Volume 15 Nomor 2 September 2016
ARTIKEL PENELITIAN PENINGKATAN INDEKS STANDAR PENCEMARAN UDARA (ISPU) DAN KEJADIAN GANGGUAN SALURAN PERNAPASAN DI KOTA PEKANBARU HUBUNGAN KADAR PB DENGAN KADAR HB PADA ANAK DI WILAYAH DAUR ULANG AKI BEKAS INFORMAL DI BOGOR, DEPOK, TANGERANG, DAN BEKASI STUDI BIOAKUMULASI MERKURI DARI JALUR AIR LAUT OLEH KERANG DARAH (ANADARA GRANOSA) DAN KERANG HIJAU (PERNA VIRIDIS) PERILAKU MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGENDALIAN TIKUS DI DAERAH BERESIKO PENULARAN LEPTOSPIROSIS DI KABUPATEN KULON PROGO, YOGYAKARTA FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI PEMBENTUK INDIKATOR STATUS SOSIAL YANG BERPERAN DALAM KEBERLANGSUNGAN PEMANFAATAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN MATERNAL FAKTOR KONDISI PEKERJAAN YANG MEMPENGARUHI STRESS KERJA PADA PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL DI BADAN LITBANG KESEHATAN, KEMENTERIAN KESEHATAN
Jurnal Ekologi Kesehatan adalah media informasi hasil penelitian dan pengembangan bidang ekologi kesehatan untuk Pengelola Program Kesehatan dan masyarakat, serta merupakan sarana komunikasi para peneliti/pengelola/peminat bidang ekologi kesehatan
Jurnal Ekologi Kesehatan
Vol. 15
No. 2
Hal 76 - 139
Jakarta September 2016
Terakreditasi Nomor : 564/Akred /P2MI-LIPI/09/2013 Terbit 3 kali setahun
ISSN 1412-4025
Volume 15 Nomor 2 September 2016
p-ISSN : 1412-4025 e-ISSN : 2354-8754
Jurnal Ekologi Kesehatan The Indonesian Journal of Health Ecology Diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI, Jakarta Jalan Percetakan Negara 29 Kotak Pos 1226 Jakarta 10560 indonesia Telp/Fax. (021) 42872392, 4241921 Email:
[email protected] Website: http://ejournal.litbang.depkes.go.id/index.php/jek Penanggung Jawab/Pimpinan Umum Kepala Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Upaya Kesehatan Masyarakat Ketua Dewan Redaksi Dra. Athena, A. M.Si. (Kesehatan Lingkungan Balitbangkes, Indonesia) Wakil Ketua Dewan Redaksi Dr. Ir. Anies Irawati, M.Kes. (Gizi Masyarakat, Balitbangkes, Indonesia) Anggota Dewan Redaksi Dr. Dede Anwar Musadad, S.K.M, M.Kes. (Kesehatan Lingkungan, Balitbangkes) Drs. Kasnodihardjo (Sosiologi Kesehatan, Balitbangkes) Drs. M. Hasyimi, M.K.M. (Biologi Lingkungan, Balitbangkes) Sri Irianti, SKM., M.Phil, Ph.D. (Kesehatan Lingkungan, Balitbangkes) Dr. Ir. Inswiasri, M.Kes. (Kimia Lingkungan, Balitbangkes) Dr. Dwi Hapsari, S.K.M, M.Kes. (Epidemiologi dan Biostatistik, Balitbangkes) Dr. Joko Irianto, S.K.M, M.Kes. (Epidemiologi dan Biostatistik, Balitbangkes) Dr. dr. Felly Philipus Senewe, M.Kes. (Kesehatan Masyarakat, Balitbangkes) Dr.dr.Harimat Hendarwan, M.Kes. (Sistem Kesehatan, Balitbangkes) Dra. Rr. Rachmalina S.,M.Sc.P.H. (Antropologi Kesehatan, Balitbangkes) Dr. Miko Hananto, S.K.M., M.Kes. (Kesehatan Lingkungan, Balitbangkes ) Dr. Agus Triwinarto, S.K.M., M.Kes. (Gizi Masyarakat, Balitbangkes) Nunik Kusumawardani, S.K.M., M.Sc.P.H., Ph.D. (Promosi Kesehatan, Balitbangkes) Dra. Jusniar Ariati, M.Si. (Biologi Lingkungan, Balitbangkes ) Zahra,S.Si., M.K.M. (Kesehatan Masyarakat, Balitbangkes) Mitra Bestari Prof. dr. Umar Fahmi Achmadi, M.P.H., Ph.D. (Universitas Indonesia) Prof. Dr. Mohammad Sudomo, SCOPUS ID = 6602156083; h-index = 5 (WHO, Indonesia) Prof. Drh Upik Kesumawati Hadi MS. Ph.D. (Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia) Prof. Dr. Ridad Agoes, M.P.H. SCOPUS ID = 6506160395; h-index = 5 (Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia) Prof Dr. Ir. Dodiek