Penanggulangan Tuberculosis:

Buku Pintar Penanggulangan Tuberculosis : Kupasan Para Kyai

BUKU PINTAR

Penanggulangan Tuberculosis:

Kupasan Para Kyai

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CEPAT (Community Empowerment of People Against Tuberculosis )

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CEPAT

( Community Empowerment of People Against Tuberculosis )

BUKU PINTAR

Penanggulangan Tuberculosis:

Kupasan Para Kyai

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Buku Pintar Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis: Kupasan Para Kyai Tim Penulis Cepat-LKNU KH. Miftah Faqih, MA H. Sarmidi Husna, MA Esty Febriani Mohammad Erfandi, dr Nurfina R. Bachtiar Elina D. Karmila Kontributor: KH. Abbas Muin KH. Ahmad Ishomuddin KH. Afifuddin Muhajir KH. Najib Hasan KH. Zainuddin Abdillah KH. Romadlon Chotib KH. M. Sonhaji KH. Reza Imam Mahrus KH. Hudallah Ridwan KH. Mahbub Ma’afi KH. Badrus Salam KH. Yahya Ma’shum Cover dan Lay out : Toto Mujio Mukmin Grafisosial G.Genep Sukendro Grafisosial

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SAMBUTAN KETUA UMUM PBNU Buku Pintar Penanggulangan Tuberculosis : Kupasan Para Kyai Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis Adalah Jihad

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KATA PENGANTAR

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DAFTAR ISI SAMBUTAN KETUA UMUM PBNU ...............................................5 SAMBUTAN MENTERI KESEHATAN RI ........................................11 SAMBUTAN KETUA LKNU………………………...........................13 PENGANTAR.........................................................................................11 DAFTAR ISI ...........................................................................................17 DAFTAR SINGKATAN..........................................................................19 MUKADIMAH.......................................................................................20 BAB I SEKILAS TENTANG TUBERKULOSIS ............................31 A. Situasi Tuberkulosis (TB) di Indonesia .......................................32 B. Mengenal Tuberkulosis .................................................................33 C. Penularan Tuberkulosis ................................................................34 D. Kontak Tuberkulosis ....................................................................35 E. Gejala-Gejala Tuberkulosis ...........................................................35 F. Proses Deteksi Kuman TB ............................................................36 ǯȱ ęȱȱȱȱǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯǯřŜ H. Pengobatan TB ............................................................................37 I. Pencegahan Infeksi TB ...............................................................39 J. Hubungan TB dengan Penyakit Lain ..........................................40 K. Kendala Penanggulangan TB ......................................................41 1. Berobat Tidak Tuntas ................................................................42 2. Stigma dan Diskriminasi...........................................................42 BAB II PENANGGULANGAN TUBERKULOSIS PERSPEKTIF ISLAM .................................................................................. 49 A. Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis .................................................. 50 B. Pencegahan Tuberkulosis ............................................................. 52 1. Awali Pencegah an dengan Informasi .....................................52 2. Pola Hidup Bersih dan Seh at ...................................................55 3. Hukum Pencegah an Tuberkulosis .........................................61 C. Pengobatan Tuberkulosis ..............................................................66 1. Tuberkulosis sebagai Musibah atau Bala’ ..............................66 2. Mengh ilangkan Stigma dan Diskriminasi .............................73

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3. Hukum Berobat bagi Penderita ..............................................78 4. Hukum Menjadi PMO ............................................................80 D. Pendampingan Spiritual/Tasawuf .............................................83 1. Bersikap Sabar ...........................................................................85 2. Bertobat Kepada Allah .............................................................85 3. Mendekatkan Diri Kepada Allah ..........................................89 4. Meningkatkan Ketakwaan ......................................................89 5. Memperbanyak Do’a ................................................................90 BAB III NU DAN PENANGGULANGAN TUBERKULOSIS A. Tanggungjawab NU Sebagai Jam’iyah Diniyah Ijtimaiyya..... 94 B. LKNU Sebagai Mandat Jam’iyyah .............................................98 C. Peran Ulama dalam Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis ................98 D. Peran Warga NU (Nahdliyyin) dalam Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis ...................................................................................100 E. Program CEPAT-LKNU ..............................................................101 DAFTAR PUSTAKA............................................................................103

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DAFTAR SINGKATAN

AIDS

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

BCG

Bacille de Calmette et Guérin

CEPAT

Community Empowerment of People Against Tuberculosis

DOTS

Directly Observed Treatment short course

HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus

IDI

Ikatan Dokter Indonesia

LKNU

Lembaga Kesehatan Nahdlatul Ulama

LSM

Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat

MDR

Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis

NTP

National TB Program

NU

Nahdlatul Ulama

ORMAS

Organisasi Masyarakat

PBNU

Pengurus Besar Nahdlatul Ulama

PDPI

Persatuan Dokter Paru Indonesia

PMO

Pengawas Menelan Obat

PPNI

Persatuan Perawat Nasional Indonesia

TB

Tuberkulosis

URC

University Research Co., LLC

USAID

United State Agency for International Development

WHO

World Health Organization

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CEPAT (Community Empowerment of People Against ) BukuTuberculosis Pintar Penanggulangan Tuberculosis : Kupasan Para Kyai

