nieuwsbrief Arbeid, Organisatie en Beleid AIAS-10-jaar conferenties Master HRM - Struggling for a proper job: recent immigrants in the Netherlands

AIAS

A msterdams I nstituut

voor

Arbeids S tudies

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aias nieuwsbrief

YEARS

Voorjaar 2008 editie 11

AIAS-10-jaar conferenties Master HRM -

Arbeid, Organisatie en Beleid Struggling for a proper job: recent immigrants in the Netherlands Nieuw project WIBAR

Nederlandse Arbeidsmarkt Dag

Column Ferry Koster

Pagina 2

Colofon

A MSTERDAMS I NSTITUUT

AIAS VOOR

ARBEIDSS TUDIES

10

YEARS

AIAS nieuwsbrief

Voorjaar 2008 editie 11

Dit een uitgave van het Amsterdams AIASis 10-jaar conferenties Instituut voor ArbeidsStudies, Plantage Muidergracht 12 1018 TV Amsterdam.

Master HRM -

Arbeid, Organisatie en Beleid

Abonnementen/adreswijzigingen [email protected] of 020 525 4199

Struggling for a proper job: recent immigrants in the Netherlands

Redactie Jan Emma Folmer, Column Ferry Koster NieuwCremers, project WIBAR Nederlandse Arbeidsmarktdagen Angelique Lieberton, Wiemer Salverda en Matthijs Visser. Eindredactie Angelique Lieberton, Wiemer Salverda en Matthijs Visser. Vormgeving Angelique Lieberton Foto voorpagina www.dreamstime.com Oplage / druk Oplage: 2300 / © 2008 AIAS Drukkerij De Raat & De Vries, Thieme GrafiMedia Groep

In deze editie: Nieuws Conferenties Working Papers Publicaties Column Onderwijs AIAS Personalia Aankondiging Voorjaar 2008

3 4 6 8 14 15 16 18 20

Terugkijken voor de toekomst

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n 2008 bestaat AIAS tien jaar, dat is een mooie aanleiding om iets bijzonders te doen. Ook moet AIAS zijn universitaire basisfinanciering voor 4 jaar zeker stellen, voor de derde keer in zijn kort bestaan. Extra reden om de wereld te laten zien hoever we in deze jaren gekomen zijn. Vier bijeenkomsten kijken vanuit wat bereikt is, vooruit naar het wetenschappelijke speelveld van de toekomst waarop AIAS zijn ambities kan uitleven als essentiële internationale wetenschappelijke speler in Nederland op het gebied van arbeid voor instituties, ongelijkheid en internationalisering. Voor de speciale AIAS-10-jaar conferentie Labour Reform and Flexibility: Lessons Learned - Future Questions, donderdag 17 april, laat de Europese wetenschappelijke top in Amsterdam zijn of haar licht schijnen op de disciplines: arbeidseconomie, arbeidsverhoudingen en arbeidsgezondheidskunde. Econoom Tito Boeri bepleitte nog onlangs in het hol van de leeuw – ten overstaan van de president van de Europese Centrale Bank – hogere lonen in Europa. Zijn medische stadgenoot Giovanni Costa is leidend onderzoeker op het terrein van flexibele werkuren en gezondheid. Last but not least, heeft socioloog Wolfgang Streeck (Max Planck Instituut) de wereld aan publicaties over corporatisme op zijn naam staan en schuwt hij het debat over globalisering en markt niet. Alexander Rinnooy Kan (SER) en Henk Volberda (EUR) bespreken de Nederlandse beleidsagenda van innovatie en flexibiliteit. Om deze AIAS-dag heen gevouwen, presenteren drie afzonderlijke conferenties de resultaten van belangrijke projecten waar het instituut in betrokken is. LoWER, het European Low-wage Employment Research network dat vanuit AIAS wordt gecoördineerd, stelt op een belangrijke internationale conferentie (18-19 april) de exclusieve aandacht van analyse en beleid voor de rol van arbeidsmarktinstituties ter discussie. Toparbeidseconoom, Richard Freeman van Harvard, kruist de degens met OECDautoriteit John Martin, drijvende kracht achter de OECD Jobs Study van 1994 die deze exclusieve aandacht heeft bewerkstelligd. Op een speciale workshop annex persconferentie onderstreept Nobelprijswinnaar Robert Solow het belang van studie van de onderkant van de arbeidsmarkt. Vijf jaar lang vormde hij de drijvende kracht achter het project Low-wage Europe, dat werd gefinancierd door de Russell Sage Foundation te New York. AIAS verzorgde het Nederlandse deel, naast collega-instituten in Denemarken, Duitsland, Engeland en Frankrijk. Vijf boeken over elk van deze landen zijn het resultaat. AIAS presenteert met trots zijn boek over de (grote) rol van laagbetaald werk in het Nederlandse model. Werk in uitvoering voor een zesde, vergelijkend boek dat ook de VS omvat, wordt gepresenteerd op de workshop van vrijdagochtend 18 april. De internationale WageIndicator – de Loonwijzer maar dan in 17 landen – bespreekt en presenteert zijn wereldwijde ambities op 16 april, van China tot Argentinië. Het streelt AIAS om de wetenschappelijke partner te zijn van deze succesvolle onderneming.