Briawan, M.S. (Institut Pertanian Bogor, Indonesia) Prof. Dr. Drs. Amrul Munif, M.S. (Balitbangkes, Indonesia) Dr. Drs. Ida Bagus Indra Gotama, S.K.M., M.Si. (Poltekkes Jakarta II, Indonesia) Drs. Bambang Wispriyono, Apt., Ph.D., SCOPUS ID = 6602212375; h-index = 9, (Universitas Indonesia) Dr. Semiarto Aji Purwanto (Universitas Indonesia) Tri Prasetyo Sasimartoyo, M.Sc., Ph.D. (Peneliti Independen, Indonesia) Dr. Asep Sofyan, S.T., M.T. (Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia) Dr. Salahudin Muhidin, Ph.D., (SCOPUS ID = 16242218900 ; h-index = 3 (Macquarie University, Australia) Dr. Ir. Mursid Raharjo, M.Si. (Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia) Dr. dr. Suhartono Damas, M.Kes. (Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia) Dr.Lukman Hakim, S.K.M., M.Kes. (Global Fund, Kementerian Kesehatan, Indonesia) Atmarita, M.P.H., Dr.P.H. (Asosiasi Peneliti Kesehatan Indonesia /APKESI)) Dra. Zubaidah Alatas, M.Si. (Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional, Indonesia) Drh. Basundari Sri Utami, M.Kes. (Peneliti Independen, Indonesia) Bambang Sukana, S.K.M., M.Kes. (Balitbangkes, Indonesia) Editor Bahasa Cahyorini, S.T., M.T. (Teknik Lingkungan, Balitbangkes) Nurillah Amaliah, S.P., M.K.M. (Gizi Masyarakat, Balitbangkes) Kencana Sari, S.K.M., M.P.H. (Gizi Masyarakat, Balitbangkes) Sugiharti A., S.K.M., M.Si. (Kesehatan Reproduksi, Balitbangkes) Editor Pelaksana Rianto Purnama, S.Kom. (Balitbangkes, Indonesia) Penunjang Teknologi Informasi Ginoga Veridona, S.Kom. (Balitbangkes, Indonesia) Sekretaris Editor Pelaksana Heny Lestary, S.K.M., M.K.M. (Balitbangkes, Indonesia) Staf Sekretariat Junimar Usman, S.K.M., M.P.H. (Balitbangkes, Indonesia) Siti Masitoh S.K.M. (Balitbangkes, Indonesia) Ahmad Syaifudin (Balitbangkes, Indonesia)
JURNAL EKOLOGI KESEHATAN The Indonesian Journal of Health Ecology ISSN 1412-4025
This abstract sheet may be reproduce without permission or charge
Asep Hermawan, Miko Hananto, Doni Lasut PENINGKATAN INDEKS STANDAR PENCEMARAN UDARA (ISPU) DAN KEJADIAN GANGGUAN SALURAN PERNAPASAN DI KOTA PEKANBARU
Budiawan, Heny Suseno STUDI BIOAKUMULASI MERKURI DARI JALUR AIR LAUT OLEH KERANG DARAH (ANADARA GRANOSA) DAN KERANG HIJAU (PERNA VIRIDIS)
In 2015, the forest fires are quite severe in Riau Province. This causes the reduction of air quality, which in turn can cause breathing problems. This article aims to determine the relationship of the increase in air pollution index (API) and the cases of respiratory problems in Pekanbaru City in 2015. The study design was cross-sectional. Samples are all people with respiratory problems (Upper Respiratory Tract Infections/URI, asthma, and pneumonia) who visited Puskesmas or health post in Pekanbaru, amounted to 12,939 people. Data collected were daily data of API and Pekanbaru residents visit to Puskesmas and health posts with complaints of respiratory problems. Spearman rho correlation test was used to analyze the data with SPSS software. API from July to October 2015 range was quite wide from 34.7 up to 778.0. Average API in September and October 2015 were more than in the period of July and August 2015. The Spearman rho correlation analysis showed that the API value have significant correlation (p=0.000) with respiratory problems. Correlation between API with URI, asthma, and pneumonia is highest on the lag time 0, respectively 0.779; 0.237; and 0.436. It can be concluded that the increased API will increase URI on the same day.