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%'!+:D< ? ?#?)?%$?!# >!# ?) ?%# & 4? )%&5? !# >!# ? &$4? !# >!# ? #? 4? ? !# >!# ?) ? & ? #=3D %!D ((D !D +!D &D !D #!!D !D %((!DD&##(!D+!D'%'D!!D#%&"!D8D((D!D %!'D %D &(&D &%(&D D !!D #%D +D '!'!D 1

Zaenuddin al-Malaibari, Fathul Mu’in, (Bairut: Darul Fikr, tt), jilid 4, hal. 182.

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Hal ini penting berkaitan dengan kepercayaan dan sikap dari anggota masyarakat yang memiliki keinginan untuk menanggulangi TB. Juga penting agar orang-orang dapat memperoleh informasi yang benar tentang TB. Banyak mitos atau kepercayaan tentang TB yang berkontribusi dengan stigma. Memberikan penjelasan yang benar untuk menghilangkan mitos tersebut adalah merupakan langkah pertama dalam mengurangi stigma. Mitos yang ada di masyarakat berbeda untuk setiap tempat, perlu memperoleh penjelasan dengan bijak, misalnya “akibat kutukan”, “penyakit yang diwariskan dari ayah atau ibu”, “penyakit dari masyarakat miskin” atau berpikir bahwa kalau seseorang terkena TB adalah termasuk miskin. Oleh karena itu penting untuk setiap penderita TB, bahwa mereka tahu dan merasakan bahwa mereka mendapat dukungan dari keluarga mereka, tetangga dan masyarakat.

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BAB I

SEKILAS TENTANG TUBERKULOSIS 0 0 (TB) 00 0-.0 0 , 0&'%0'$' #%%0-.00 "#"%0 +(!+"%))J ABJ #)J #(+&!$J &$/J +*#J $+$J !)*$J $J !#*$J J +$J $J "J +(+!J "J *( J J $(H$(J )$J (!#$<J &(!(!$J)&(*J(J&%&+")JJ+$J&($J*($!)J%"J !+#$J &$/J *+(!+"%))J $<J +(!+"%))J *"J ##+$+J )!*(J2=7J +*J%($J)*&J*+$$/J$J#&(J)#+$/J(J J"$J+$J)$J(!#$<JJ

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Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 13 tahun 2013. Pedoman Manajemen Terpadu Pengendalian Tuberkulosis Resistan Obat, (Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan, 2013)

232

Departemen Kesehatan RI, Pedoman Nasional Penanggulangan Tuberkulosis, (Jakarta: Depkes, 2002), hal. 9.

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Samsuridjal Djauzi, Terapi Tuberkulosis Paru, dalam http://health.kompas.com/read/2013/03/10/03224485/Terapi.Tuberkulosis. Paru diakses 16 Oktober 2013

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*#J (!*J +J &J "$$/J &!( $<J "J $J )!$J (&J *)$J &*J #$$*!$J !(/-$$/J !($J)**+)J&$/!*J#(!<JJ *#J +J #$#+"!$J ()J ($J (=J &+*+)J )=J &()$J #"+<JJ "J $J &$*$J (!*$J $$J !&(/$J $J )!&J (J $%*J #)/(!*J /$J ##"!J !$$$J +$*+!J #$$+"$J<J +J &$*$J (J %($H%($J &*J ##&(%"J $%(#)J /$J$(J*$*$J<J $/!J #*%)J *+J !&(/$J *$*$J J /$J (!%$*(+)J $$J )*#<J #(!$J &$ ")$J /$J $(J +$*+!J #$"$!$J #*%)J *()+*J "J #(+&!$J "$!J &(*#J "#J #$+($J )*#<J *%)J /$J J J #)/(!*J (J +$*+!J )*&J *#&*=J &("+J ##&(%"J &$ ")$J $$J !=J #)"$/J E!*J !+*+!$F=J E&$/!*J /$J-()!$J(J/J*+J+F=JE&$/!*J(J#)/(!*J #)!$FJ *+J (&!(J -J !"+J ))%($J *(!$J J "J *(#)+!J#)!$<J "J !($J *+J &$*$J +$*+!J )*&J &$(*J =J -J #(!J*+J$J#()!$J-J#(!J#$&*J+!+$$J (J!"+(J#(!=J**$J$J#)/(!*<J

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A. Situasi Tuberkulosis (TB) di Indonesia uberkulosis (TB) masih merupakan penyebab utama gangguan kesehatan dan kematian di dunia dan lebih buruk lagi terjadi di negara-negara sedang berkembang. Diperkirakan sepertiga dari populasi di dunia pernah terinfeksi oleh kuman penyebab tuberkulosis ini. Tuberkulosis telah membunuh sekitar 1,6 juta orang setiap tahunnya dan hampir semuanya berada di belahan dunia sedang berkembang.