Wiemer Salverda Amsterdams Instituut voor ArbeidsStudies

Nieuws Pagina 3

New Project:

WageIndicator support for trade union bargaining in Europe WIBAR-2 Kea Tijdens, Maarten van Klaveren

Duits-Nederlandse auteursconferentie Düsseldorf 15 May 2008

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msterdam, 18-12-2007. From its Social Dialogue Program the European Union has funded the WIBAR-2 project, to be carried out by the University of Amsterdam/AIAS, jointly with trade union organizations ETUC, EMF,

AIAS organiseert in samenwerking met het Duitse Wirtschaft und Sozial Institut op 15 mei 2008 een auteursconferentie over medezeggenschap. Tijdens de conferentie staan nieuwe vraagstukken inzake de werknemersvertegenwoordiging centraal.

ETF, WageIndicator Foundation, and with Ruskin College (UK) and WSI – DGB (DE). WIBAR-2 runs from December 2007 to November 2008. The focus of the project is on organizing three conferences in autumn 2008. An audience of trade union officials will discuss the effects of foreign direct investment (FDI) on wages and working conditions, based on preparatory studies for 12 EU member states comparing affiliates of multinational enterprises (MNEs) with domestic firms. These studies will be based on data of the continuous WageIndicator web-survey. Analyses will cover private industry at large, and will be detailed for five industries, for the purpose of the conferences grouped into (a) metal & electronics manufacturing; (b) retail; information technology; call centres and finance; (c) transport. The project includes promoting the web-survey in France, a large and important economy currently without WageIndicator data collection. The project is a follow-up of the WIBAR-project, recently carried out by the University of Amsterdam/

Call for papers

Meer lezen zie de call for papers pdfdocument op www.uva-aias.net/files/ news/Callforpapers.pdf. AIAS in 2006-2007, resulting in “Bargaining issues in Europe: comparing countries and industries”, a book to be published in Spring 2008 by the European Trade Union Institute for Research, Education and Health and Safety (ETUI-EHRS) in Brussels.

Coördinatie aan Nederlandse zijde wordt verzorgd door Jan Cremers, [email protected] tel 020-5257216.

Nieuwe voorlichtingsavonden

Master HRM- Arbeid, Organisatie en Beleid Op de voorlichtingsavonden voor de masterlopleiding Master HRM-Arbeid, Organisatie en Beleid geeft de opleidingscoordinator Matthijs Visser uitgebreide uitleg over de opleiding zoals curriculum, duur, plaats, toelatingseisen, kosten, studielast, toetsing en eindtermen. Ook is bij deze voorlichtingsbijeenkomsten vaak een oud-student van de opleiding aanwezig om informatie te verschaffen. Amsterdams Instituut voor ArbeidsStudies

De voorlichtingsavonden zijn van 19.00 - 20.30 uur op:

Woensdag 16 april Dinsdag 13 mei Donderdag 19 juni

U kunt zich aanmelden via E-mail [email protected] of Tel. 020 525 4199 Voorjaar 2008

Conferenties Pagina 4

Contributions of AIAS staff

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aul de Beer Guest lecture: • 13 February: individualization for the course ‘Debates in sociology’ of the UvA • 12 March: solidarity and the welfare state at UtrechtUniversity Speech: • 20 March: for the Conference ‘The National Spring Consultation’ at De Burcht. • 3 April: for a meeting about raising the AOW benefit at Bellevue, Amsterdam.

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an Cremers Presenteerde tijdens: • Sociaal overleg in de onderneming, GBIO/AIAS, Utrecht, November 2007 • Labour in ‘Neverneverland’? University of Westminster and Northumbria University, London, December 2007 • • •

Sectoral social dialogue. Dublin Foundation and OSE, Brussels, December 2007 Downsizing and collective bargaining. GURN/ILO conference, Brussels, January 2008 Non-standard employment patterns. AEIP Task Force construction, Brussels, February 2008

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iemer Salverda • Lecture "Low Pay in the Netherlands" at “The Future of Low-wage Work in Europe” - Economic and Social Research Council ESRC Festival of Social Science Events 2008. Organised by: SKOPE/University of Oxford, Londen 11 March & Cardiff 12 March Expert presentation "An international perspective on alternative labour market responses to common economic challenges." at “Working Out of Poverty: A Progressive Labour Market Project”. Organised by: Institute for Public Policy Research IPPR, Londen, 8 May Participation in: ILO/EU Expert Working Group on “The minimum wage revisited in the enlarged EU: Issues and Challenges”

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elle Visser • Presenteerde tijdens de EU conferentie over de sociale dialoog in Lissabon de voorlopige uitkomsten van het AIAS onderzoek naar de uitvoering van de Euro- pese kaderovereenkomst over telework. 28-29 November. Gaf les in het graduate/young researchers netwerk over sociaal beleid en Europa in Göttingen op 6-7 December. Gaf een lezing over Europese beïnvloeding van de nationale arbeidsverhoudingen aan de Universiteit van Oslo, als startschot voor een nieuw vierjarig onderzoeksprogramma waaraan AIAS deelneemt. 24 Januari.