Blood cockle and green mussel are source of protein that vulnerable to contamination by mercury (Hg) through bioaccumulation process. The research of Hg2+ bioaccumulation ability by bloodcockle (Anadara granosa) and green mussel (Perna viridis) using the radiotracer 203Hg2+ was conducted based on laboratory experiments design. Biokinetic parameters, such as the uptake and depuration rate and Concentration Factor, were determined to obtain predictions of Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and steady state conditions. The results of experiment using non-linear model showed that blood cockle and green mussel have the capability to accumulate Hg2+ by 15429.38 and 6963.68 times higher than its concentration in seawater after 51 days. Based on the BCF value obtained from the experiments, the predicted concentration of mercury in Anadara granosa and Perna viridis from Jakarta Bay was 1.327 and 0.599 mg.Kg-1 respectively. The predicted concentration of Hg2+ in Anadara granosa exceeds those required by ISO 7387:2009. On the other hand, the predicted in Perna viridis still meet the requirements of ISO 7387 2009. Keywords: Bioaccumulation, mercury, Perna viridis, Anadara granosa
Keywords: Forest Fires, API, Uri, Asthma, Pneumonia
Inswiasri, f.x. Sintawati HUBUNGAN KADAR PB DENGAN KADAR HB PADA ANAK DI WILAYAH DAUR ULANG AKI BEKAS INFORMAL DI BOGOR, DEPOK, TANGERANG, DAN BEKASI The increasing number of unofficial dry battery recycling done by households and small industries could have an impact on public health. During the recycling process there will be Pb emissions (battery major component) into the air. Pb exposure, especially to children can cause health effects such as anemia microcytic and hyprochromic. This study aims to discover the effect of Pb exposure from used batteries recycling on the cases of children with anemia (aged 7-13 years) in Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi in the year 2014. Study design was cross-sectional, with the sample of children as many as 418. Levels of lead in children's blood was measured using Lead Care Analyzer II, and hemoglobin levels in the blood with Hemoque 2.1. The results showed that 36.6% of children suffer from anemia. The test results indicate a statistically significant relationship (p <0.05) between Pb levels in the blood with anemia (low Hb levels); with a very weak correlation (correlation coefficient: 0.124). Need more thorough studies on aspects of health impacts from battery recycling. Keywords: Battery recycling, lead (PB), haemoglobin, children
Tri Isnani PERILAKU MASYARAKAT PADA PENGENDALIAN TIKUS DI DAERAH BERESIKO PENULARAN LEPTOSPIROSIS DI KABUPATEN KULON PROGO, YOGYAKARTA Rodents are animals that have a high adaptability and they can multiply rapidly in all kinds of places. The existence of rats to humans may be adversely affected as they become agricultural pests and spread infectious diseases such as plague and leptospirosis. Various methods of rat controls have been carried out both traditionally and modernly. This study aims to explore the behavior of people in an attempt to control and its factors that influence the ways to do it. The research was conducted using qualitative design with descriptive analysis. The data collection was done by in-depth interviews and focus group discussion with research location in Nanggulan District, Kulon Progo Regency. The results showed there are several ways in controlling rat such as hunt and kill which is so- called “gropyokan”, using owls, glue, rat poison, fumigation, fragrance clothes, food bait, cat, and some kinds of rituals. There are rodent control methods by killing or simply expel them. In addition, there are myths and beliefs about the presence of rats in the community. Keywords: Behavior, rodent control, myth and belief
