Pengantar singkat disusun oleh Irma U. Aditirto Jakarta, 28 Maret 2011

Pengantar singkat disusun oleh Irma U. Aditirto Jakarta, 28 Maret 2011

RDA: Resource Description and Access RDA: Resource Description and Access is the new, unified cataloging standard, designed for the digital world and an expanding universe of metadata users

Purpose and Scope  “RDA provides a set of guidelines and instructions on

formulating data to support resource discovery”  “RDA provides a comprehensive set of guidelines and instructions covering all types of content and media” 2

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Latar belakang RDA  International Conference on the Principles and Future

development of AACR (Toronto, 1997)  Analisis struktur AACR2  Masalah: Intellectual content vs. Physical format Struktur tidak logis, kurang konsisten  Kesimpulan:  AACR2 kurang fleksibel, tidak dapat mengakomodasi sumber baru, tidak cocok untuk dunia digital

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AACR2 Part I 1. General Rules for Description 2. Books, Pamphlets, and Printed Sheets 3. Cartographic Materials 4. Manuscripts 5. Music 6. Sound Recordings

7. Motion Pictures and Videorecordings 8. Graphic Materials 9. Electronic Resources 10. Three-Dimensional Artefacts and Realia 11. Microforms 12. Continuing Resources 13. Analysis

Latar belakang RDA AACR3? 2004 Usul untuk menyusun AACR3:  Revisi menyeluruh Part I dari AACR2  Penyesuaian dengan FRBR *

 Penambahan bagian ke-3 untuk authority control

Struktur AACR merupakan kendala besar *Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records 6

Latar Belakang RDA 2005 – diputuskan untuk menyusun standar baru

Resource Description and Access Landasan standar baru ini masih AACR2 (‘built on the strengths of AACR and the cataloguing traditions on which it was based’) tetapi:  Struktur dan penekanan baru  Didesain untuk dunia digital  Fleksibel dan mampu beradaptasi di masa depan 7

RDA Hasil kerjasama internasional: Joint Steering Committee for Development of RDA  The American Library Association  The Australian Committee on Cataloguing  The British Library  The Canadian Committee on Cataloguing  CILIP: Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals  The Library of Congress

+ Masukan dari organisasi & badan internasional, perpustakaan nasional dari negeri pengguna AACR maupun non-pengguna

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RDA  Standar baru untuk resource description and access:  dirancang untuk dunia digital, tapi dapat digunakan untuk

deskripsi semua jenis sumber (resources), digital maupun tradisional (= non-digital)

 dikembangkan atas landasan AACR  berkerangka teoretis: model konseptual FRBR* dan FRAD**  fokus pada pengguna (user tasks):

Find, Identify, Select, Obtain

*Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Reords **Functional Requirements for Authority Data 9

RDA  content standard dengan fokus pada isi deskripsi

“What” to record, not “how” (Petunjuk untuk data apa yang harus dicatat ada di bab 1-37, dan petunjuk untuk menyajikan data di Appendix D dan E)

 didesain untuk konteks internasional  meninggalkan perspektif Anglo-American dari AACR  petunjuk dapat diterapkan oleh komunitas yang berbeda bahasa,

aksara, sistem penomoran, satuan ukuran, sistem penanggalan

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RDA  dapat digunakan dengan berbagai encoding schema, misalnya :  



MODS (Metadata Object Description Standard) MARC Dublin Core

 memerhatikan perkembangan standar-standar untuk lembaga non-

perpustakaan (arsip, museum, penerbit, dlsb) sehingga ada keterpaduan  dirancang untuk memanfaatkan efisiensi dan fleksibilitas teknologi

baru untuk data capture, storage, retrieval, and display, tapi kompatibel dengan teknologi lama dari sarana temu kembali lama 11

RDA  Terbit Juni 2010 sebagai komponen dari RDA Toolkit

 RDA = Online tool

http://www.rdaonline.org/  Penerbit:  The American Library Association  The Canadian Library Association  CILIP: Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals 12

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RDA  Print:  RDA: Resource Description and Access (1096 p.)  RDA: Element Set View  Part 1 Attributes (1288 p.)  Part 2 Relationships (384 p.)