EALE 2008 18-20 September Amsterdam

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he 20th annual Conference of the European Assocation of Labour Economists will take place on 18-20 September 2008, at the Faculty of Economics and Business at the University of Amsterdam. It will be organised by the Department of Economics and Business, Amsterdam School of Economics (www.ase. uva.nl/asehome/home.cfm), and AIAS. The aim of the conference is to facilitate the exchange of research ideas and results across a range of fields in Labour Economics. In 2008 the EALE Young Economist Award will again be handed out. The EALE grants an award of € 300 for an outstanding paper selected by the Scientific Committee to researchers who have completed their PhD less than 3 years ago. Only single-authored papers are eligible for the award. For questions, please contact: [email protected]. See for all information about this conference:

www.eale.nl

EALE Amsterdam 18 - 20 September

2008

Voorjaar 2008

Amsterdams Instituut voor ArbeidsStudies

Conferenties Pagina 5

11 & 12 April, Berlijn

EQUALSOC Network Conference

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IAS/Scholar is een zeer actieve partner in het EQUALSOC Network of Excellence: • • • •

Herman van de Werfhorst verzorgt een deel van de algemene coördina- tie van het netwerk, TRALEG (Trust, Associations and Legitimacy), één van de zes grote thema’s van het netwerk, wordt vanuit AIAS geleid, de Equalsoc website is door Casper Kaandorp and Monika Kaminska geheel op nieuwe leest geschoeid, maar vooral ook nemen individuele onderzoekers actief deel aan de internationale onderzoekssamenwer- king.

AIAS-10-jaar conferenties

I

AIAS

n het kader van ons 10-jarig bestaan zijn er vier congressen georganiseerd.

• Op woensdag 16 juni is er een internationaal symposium over de inmiddels

vermaarde loonwijzer (www.wageindicator.org).

• Op donderdag 17 april is er de AIAS jaarconferentie waarbij een internatio-

naal zeer vooraanstaande econoom, jurist, socioloog en arbeidsgezondheid-

kundige spreken over flexibilisering van arbeid en organisatie. Ook spreken Henk

Volberda en Alexander Rinnooy Kan over de innovatieagenda vanuit een onder-

nemings- en maatschappelijk perspectief.

10

• Op vrijdag 18 april worden de vijf boeken voor Russell Sage officieel aange-

boden aan John Martin, directeur-generaal van de OESO, Loes van Emen Andres

(VNO-NCW) en Wilna Windt (FNV). (Zie ook pagina 8). De bijeenkomst wordt

gevolgd door een internationale conferentie van het LoWER network over werk-

gelegenheid en werkloosheid in de VS en Europa. Op beide bijeenkomsten

spreekt Nobelprijswinnaar Robert Solow. Op de LoWER conferentie krijgt hij

gezelschap van topeconomen zoals Richard Freeman en Alan Krueger.

YEARS

Het vijf jaar durende netwerkproject organiseert op 11 en 12 April op het Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin für Sozialforschung (WZB) in Berlijn zijn tweede grote netwerkconferentie, na Barcelona (Pompeu Fabra) in september 2006. Twee hoofdsprekers geven de aftrap: • Jutta Allmendinger (WZB) over de rol van onderwijs in Europa in het licht van de Lissabon doelstellingen, en • Tony Atkinson (Oxford) over de veranderende loonongelijkheid in OECD landen, waaraan hij zojuist een nieuw boek wijdde bij Oxford University Press. Daarna volgen twee dagen van research team bijeenkomsten en sessies met paper presentaties over intergenerationele overbrenging van ongelijkheid; globalisering en stratificatie; onderwijs en levenslang leren; werkgelegenheid van vrouwen, vruchtbaarheid en zorg; ethniciteit, immigratie en ongelijkheid; arbeidsmarktflexibiliteit, levensloop en welvaartsstaat. De conferentie eindigt met een discussie over de keuze tussen ‘welfare capitalism en ‘’wild capitalism’ in post-communitisch Europa. Meer details zijn te vinden op de website:

www.equalsoc.org


Voorjaar 2008

Working Papers Pagina 6

AIAS WP 65

Activating social policy and the preventive approach for the unemployed in the Netherlands Minna van Gerven

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t is now widely accepted that the interaction between the EU and its Member States is a two-way process: European governments are not simply confronted with initiatives that emanate from Brussels, but are actively involved in their formulation. Therefore, when analysing policies that are promoted at the European level – such as policies aimed at activating unemployed people to return to work – the development of these policies should not be analysed at only the national level. This paper examines the Netherlands’ shaping of activation ideas and policies (‘uploading’ them to the EU) and its taking up of such ideas or policies (‘downloading’ them from the EU, or implementing them). Our research specifically aimed at establishing whether the Dutch have tried to upload ideas, interests or institutions to the EU agenda, and to what extent the policies originating from the EU have been implemented in the Netherlands. To this end, we analysed national documents and the literature, and conducted interviews with the key policy makers involved in the creation of employment policies at both the national and the EU level. Although we found that the Dutch have been rather successful in uploading some ideas to the European agenda – namely, the promotion of social policy as a productive factor for economic policy and the ‘active and preventive’ approach for the unemployed – we could not find evidence of the uploading of particular policies or policy instruments. The policies established at the EU level have been reasonably well transposed to Dutch politics.

AIAS WP 64

Struggling for a proper job: Recent immigrants in the Netherlands Aslan Zorlu

his article concerns the employment performance of recent immigrants in the Netherlands.

