X
bahasa inggris PASSIVE VOICE Tujuan Pembelajaran Setelah mempelajari materi ini, kamu diharapkan memiliki kemampuan berikut. 1. Memahami perbedaan active dan passive voice. 2. Memahami passive voice dalam kalimat waktu kini dan lampau. 3. Memahami penggunaan adverbs of manner dalam passive voice. 4. Menulis teks sederhana dengan passive voice.
A. Active vs Passive Voice Perhatikanlah gambar di bawah ini dengan saksama.
The baseball player hits the ball.
The ball is hit.
Gambar pertama menggambarkan seorang pemain bisbol yang sedang memukul bola. Pada gambar kedua, terlihat bola dipukul oleh seorang pemain bisbol. (1)
The baseball player hits the ball.
(2)
The ball is hit.
Kela s
Kurikulum 2013
Perhatikanlah, pada kalimat (1) the ball bertindak sebagai objek, sedangkan pada kalimat (2) the ball bertindak sebagai subjek. Makna kedua kalimat tidak berubah, tapi terdapat perubahan struktur kalimat. Kalimat pertama disebut dengan active voice, sedangkan kalimat kedua disebut dengan passive voice. Sekarang, perhatikanlah teks di bawah ini. The Invention of Video Games: The Inventors The first video game was nothing more than a device, which was originally used to record and control the quality of electronic signal. The strength of the electronic signal was controlled by the buttons and knobs. Who invented the first video game? The patent application is signed by two people: Thomas T. Goldsmith, Jr. and Estle Ray Mann. Goldsmith, was an American professor of physics and known as one of the pioneers of American television. He was considered an innovator and has more many patents written to his name, including different innovations in the development of television and several electronic testing patents. Taken from: www.inventions-handbook.com
Vocab Corner Device Patent Invention Record Pioneer
: : : : :
A piece of equipment-electronic A right for an invention Innovation/creation File/documentation The first who find/invent
Latihan 1.
Who signed the patent application?
2.
What were Goldsmith’s other innovations?
3.
Find the sentences with passive voice.
4.
Change the passive voice you have found to active voice.
Active voice adalah bentuk kalimat yang subjeknya bertindak sebagai pelaku suatu aksi atau tindakan, sedangkan passive voice adalah bentuk kalimat yang subjeknya mendapatkan atau menerima suatu aksi atau tindakan.
2
Contoh: Active
Passive
A group of archeologists finds another temple in Klaten and Kediri.
Another temple is found by a group of archeologists in Klaten and Kediri.
The newspaper released the photograph of a missing person yesterday.
The photograph of missing person was released by the newspaper yesterday.
B. Grammar in Focus Nah, untuk mengganti kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif dan sebaliknya, formula yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut.
SUPER
Active SVO
Passive S to be PP
Formula active voice: Subjek → Kata Kerja → Objek.
Formula passive voice: Subjek → to be → Past Participle. Objek active voice → Subjek passive voice. Umumnya diikuti dengan preposisi by yang artinya oleh agen atau pelaku tindakan atau aksi.
Berikut ini contoh active → passive voice. Active → Sandra helped the child. Passive → The child was helped by Sandra.
3
Beberapa catatan yang penting dipahami adalah sebagai berikut:
1. Hanya Kata Kerja Transitif yang Dapat Digunakan dalam Kalimat Pasif Karakteristik kata kerja transitif (transitive verb) adalah berupa action verb dan mempunyai objek langsung, seperti kick, clean, write, clean, paint, eat. Sementara itu, kata kerja intransitif, seperti happen, sleep, come, live, agree, appear, arrive, look, remain, sit, stand, stay, sneeze, seem tidak digunakan dalam kalimat pasif karena tidak memerlukan objek.
SUPER Transitive: Kata kerja + objek langsung Intransitive: Kata kerja
Latihan Ubahlah bentuk kalimat aktif berikut menjadi kalimat pasif. 1)
Active: Janet opens the window.
Passive: The window ….
2)
Active: A waiter serves guests in the restaurant.
Passive: Guest ….
3)
Active: Leonardo da Vinci painted Mona Lisa.
Passive: ….
4)
Active: Our teacher collected our homework yesterday.
Passive: ….