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Apa yang harus dilakukan sebagai persiapan? RDA builds on the strengths of AACR2 RDA is compatible with internationally established principles, models, and standards

Simak lagi!

AACR2 Prinsip, model, standar, yang sudah diterima secara internasional 17

Konteks internasional RDA

FRBR/FRAD

MARC

International Cataloguing Principles

Metadata standards

ISBD

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Paris Principles 1961 •Sarana untuk standardisasi internasional •Landasan bagi mayoritas standar pengatalogan tetapi • Hanya mencakup karya tekstual (cetak) • Fokus pada pilihan dan bentuk entri katalog (kartu) 19


International Cataloguing Principles 2009 • Semua jenis bahan • Semua aspek data bibliografi dan authority data • Konsep-konsep dari model FRBR* *Functional Requirements for Bibliographic data 20


International Cataloguing Principles 2009 Prinsip-prinsip: • Kemudahan bagi pengguna • Bahasa dan istilah yang lazim dipakai • Data “apa adanya” • Data akurat • Data cukup dan perlu • Data bermakna bagi pengguna 21


International Cataloguing Principles 2009 Prinsip-prinsip (lanjutan): • Ekonomis (proses pengatalogan) • Taat azas dan standar (agar mudah tukar-menukar data) • Terpadu (peraturan yang sama untuk semua jenis

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sumber)

ISBD

International Standard Bibliographic Description (1971) •Tujuan • Mencapai deskripsi bibliografi seragam • Memudahkan shared cataloguing

•Menetapkan •Unsur data wajib •Urutan unsur •Pungtuasi wajib •Banyak ISBD (format specific) 23

ISBD

International Standard Bibliographic Description (2007) •Satu ISBD untuk semua format: •ISBD – preliminary consolidated edition •Menyatukan teks 7 ISBD khusus •Disesuaikan dengan unsur –unsur FRBR

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Metadata standards

Standar yang dikembangkan oleh industri penerbitan

ONIX

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MARC

Masih tetap standar encoding yang paling banyak dipakai di lingkungan perpustakaan Lebih berkembang daripada AACR2: ada ruas/tengara yang tidak mengacu ke peraturan AACR2 Untuk menjaga kontinuitas, RDA harus kompatibel dengan MARC 26

Apa yang harus dilakukan sebagai persiapan?  RDA didasarkan atas kerangka teoretis yang menentukan

bentuk, struktur, dan isi RDA  RDA menggunakan konsep dan terminologi FRBR dan FRAD

Kunci untuk memahami RDA = memahami FRBR* dan FRAD** * Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Data **Functional Requirements for Authority Data 27

RDA Proyek renovasi

Dekonstruksi >>>>>>>>Rekonstruksi Dekonstruksi bangunan lama (AACR2) Rekonstruksi menjadi bangunan baru (RDA) Kerangka bangunan baru: FRBR FRAD Komponen bangunan lama yang masih bagus menjadi batu bata (building blocks)bangunan baru 28

The “FRBR family”  Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records  Functional Requirements for Authority Data  Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data

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FRBR, FRAD and FRSAD Model konseptual untuk menjelaskan tujuan cantuman bibliografi dan cantuman pengendali (authority records) dan hubungan cantuman tersebut dengan kebutuhan penguna Model yang menyatukan pandangan dan pemahaman para pengatalog. Model ini menciptakan kosa kata baru yang memperlancar komunikasi internasional antara pengatalog. Diskusi tentang konsep-konsep pengatalogan terbebas dari pengaruh peraturan atau sistem pengatalogan spesifik. 30

“FRBR family” history  Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records  1992 – working group formed  1997 – FRBR conceptual model published  Functional Requirements for Authority Data  1999- working group formed  2009- FRAD conceptual model published  Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data  2005- working group formed  2010- FRSAD conceptual model published 31

