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Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh: Masalah dan Keuntungan
z z z
Romi Satria Wahono http://romisatriawahono.net http://romisatriawahono.net
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Confusing Terms Distance Education
e-Learning Distance Learning
Online Learning
z z z
Lahir di Madiun, Madiun, 2 Oktober 1974 SMU Taruna Nusantara Magelang (1993) Department of Computer Science, Saitama University, Japan (1994(1994-2004) Core Competence: Software Engineering, Knowledge Management dan eLearning System Peneliti di Pusat Dokumentasi dan Informasi Ilmiah LIPI Koordinator Umum IlmuKomputer.Com
Learning Methods Multimedia Learning
Conventional Learning
IT Based Learning
Blended Learning
e-Learning
Computer Based Learning
e-Learning Multimedia Learning Multimedia Learning Distance learning Distance learning
IT Based Learning Æ eLearning IT Based Learning e-Learning
Multimedia Learning
Online Learning
Computer Based Learning
Distance learning
Distance learning
Classroom of The Future (COTF)
eLearning General
Distance Learning
eLearning - Videoconference - Open University - Synchronous Learning
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eLearning Delivery Methods z
Synchronous: Synchronous: Instructor and participants are involved in the course, class or lesson at the same time
z
Asynchrounous: Asynchrounous: Instructor and participants are involved in the course, class or lesson at different times
Asynchronous eLearning
Synchronous eLearning
eLearning System z
Content z z
z
z
z
Multimedia Text
Learning Management System z
Student
Application Software Class Management
Lecturer
Infrastructure z z z
Multimedia Peripheral Computer Network (Internet)
Admin
eLearning System - Cisco
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eLearning System - UT
Text Content
MIT OpenCourseWare (http://ocw.mit.edu (http://ocw.mit.edu))
Reconceptualizing Effective Learning -1How People Learn*
Learning Method
% Learned
Teach Others
90%
Learn by Doing
75%
Discussion Groups
50%
Demonstration
30%
Audio Visual
20%
Lecture
5%
* EMERGING TRENDS IN POST SECONDARY EDUCATION - THE VIEW TO 2012
by Michael T. Moe, CFA and Chief Executive Officer, ThinkEquity Partners
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Reconceptualizing Effective Learning -2-
Reconceptualizing Effective Learning -3-
1. Memperdengarkan
Pengungkapan Pengungkapan Kembali Setelah Kembali Setelah 3 3 Jam Hari 70% 10%
2. Mempertunjukkan
72%
20%
3. Memperdengarkan dan Mempertunjukkan
85%
65%
Metode Pengajaran z z z z
Penyerapan sebesar 1,5% melalui sentuhan Penyerapan sebesar 3,5% melalui penciuman Penyerapan sebesar 11% melalui pendengaran Penyerapan sebesar 83% melalui penglihatan Francis M. Dwyer
Multimedia Content
Multimedia Content Multimedia Linier
Multimedia Interaktif
Berjalan sekuen dan garis lurus
Berjalan dengan bantuan komputer, komputer, mouse, dsb
Perpaduan antara teks, teks, grafik, grafik, sound, animasi, animasi, dan video untuk menyampaikan pesan kepada publik
Benefit -1z z
Mengurangi biaya perjalanan Menghemat biaya pendidikan secara keseluruhan (infrastruktur, infrastruktur, peralatan, peralatan, bukubukubuku) buku) z z z z
z
Buckman Lab: $2.4juta Æ $400 ribu Aetna: menghemat $3 juta HP: $7 juta Æ 1.5 juta Federal Internasional Finance: menghemat $1 juta
Benefit -2z
z
z
Menjangkau wilayah geografis yang lebih luas Melatih pembelajar lebih mandiri dalam mendapatkan ilmu pengetahuan Percepatan program pelatihan dan sertifikasi Æpeningkatkan daya saing SDM
Menghemat waktu dan fleksibel dalam proses belajar mengajar z
Dapat dilakukan dimana saja dan kapan saja
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Benefit -3-
Problems
Conventional
eLearning
Availability
Limited
24 hours
Place
Centralized
Anywhere
Participant
Limited
Unlimited
Instructor
Scheduled based
Flexible
Material
Fixed
Easy to update
Method
Paper based
Multimedia
Simulation
High cost
Low cost
Man hours
Used for training
In working hours
Accommodation
Hotel, travel, allowance
None
z
Infrastructure z
z
z z
z
Combining Tacit and Explicit Knowledge Delivered as well as Conventional Learning
Quality Assurance z z
z
Network and Internet Connection
Content
Procedure Legality
Human Factor z
Behavior and Culture Change
Content Shift-Paradigm -1-
Content Shift-Paradigm -2-
Data Kegagalan eLearning
Is Not Just a Technology
z
Studi Forrester Group tahun 2000 kepada 40 perusahaan besar: besar: z
z
Ketika e-Learning itu diwajibkan kepada mereka: mereka: z
z
Lebih dari 68% menolak untuk mengikuti pelatihan/kursus yang menggunakan konsep e-Learning 30% menolak untuk mengikuti [Dublin, 2003]
Studi lain mengindikasikan bahwa dari orangorangorang yang mendaftar untuk mengikuti eLearning: z
Everyone is talking about technology, when what’s important is what people do with technology Martin Cooper (Motorola)
5050-80% tidak pernah menyelesaikannya sampai akhir [Delio, Delio, 2000]
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