TUGAS AKHIR
PERANCANGAN ALAT PEMBACAAN pH METER PADA BOILER HRSG
Diajukan guna melengkapi sebagian syarat dalam mencapai gelar Sarjana Strata Satu ( S1)
DISUSUN OLEH :
NAMA
: GATOT SUSANTO
NIM
: 41409120050
PROGRAM STUDI
: TEKNIK ELEKTRO
PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK ELEKTRO FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS MERCU BUANA JAKARTA 2014
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KATA PENGANTAR Alhamdulillah, puji dan syukur penulis ucapkan kehadirat Allah SWT, karena berkat rahmat dan hidayah-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan Tugas akhir ini, yang merupakan salah satu persyaratan untuk mencapai Gelar Sarjana (S1) Teknik Elektro. Fakultas Teknik Industri Universitas Mercu Buana, dengan judul: “ Perancangan Alat Pembacaan pH Meter Pada Boiler HRSG” Selama berlangsungnya penulisan Tugas Akhir ini hingga menyelesaikannya, penulis banyak mendapat bantuan dan dukungan serta masukan dalam penulisan Karya Akhir dari banyak pihak. Pada kesempatan ini penulis menyampaikan penghargaan yang setinggi-tingginya serta ucapan terima kasih yang sebesar-besarnya kepada : 1. Allah S.W.T atas segala Rahmat dan Hidayah-Nya. 2. Kedua Orang tua dan Kerabat yang telah dan selalu memberikan dukungan dan semangat kepada penulis sehingga dapat terselesaikannya laporan Kerja Praktek ini. 3. Bapak Ir. Yudhi Gunardi, MT selaku Ketua Jurusan Fakultas Teknik Universitas Mercubuana Jakarta. 4. Bapak Dr. Andi Adriansyah M.Eng Selaku Pembimbing yang telah banyak memberikan dukungan serta memberikan bimbingan dan nasehatnya yang sangat berguna demi terselesaikannya Tugas Akhir ini. 5. Rekan-rekan mahasiswa kelas karyawan teknik elektro angkatan XVI Universitas Mercu Buana, terimakasih atas kebersamaan dan suntikan semangatnya.
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Penulis menyadari bahwa Tugas Akhir yang di buat ini masih jauh dari sempurna karena keterbatasan pengetahuan penulis, untuk itu penulis mengharapkan adanya kritik dan saran dari berbagai pihak guna menyempurnakan Tugas Akhir yang di buat ini. Sebagai penutup kata, kami mengharapkan semoga Tugas Akhir ini berguna dan bermanfaat bagi penulis pada khususnya dan bagi para pembaca pada umumnya.
Jakarta, 10 Juli 2014 Penulis
Gatot Susanto NIM : 41409120050
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL .................................................................................................
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LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ..........................................................................................
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LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .........................................................................................
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ABSTRAK ..............................................................................................................
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KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................
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DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................
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DAFTAR TABEL ......................................................................................................
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DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................................
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DAFTAR GRAFIK ....................................................................................................
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BAB I
PENDAHULUAN.....................................................................................
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1.1 Latar Belakang...............................................................................
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1.2 Rumusan Masalah. ........................................................................
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1.3 Batasan Masalah ...........................................................................
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...................................................................................................... 1.4 Tujuan Penelitian ...........................................................................
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1.5 Manfaat Penelitian.........................................................................
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1.6 Sistematika Penulisan.....................................................................
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BAB II LANDASAN TEORI .....................................................................................
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2.1 Teori Dasar pH ..............................................................................
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2.1.1
Dasar Pengukuran Derajat Keasaman ........................................
2.1.2 Pengertian Derajat Keasaman ......................................................
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.............................................................................. 2.1.3 Asam ............................................................................................
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2.1.4 Basa ............................................................................................
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2.1.5 Kalorimetri ...................................................................................
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2.1.6 Potensiometri ..............................................................................
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2.2 Arduino Uno ...................................................................................
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2.2.1 Deskripsi Arduino Uno..................................................................
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2.2.2 Catu Daya .....................................................................................
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2.2.3 Memory .......................................................................................
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2.2.4 Input dan Output .........................................................................
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2.2.5 Komunikasi Arduino Uno ..............................................................
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2.2.6 Programing Arduino Uno ..............................................................
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2.2.7 Perangkay Lunak ( Arduino IDE ) ...................................................
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2.2.8 Otomatis reset .............................................................................
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2.3 Sensor pH SEN0161 .........................................................................
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2.3.1 Spesifikasi Sensor pH SEN0161 .....................................................
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2.4 Liquid Crystal Display ( LCD 16x2 I2C )..............................................
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2.4.1 Fitur Utama I2C ............................................................................
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2.4.2 Keuntungan I2C ............................................................................
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2.5 Boiler HRSG ( Heat recovery steam generator ) ................................
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2.5.1 Sampling rack boiler HRSG............................................................
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2.5.2 Permasalahan Boiler HRSG ...........................................................