FRBR Latar belakang:  Kegiatan pengatalogan yang semakin kompleks dan

berbiaya tinggi mendorong banyak perpustakaan melakukan penyederhanaan pengatalogan (minimal level cataloging), kadang-kadang dengan mengorbankan kualitas katalog.  Kode pengatalogan yang ada kurang bisa mengakomodasi sumber-sumber elektronik dan sumber internet 32

FRBR  Stockholm Seminar on Bibliographic Records (1990)  Disponsori oleh IFLA  Salah satu resolusi:  perlu dilakukan studi untuk menetapkan fungsi-fungsi yang harus dipenuhi suatu cantuman bibliografi  Tujuan studi:

“The study has two primary objectives. The first is to provide a clearly defined structured framework for relating the data that are recorded in bibliographic records to the needs of the users of those records. The second objective is to recommend a basic level of functionality for records created by national bibliographic agencies.” (FRBR, p7) 33

FRBR  Studi dilaksanakan oleh IFLA Study Group on the

Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records 1992 - 1997  Final report dari studi ini diterbitkan September 1997 dengan judul:  Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records

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FRBR = model konseptual  Hasil dari analisis mendetail data bibliografi dan

authority data  Data bibliografi dipandang dari perspektif pengguna  Fokus adalah pada apa yang penting bagi pengguna: setiap entitas, atribut dan hubungan yang dicatat dalam cantuman bibliografi atau cantuman pengendali harus relevan dan penting bagi pengguna.

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FRBR  Apa yang diharapkan pengguna ketika ia

menggunakan katalog? Cantuman bibliografi suatu katalog harus membantu pengguna menemukan, mengidentifikasi, memilih, dan mendapatkan produk-produk hasil upaya intelektual atau artistik

User tasks: find, identify, select and obtain the products of intellectual or artistic endeavour

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User tasks Find Menggunakan data untuk menemukan bahan yang sesuai dengan kriteria penelusuran pengguna  Misalnya: semua dokumen tentang subyek tertentu, atau rekaman

dengan judul tertentu atau oleh pengarang tertentu

Identify Menggunakan data yang telah ditemukan untuk mengidentifikasi suatu entitas  Misalnya memastikan bahwa dokumen yang dideskripsikan dalam

suatu cantuman sama dengan dokumen yang dicari olehnya, atau membedakan antara dua teks atau rekaman dengan judul yang sama 37

User tasks Select Menggunakan data untuk memilih suatu entitas yang cocok dengan kebutuhan pengguna  Misalnya untuk memilih teks dalam bahasa yang dimengerti, buku

yang berilustrasi, peta dengan skala tertentu, dsb.

Obtain  Menggunakan data untuk memperoleh atau mengakses entitas yang dideskripsikan  Misalnya memesan suatu publikasi, mengisi formulir peminjaman

di perpustakaan, atau mengakses sumber elektronik lewat internet

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FRBR dan FRAD  Model E-R (Entity – Relationship)  Mendefinisikan entitas  Mendaftarkan atribut (ciri) entitas  Mengidentifikasi hubungan (relationship) antar entitas  Memetakan dengan user tasks

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FRBR entities Group 1 entities

Group 2 entities

Group 3 entities

Work

Person

Concept

Expression

Corporate Body

Object

Manifestation

Event

Item

Place

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FRBR Group 1 entities Work

A distinct intellectual or artistic creation

Expression

The intelectual or artistic realization of a work in the form of alpha-numeric, musical, or choreographic notation, sound, image, object, movement, etc, or any combination of such forms

Manifestation

The physical embodiment of an expression of a work

Item

A single exemplar of a manifestation

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Item  Entitas konkrit  Buku Jane Austen berjudul Pride and Prejudice, yang

diterbitkan tahun 1981 oleh Random House Publishing, milik perpustakaan FIB-UI

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Manifestation  Semua obyek fisik atau virtual yang mempunyai

karakteristik yang sama dalam hal isi intelektual dan bentuk  Semua terbitan Random House Publishing berisi karya

Jane Austen berjudul Pride and Prejudice, berbahasa Inggris, yang diterbitkan tahun 1981