T

Indonesia adalah urutan ke empat dari negara-negara dengan beban TB tertinggi di dunia. Perkiraan prevalensi dari semua jenis kasus TB adalah 690.000 dan insidens berkisar 450.000 kasus baru pertahun (berdasarkan angka WHO, 2011). Perkiraan kematian yang diakibatkan TB adalah 64.000 meninggal pertahunnya (WHO, 2011). Sekitar 2 % dari kasus baru dan 12 % dari kasus kambuhan diperkirakan merupakan strain MDR.1

B. Mengenal Tuberkulosis (TB) TB atau Tuberkulosis adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh kuman TB yaitu Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Dapat menyerang semua bagian tubuh, kecuali, gigi, rambut dan kuku (ketiganya tidak terkena disebabkan merupakan sel mati).

BAB DUA

Sebagian besar infeksi TB menyerang organ paru (80 %). Dalam tubuh, kuman TB dilawan oleh daya tahan tubuh

t 5# CVLBO QFOZBLJU LFUVSVOBO LVUVLBO BUBV LBSFOB HVOB guna/santet.

. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 13 tahun 2013. Pedoman Manajemen Terpadu Pengendalian Tuberkulosis Resistan Obat, (Jakarta: Kementrian Kesehatan, 2013) 2

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BAB II

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Izzuddin Ibn Abdis Salam, Qawaidul Ahkam fi Masholihil Anam, (Beirut: Darul Kutubil Ilmiyah, t.th), !","'&"F Juz II, hal. 73. Lihat Abu Hamid al(*$.>F @F =$&# ">F &Fpula '"&F "F (F Ghazali, al-Mustashfâ min ‘Ilm-i al-Ushûl, (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, tanpa tahun), =$&# ">F !"!) "F '"'&"F (&$F #&"F Juz I, hal. 26.

"ANB
50 50 NU_FA.indd 49 50

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BAB II

$.!*NN&*N +N!*%(!$N)N!#+$!($N !($N )*$.N #(+)!N $N (&%*$)N #(+!$N #$+)N "(N PENANGGULANGAN $N*$N

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Izzuddin Ibn Abdis Salam, Qawaidul Ahkam fi Masholihil Anam, (Beirut: Darul Kutubil Ilmiyah, t.th), !","'&"F Juz II, hal. 73. Lihat Abu Hamid al(*$.>F @F =$&# ">F &Fpula '"&F "F (F Ghazali, al-Mustashfâ min ‘Ilm-i al-Ushûl, (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, tanpa tahun), =$&# ">F !"!) "F '"'&"F (&$F #&"F Juz I, hal. 26.

"ANB
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$.!*NN&*N +N!*%(!$N)N!#+$!($N !($N )*$.N #(+)!N $N (&%*$)N #(+!$N #$+)N "(N $N*$N

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#!%" " " %" & $ #% " 4

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Izzuddin Ibn Abdis Salam, Qawaidul Ahkam fi Masholihil Anam, (Beirut: Darul Kutubil Ilmiyah, t.th), Juz II, hal. 73. Lihat pula Abu Hamid al Ghazali, al-Mustashfâ min ‘Ilm-i al-Ushûl, (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, tanpa tahun), Ibn26. Abi Syaibah, al-Mushannaf, Kitabul Adab, Babu Tanhiyatil Ada Juz I, hal. ‘anith Thariq, nomor hadits ke-110, Juz VI, hlm. 218.

50 52 NU_FA.indd 51 50

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BAB II

*"N ##(!$N &*+$ +!N N +&.M+&.N B&$$CN$=N)#$N.*N(!+*>N

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&"F F !""(F #&"E#&"F ,"F &)(F 7AN BN3;7CN

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*)(N$+N *)(N)+*!$>NN C!!F )F!"("F+F!"F&F"F )&F F (*$.>FF @!""!"F F ' E" F E" (FF "F !!&"F #&"E#&"F ,"F ""F (%+"F F $F &F '"&F &!"F'!"F"F!)F'&"F"8F'"FF !)$)"F )&",C76FN !",'"F,"F)&)F&F,"FIN39;CN $N $$N $"N *()+*N &*N #$%(%$N #$+)N !N(N*+=. . . . . # . #$$!*!$N !%#*#$N $N !**$$.N )(*N &*N # . &. . ." . . # %. #$$(!$$.N(N(N!#+$!($N$N!#!)*$N

