Perkembangan Teknologi Nano (Nanotechnology) dan Aplikasinya di Industri Pangan

07/05/2014

Perkembangan Teknologi Nano (Nanotechnology) dan Aplikasinya di Industri Pangan Purwiyatno Hariyadi phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id • Profesor Rekayasa Proses Pangan, Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, IPB • Direktur, Southeast Asian Food & Agricultural Science & Technology (SEAFAST) Center, LPPM, IPB • Pemimpin Redaksi FOODREVIEW INDONESIA

Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]

Perkembangan Teknologi Nano (Nanotechnology) dan Aplikasinya di Industri Pangan Purwiyatno Hariyadi

Disajikan pada : FOODREVIEW Seminar “Update on Nanotechnology in Food Industries” Jakarta Convention Center 9 Mei 2014


Purwiyatno Hariyadi http://phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id/ [email protected]

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Perkembangan Teknologi Nano (Nanotechnology) dan Aplikasinya di Industri Pangan MENU: • Sejarah singkat • Teknologi Nano • • •

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Definisi? Deskripsi? Novelty?

Aplikasi di Industri Pangan Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]

• SEJARAH ... The concepts of nanotechnology are not new to nature or to mankind. An early example of a manmade nanoprocess is stained glass (Quiñonez, A., 2008) .*)

Figure 1.7: Stained glass windows.

*) Introduction to Nanotechnology.Austin Community College )

Figure 1.8: Picture of gold nano particles

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• SEJARAH ... Pemenang Nobel Fisika Richard Feynman, pada 29 Desember 1959, memberikan Presentasi di Pertemuan Tahunan Americal Physical Society, di Caltech. • Judul presentasi “There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom” • Pertama kali mengemukakan bahwa karakteristik bahan (material) pada skala nanometer akan memberikan berbagai peluang baru ke masa depan. “Why cannot we write the entire 24 volumes of the Encyclopedia Britannica on the head of a pin?” (Zyvex, 2007). Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]

• SEJARAH ...

Professor Taniguchi (1974) of Tokyo Science University used the word “nanotechnology” to describe the science and technology of processing or building parts with nanometric tolerances.



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• SEJARAH ... Ahli Fisika dan penulis : • Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology (1986)  untuk umum, dan • Nanosystems: Molecular Machinery, Manufacturing, and Computation (a quantitative, physics-based analysis)  untuk spesialist. • Menggunakan dan mempopulerkan istilah Nanotechnology/Nanosystem: Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]

• TEKNOLOGI NANO. Apa itu? • Teknologi Nano (Nanotechnology) : • Mencakup disain, karakterisasi, produksi dan aplikasi suatu stuktur (bahan), alat atau sistem pada skala nano. • Mencakup kegiatan yang sangat luas lebih tepat disebut sebagai teknologi-teknologi nano ('nanotechnologies‘).



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• NANO ? Berasal dari Yunani; yang artinya “kerdil”  kecil - 1 nm = 10-9 m


• NANO: Seberapa kecil ? 1 m = 1 mikron

1Å= 1 Angstrom

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Skala nano Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]


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• NANO: Seberapa kecil ?

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Skala nano Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]


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Nanometer Sukrosa :



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~ 5000 nm



~8*103 nm

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~ 5000 nm



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~8*103 nm

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~8*103 nm

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10 nm Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]


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 2 nm  diameter molekul DNA (helix)  5 nm  diameter molekul insulin  6 nm  diameter molekul hemoglobin  10nm  ketebalan dinding sel bakteri gram negatif  200nm  diameter bakteri terkecil



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• Teknologi Susu : – – – –

Misel kasein  50-300 nm Protein whey  4-6 nm Laktosa  0.5 nm Gobula lemak  300 nm



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• Teknologi Nano tidak merupakan teknologi yang sama sekali BARU • Hanya.. • Perkembangan peralatan dan instrumentasi telah memungkinkan perkembangan yg BARU

