PERANCANGAN HOLLOW JET VALVE BENDUNGAN NIPAH MADURA
TUGAS AKHIR BIDANG KONSTRUKSI Diajukan kepada Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Untuk Memenuhi Persyaratan Akademik DalamMenyelesaikan Program SarjanaTeknik (S1)
Oleh : VIKY SETIAWAN 201110120311142
JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2016
KATA PENGANTAR Assalamu’alaikum Wr.Wb Puji syukur saya panjatkan kepada kehadirat Allah SWT atas rahmat dan hidayahnya laporan tugas akhir dengan judul “Perancangan Hollow Jet Valve” ini akhirnya dapat terselesaikan. Dalam penyusunan skripsi ini, terdapat banyak hambatan yang dihadapi, namun berkat bantuan semua pihak segala hambatan dapat teratasi. Sepatutnya saya juga ungkapkan terima kasih atas jasa baik yang selama ini, baik nasehat, petunjuk, ide, saran, serta bimbingan berupa apa pun sehingga penyusun dapat menyelesaikan sekripsi ini. penyusun juga berterima kasih kepada : 1. Kedua orang tua yang selalu memberikan support dan do’a. 2. Bapak Ir. Eko Hariyadi, MT. Selaku Dosen Pembimbing I yang telah memberikan bimbingan serta arahan secara intensif selama penyusunan sekripsi ini dilakukan. 3. Ibu Iis Siti A. ST,.MT,.PhD Selaku Dosen Pembimbing II yang telah memberikan masukan ide, serta saran dan cara-cara penulisan sehingga terselesaikannya skripsi ini. 4. Bapak/Ibu Dosen yang telah bersedia memberikan bantuan berupa bimbingan teori baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. 5. Teman-teman sebimbingan, rekan-rekan laboraturium di lingkungan Teknik Mesin, serta teman-teman seangkatan Teknik Mesin 2011. 6. Dan semua pihak yang tidak bisa penulis sebutkan satu persatu. Dalam penyusunan skripsi ini tentunya terdapat kekurangan. Oleh sebab itu segala kritik dan saran yang bersifat membangunakan sangat diharapkan. Penulis berharap Tugas Akhir ini dapat berguna bagi semua pihak khususnya untuk pengembangan bendungan-bendungan saat ini. Malang, 25 Januari 2016
VIKY SETIAWAN
DAFTAR ISI COVER .................................................................................................................................... i POSTER.................................................................................................................................. ii LEMBAR PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI ................................................................................... iii LEMBAR ASISTENSI TUGAS AKHIR ............................................................................... iv LEMBAR ASISTENSI TUGAS AKHIR ............................................................................... v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN .................................................................................................... vi ABTRAKSI INDONESIA .................................................................................................... vii ABTRAKSI INGGRIS ........................................................................................................ viii KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................................... ix DAFTAR ISI........................................................................................................................... x DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................................ xii DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................................ xiv I. PENDAHULUAN ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar belakang .................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Rumusan masalah ............................................................................................ 2 1.3 Tujuan perancangan ......................................................................................... 3 1.4 Batasan masalah ............................................................................................... 3 II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .............................................................................................. 4 2.1 Bendungan ...................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Katup (valve) .................................................................................................. 4 2.3 Hollow jet velve ............................................................................................... 5 2.4 Tekanan hidrostatis .......................................................................................... 6 2.5 Kecepatan luas arus dan debit koreaksi ........................................................... 7 2.5.1 Koefisien Konstraksi (coefficient of contraction) ................................ 7 2.5.2 Koefisien kecepatan (coefficient of velocity) ....................................... 7 2.5.3 Koefisien debit (coefficient of discharge) ............................................ 7 2.6 Gaya gesek ....................................................................................................... 8 2.7 Porosulir pendorong ......................................................................................... 8 2.7.1 Tegangan geser akibat gaya aksial ....................................................... 9 2.7.2 Tegangang pada ulir ........................................................................... 10 2.7.3 Tekanan normal ................................................................................. 10 2.7.4 tekanan permukaan ............................................................................ 10 2.8 Roda gigi ........................................................................................................ 12 2.9 Kopling ......................................................................................................... 18 2.10 Pasak .............................................................................................................. 25 III. MOTODELOGI PERANCANGAN ....................................................................... 26 3.1 Studi Literatur ................................................................................................ 26 3.2 Metode pengumpulan data ............................................................................. 26
3.3 Memilih spesifikasi bahan ............................................................................. 29 3.4 Perhitungan perancangan ............................................................................... 29 3.5 Flowchart perancangan .................................................................................. 29 3.6 Konsep Desain .............................................................................................. 30 3.7 Cara Kerja ..................................................................................................... 33 IV. PERANCANGAN ................................................................................................... 34 4.1 Kondisi perancangan ...................................................................................... 34 4.2 Debit maksimum ............................................................................................ 34 4.3 Beban Operasi hollow jet velve ..................................................................... 35 4.3.1 Tekanan Hidrostatis ............................................................................ 35 4.3.2 Gaya tekan hollow jet valve ............................................................... 36 4.3.3 Gaya gesek.......................................................................................... 37 4.3.4 Beban total .......................................................................................... 39 4.4 Mekanisme penggerak hollow jet valve ........................................................ 40 4.4.1 Poros ulir pendorong .......................................................................... 40 4.4.2 Menentukan daya penggerak .............................................................. 45 4.4.3 Perencanaan roda gigi kerucut............................................................ 49 4.4.4 Perencanaan pasak .............................................................................. 54 4.4.5 Kopling flens ...................................................................................... 56 V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN.................................................................................. 61 4.1 Kesimpulan .................................................................................................... 61 4.2 Saran .............................................................................................................. 63 DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN
DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 : Hollow jet valve ..................................................................................... 6 Gambar 2.2 : Tekanan Hidrostatis ............................................................................... 6 Gambar 2.3: Kecepatan Air Melalui Lubang ............................................................... 7 Gambar 2.4 : Gaya gesek (F) ....................................................................................... 8 Gambar 2.5 : Bidang poros ulir................................................................................... 9 Gambar 2.6 : Klasifikasi Roda Gigi .......................................................................... 13 Gambar 2.7 : Roda Gigi Lurus .................................................................................. 13 Gambar 2.8 : Roda Gigi Miring ................................................................................ 14 Gambar 2.9 : Rodagigi Miring Ganda ...................................................................... 14 Gambar2.10 : Roda Gigi Dalam ................................................................................ 15 Gambar2.11 : Pinyon Dan batang gigi ....................................................................... 15 Gambar2.12 : Roda Gigi Kerucut Lurus .................................................................... 16 Gambar2.13 : Roda Gigi Spiral ................................................................................. 16 Gambar2.14 : Roda Gigi Permukaan ......................................................................... 16 Gambar2.15 : Roda Gigi Miring Silang ..................................................................... 17 Gambar2.16 : Roda Gigi Cacing Slindris .................................................................. 17 Gambar2.17: Roda Gigi Cacing Globoid................................................................... 18 Gambar2.18: Roda Gigi Hipo .................................................................................... 18 Gambar2.19: Macam-Macam Kopling ...................................................................... 19 Gambar2.20: Kopling Flens Kaku ............................................................................. 21 Gambar2.21: Kopling Flens Terbuka ........................................................................ 22 Gambar2.22: Kopling Flens Tertutup ........................................................................ 22 Gambar2.23: Kopling Marine Type ........................................................................... 23 Gambar2.24: Pasak Memanjang ................................................................................ 25 Gambar3.1: Flowchart Perancangan .......................................................................... 29 Gambar3.2: Konsep desain hollow jet valve ............................................................. 30 Gambar3.3: Chassing depan ...................................................................................... 30 Gambar3.4 :Chasing Belakang .................................................................................. 31 Gambar3.5 :Tutup Roda Gigi .................................................................................... 31 Gambar3.6 : Roda gigi kerucut .................................................................................. 31 Gambar3.7 : Poros ulir Pendorong............................................................................. 32 Gambar3.8 : Plunyer (valve) ...................................................................................... 32 Gambar3.9 : Tata letak hollow jet di bendungan ....................................................... 33 Gambar3.10 : Sekema letak hollow jet valve ............................................................ 34 Gambar 4.1 : diameter lubang masuk aliran hollow jet valve ................................... 35 Gambar 4.2 : Tekanan Hidrostatis ............................................................................. 36 Gambar 4.3 : Diameter silender ................................................................................. 36 Gambar 4.4: Gaya tekan pada bidang silinder .......................................................... 37
Gambar 4.5 : dimensi plunyer .................................................................................... 38 Gambar 4.6 : properties plunyer ................................................................................ 39 Gambar4.7 : Putaran Ulir .......................................................................................... 40 Gambar4.8 : Ulir pendorong ..................................................................................... 41 Gambar4.9 :Sistem penggerak ................................................................................. 48 Gambar4.10 :Pasak pada poros .................................................................................. 54 Gambar4.16 :kopling flens......................................................................................... 56
DAFTAR TABEL Table2.1 :tekanan permukaan .................................................................................... 11 Tabel2.2 :Tekanan permukaan dan kecepatan ........................................................... 11 Tabel2.3 :Klasifikasi Roda Gigi ................................................................................ 12 Tabel2.4 :Bahan untuk flens dan baut kopling tetap.................................................. 20 Tabel2.7 :jumlah baut dan d poros marine type flange coupling ............................... 24 Table 4.1 :Beberapa nilai koefisien gesek antara dua permukaan ............................. 38
DAFTAR PUSTAKA Andrijanto, R. S. (2009, Desember 14). jatiluhurdam's blog. Retrieved from http://jatiluhurdam.wordpress.com/: http://jatiluhurdam.wordpress.com/2009/12/14/hollow-jet-valve/ K.Gieck. (n.d.). Kumpulan Rumus Teknik. Maryono, D. I., Muth, P. I., & Eisenhauer, P. D. (2003). Hidrolika Teapan ( Applied Hydraulics ). Jakarta: PT. Pradnya Paramita. Niemann, G. (1992). Elemen mesin, jilid 1 : disain dan kalkulasi dari sambungan, bantalan dan poros . Jakarta: Erlangga, 1986. Sangsoro, D. (1990). Teknik Sumber Daya Air Jilid 1 Edisi Ketiga. Jakarta. Soedibyo, I. (2003 ). Teknik Bendungan. Pradnya Paramita. Soedradjat, A. (1983). Mekanika Fluida dan hidrolika. In A. S. S, Mekanika Fluida dan hidrolika. Bandung: Nova, Bandung. Soomil, E. Y. (1957). California Patent No. 2.784.730. Sularso. (1987). Dasar Perencanaan Dan Pemilihan Elemen Mesin. Bandung, Indonesia: PT. Pertja. Timoshenko, S. (1987). Mekanika Teknik. Jakarta: Erlangga. Yowono, I. N. (1997). Hidrolika 1. Yogyakarta: PT. Hanindita .