& &% $ #& ! $ " &

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52 NU_FA.indd 52 49

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$.!*NN&*N +N!*%(!$N)N!#+$!($N ($N )"#N +N )(*N $$N *+$*+$$N +$*+!N !($N )*$.N #(+)!N $N (&%*$)N #(+!$N #$+)N "(N #$"$!$N"M"N.$N##.!$=N&"N&$.!*N.$N $N*$ ""NN"#N(#$M .N(!+*>N

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#)"=N #$+)-=N $N !)$N +$*+!N &$$+"$$N
(*$.>N @ )&)F ( F =$&"(F &"F ' !>F #&"('"F )"()F ') F %N $N %N )$*N )N #$+!+$N )#+N )*(*N !+))"F !' ("F )!(F !")'F F )"F "F &$$N $N +N &$$+"$$N =N !($N $"+(N 'N .$N &(AN *(#)+!N#"N!N$N&"!+$.N!$N#$&*!$N&"N.$N 8 ("&*N (*$.>NNH,F()F=&)'>F ""I

. Shafa adl-Dlawwi al-Adwi, Ihda` ad-Dibajah bi Syarh Sunan Ibn Izzuddin Ibn Abdis Salam, Qawaidul Ahkam fi Masholihil Anam, Majah, (Bahrain: Dar al-Yaqin, t.th), juz, III, h. 292 (Beirut: Darul Kutubil Ilmiyah, t.th), Juz II, hal. 73. Lihat pula Abu Hamid al6 Jalaluddin as-Suyuthi, al-Asybah(Beirut: wa an-Nazhaìr, alGhazali, al-Mustashfâ min ‘Ilm-i al-Ushûl, Dar al-Fikr, Bairut-Dar tanpa tahun), Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1403 H, h. 83. Lihat pula Ibnu Nujaim, al-Asybah wa anJuz I, hal. 26. Nazhaìr, Bairut-Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1400 H/1980 M, h. 85.

50 54 NU_FA.indd 53 50

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BAB II

!$N )!($.N N +N !*%(N *(!N #$(!N $*(N .N B!(+$CN $N !&$*$$N B!+$*+$$=N !#)"*$C=N PENANGGULANGAN . #!N.$N&(%(*)!$N"N#$"$!$N.
.

TUBERKULOSIS 9

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7 as-Suyuthi, al-Asybah wa an-Nazhaìr, Bairut-Dar al(*$.>FJalaluddin @F =$&# ">F !","'&"F &F '"&F "F (F Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1403 H, h. 87. Lihat pula Ibnu Nujaim, al-Asybah wa an=$&#al-Kutub ">F al-Ilmiyyah, !"!) "F '"'&"F #&"F Nazhaìr, Bairut-Dar 1400 H/1980 M, h.(&$F 90. "ANB
54 NU_FA.indd 54 49

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$.!*NN&*N +N!*%(!$N)N!#+$!($N *)NN*)N+!+$N%"N)+N*)N)$N(!+*>NN !($NN)*$.N #(+)!N $N (&%*$)N #(+!$N #$+)N "(N $N*$N

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8Izzuddin Ibn Abdis Salam, Qawaidul Ahkam fi Masholihil Anam, Jalaluddin as-Suyuthi, al-Jami’ ash-Shagir, (Beirut: Darul Kutub (Beirut: Darul Ilmiyah, al-Ilmiah, t.th),Kutubil Juz. I, hal. 70. t.th), Juz II, hal. 73. Lihat pula Abu Hamid alGhazali,9 al-Mustashfâ min ‘Ilm-i al-Ushûl, (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, tanpa tahun), as-Suyuthi, al-Jami’ ash-Shagir, (Beirut: Darul Kutub Juz I, hal.Jalaluddin 26. al-Ilmiah, t.th), Juz. II, hal. 57.

50 56 NU_FA.indd 55 50

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BAB II

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Taqyudin al-Husaini ad-Dimasyqi, Kifayatul Ahyar, (Surabaya: 3 Maktabah Ahmad Nabhan, t. th.), Juz I, hal. 6 11 . Shafa adl-Dlawwi al-Adwi, Ihda` ad-Dibajah bi Syarh Sunan Ibn (*$.>F @F =$&# ">F !","'&"F &F '"&F "F (F Majah, (Bahrain: Dar al-Yaqin, t.th), juz, III, h. 292 =$&# ">F !"!) "F '"'&"F (&$F #&"F 12 Shafa adl-Dlawwi al-Adwi, Ihda` ad-Dibajah bi Syarh Sunan Ibn "ANB
56 49 NU_FA.indd 56

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Izzuddin Ibn Abdis Salam, Qawaidul Ahkam fi Masholihil Anam, (Beirut: Darul Kutubil Ilmiyah, t.th), Juz II, hal. 73. Lihat pula Abu Hamid al Ghazali, al-Mustashfâ min ‘Ilm-i al-Ushûl, (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, tanpa tahun), Juz I, hal.Ali 26.Bin Nayif Syakur, Mausu’atud Difa’ ‘an Rasulillahi SAW, (Maktabah Syamilah), Juz. III, hal. 366