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Expression  Bentuk intelektual atau artistik, seperti bahasa,

lambang alfa-numerik, musik, koreografi, bunyi, citra, obyek, gerakan, dsb. atau kombinasinya  Teks alfa-numerik dalam bahasa Inggris dari Pride and

Prejudice Jane Austen

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Work  Ciptaan intelektual atau artistik sebagai suatu entitas

abstrak  Karakter dan alur Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen

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Intellectual or artistic activity and content

Physical characteristics

Work Expression

Manifestation Item 46

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FRBR  Primary relationships: w – e – m - i  Memungkinkan pengelompokan atau clustering  Sarana realisasi fungsi kolokasi (collocation) katalog

perpustakaan  Rules for a dictionary catalog (Cutter, 1904)  Paris Principles (1961)

 Statement of International Cataloging Principles (2009)    

… to find sets of resources representing all resources belonging to the same work all resources embodying the same expression all resources exemplifying the same manifestation 48

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FRBR  Attributes  Setiap entitas memiliki sekelompok ciri atau atribut  Pengguna menggunakan atribut entitas untuk mencari & menemukan, mengidentifikasi, memilih, dan memperoleh entitas 

Misalnya: mencari buku lewat atribut judul, pengarang, tahun terbit, ISBN, atau atribut lain

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FRBR Attributes of a Work • • • • • • • •

Title Date Form (e.g. poem, map, painting) Intended termination Intended audience Context Coordinates and Equinox (Cartographic works) Medium of performance, Numeric designation and Key (Musical works) • Any other characteristic that serves to differentiate a work from another of the same title 51

FRBR Attributes of an Expression • • • • • • • • • • •

Form (e.g. alpha-numeric notation, spoken word, mime) Date Language/s Extensibility (e.g. future volumes in a multi-vol.) Revisability (e.g. draft or integrating resource) Extent (e.g. number of words, duration of performance) Summarization (e.g. abstract, table of contents) Context Critical response Use restrictions Any other characteristic that serves to differentiate an expression from another expression of the same work ........................ 52

FRBR Attributes of a Manifestation • Title

• Identifier (e.g. ISBN)

• Statement of

• Physical description

responsibility • Edition/Issue designation • Imprint (place, date, publisher, manufacturer) • Series statement

(form, extent, composition, dimensions) • Capture mode • Source of acquisition • Terms of availability • Access restrictions ………………………. 53

FRBR Attributes of an Item • Identifier (e.g. accession number, call number, barcode)

• • • • • •

Provenance Marks and inscriptions Torn or missing pages Exhibition history Treatment history Access restrictions

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FRBR menentukan struktur RDA Part 1  Section 1: Recording attributes of manifestation and item  All physical formats, not one per chapter  Describing carriers

 Section 2: Recording attributes of work and expression  Describing content

 Section 3: Recording attributes of person, family, corporate

body  Section 4: Recording attributes of concept, object, event, place (Concept, Object, Event still at placeholder stage)

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RDA dan FRBR relationships  Kerangka konseptual RDA = FRBR  FRBR = Entity – Relationship model

 RDA Section 5 - 10 : Recording relationships  RDA Appendices I – L : Relationship designators  Memungkinkan “clustering”

 Sangat mendukung fungsi kolokatif katalog

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FRBR relationships (contoh) Group 1 entity

Relationship

Group 2 entity

work

created by

person

expression

translated by

person

manifestation

published by

corporate body

Item

owned by

family

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RDA RDA structure Part 2  Section 5: Recording primary relationships  Work-expression-manifestation-item relationships

 Section 6: Recording relationships to persons, families, and    

corporate bodies associated with a resource Section 7: Recording subject relationships (placeholder) Section 8: Recording relationships between works, expressions, manifestations , and items Section 9: Recording relationships between persons, families, and corporate bodies Section 10: Recording relationships between concepts, objects, events, and places (placeholder) 59