The analysis shows different patterns of adjustment in the Dutch labour market for Western and non-Western immigrants. The entry of Western immigrants into the labour market follows a smooth pattern, while nonWestern immigrants have relatively low employment and relatively high unemployment upon arrival. In addition, they often start with semi-skilled or unskilled jobs. The labour market position of non-Western immigrants improves significantly over time. However, a considerable proportion of the disadvantages remains and seems to be persistent over time. Among non-Western immigrants, especially the Turks and Moroccans seem to face difficulties in the labour market, while the Surinamese

Voorjaar 2008

and Antilleans are able to compensate for a large part of their substantial initial disadvantage. The relative success of the last group is probably a result of their familiarity with Dutch society. Occupationaldistributionofemployedlabour bygender15Ͳ65years 80 70 percentages(weighted)

T

60 50 40 30 20 10 0


Serviceclass

Intermediate

Workingclass

Working Papers Pagina 7

AIAS WP 63

Marktwerking en arbeidsvoorwaarden - De casus van het openbaar vervoer, energiebedrijven en de thuiszorg Marc van der Meer, Marian Schaapman en Monique Aerts

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n dit working paper wordt het onderwerp marktwerking gerelateerd aan de arbeidsvoorwaardenontwikkeling van werknemers in drie sectoren: de energie sector, het openbaar vervoer en de thuiszorg.

De relatie tussen marktwerking en arbeidsvoorwaarden is zelden systematisch onderzocht en blijkt allesbehalve eenduidig te zijn. Bij condities van marktwerking worden de arbeidsvoor-

aanzien van de loonvorming. De analyse in dit paper combineert aldus een welvaarts-economische argumentatie over marktwerking en overheidsinterventie bij marktfalen, met een sociaal-

dien aangevuld met een beschouwing van de werking van de interne arbeidsmarkt bij drie leidende bedrijven, die zowel onderwerp als object zijn van de liberalisering en privatisering. In de

waarden beïnvloed door de wet- en regelgeving, de schaarsteverhoudingen tussen vraag en aanbod op de arbeidsmarkt en het strategisch personeelsbeleid van werkgevers en werknemers ten

juridische analyse van de ontwikkeling van de arbeidsverhoudingen, het personeelsbeleid en de arbeidsvoorwaarden in de onderneming. De empirische analyse van de drie sectoren wordt boven-

conclusies worden de institutionele voorwaarden voor een succesvolle marktwerking aangegeven.

AIAS WP 62

Vocational education and active citizenship: Behavior in cross-national perspective Herman van der Werfhorst

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ducational systems should provide students with job-relevant skills as well as prepare students for active citizenship.

These two core functions of schools may be in conflict with each other, as diversified and vocationally specific educational systems usually do well in terms of labor market preparation (e.g. reduce youth unemployment) but may be detrimental to (commonality in) citizenship education. Yet, there has been no cross-national research that examines the relationship between educational track (vocational or general) and citizenship behavior. This paper investigates whether track placement affects political interest and participation in voluntary organizations for 17 countries, using IALS data and employing multilevel models. It was shown that people educated in vocational programmes were less active citizens than people educated in general education. Moreover, these differences were stronger in strongly stratified educational systems relative to comprehensive systems, indicating that vocationally oriented schooling systems prepare less well for active citizenship than for the labor market.


AIAS Working Paper series De medewerkers van AIAS geven van hun onderzoeken regelmatig Working Papers (WP) uit. Deze kunnen gratis gedownload worden van onze website www.uva-aias. net onder de rubriek publicaties. Tevens kunnen ze besteld worden voor € 6.50 bij het secretariaat aias@uva. nl.

Voorjaar 2008

Publicaties Pagina 8

AIAS WP 61

Rüya Gökhan Koçer and Jelle Visser

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enmark - Niels WestergaardNielsen (editor), February 2008

rance - Ève Caroli, Jérôme Gautié (editors), February 2008

Low-Wage Work in

In France, low wages have historically DENMARK inspired tremendous political controversy. The social and political issues at stake center on integrating the working class into society and maintaining the stability of the republican regime. A variety of federal policies -including Low-Wage Work in high minimum wages and strong emFRANCE ployee protection - serve to ensure that the low-wage workforce stays relatively small. Low-Wage Work in France examines both the benefits and drawbacks of this politically inspired system of worker protection. France’s high minimum wage, which is indexed not only to inflation but also to the average increase in employee wages, plays a critical role in limiting the development of low-paid work. Social welfare benefits and a mandatory thirty-five hour work week also make life easier for low-wage Low-Wage Work in THE UNITED KINGDOM workers. Strong employee protection is a central characteristic of the French model, but high levels of protection for employees may also be one of the causes of France’s chronically high rate of unemployment. The threat of long-term unemployment may, in turn, RUSSELL contribute to SAGE a persistent sense THE ofLow-Wage insecurity among French workers. FOUNDATION Work in Low-Wage Work in OF France provides a CASE STUDIES lucid QUALITY analysis of how JOB IN a highly regulated labor market shapes the experiences of ADVANCED ECONOMIES workers - for better and for worse. (continued from front flap)

Denmark’s rate of low-wage work—8.5 percent— is the lowest of the five countries under analysis. Some jobs that are low-paying in the United States, including hotel maids and meat processors, though still demanding, are much more highly compensated in Denmark. And Danes, unlike American workers, do not stay in low-wage jobs for long. Many go on to higher paying jobs, while a significant minority ends up relying temporarily on income support and benefits sustained by one of the highest tax rates in the world. Low-Wage Work in Denmark provides an insightful look at the particularities of the Danish labor market and the lessons it holds for both the United States and the rest of Europe.

