case Study
Spatial coherence of ecological networks for Western Europe Joep Crompvoets
[email protected] and Geert Groot Bruinderink Alterra Ecology and Environment Section PO Box 23, 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands http://www.alterra.nl Keywords: Nature conservation, Red Deer, Bio-diversity, Ecological Network Description of the problem Nature in North-western Europe The Netherlands ranks first place in the world with respect to the fragmentation of its natural lands. An important aspect of the Dutch conservation policy on nature consists of strengthening, enlarging and interconnecting nature areas. In the memorandum of the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Conservation and Fishery called Nature for people, people for nature: Nature, Forest and Landscape in 21st century five programs are named that that have the objective of making the Netherlands more natural. The programs are International by nature and Grand by nature and form of the conservation policy. The Netherlands is actively working on the realisation of a European ecological network of which the Dutch ecological main structure is a part. For North-western Europe Natura 2000 is the basis of this Pan European network. Based on the example of the red deer, it explains how this can be started. It is of importance to note that in the wake of such a big mammal many other organisms will profit from the increase in population. The map shows the spatial coherence within and between areas for the red deer to live and potential areas for them to live, expressed in the extent to which exchange still can take place: the darker, the better. The quality of these areas has been determined and expressed in the sustainability of the population. The map also shows the important areas that are separated by barriers from other areas to live. This way it is possible to see in a blink of an eye how potentially good areas for the deer to live sometimes they are in areas with bad spatial coherence: the Netherlands, the Western part of France and North-western Germany. The Northwestern part of Europe contains large areas where the coherence of the landscape still is large and where there is space for a sustainable meta population. Examples are the Ardennes, the Eiffel and the Pfalz. With this study for a large mammal an important policy aspect for policy makers comes into the picture: where are the chances to restore the areas to live and where robust connections are needed. In short, how is it feasible in co-operation with neighbouring countries to realise a sustainable ecological network for a big mammal.
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Case Study
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Case Study
Ruimtelijke samenhang van ecologische netwerken voor West-Europa Joep Crompvoets
[email protected] and Geert Groot Bruinderink Alterra Ecology and Environment Section PO Box 23, 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands http://www.alterra.nl De natuur in Noordwest Europa, met Nederland voorop, behoort tot de meest versnipperde natuur van de wereld. Een belangrijk accent van het Nederlandse natuurbeheer bestaat uit het versterken en vergroten van natuurgebieden. In de LNV nota ‘Natuur voor mensen, mensen voor natuur’ worden vijf programma’s benoemd voor een natuurlijker Nederland, welke in 2020 dienen te zijn gerealiseerd. Daartoe behoren de programma’s Internationaal Natuurlijk en Groots Natuurlijk. Nederland zal actief werken aan de realisatie van een Europees ecologisch netwerk, waarvan de Nederlandse EHS onderdeel vormt. Voor Noordwest Europa vormt Natura 2000 de basis van dit Pan-Europees ecologisch netwerk. Aan de hand van het voorbeeld van het edelhert wordt hier in beeld gebracht hoe hiermee een begin kan worden gemaakt. Hierbij is het van belang te bedenken dat in het kielzog van zo’n groot zoogdier tal van andere organismen zullen profiteren van schaalvergroting. Bijgaande kaart toont de ruimtelijke samenhang binnen en tussen leefgebieden en potentiële leefgebieden voor het edelhert, uitgedrukt in de mate waarin nog uitwisseling tussen de gebieden kan optreden: hoe donkerder, hoe beter. De kwaliteit van deze leefgebieden is met behulp van een landschapsecologisch model bepaald en uitgedrukt in de duurzaamheid van de populatie. In de kaart zijn ook de belangrijke gebieden opgenomen die door barrières van overig leefgebied zijn afgescheiden. Zo blijkt in een oogopslag hoe potentieel goed leefgebied voor het edelhert soms is gelegen in gebieden met een slechte ruimtelijke samenhang: Nederland, West Frankrijk en Noordwest Duitsland. Noordwest Europa bevat echter ook grote gebieden waar de landschappelijke samenhang nog groot is en waar plek is voor een duurzame metapopulatie. Voorbeelden zijn de Ardennen, de Eiffel en de Pfalz. Met voorliggende studie komt voor een grote zoogdiersoort een belangrijk beleidsaspect in beeld voor beleidsmakers: waar zijn er nog kansen om leefgebied te herstellen en waar zijn robuuste verbindingen op hun plaats. Kortom, hoe kan, in samenwerking met de buurlanden, een duurzaam ecologisch netwerk voor een grote zoogdiersoort worden gerealiseerd. Bron: Referentie: Groot Bruinderink, G.W.T.A., T. van der Sluis, D. Lammertsma, P. Opdam & R. Pouwels 2003. Designing a coherent ecological network for large mammals in Northwestern Europe. Conservation Biology 17(2): 549 – 557. Logo: Alterra
Alterra: Geert Groot Bruinderink
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Annex 1 The GINIE case study template [Title: punchy, not more than 8 words] [Author/organisation] Keywords – please provide up to five keywords related to the case study. Photograph + acknowledgements (it is mandatory to supply a photograph) Note: Please ensure the colour photograph or (35 mm slide, or negative/positive) is of a quality that is readable when reduced to a size 5.2 cms by 8.2 cms to fit the page and when printed. The photograph should clearly indicate to the lay reader the application area to which the case study appertains. Description of Application Describe in not more than 300 words the real world application using language that will be readily understood by the lay reader. Use subtitles to break it up. Is the application mandatory as a result of government legislation? (Note: This section of the case study is mandatory. Benefits List up to a maximum of four benefits (as bullet points) in order of greatest benefit first. i.e. list in descending order. The benefits to be those to the Country (Society) rather than to the efficiency of the organisation. Note: This section of the case study is mandatory. Issues List the issues resolved and/or outstanding which need to be addressed related to this case study. For the outstanding issues whom should take action to resolve them and why. Note: This section of the case study is mandatory. Data Used List the data sets used (as bullet points) and provide an indication whether the data set is internal or external to the organisation. List the datasets that provided the key benefits first. Use terms that will be understood by the lay reader. Note: This section of the case study is optional. Relevant background information Briefly describe using language that will be readily understood by the lay reader any relevant background information which would assist in the understanding of this case study. e.g. does the application conform to any GI standards? Is the application in constant use, periodic use or used for a one off event such as managing a major public event? How many people use the application? (directly as users and indirectly as recipients of the information produced by the application). Note: This section of the case study is optional. Funding Briefly outline how the application was funded. e.g. did the application receive any funding from government or European or other sources? Is the application funded by the use of the application. i.e. by provision of a service? Was it funded internally within the organisation. Provide an indication if known of the expected pay back period. Note: This section of the case study is mandatory Acknowledgements List any relevant acknowledgements, references (such as relevant legislation, or World Wide Web URL where the application is accessible). Please indicate whether this case study has been published before if so where and when. Note: This section of the case study is optional.