Khadijah Azhar, Ika Dharmayanti, Nirmala Ahmad Ma’ruf FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI PEMBENTUK INDIKATOR STATUS SOSIAL YANG BERPERAN DALAM KEBERLANGSUNGAN PEMANFAATAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN MATERNAL Sustainability of antenatal care in health services remains a challenge in Indonesia. This is very much related to residential area, mother's education, and the quality of housing and environment. In addition, people from lower socioeconomic status sometime do not have access to maternal services regularly. This research attempt to elicit an overview of the utilization of maternal care in terms of the environmental factors (sanitation and housing). This analysis used SPSS software to develop social status from housing quality and sanitation in Riskesdas 2013 which is then used as a representation of the utilization of maternal health services. The analysis showed that the percentage of mothers who used maternal health services continuously was higher education (64.9%), employment (44.6%) and live in urban areas (54.8%). Utilization of maternal care was higher for people with better housing (58,8%) than people with poor ones. Government supports on maternal health is needed through the development of health facilities in rural areas for sustainability of maternal health services. Keywords: Environmental factors, social index, maternal health services
Eva Laelasari, L Meily Kurniawidjaja FAKTOR KONDISI PEKERJAAN YANG MEMPENGARUHI STRESS KERJA PADA PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL DI BADAN LITBANG KESEHATAN, KEMENTERIAN KESEHATAN One of the factors that can influence stress on workers is the condition of employment. This article is part of a study aimed to analyze the factors of working conditions that affect work stress of civil servants in the National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD). The design study is cross-sectional. Samples were taken from one unit at NIHRD, with 70 people consisting of two groups, namely researchers and administrative. Data collection method used is sequential explanatory, that is the collection of quantitative data through questionnaires followed by in-depth interviews. The dependent variable is stress caused by work and the independent variables are the working conditions. Data analysis was performed for bivariate with Chi Square test using SPSS software. The results showed that there are differences and similarities factors affecting work stress. Administrative group have a tendency to experience work stress 3.7 times more than the researcher group. Keywords: Work stress, administrative, researcher
Volume 15 Nomor 2 September 2016
ISSN : 1412-4025
JURNAL EKOLOGI KESEHATAN The Indonesian Journal of Health Ecology DAFTAR ISI I.
Editorial
II.
Artikel
Halaman
1.
Peningkatan Indeks Standar Pencemaran Udara (ISPU) dan Kejadian Gangguan Saluran Pernapasan di Kota Pekanbaru …………................. Oleh : Asep Hermawan, Miko Hananto, Doni Lasut
2.
Hubungan Kadar Pb Dengan Kadar Hb Pada Anak di Wilayah Daur Ulang Aki Bekas Informal di Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, dan Bekasi.... Oleh : Inswiasri, F.X. Sintawati
87 - 96
3.
Studi Bioakumulasi Merkuri Dari Jalur Air Laut Oleh Kerang Darah (Anadara Granosa) Dan Kerang Hijau (Perna Viridis) ……................. Oleh : Budiawan, Heny Suseno
97 - 106
4.
Perilaku Masyarakat Dalam Pengendalian Tikus di Daerah Berisiko Penularan Leptospirosis di Kabupaten Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta …. Oleh : Tri Isnani
107 - 114
5.
Faktor Lingkungan Sebagai Pembentuk Indikator Status Sosial yang Berperan Dalam Keberlangsungan Pemanfaatan Pelayanan Kesehatan Maternal .................................................................................................. Oleh : Khadijah Azhar, Ika Dharmayanti, Nirmala Ahmad Ma’ruf
115 - 126
6.