—GØSTA ESPING-ANDERSEN, professor of sociology, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona

“All nations struggle with the problem of unskilled working-age people. ‘Flexicurity’—few labor restrictions and a generous safety net—is Denmark’s unique arrangement. There, the unskilled are not poor, move rapidly out of low-skill jobs, and are treated with dignity—all huge accomplishments. But the system also creates problems—high tax rates, welfare dependency, and costs, and the effective exclusion of immigrants. Low-Wage Work in Denmark, one in the Russell Sage series of systematic, cross-country analyses of low-wage work, gives us a careful and in-depth assessment—both blemishes and beauty— of this small country’s approach.”

—ROBERT HAVEMAN, professor emeritus of public affairs and economics,

NIELS WESTERGAARD-NIELSEN is professor of economics at the Aarhus School of Business, University of Aarhus, and director for the Center for Corporate Performance (CCP). THE RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION CASE STUDIES OF JOB QUALITY IN ADVANCED ECONOMIES Low-Wage Work in Denmark Niels Westergaard-Nielsen, editor

Low-Wage Work in France Ève Caroli and Jérôme Gautié, editors

Robert M. La Follette School of Public Affairs, University of Wisconsin-Madison

“For millions of employed Americans, ‘work doesn’t pay,’ occupational and social benefits are meager, and opportunities for shifting into substantially higher-paying work are scarce. American analysts often view low-paid work as the lamentable but inevitable byproduct of a flexible labor market, technological advancement, and the global economy. This first-rate volume will challenge that sense of resignation, as it vividly demonstrates that a multitude of institutional reforms could both reduce the incidence of low-wage work and lessen its problematic consequences. The Danish flexicurity model, which melds flexibility for employers with economic security for workers, operates alongside impressive economic outcomes, including comparatively high labor force participation, low unemployment, and high mobility out of low-wage work. This accessible collection outlines an institutional blueprint that could help structure an overhaul of low-wage work in the United States should the political opportunity arise.”

—JANET GORNICK, professor, political science and sociology, City University of New York,

and director, Luxembourg Income Study

Low-Wage Work in Germany Gerhard Bosch and Claudia Weinkopf, editors Low-Wage Work in the Netherlands Wiemer Salverda, Maarten van Klaveren, and Marc van der Meer, editors

Low-Wage W

DENMA EDITED BY

Niels We

WITH AN INTRODUCTIO

Low-Wage Work in the United Kingdom Caroline Lloyd, Geoff Mason, and Ken Mayhew, editors

RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION

COVER PHOTO: JOSH MITCHELL COVER DESIGN: LILI SCHWARTZ

New York, New York | www.russellsage.org

ÈVE CAROLI is professor of economics at the University of Paris X-Nanterre and senior researcher at EconomiX and the Paris School of Economics.

THE RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION CASE STUDIES OF JOB QUALITY IN ADVANCED ECONOMIES Low-Wage Work in Denmark Niels Westergaard-Nielsen, editor


—DANIEL COHEN, professor, Ecole Normale Superieure and Paris School of Economics, and director, CEPREMAP

“France has replaced Sweden as the quintessential example of the over-regulated, bloated welfare state that strangles the market economy, producing inefficient workplaces, and undermines incentives to work. As in the case of Sweden, the reality is much more complicated. With a comprehensive overview chapter and five case studies of narrowly framed jobs in different sectors, Ève Caroli et al. show that a high minimum wage has successfully limited the incidence of low wages, but that there has been a growing intensification of work, a development that challenges this orthodox view. Anyone who cares about understanding the real nature of low wage work in France must read this excellent book.” —DAVID R. HOWELL, professor of economics, Milano The New School for Management and Urban Policy

THE R FOUN CASE JOB Q ADVA

Low-Wage W

FRAN EDITED BY

Ève Caroli a

WITH AN INTRODUCTIO

Caroli and Gautié

JÉRÔME GAUTIÉ is professor of economics at the University of Paris I, Panthéon-Sorbonne, and senior researcher at the Centre d’Economie de la Sorbonne.

“For those who think that low wage workers are just ‘unskilled’ workers who somehow deserve their fate, Low-Wage Work in France is a must read, in that it shows how their fate vary across sectors within a given country (France) and across countries, within Europe or across the Atlantic.”

FRANCE

life easier for low-wage workers. Strong employee protection is a central characteristic of the French model, but this model is also characterized by high work intensity and hard working conditions. Moreover, high levels of protection for employees may also be one of the causes of France’s chronically high rate of unemployment The threat of long-term unemployment may, in turn, contribute to a persistent sense of insecurity among French workers. LowWage Work in France provides a lucid analysis of how a highly regulated labor market shapes the experiences of workers—for better and for worse.