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BAB III PERANCANGAN SISTEM ...........................................................................
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............................................................................................................................. 3.1. Spesifikasi Perancangan ...............................................................
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3.2. Perancangan Perangkat Keras............................... ........................
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3.3. Perancangan Perangkat Lunak.............................................. .........
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BAB IV ANALISA PENGUJIAN SISTEM ....................................................................
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4.1
Tujuan Pengujian .........................................................................
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4.2 Pengujian Board Arduino UNO ........................................................
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4.3. Pengujian Software Arduini IDE .......................................................
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4.4 Pengujian LCD 16x2 I2C........................................................ 4.5 Pengujian Alat.........................................................................
BAB V
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4.5.1 Pengujian Dengan Buffer 4 ............................................................
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4.5.2 Pengujian Dengan Buffer 7 ............................................................
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4.5.3 Pengujian Dengan Buffer 10 ..........................................................
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4.6 Trial Error Pada Sensor ...................................................................
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4.7 Setting Deviasi Pada Program Sensor ..............................................
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4.7.1 Setting Deviasi Positif ....................................................................
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4.7.2 Setting Deviasi Negatif ..................................................................
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4.8 Analisa Hasil Percobaan ..................................................................
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4.9 Pembacaan pH Pada Boiler Water IP Drum .....................................
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4.10 Alat Pembanding Sebagai Referensi................................................
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KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .............................................................
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5.1 Kesimpulan..............................................................................
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5.2 Saran........................................................................................
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA .................................................................................................
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 4.1 Hasil pembacaan sensor pH ...................................................................
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Tabel 4.2 Hasil setting deviasi positif .....................................................................
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Tabel 4.3 Hasil setting deviasi negatif ....................................................................
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Skema elektroda pH meter ................................................................
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Gambar 2.2 Skala pH untuk beberapa zat sehari hari ..................................
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Gambar 2.3 Board arduino uno ...................................................................
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Gambar 2.4 Kabel USB arduino uno ..........................................................
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Gambar 2.5 Tampilan framework arduino uno ...........................................
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Gambar 2.6 Schematic diagram sensor pH meter..................................................
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Gambar 2.7 LCD 16x2 I2C .....................................................................................
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Gambar 2.8 Parameter boiler water......................................................................
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Gambar 2.9 Sampling rack system ........................................................................
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Gambar 2.10 HP dan IP steam line ........................................................................
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Gambar 2.11 Feedwater line.................................................................................
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Gambar 2.12 HP / IP drum line .............................................................................
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Gambar 2.13 Condensate line ..............................................................................
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Gambar 2.14 Kerak pada pipa boiler .....................................................................
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Gambar 2.15 Korosi pada pipa boiler ....................................................................
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Gambar 3.1 Diagram alir sistem ............................................................................
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Gambar 3.2 Rangkaian LCD ...................................................................................
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Gambar 3.3 Rangkaian sensor pH .........................................................................
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Gambar 3.4 Rangkaian batterai.............................................................................
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Gambar 3.5 Compile program...............................................................................
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Gambar 4.1 Test board arduino uno ......................................................................
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Gambar 4.2 Compile program...............................................................................
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Gambar 4.3 Tampilan LCD.....................................................................................
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Gambar 4.4 Nilai pH dengan buffer 4 ....................................................................
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Gambar 4.5 Nilai pH dengan buffer 7 ....................................................................
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Gambar 4.6 Nilai pH dengan buffer 10 ..................................................................
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Gambar 4.7 Nilai deviasi .......................................................................................
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Gambar 4.8 Setting deviasi positif.........................................................................
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Gambar 4.9 Hasil pembacaan deviasi positif .........................................................
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Gambar 4.10 Setting deviasi negatif......................................................................
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Gambar 4.11 Hasil pembacaan deviasi negatif ......................................................
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Gambar 4.12 Pembacaan pH IP drum ...................................................................
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Gambar 4.13 Alat Pembanding .............................................................................
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Gambar 4.2 Compile program...............................................................................
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Gambar 4.3 Tampilan LCD.....................................................................................
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Gambar 4.4 Nilai pH dengan buffer 4 ....................................................................
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Gambar 4.5 Nilai pH dengan buffer 7 ....................................................................
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Gambar 4.6 Nilai pH dengan buffer 10 ..................................................................
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Gambar 4.7 Nilai deviasi .......................................................................................
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Gambar 4.8 Setting deviasi positif.........................................................................
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Gambar 4.9 Hasil pembacaan deviasi positif .........................................................
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Gambar 4.10 Setting deviasi negatif......................................................................
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Gambar 4.11 Hasil pembacaan deviasi negatif ......................................................
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Gambar 4.12 Pembacaan pH IP drum ...................................................................
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Gambar 4.13 Alat Pembanding .............................................................................
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DAFTAR GRAFIK
Grafik 4.1 Nilai korelasi buffer terhadap pembacaan ..................................
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Grafik 4.1 Nilai deviasi positif dan negatif .................................................
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