FRAD (Functional Requirements for Authority Data) User Tasks  Find  person/s, family/families, corporate body/bodies, works, etc

based on known information

 Identify  Confirm person or family or corporate body or work, etc is the

one sought

 Contextualize  clarify the relationship between entities, such as earlier and

later names of a corporate body

 Justify the controlled access point

FRAD Attributes of a Person  Dates

 Address

 Title

 Language

 Gender

 Field of activity

 Place of birth

 Profession or occupation

 Place of death

 Biography or history

 Country with which the

 Any other information

person is identified  Place of residence  Affiliation

by which a person is known or identified

FRAD Attributes of a Family  Type of family  Clan, dynasty, family unit  Dates associated with family  Field of activity  History of family

FRAD Attributes of a Corporate Body  Place associated with corporate body  Dates associated with corporate body

 Language  Address  Field of activity

 History  Any other information that differentiates one

corporate body from another

AACR2 vs RDA Apa yang beda?  Cetak vs. Online interactive tool (juga ada versi cetak)  Format based vs Format neutral  Struktur dan terminologi beda  Levels of description vs. Core elements  GMD vs. Content, Carrier and Media type  Main entry vs. authorised access points  Perbedaan transkripsi dan perekaman data

AACR2 vs RDA AACR2

RDA

•Description –ISBD elements –classes of material –mode of issuance –type of description

•Description –attributes of FRBR entities –types of content and carrier –mode of issuance –type of description

•Access –choice of access points –form of headings –References

•Access –FRBR relationships –attributes of FRAD entities –FRAD relationships –subject relationships*

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Levels of description

AACR2 - levels of description Eg First level         

title proper first statement of responsibility edition statement material specific details first publisher, etc. date of publication, etc. extent of item notes standard number

RDA - core elements              

title proper first statement of responsibility designation of edition designation of a named revision of an edition numbering of serials scale of cartographic content first place of publication first publisher’s name date of publication title proper of series/subseries numbering within series/subseries identifier for the manifestation carrier type extent

GMD diganti dengan 3 kategori General Material Designation electronic resource microform sound recording videorecording filmstrip motion picture slide transparency

cartographic material music text

Media Type audio computer microform video

Carrier type film reel filmstrip overhead transparency slide

Content Type cartographic ... notated music text ...and more!

Source: Adapted from AACR2 vs. RDA by Tom Delsey given at From rules to entities: cataloguing with RDA (Preconference of the Canadian Library Association Conference, May 29, 2009)

Ruas baru untuk kategori pengganti GMD

Source: RDA: Resource description and access (©2010– American Library Association, Canadian Library Association, and CILIP: Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals)

Ruas baru untuk 3 kategori baru

Source: Changes from AACR2 to RDA: A comparison of examples / Adam L. Schiff

Main entry and authorised access points Main entry (Card catalogue)

Primary access point (Online catalogue)

Authorised access point for the WORK (RDA and FRBR)

Recording/Transcribing data

Representation (International Cataloguing Principles)

Deskripsi dan bentuk nama “apa adanya” “take what you see” Hindari:  Penggunaan singkatan  Penghilangan informasi yang relevan  Penambahan informasi  Pengubahan informasi








Example records (AACR)


Example records (RDA) 020 $a 8190366157 040 ## $a NRC $c NRC $e rda 245 10 $a Food security in India : $b challenges of 21th century / $c Dr. Anshu. 246 3# $i Title on cover: $a Food security in India : challenges of 21st century 250 ## $a First edition. 260 ## $a [Place of publication not identified] : $b [publisher not identified], $c 2009 $e (Patna, Bihar : $f Kalakriti Offset) 300 ## $a vi, 246 pages : $b illustrations, map ; $c 23 cm 336 ## $a text $2 rdacontent 336 ## $a cartographic image $2 rdacontent 337 ## $a unmediated $2 rdamedia 338 ## $a volume $2 rdacarrier 504 ## $a Includes bibliographical references. 700 0# $a Anshu $c (Professor), $e editor of compilation.