50 58 NU_FA.indd 57 50

57 6/10/14 2:11 AM


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(*$.>F @F =$&# ">F !","'&"F &F '"&F "F (F =$&# ">F !"!) "F '"'&"F (&$F #&"F 14 Abu Hamid al-Ghazali, al-Mustashfa min ‘Ilm al-Ushul, hal. 143 "ANB
58 NU_FA.indd 58 49

49 59 6/10/14 2:11 AM


$.!*NN&*N +N!*%(!$N)N!#+$!($N !($N )*$.N #(+)!N $N (&%*$)N #(+!$N #$+)N "(N (*$.>N H "((F "F '!)F $F F "!(F '("7F F $N*$F ,"F ")&"F $F ""NN"#N(#$M .N(!+*>N ''#&"F# F F,"F FF&$F'("F'( F ,""INB

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Izzuddin Ibn Abdis Salam, Qawaidul Ahkam fi Masholihil Anam, (Beirut: Darul Ilmiyah, Juz II, hal. 73. pulayang Abu terjangkit Hamid al(*$.>Kutubil “Larilah kamut.th), (menghindar) dariLihat orang Ghazali, al-Mustashfâ min ‘Ilm-i al-Ushûl, (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, tanpa tahun), penyakit lepra, seperti kamu lari dari harimau. Juz I, hal. 26.

(HR.Ahmad)

50 60 NU_FA.indd 59 50

59 6/10/14 2:11 AM


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60 NU_FA.indd 60 49

49 61 6/10/14 2:11 AM


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50 62 NU_FA.indd 61 50

61 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM


BAB II

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62 NU_FA.indd 62 49

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49 63 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM


$.!*NN&*N +N!*%(!$N)N!#+$!($N !($N )*$.N #(+)!N $N (&%*$)N #(+!$N #$+)N "(N !$$N.$N""N"N#!$$M#!$$N.$N*(&"N $N*$N #!$$N &(%"F @"F " F F F "(&F !)F '# #""F )!(F ,"F .$N #)+!N !N "#N &(+*N #$+)N $(M$(N #!$$N .$N !",&)F$F "8F !",)&)F $F ,"F !G&)F "F *(&"N326CN #+$+"$.N (N ##N &$.!*=N !($N *+N (N *++N )*=N #!$$N .$N#$$+"$N !$N #)+!N !N#(N "#N &(+*N (+)N )($N *("N &.N .N $N ##&(!N +"+N *++N #$+)N ) =N **&N +N !*%(N "$!+$$N @ )&)F ( F =$&"(F &"F '#""+N !>F #&"('"F

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50 64 NU_FA.indd 63 50

63 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM


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64 NU_FA.indd 64 49

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49 65 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM



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50 66 NU_FA.indd 65 50

65 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM


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66 NU_FA.indd 66 49

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49 67 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM


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68 NU_FA.indd 68 49

49 69 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM



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Izzuddin Ibn Abdis Salam, Qawaidul Ahkam fi Masholihil Anam, (Beirut: Darul Kutubil Ilmiyah, t.th), Juz II, hal. 73. Lihat pula Abu Hamid al Ghazali, al-Mustashfâ min ‘Ilm-i al-Ushûl, (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, tanpa tahun), 18 Juz I, hal. 26. Ibnu Katsir, tahqiq, Sami bin Muhammad Salamah, Daru Thayyibah, cet ke-2, 1420 H/1999 M, juz, 7, h. 207.

50 NU_FA.indd 69 50

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49 71 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM


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72 50 NU_FA.indd 71 50

71 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM


BAB II

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50 74 NU_FA.indd 73 50

73 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM


BAB II

"N&$*$N.$N(+)N)(N +N"N&$(*N(+)N )(N -N ($.NPENANGGULANGAN #$(*N &$.!*N #$+"(N .$N )N . #$.!$N %($N "$N *(*+"(
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74 NU_FA.indd 74 49

49 75 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM



$ # ! #%" #' ! & (

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Izzuddin Ibn Abdis Salam, Qawaidul Ahkam fi Masholihil Anam, (Beirut: Darul Kutubil Ilmiyah, t.th), Juz II, hal. 73. Lihat pula Abu Hamid al Ghazali,21al-Mustashfâ ‘Ilm-i lial-Ushûl, DarTahqiq al-Fikr,Hisyam tanpa tahun), Al-Qurthubi, min Al-jami` Ahkami (Beirut: Al-Quran, Samir Juz I, hal. 26. Al-Bukhori, (Rayadh: Dar Àlami Al-Kutub, 1423 H/ 2003 M), Vol: XVI, hal. 325.