2. Kalimat Pasif Tidak Selalu Menggunakan Preposisi By
Preposisi by ini tidak digunakan ketika agen atau pelaku tindakan tidak dikenal atau tidak perlu diketahui. Perhatikanlah contoh berikut ini. 1)
Brown rice is grown in Indonesia (by farmers). → Brown rice is grown in Indonesia.
2)
Batik is made in Indonesia (by people). → Batik is made in Indonesia.
Penggunaan preposisi by diperlukan jika penulis atau pembicara menganggap perlu untuk memberitahukan siapa yang melakukan tindakan atau aksi tersebut. Perhatikanlah contoh berikut ini. 1)
Harry Potter series were written by J.K. Rowling.
2)
The first airplane was invented by the Wright brothers.
4
C. Passive Voice in Simple Present Untuk lebih memahami passive voice dalam pola kalimat simple present, bacalah dialog berikut ini. Situation: Meta and Feby are talking about Global Warming. Meta : “Hi Feb! How are you?” Feby : “I am fine and you?” Meta : “I am alright. But why do you look so worried, friend?” Feby : “No, really I am okay. I am just thinking about the causes of global warming and its harmful effects.” Meta : “Oh, I see. What is global warming?” Feby : “Yes! Global warming is the increasing of world’s temperature. The ice will melt and naturally raise the sea level of water. The greenhouse effect will gradually warm the Earth as a result of the sun’s energy is trapped by the atmosphere.” Meta : “What will happen then?” Feby : “This will greatly damage of wildlife and wilderness.” Meta : “Oh, how can we stop it?” Feby : “We have to work on reducing the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and plant trees more and more.”
Vocab Corner Harmful Trap Greenhouse Wildlife Wilderness
: : : : :
Destructive Grab/catch Glasshouse Living Being Forest
Latihan 1.
What is the topic in the dialogue above?
2.
How can we stop the damage of wildlife and wilderness?
3.
Find the sentence in passive voice.
4.
Change the passive voice you have found to active voice.
5
SUPER S to be (present) PP Contoh: Active
Passive
Mr. Jarot sends a letter.
A letter is written by Mr. Jarot.
They bring a box of pizza.
A box of pizza is brought by them.
Latihan Ubahlah kalimat aktif di bawah ini menjadi bentuk pasif. 1.
Four horses pull the carriage.
2.
Cathy returns the magazine to the library.
3.
Our governor announces the regulation.
4.
Amy makes that apple pie.
5.
Prof. Sunardi teaches Philosophy.
D. Passive Voice in Simple Past Untuk lebih memahami passive voice dalam pola kalimat simple past, bacalah teks di bawah ini. Toba Lake Legend Once upon a time, there was a fisherman living around the valley of Pusuk Buhit, the known mystical mountain close to Lake Toba. Once, he found an extraordinary fish in his woven rattan fish trap. The man took the fish into his hut. The fish had turned into a beautiful lady who was dressed so elegantly. In an instant, the fisherman fell in love and proposed her. The lady agreed to his proposal in one condition that he would never tell anyone that she had been a fish. They were very happy and raised their only daughter. One day, the daughter was sent to bring her father’s meal. On the way, the little girl felt very hungry that she ate up his father’s lunch. Knowing that, the fisherman shouted angrily ‘you’re really the offspring of fish.’ The man’s wife soon knew it and was very sad. She brought her daughter up to the hill. Soon, there was an earthquake and storms. The entire place was flooded by water everywhere. The mother turned
6
into a fish again and the father turned into a stone. The story told that their daughter wandered everywhere. The place turned into a magnificent Lake Toba with Samosir Island in its center. Taken from: tobaguide.com
Vocab Corner Valley Hut Wander Magnificent Offspring
: : : : :
Canyon Small Shelter Roam Wonderful An animal’s young
Latihan 1.
Where was the fisherman lived?
2.
What did he find in his woven rattan trap?
3.
Find one sentence in passive voice.
4.
Change the passive voice you have found to active voice.
SUPER S to be (past) PP
Active
Passive
The children played Monopoly yesterday.
Monopoly was played by the children yesterday.
My cat ate dried fish.
Dried fish was eaten by my cat.
Latihan Ubahlah kata dalam tanda kurung menjadi bentuk passive voice dalam pola kalimat simple past. 1.
The military (surround) … the enemy in the capital city.
2.