10 nm



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Microscopy: • scanning electron, • transmission electron, and • atomic force microscopy 10 nm Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]


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• NOVELTY: Size matters ! Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different

Skala Nano

Skala Makro



Potensi perubahan salah satu (atau lebih) sifat-sifat : • Optis (warna, transparansi)? atau • Elektrik (konduktivitas)? atau • Fisik (kekerasan,titik leleh, difusifitas) atau • Kimia (reaktivitas, (konstant) laju reaksi)

Sifat-sifat baru (“nano-ness”) ini menciptakan partikel atau bahan yang unik (‘baru’)

Skala Nano

Skala Makro



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• NOVELTY: Size matters ! Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different Meningkatnya luas permukaan 1 kubus p=l=t=1cm

64 kubus @ p=l=t=0.25cm

8 kubus @ p=l=t=0.5cm A= 6*(0,5*0,5) cm2 A= 1,5 cm2

A=6*1cm2 A=6 cm2 A= 8 *1,5 cm2 A= 12 cm2

A= 6*(0,25*0,25) cm2 A= 0,375 cm2

A= 8*8 * 0,375 cm2 A= 24 cm2 Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]


1 kubus p=l=t=1cm

A=6*1cm2 A=6 cm2

Luas Permukaan TOTAL (cm2)

Meningkatnya luas permukaan 250 200 150 100 50 0 0

0,5

1

1,5

Sisi kubus (cm) Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]


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• NOVELTY: Size matters ! Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different Meningkatnya luas permukaan

Meningkatkan reaktivitas?

Meningkatnya bioavailabilitas

Meningkatkan Toksisitas?

Dosis efektif lebih kecil

Menurunkan dosis toksik? (LD50 <<)?

Meningkatnya kemampuan penetrasi

Mempengaruhi ekosistem permukaan?

Mempercepat “onset of action”

Toksisitas baru? Karena rute/transport yg berbeda?

Potensi BARU

Risiko BARU Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]

• NOVELTY: Size matters ! Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different Contoh  Nano-ness

There is an indication that nanoparticles interact with biological systems like molecules.

J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2007, 7, 3048.

Risiko BARU Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]


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• NOVELTY: Size matters ! Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different Contoh  Nano-ness • Emas :

• Dalam skala makro (bulk gold) berwarna kuning (emas)

• Dalam skala nano berwarna merah Partikel emas (12 nm)


• NOVELTY: Size matters ! Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different Contoh  Nano-ness • Zink : • Dalam skala makro (bulk zink) berwarna putih dan opaque; • Zinc nano : transparan

• Karbon : • Carbon nanotubes : penghantar listrik Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]


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• NOVELTY: Size matters ! Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different Contoh  Nano-ness • Partikel ZnO ukuran makro: • Menahan cahaya UV • Menyebarkan cahaya tampa • Berwarna putih • Partikel ZnO ukuran nano • Menahan cahaya UV • Tidak menyebarkan cahaya tampak • Transparan • Application to sunscreen • TiO2 : Application to sunscreen Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]

• NOVELTY: Size matters ! Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different Contoh  Nano-ness • Silver • Pada skala makro, perak  inerrt • Pada kala nano : partikel perak , 1 nm - 100 nm. • Campuran antara perak dan perak oksida. • Anti bakterial, anti kapang • Aplikasi : • Refrigerator , AC ( pelapisan nano perak pada permukaan yang dilalui aliran udara). • Bandage (plester) • Kaos kaki & pakaian dalam



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• NOVELTY: Size matters ! Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different Contoh  Nano-ness • Silver

http://www.bluemoongoods.com/silver_nanoparticle_food_containers.htm Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]

• NOVELTY: Size matters ! Nano’ is best understood to mean fundamentally different Contoh  Nano-ness • Silver

http://babydream.en.ec21.com



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• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN? Pada 2008: 104 Jenis pangan, bahan tambahan pangan, food contact materials (kemasan, dll), peralatan masak, dan kimia pertanian mengandung partikel nano (FOE, 2008)


• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN? Nanofood ? Food which has been cultivated, produced, processed or packaged using nanotechnology techniques or tools, or to which manufactured nanomaterials have been added (Joseph and Morrison 2006).