50 76 NU_FA.indd 75 50

75 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM


BAB II

< +"N(N(N)$(N

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76 NU_FA.indd 76 49

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49 77 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM


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Izzuddin Ibn Abdis Salam, Qawaidul Ahkam fi Masholihil Anam, 22

AbuKutubil Dawud Sulaiman bin II, al-Asyàts as-Sijistani, (Beirut: Darul Ilmiyah, t.th), Juz hal. 73. Lihat pula AbuSunan Hamid Abi alDawud, Bairut-Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, juz, IV, h. 6. Ghazali, al-Mustashfâ min ‘Ilm-i al-Ushûl, (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, tanpa tahun), 23 Abu Dawud Sulaiman bin al-Asyàts as-Sijistani, Sunan Abi Juz I, hal. 26. Dawud, Bairut-Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, juz, IV, h. 1.

50 78 NU_FA.indd 77 50

77 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM


BAB II

PENANGGULANGAN ) .

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Ahmad bin al-Husain bin Ali bin Musa Abu Bakar al-Baihaqi, tahqiq: Muhammad Abd al-Qadir Atha,3 Sunan al-Baihaqi al-Kubra, 1414 H/1994 M, Makkah-Dar al-Baz, juz, X, h. 343. 25 (*$.>F @F =$&#Muslim ">Fbin !","'&"F &F '"&F "F (F Abu al-Husain al-Hajjaj bin Muslim al-Qusyairi anNaisaburi, Shahih Muslim, Bairut-Dar al-Jail, juz, VII, h. 51 =$&# ">F !"!) "F '"'&"F (&$F #&"F 26 . Shafa adl-Dlawwi al-Adwi, Ihda` ad-Dibajah bi Syarh Sunan Ibn "ANB
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78 NU_FA.indd 78 49

49 79 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM


$.!*NN&*N +N!*%(!$N)N!#+$!($N #""+N %($N &$*(N *+N +!+$N %"N "M"N #)*)F @"F " F F F "(&F !)F '# #""F )!(F ,"F )(N).(G
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N+N"N&$*$N(!*$N$$N&$.!*N
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Juz I, hal. 26.

50 80 NU_FA.indd 79 50

79 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM


BAB II

##+*+!$N&$%*$N"#N$N&$-)$N.$N!**N"#N &$%*$$.
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80 NU_FA.indd 80 49

49 81 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM


$.!*NN&*N +N!*%(!$N)N!#+$!($N !($N49)*$.N #(+)!N $N (&%*$)N #(+!$N #$+)N "(N $N*$NN @&"F,"F!"# #"F'#&"F!)' !F&F')'"",F=F ""NN"#N(#$M .N(!+*>N )">8F !F F "F !"# #"F ')'"F #&"F (&')(F F F $F &F !(7F "F #&"F ,"F !")()$F =>F ')&",F!)' !FF)"8F!F F"F!")()$F=>E ",F F )"F "F &(7F "F F ' )F !"# #"F '#&"F !F" ' FF !E ,F !)F !"# (*$.>F @"F F F "(&F !)F#"F '#')&",A7N #""F )!(F B
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Izzuddin Ibn Abdis Salam, Qawaidul Ahkam fi Masholihil Anam, (Beirut: Darul Kutubil Ilmiyah, t.th), Juz II, hal. 73. Lihat pula Abu Hamid al Ghazali,27al-Mustashfâ min ‘Ilm-i al-Ushûl, (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, tanpa tahun), Abu Sa’adat Mubarak bin Muhammad Ibn al-Atsir, Jâmi’ al-Ushûl Juz I, hal. 26. fî Ahâdîts ar-Rasûl, juz VI, nomor hadits ke-4795, hlm. 321.

50 82 NU_FA.indd 81 50

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BAB II

"$M"$
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50 84 NU_FA.indd 83 50

83 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM


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50 86 NU_FA.indd 85 50

85 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM


BAB II

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49 87 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM


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50 88 NU_FA.indd 87 50

87 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM


BAB II

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49 89 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM



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50 90 NU_FA.indd 89 50

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90 NU_FA.indd 90 49

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49 91 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM


Hal ini penting berkaitan dengan kepercayaan dan sikap dari anggota masyarakat yang memiliki keinginan untuk menanggulangi TB. Juga penting agar orang-orang dapat memperoleh informasi yang benar tentang TB. Banyak mitos atau kepercayaan tentang TB yang berkontribusi dengan stigma. Memberikan penjelasan yang benar untuk menghilangkan mitos tersebut adalah merupakan langkah pertama dalam mengurangi stigma. Mitos yang ada di masyarakat berbeda untuk setiap tempat, perlu memperoleh penjelasan dengan bijak, misalnya “akibat kutukan”, “penyakit yang diwariskan dari ayah atau ibu”, “penyakit dari masyarakat miskin” atau berpikir bahwa kalau seseorang terkena TB adalah termasuk miskin. Oleh karena itu penting untuk setiap penderita TB, bahwa mereka tahu dan merasakan bahwa mereka mendapat dukungan dari keluarga mereka, tetangga dan masyarakat.