When the Senen market fire (put) … out the following day, the resident found two victim’s bodies.
7
3.
The employees (order) … by the manager to work overtime.
4.
Hundreds of people (join) … the march last week.
5.
The Cirebon people said that the village (destroy) … by a landslide.
Berikut ini adalah bentuk pola kalimat lain yang dapat diubah dari kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif. Active Present Progressive:
Passive
The lightning is hitting the The coconut tree is being hit coconut tree. by the lightning.
Past Progressive:
My mother was preparing Our breakfast was being our breakfast. prepared by my mother.
Future: (be going to)
Our Math teacher is going to The lesson is going to be explain the lesson. explained by our Math teacher.
Pola kalimat lain, yaitu present perfect, past perfect, simple future (will) future perfect sangat jarang digunakan dalam kalimat pasif. Sebagai rangkuman active voice, kerjakanlah latihan di bawah ini dengan mengubah bentuk active menjadi passive voice. 1.
My little sister dropped the plate.
2.
Both parties signed those agreements.
3.
One of my classmates erased the white board.
4.
The doctor gave our examinations in the clinic.
E. Adverbs of Manner in Passive Voice Adverbs of manner adalah kata keterangan (adverb) yang menggambarkan atau menjelaskan bagaimana sesuatu dilakukan atau terjadi. Umumnya dalam kalimat, kata keterangan ini dapat diletakkan sebelum atau setelah kata kerja (main verb) atau setelah objek.
Formulanya adalah adjective + ly.
8
Contoh:
bad → badly;
quiet → quietly;
recent → recently;
sudden → suddenly;
quick → quickly;
easy → easily;
gentle → gently.
Contoh:
Some firemen were badly injured during the fire.
The old building was completely demolished by the workers.
The music was beautifully played by the group band.
The whole coast line of Fukushima was completely swept away by the tsunami.
The island was severely damaged by a terrible earthquake.
Beberapa adverbs of manner mempunyai bentuk yang sama dengan adjective-nya, seperti:
We all worked hard. (tidak hardly)
My superior seldom arrives late. (tidak lately)
My father hates driving fast. (tidak fastly)
Catatan: hardly dan lately mempunyai makna yang berbeda. Lihatlah contoh di bawah ini.
My grandmother could hardly speak.
She has not seen her brother lately.
Kita dapat menggunakan kata like dan adjective untuk menjelaskan bagaimana atau seperti apa suatu keadaan. Contoh: His feet felt like ice. The cupcake smells like fresh bread. All students looked happy. That roasted chicken smells very delicious.
9
Latihan Lengkapi kalimat di bawah ini dengan menggunakan adverbs of manner yang tepat. 1.
I don’t think they played golf (bad) ….
2.
My uncle drives the truck quite (dangerous) ….
3.
Please think (careful) … before you answer the exam.
4.
I think my father writes the poem (beautiful) ….
Nah, sekarang ubahlah kalimat di atas menjadi passive voice!
F.
Listening Exercise Nah, untuk menguji pemahaman keseluruhan materi mengenai passive voice, lengkapilah kalimat rumpang di bawah ini sambil mendengarkan audio dari gurumu. Kemudian, ubahlah kalimat rumpang itu menjadi bentuk kalimat pasif.
Latihan 1 Great pandas were endangered. China tries very hard to help the pandas. They help them have babies. Twenty-three pandas are born. They are born at a center in China. This is very good news. People (2) …. They are very beautiful. Now, there are more pandas. They are not endangered any more. Taken from: newsinlevels.com
Latihan 2 This news is about history. There is a place in England. It is near Cambridgeshire. Archaeologists call it the British Pompeii. It is an archaeological site. It is full of interesting things. These things are 3000 years old. The things are well-preserved. For examples, (1) …. This is the oldest wheel in Britain. They (2) …. There are pieces of food in the bowls. The experts say that this is amazing. It is like steeping into somebody’s life or somebody’s home. Taken from: newsinlevels.com
Sekarang, kamu sudah dapat mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif ataupun sebaliknya dengan makna kalimat keduanya tetap sama. Selain itu, kamu juga dapat berlatih membuat teks sederhana yang memuat kalimat aktif dan pasif, seperti contoh teks latihan listening yang kamu kerjakan. Mari terus berlatih!
10