Contoh : • Nano-ingredients, nanomaterial additives • Nano iron or zinc, dll

Joseph T, Morrison M. 2006. Nanotechnology in Agriculture and Food. Nanoforum Report. Available at: http://www.nanoforum.org/dateien/temp/nanotechnology%20in%20agriculture%20and%20food.pdf?08122006 200524 (accessed 17 January 2008).



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• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN?

Strawberries in a conventional food container (upper row) and nano-silver container (lower row). (Test series and pictures: The Innovation Society Ltd.) http://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=9292.php#ixzz2CchTJQhr Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]

• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN? Contoh aplikasi



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• Nano Synergy Energy Booster (Vitamin, Calcium, B-Complex)

• Lycopene (supplement carotenoid, phytosterols by BASF) Source: www.sprayforlife.com, BASF, The Chemical Company



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• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN? Contoh aplikasi Health Ingredient

Main Reason for Formulation

Nanopartikel

Carotenoids

Bioavailability Color Strength

Solid

Co-Enzyme Q10

Bioavailability

Solid

Vitamin A

Stability through encapsulation

Droplet

Vitamin E

Compressibility, use in tablets Droplet

Vitamin D, K


Droplet

PUFAs


Droplet Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]

• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN? Contoh aplikasi Nanoparticles: Vitamins and Carotenoids Principles (BASF)

Powder Particle, 0.3 mm

• Partikel nano bebas tidak bertahan dalam udara teroksidasi spontan • Partikel nano perlu dilindungi dlm struktur matriks;  berada dalam partikel bubuk makro Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]


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• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN? Contoh aplikasi • lebih ringan •Lebih kuat • Lebih mampu menahan gas (minimisasi kehilangan CO2 pada produk bir, (carbonated products) Nanoclay particle based Beer Bottle (Nanocor Inc) Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]




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A selection of major food and agriculture companies engaged in nanotechnology research and development (ETC Group 2004; Innovest 2006; Renton 2006; Wolfe 2005). Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]




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• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN? Nano-foods now on sale include (FOE, 2008): • Cooking oil, teas • ‘Health’ supplements and diet products • Colour and nutritional additives for soft drinks, dairy and bakery products • Food processing aids • Long-life packaging • Antibacterial kitchenware • Fertilisers, pesticides and agrochemicals


• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN? Contoh produk di US : Perusahaan Nanoceuticals™ (RBC Life Sciences) • Produk : “Slim Shake Chocolate” • Milkshake untuk diet; menggunakan partikel nano silika dilapiskan pada “cocoa clusters” • Meningkatkan citarasa dengan jumlah cocoa dan gula yg lebih sedikit • Health risks? Purwiyatno Hariyadi/seafast center, ipb. [email protected]


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• APLIKASI di INDUSTRI PANGAN? Contoh produk di INDONESIA????


Masa depan?

Pertimbangan umum dalam evaluasi produk teknologi Nano : • Karakterisasi • Keamanan • Dampak lingkungan



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Masa depan? Precautionary principles : The UK Royal Society recommended in 2004: • Full safety assessment of all products that contain nano prior to market release • All nano ingredients to be labelled • Environmental release of nanomaterials to be avoided as far as possible • Factories and research laboratories to treat nanomaterials as if they were hazardous


Masa depan? Nanotechnology Language • • • • • • •

Nanobio Nanodots Nanowires Nanoelectronics Nanobots Nanomaterials Nanochondria



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Masa depan?

"The Next Big Thing Is Really Small”


Terimakasih ... Purwiyatno Hariyadi: [email protected]



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Perkembangan Teknologi Nano (Nanotechnology) dan Aplikasinya di Industri Pangan

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