Low-Wage Work in

(continued from front flap)

“Low-Wage Work in France will surely take its place among the Russell Foundation’s landmark studies of low paid work in the United States and Europe. A team of distinguished labor economists and sociologists highlights the harsh nature of low wage work in France, the intensity of its work rhythms and its insecurity. The causes, they argue, often lie in a mix of intense competition in the product markets of these sectors, combined with monopsony power in their labor markets. The institutional structure of French labor markets in conjunction with the employment systems operated by private and public sector organizations shape the incidence of low wage work, and help explain the specificity of the French case compared with the other countries. This work will prove invaluable to all who wish to understand the causes of low wage employment, and to develop policies to alleviate its consequences for the workers concerned.” —DAVID MARSDEN, professor of industrial relations, London School of Economics


Low-Wage Work in the United Kingdom Caroline Lloyd, Geoff Mason, and Ken Mayhew, editors COVER PHOTO: STOCKBYTE COVER DESIGN: LILI SCHWARTZ



KEN MAYHEW is Fellow in Economics at Pembroke College, Oxford, and director of SKOPE.

THE RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION CASE STUDIES OF JOB QUALITY IN ADVANCED ECONOMIES Low-Wage Work in Denmark Niels Westergaard-Nielsen, editor


“This highly authoritative study could not be more timely. At a time when many developed countries are having to strengthen their minimum wage provisions in the wake of retreating trade unionism, LowWage Work in the United Kingdom’s use of sectoral studies greatly enriches our understanding of the causes and consequences of low pay in Britain.”

—WILLIAM BROWN, Montague Burton Professor of Industrial Relations and Master of Darwin College, Cambridge University

“This excellent volume combines analysis of the general trends underlying the dramatic growth of low-wage employment in the United Kingdom with detailed case studies of industries in which such work is concentrated, including service industries like hotels, retail stores and hospitals, as well as food manufacturing and the newer factory-like call center industry. Readers will gain a deeper understanding of the ways in which new government policies and declining trade union influence combined to transform UK labor markets over the last three decades, leading to the expansion of low-wage work not only among women, immigrants and racial-ethnic minorities, but also among men across the demographic spectrum. The industry case studies draw on rich, original qualitative data to construct compelling on-the-ground portraits of low-wage work in a variety of settings. A final chapter includes discussion of public policy recommendations. LowWage Work in the United Kingdom is a provocative and much-needed analysis that should interest not only area specialists but anyone concerned about the recent proliferation of low-wage work in advanced capitalist societies on both sides of the Atlantic.” —RUTH MILKMAN, professor of sociology and director, Institute of Industrial Relations, University of California, Los Angeles

“Part of an international cross-country program of research on low-wage work, this outstanding study by leading labor economists illuminates the nature, scale, and significance of low-wage work in the United Kingdom. It demonstrates the centrality of low wage employment to the workings of the contemporary UK economy and exposes its deleterious effects on the workers that undertake it. Low-Wage Work in the United Kingdom contradicts, among other things, the pernicious myth that work is increasingly dominated by high value, high-wage knowledge-based employment. It is vital reading for all researchers and policy-makers with a stake in building a better future for our labor force.”

—PETER NOLAN, Montague Burton Professor of Industrial Relations, The University of Leeds


Low-Wage Work in the United Kingdom Caroline Lloyd, Geoff Mason, and Ken Mayhew, editors COVER PHOTO: LIANE RISS COVER DESIGN: LILI SCHWARTZ

Low-Wage Work in

Low-Wage Work in

Low-Wage Work in

MARK FRANCE FRANCE

GERMA EDITED BY


Gerhard Bosch and

WITH AN INTRODUCT


Low-Wage W

THE UN

KINGD EDITED BY

Caroline Lloyd, Geoff Maso

WITH AN INTRODUCT

Lloyd, Mason, and Mayhew

GEOFF MASON is Senior Research Fellow at the National Institute of Economic and Social Research, London.

Low-Wage W

THE UNITED

CAROLINE LLOYD is senior research fellow at the Economic and Social Research Council Centre on Skills, Knowledge, and Organisational Performance (SKOPE) and senior lecturer at the School of Social Sciences at Cardiff University.

THE FOU CAS JOB ADV

KINGDOM

policy theme has been that education and training can empower people to both enter work and to move into better paying jobs. The case study research reveals the endemic nature of low paid work and the difficulties that workers face in escaping from the bottom end of the job’s ladder. However, compared to the United States, low paid workers in the United Kingdom do benefit from in-work social security benefits, targeted predominantly at those with children, and entitlements to non-pay benefits such as annual leave, maternity and sick pay, and crucially access to state-funded health care. LowWage Work in the United Kingdom skillfully illustrates the way that the interactions between government policies, labor market institutions, and the economy have ensured that low pay remains a persistent problem within the United Kingdom.


Low-Wage Work in

(continued from front flap)

Low-Wage Work in Low-Wage Work in ge Work in (continued from front flap)

“The Russell Sage series on job quality is a very welcome contribution in a world where employment seems to be polarizing. Low-Wage Work in Denmark is especially noteworthy because the Danish case is internationally regarded as a model to follow if we desire flexible labor markets without social exclusion. And, as Niels Westergaard-Nielsen and his colleagues show in their laudably balanced and empirically rich analyses, the model does seem to work. Danish low wage workers clearly fare much better than elsewhere. This excellent study explains why. It is a must-read for policymakers and analysts; an indispensable resource for social scientists.”