Faktor Kondisi Pekerjaan Yang Mempengaruhi Stress Kerja Pada Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Badan Litbang Kesehatan, Kementerian Kesehatan ………..………………………….....……………………..... Oleh : Eva Laelasari, L Meily Kurniawidjaja
127 - 139
76 - 86
EDITORIAL Masalah kesehatan masyarakat khususnya di negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia sangat beragam. Pada penerbitan kedua, Jurnal Ekologi Kesehatan Volume 15 No.2 Tahun 2016 menyajikan berbagai artikel dengan topik tentang kondisi pencemaran lingkungan dan beberapa solusi untuk mengatasinya serta topik lain yang terkait dengan kesehatan kerja. Tingginya Indeks Standar Pencemaran Udara (ISPU) akibat kebakaran hutan di Provinsi Riau pada periode Juli sampai dengan September 2015 berpengaruh terhadap gangguan saluran pernapasan (ISPA, Asma, dan Pneumonia) masyarakat di Pekanbaru. Secara statistik, tingginya ISPU (penurunan kualitas udara) berkorelasi kuat dengan ISPA, moderat dengan pneumoni, dan lemah dengan asma. Maraknya daur ulang aki bekas oleh masyarakat (informal) di Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, dan Bekasi dapat menimbulkan pencemaran logam berat timah hitam (Pb). Pajanan Pb dalam waktu dan kadar tertentu akan berpengaruh buruk terhadap kesehatan. Terbukti adanya korelasi antara Pb dan Hb darah secara signifikan (p = 0,015). Sebanyak 36,6% anak-anak yang tinggal di wilayah daur ulang aki bekas terbukti mengalami anemia. Logam berat seperti Timah Hitam (Pb), Kadmium (Cd), dan Merkuri (Hg) merupakan bahan kimia yang berbahaya karena sifatnya yang dapat terakumulasi dalam tubuh. Jalur masuknya logam-logam berat tersebut ke dalam tubuh di antaranya adalah melalui bahan pangan seperti hasil laut (ikan dan kerang). Tercemarnya perairan, dapat meningkatkan kandungan logam berat tersebut dalam biota laut (terutama kerang). Dalam rangka antisipasi dampak kesehatan akibat konsumsi hasil laut yang mengandung logam berat, salah satu artikel dalam penerbitan ini menyajikan hasil studi tentang studi bioakumulasi merkuri oleh kerang. Masalah penyakit leptospirosis di Indonesia, sampai saat ini belum dapat diatasi secara tuntas. Peneliti dari Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pengendalian Penyakit Bersumber Binatang Banjarnegara, telah mengidentifikasi perilaku masyarakat dalam pengendalian tikus yang merupakan salah satu faktor risiko dari penyakit tersebut, di antaranya adalah gropyokan, burung hantu, lem, racun tikus, pengemposan, menggunakan pewangi pakaian, umpan makanan, kucing, dan dengan slametan, yang sifatnya bisa membunuh tikus atau hanya mengusirnya saja. Faktor lingkungan (rumah dan sarana sanitasinya) ternyata mempunyai peran terhadap pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan maternal secara tidak langsung. Salah satu artikel dalam penerbitan saat ini menyajikan hasil penelitian yang membuktikan hubungan antara kualitas perumahan dan status sosial dengan keberlanjutan pemeriksaan kehamilan. Semakin baiknya kualitas perumahan, semakin baik pula status sosial sebuah keluarga. Meningkatnya status sosial dapat meningkatkan kesadaran ibu dalam pemeriksaan kehamilan ke pelayanan kesehatan sehingga ibu dapat menjaga kesehatan sejak masa kehamilan sampai dengan masa nifas. Topik lain yang tidak kalah menarik adalah tentang pengaruh kondisi lingkungan kerja terhadap stress pekerja di salah satu unit kerja di lingkungan Badan Litbang Kesehatan. Kementerian Kesehatan R.I. Pegawai fungsional umum memiliki kecenderungan mengalami stress kerja sebesar 3,7 kali dibandingkan kelompok fungsional peneliti. Demikian editorial Jurnal Ekologi Kesehatan edisi ini SELAMAT MEMBACA