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50 94 NU_FA.indd 93 50

93 6/10/14 2:12 2:11 AM


BAB II

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50 96 NU_FA.indd 95 50

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hal. 38. 7Izzuddin

Ibn Abdis Salam, Qawaidul Ahkam fi Masholihil Anam, Tujuan proyek tersebut dengan Perjanjian Bantuan yang (Beirut: Darul Kutubil Ilmiyah, t.th),sejalan Juz II, hal. 73. Lihat pula Abu Hamid alada antara USAID dengan Kementrian Koordinator Kesejahteraan Rakyat. Ghazali, al-Mustashfâ min ‘Ilm-i al-Ushûl, (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, tanpa tahun), Juz I, hal. 26.

50 98 NU_FA.indd 97 50

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Juz I, hal. 26.

50 100 NU_FA.indd 99 50

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D +D Ahkam fi Masholihil Anam, #$(&!$D #).(!*D +#+#D #$ D "D &+"D (Beirut: Darul Kutubil Ilmiyah, t.th), Juz II, hal. 73. Lihat pula Abu )$D Hamid alGhazali, al-Mustashfâ min ‘Ilm-i *(&D al-Ushûl, (Beirut: Dar$$D al-Fikr, tanpa )*#D $D )!(#$)D %($D D tahun), &*D Juz I, hal. 26.

"$!$9DD *50 102 NU_FA.indd 101 50

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BAB II

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

.

Abu

.

PENANGGULANGAN TUBERKULOSIS al-Husain dan Muslim bin al-Hajjaj al-Qusyairi Shahih Muslim,PERSPEKTIF Bairut-Dar al-Jail, t.th. ISLAM

an-Naisaburi,

Abu Bakar Ahmad bin al-Husain al-Baihaqi, Sunan al-Baihaqi alN Kubra, tahqiq: Abd al-Qadir Atha, Makkah-Maktabah Dar al-Baz, 1414 H/1994 M. . % . Abu Dawud Sulaiman(N bin al-Asyàts as-Sijistani, Sunan Abi Dawud, "N &$*$N )"+(+N &#($N +(!+"%))N $N Bairut-Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, t.th. "N #$N (N #"!+!$N &$$+"$$N (N Abu Dawud Sulaiman bin al-Asyàts as-Sijistani, Sunan Abi Dawud, +(!+"%))N*!N#$ N-N$N &&FB#(N.CN Bairut-Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, t.th. N#).(!*N 1414 H/1994 M, Makkah-Dar al-Baz.

H

Ali Nayif ‘an "Rasulillahi Bin (Maktabah & Syakur, Syamilah). &% $Mausu’atud #& ! Difa’ $ & SAW, (*$.>FF @ F ' E F (F "F !!&"F #&"E#&"F ,"F Ali Bin Nayif Syakur, Mausu’atud Difa’ ‘an Rasulillahi SAW, Maktabah &!"F'!"F"F!)F'&"F"8F'"FF Syamilah, t.th. !",'"F,"F)&)F&F,"FIN39;CN Al-Qurthubi, Al-jami` li Ahkami Al-Quran, Tahqiq Hisyam Samir Al!N(N*+=. . . . . # . Bukhori, Rayadh: Dar Àlami Al-Kutub, 1423 H/ 2003 M. # . &. . ." . . # %. Apri Lyanda, Rapid TB Test, dalam Jurnal Tuberkolosis Indonesia, Vol. 8, "N$N)#$N)*N N+##NN(!+*>N edisi Maret 2012. 3( Departemen Kesehatan RI, Pedoman Nasional ) Penanggulangan Tuberkolosis, Jakarta: Depkes RI, 2008. (*$.>F @F =$&# ">F !","'&"F &F '"&F "F (F Erlina Burhan, Tuberkulosis Multi Drug Resistance, Maj. Kedokteran =$&# ">F !"!) "F '"'&"F (&$F #&"F "ANB
102 NU_FA.indd 102 49

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$.!*NN&*N +N!*%(!$N)N!#+$!($N !($N )*$.N #(+)!N $N60, (&%*$)N #(+!$N Indonesia, Voolume: Nomor: 12, Desember#$+)N 2010. "(N $N*$N cet ke-1, 1421 H/ 2000 M.

Hasil Muktamar PBNU, 2010.