Westergaard-Nielsen

The Danish economy offers a dose of American labor market flexibility inside a European welfare state. The Danish government allows employers a relatively high level of freedom to dismiss workers, but also provides generous unemployment insurance. Widespread union coverage and an active system of collective bargaining help regulate working conditions in the absence of strong government regulation. Denmark’s rate of low-wage work (8.5%) is the lowest of the five countries under analysis. In Low-Wage Work in Denmark, a team of Danish researchers combines comprehensive national registry data with detailed case studies of five industries to explore why low-end jobs are so different in Denmark. Some jobs that are low-paying in the United States, including hotel maids and meat processors, though still demanding, are much more highly compensated in Denmark. And Danes, unlike American workers, do not stay in low-wage jobs for long. Many go on to higher paying jobs, while a significant minority ends up relying temporarily on income support and benefits sustained by one of the highest tax rates THE RUSSELL SAGE inFOUNDATION the world. Low-Wage Work in Denmark provides an insightful CASE STUDIES OF look at the particularities of the IN Danish labor marJOB QUALITY ket and the lessons it holds for both the ADVANCED ECONOMIES United States and the rest of Europe.

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We argue that in order to ensure stability and growth, any state must balance the interests of capital and labour when taking this kind of distributional decisions. This idea operationalized by using O’Connor’s concepts of accumulation and legitimation as the basis of an analytical model. Application of this model to Turkey and comparison with the US reveals that in Turkey governments take account of legitimacy concerns in their minimum wage decisions due to large number of workers directly dependent on minimum wage and weak collective bargaining institutions. In the US, despite similar industrial relations conditions, this tendency is not present, probably due to much smaller number of minimum wage earners and their weakness in the political process. However in the US too we observe that there is a difference between political parties and historical periods in the way in which the minimum wage is determined.

Wiemer Salverda, Maarten van Klaveren, Marc van der Meer and others

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n this article the direct role of the state in industrial relations is scrutinized by focusing on the political basis of decisions regarding the minimum wage.

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The state in industrial relations: The politics of minimum wage in Turkey and the USA

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In 2003, the path-breaking Russell Sage book LowWage America vividly illustrated how globalization, industry deregulation, and technological advances have affected the lives of low-wage workers in the United States. This new set of books reports on an ambitious comparative study of lowwage jobs in five European countries—Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom—which sought to determine whether Europe’s more interventionist institutions enhance job quality for low-wage workers. Case studies of five industries in each country—call centers, food processing facilities, retail outlets, hospitals, and hotels—illustrate how differences in the degree of unionization, the structure of ownership (national or multinational), the generosity of social insurance, regulations on minimum wages, and working hours and conditions all shape the quality of jobs. Together or individually, these books make a significant contribution to our understanding of how different national institutional arrangements affect the quality of the working lives of millions of men and women who toil in low-wage jobs. In Low-Wage Work in Denmark, a team of Danish researchers combines comprehensive national registry data with detailed case studies of five industries to explore why low-end jobs are so different in Denmark. The Danish economy offers a dose of American labor market flexibility inside a European welfare state. The Danish government allows employers a relatively high level of freedom to dismiss workers, but also provides generous unemployment insurance. Widespread union coverage and an active system of collective bargaining help regulate working conditions in the absence of strong government regulation.

Low-Wage Work in

In 2003, the path-breaking Russell Sage book LowWage America vividly illustrated how globalization, industry deregulation, and technological advances have affected the lives of low-wage workers in the United States. This new set of books reports on an ambitious follow-up study of low-wage jobs in five European countries—Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom—which sought to determine whether Europe’s more interventionist institutions enhance job quality for low-wage workers. Case studies of five industries in each country—call centers, food processing facilities, retail outlets, hospitals, and hotels—illustrate how differences in the degree of unionization, the structure of ownership (national or multinational), the generosity of social insurance, regulations on minimum wages, and working hours and conditions all shape the quality of jobs. Together or individually, these books make a significant contribution to our understanding of how different national institutional arrangements affect the quality of the working lives of millions of men and women who toil in low-wage jobs. Low-Wage Work in France examines both the benefits and drawbacks of France’s politically inspired system of worker protection. The social and political issues at stake center on integrating the working class into society and maintaining the stability of the republican regime. A variety of state policies—including high minimum wages and strong employee protection—serve to ensure that the lowwage workforce stays relatively small. France’s high minimum wage, which is indexed not only to inflation but also to the average increase in employee wages, plays a critical role in limiting the development of low-paid work. Social welfare benefits also make

(continued on back flap)


Wage Work in

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Lloyd, Geoff Mason, and Ken Mayhew