Example records (RDA) 022 ## $a 0317-6878 041 0# $a eng $a fre 210 0# $a CA mag. $b (Tor.) 222 #0 $a CA magazine $b (Toronto) 245 00 $a CA magazine. 260 ## $a Toronto, Ontario ; $a Montreal, Quebec : $b Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants, $c 1974300 ## $a volumes : $b illustrations (chiefly colour), portraits ; $c 29 cm. 310 ## $a 10 times a year (with combined issues in January/February and June/July), $b 1990s?321 ## $a Monthly, $b January 1974-1990s? 336 ## $a text $2 rdacontent 337 ## $a unmediated $2 rdamedia 338 ## $a volume $a rdacarrier 362 0# $a Volume 104, no. 1 (January 1974)530 ## $a Also available in microfilm and microfiche format. 546 ## $a In English; includes some text in French. f

Example records (Authority record) 100 1_ |a Sesser, Janet R. 370 __ |c U.S. |f Phoenix, Ariz. 371 __ |m [email protected] 373 __ |a High-Tech Inst. 373 __ |a TCI Education, Inc. 374 __ |a corporate director 374 __ |a corporate dean 374 __ |a vice-president 375 __ |a female 377 __ |a eng 670 __ |a Houser, Helen J. LWW’s medical assisting exam review for CMA amd RMA certification, c2005: |b CIP t.p. (Janet R. Sesser, BS, RMA, CMA; corp. dir. of Education, Allied Health, High-Tech Inst., Phoenix, Ariz.) ([email protected]) .....

Example records (Authority record) 110 1_ |a Wisconsin. |b Dept. of Transportation 410 1_ |a Wisconsin. |b Transportation, Dept. of 410 2_ |a WisDOT 670 __ |a Implementing transportation research, 2002: |b cover (Wisconsin Dept. of Transportation; WisDOT) 710 14 |a Wisconsin. |b Department of Transportation 952 __ |a RETRO 953 __ |a xx00 |b ga37

 RDA Timeline (US Libraries)  June 22, 2010: Public release of RDA Toolkit.  July 1-September 30, 2010: Test partners use this three-month period

 

 



to become familiar with the content of RDA and with navigating the RDA Toolkit. October 1-December 31, 2010: Test partners produce records in the test and share them with the US RDA Test Coordinating Committee. January 1-March 31, 2011: The US RDA Test Coordinating Committee analyzes the results of the test and prepares its report to the management of the three national libraries. April-June 2011: RDA Test report is evaluated by LC, NLM, NAL July–September 2011: LC releases the RDA Test Report and announces their decision on implementation of RDA. Other JSC national libraries (NLA, LAC, British Library) consider their responses to the RDA Test Report. Timeframe for implementation – to be confirmed

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 Sumber:  Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: Final Report 

http://www.ifla.org/files/cataloguing/frbr/frbr_2008.pdf

 RDA Toolkit  Statement of International Cataloging Principles 

http://www.ifla.org/files/cataloguing/icp/icp_2009-en.pdf

 Argus, Catherine. The “FRBR family” : the Relationship to RDA. 

http://www.nla.gov.au/lis/stndrds/grps/acoc/documents/FRBRandRDA.PPT

 Schiff, Adam. Changes from AACR2 to RDA: a Comparison of Examples. 

http://www.rda-jsc.org/docs/BCLAPresentation.ppt

 Stephens, Jenny. From AACR2 to RDA (and a few things in between): the History and Context of RDA Development 

http://www.nla.gov.au/lis/stndrds/grps/acoc/documents/History ofRDA.ppt>

 Stephens, Jenny. From AACR2 to RDA: the Purpose and Structure of RDA. 

http://www.nla.gov.au/lis/stndrds/grps/acoc/documents/FromAACR2toRDAthestructureandpu rposeofRDA.PPT>

 Maxwell, Robert. FRBR: a Guide for the Perplexed. Chicago: ALA, 2008  Oliver, Chris. Introducing RDA: a Guide to the Basics. Chicago, ALA, 2010

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Terima kasih atas perhatian Anda!

Ingin bertanya? Hubungi: [email protected] Cari tulisan sederhana tentang RDA dan FRBR? kunjungi :

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Pengantar singkat disusun oleh Irma U. Aditirto Jakarta, 28 Maret 2011

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