NU 32 Makassar, Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal

Babu Ada Ibn Abi Syaibah, al-Mushannaf, KitabulAdab, Tanhiyatil ‘anith Thariq, t.tp, t.th. (*$.>F @"F " F F F "(&F !)F '# #""F )!(F ,"F Ibnu Hajar!",&)F$F al-’Asqalani, Fath al-Bari!",)&)F Syarh Shahih al-Bukhari, tahqiq, "8F $F ,"F !G&)F "F Ahmad bin Ali bin Hajar Abu al-Fadhl al-’Asqalani, Bairut: !"F &F ,"F !)"&:F !& F #&"E#&"F ,"F Dar al-Ma’rifah, 1379 H. &)"()"AN326CN Ibnu Katsir, Tafsir al-Quràn al-Azhim, tahqiq, Sami bin Muhammad &.N #$$+"$N #(N .N $N ##&(!N Salamah, Mesir-Dar Thayyibah, cet ke-2, 1420 H/1999 M. !(+)!$=N *(#)+!N .$N !*!$N %"N +(!+"%))=N #N ££ȱ ȱ Ȭǰȱ Ƚȱ Ȭȱ&$"$N ęȱ ȱ Ȭǰȱ *(&*$.N !#)"*$N +#*N #(+&!$N #N .$N tahqiq: Mahmud bin at-Talamid, Bairut-Dar al-Maàrif, t.th. +*#N Izzuddin Ibn 4 Abdis Kutubil Salam, Ilmiyah, ȱȱęȱȱǰȱBeirut: t.th Darul Jalaluddin as-Suyuthi, al-Asybah wa an-Nazhaìr, Bairut-Dar al-Kutub (*$.>Nal-Ilmiyyah, @ )&)F ( F =$&"(F &"F ' !>F )"()F 1403 H, h. 83. Lihat pula Ibnu#&"('"F Nujaim, al-Asybah !+))"F !' ("F )!(F !")'F F )"F "F wa an-Nazhaìr, Bairut-Dar al-Kutub al-Ilmiyyah, 1400 &(AN Kementerian Kesehatan, Laporan Stuasi Terkini Perkembangan TB di Indonesia Tahun 2011, Dirjen Pengendalian Penyakit dan Penyehatan Lingkungan Kemenkes, Agustus 2012.

Izzuddin Ibn Abdis Peraturan Salam, Qawaidul fi Masholihil Kementerian Kesehatan, MenteriAhkam Kesehatan No. 13 Anam, tahun (Beirut: Darul Kutubil Ilmiyah, t.th), Juz II, hal. 73. Lihat pula Hamid al2013. Pedoman Manajemen Terpadu PengendalianAbu Tuberkulosis Ghazali, al-Mustashfâ min ‘Ilm-i al-Ushûl, (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, tanpa tahun), Resistan Obat, Jakarta: Kemenkes 2013. Juz I, hal. 26.

50 104 NU_FA.indd 103 50

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BAB II

Muhammad Nawawi al-Jawi, Syarh Nasho’ihul Ibad, Indonesia: Darul PENANGGULANGAN Ihya’il Kutub al-Arabiyah, t.t.

.

Said Aqil Siroj, TasawufTUBERKULOSIS Sebagai Kritik Sosial, Jakarta-SAS Foundation, . cet ke-IV, 1433PERSPEKTIF H/2012. ISLAM

Samsu Rian, Pengaruh Efek Samping Obat Anti Tuberkulosis Terhadap N Kerjadian Default, tesis tidak diterbitkan, Jakarta: Program Pasca . Sarjana Universitas % .Indonesia Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat, 2010. "N &$*$N (N )"+(+N &#($N +(!+"%))N $N Shafa adl-Dlawwi al-Adwi, Ihda` ad-Dibajah bi Syarh Sunan Ibn Majah, "N #$N (N #"!+!$N &$$+"$$N (N Bahrain-Dar al-Yaqin, t.th. +(!+"%))N*!N#$ N-N$N &&FB#(N.CN Zaenuddin al-Malaibari, Fathul Mu’in, Bairut: Darul Fikr, t.th. N#).(!*N

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(*$.>F @"F " F F F "(&F !)F '# #""F )!(F ,"F !",&)F$F "8F !",)&)F $F ,"F !G&)F "F !"F &F ,"F !)"&:F !& F #&"E#&"F ,"F &)"()"AN326CN &.N #$$+"$N #(N .N $N ##&(!N !(+)!$=N *(#)+!N .$N !*!$N %"N +(!+"%))=N #N *(&*$.N !#)"*$N +#*N #(+&!$N &$"$N #N .$N +*#N 4

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Izzuddin Ibn Abdis Salam, Qawaidul Ahkam fi Masholihil Anam, (Beirut: Darul Kutubil Ilmiyah, t.th), Juz II, hal. 73. Lihat pula Abu Hamid alGhazali, al-Mustashfâ min ‘Ilm-i al-Ushûl, (Beirut: Dar al-Fikr, tanpa tahun), Juz I, hal. 26.

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Penanggulangan Tuberculosis:

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