Low-Wage Work in

In 2003, the path-breaking Russell Sage book Low-Wage America vividly illustrated how globalization, industry deregulation, and technological advances have affected the lives of low-wage workers in the United States. This new set of books reports on an ambitious comparative study of low-wage jobs in five European countries— Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom—which sought to determine whether Europe’s more interventionist institutions enhance job quality for low-wage workers. Case studies of five industries in each country—call centers, food processing facilities, retail outlets, hospitals, and hotels—illustrate how differences in the degree of unionization, the structure of ownership (national or multinational), the generosity of social insurance, regulations on minimum wages, and working hours and conditions all shape the quality of jobs. Together or individually, these books make a significant contribution to our understanding of how different national institutional arrangements affect the quality of the working lives of millions of men and women who toil in low-wage jobs. The United Kingdom’s labor market policies place it in a kind of institutional middle ground between the United States and continental Europe. Low pay grew sharply between the late 1970s and the mid-1990s, in large part due to the decline of unions and collective bargaining and the removal of protections for the low paid. The changes instituted by Tony Blair’s New Labour government since 1997, including the introduction of the National Minimum Wage, halted the growth in low pay but have not reversed it. Low-Wage Work in the United Kingdom explains why the current level of low-paying work remains one of the highest in Europe. The authors argue that the failure to deal with low pay reflects a policy approach which stresses reducing poverty, but also centers on the importance of moving people off benefits and into work, even at low wages. The UK government has introduced a version of the U.S. welfare to work policies and continues to stress the importance of a highly flexible and competitive labor market. A central



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etherlands - Wiemer Salverda, Maarten van Klaveren, Marc van der Meer (editors), March 2008. The Dutch economy has often been heralded for accomplishing solid employment growth within a generous welfare system. In recent years, the Netherlands has seen a rise in lowwage work and has maintained one of the lowest unemployment rates in the European Union. Low-Wage Work in the Netherlands narrows in on the causes and consequences of this new development. The authors find that the increase in low-wage work can be partly attributed to a steep rise in the number of part-time jobs and nonstandard work contracts - 46 percent of Dutch workers hold part-time jobs. The decline in full-time work has challenged historically powerful Dutch unions and has led to a slow but steady dismantling of many social insurance programs from 1979 onward. At the same time, there are hopeful lessons to be gleaned from the Dutch model: low-wage workers benefit from a welldeveloped system of income transfers, and many move on to higher paying jobs. Low-Wage Work in the Netherlands paints a nuanced picture of the Dutch economy by analyzing institutionsRUSSELL that both support and challenge itsTHETHE RU RUSS THE SAGE Low low-wage workforce. FOUND FOUNDATI FOUNDATION

In recent years, the German governThe United Kingdom’s labor market ment has intentionally expanded the policies place it in a kind of instituDENMARK low-wage work sector in an effort to tional middle ground between the reduce exceptionally high levels of United States and continental Europe. unemployment. As a result, the share The election of Tony Blair’s Labour of the German workforce employed Party in 1997 set Britain on a reformist in low-paying jobs now rivals that of course that sought to move people off the United States. Low Wage Work in of government support and into work. FRANCE Germany examines both the federal Low-Wage Work in the United Kingpolicies and changing economic condidom reports that the current level of tions that have driven this increase in low-wage remains one of the highest low-wage work. The new “mini-job” in Europe. Nonetheless, the authors reflects the federal government’s atfind that Blair’s reforms - including the tempt to make certain low-paying jobs introduction of a national minimum attractive to both employers and emwage relatively higher than that in the ployees. Employers pay a low flat rate U.S. - have been instrumental in lowefor benefits, and employees, who work ring the overall poverty rate. Many of a limited number of hours per week, the Blair era reforms resemble Ameriare exempted from social security can policies, but are more effective and and tax contributions. Other factors, extensive in Britain. For example, the including slow economic growth, a British version of the Earned Income declining collective bargaining system, Tax Credit (EITC) reaches many more THE UNITED KINGDOM and the influx of foreign workers, also workers than the U.S. EITC, which contribute to the growing incidence of only provides subsidies to families low-wage work. Yet while both Gerwith children. Low-Wage Work in the many and the U.S. have large shares of United Kingdom skillfully illuminates low-wage workers, German workers some of the key economic and political receive health insurance, four weeks mechanisms involved in both highly of paid vacation, and generous old effective social welfare reforms and the THE RUSSELL age support - benefitsSAGE most low-wage persistent problem SAGE of low-wage THE RUSSELL SAGE work. THE RUSSELL Low-Wage Work in Low-Wage Work in workers in the U.S. can only dream of. FOUNDATION FOUNDATION FOUNDATION The German experience CASE STUDIES CASE STUDIES OF OF CASE STUDIES OFoffers an imCASE STUDIES OF portant opportunityIN to explore difficult QUALITY JOBJOB QUALITY IN IN JOB QUALITY JOB QUALITY IN trade-offs between unemployment and ADVANCED ECONOMIES ADVANCED ECONOMIES ADVANCED ECONOMIES ADVANCED ECONOMIES low-wage work. (continued fromflap) front flap) (continued from front Low-Wage Work in



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Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Labour Studies, Jan. 2008

Expert report on the implementation of the European social partner’s framework agreement on telework Jelle Visser and Nuria Ramos Martin

T

he report describes and examines the measures taken to implement the first autonomous agreement signed by the European social partners in the 27 Member States of the European Union as well as Iceland and Nor-

way.

The European Framework Agreement on Telework of July 2002 is to be implemented “in accordance with the procedures and practices specific to management and labour and the Member States”, using the first implementation route of Article 139 (2). A great many sources – from the social partners, the European Commission, public authorities of the Member States, and independent researchers – have been studied. The assessment of the social partners’ implementation is positive, in spite of several shortcomings in the implementation process and uneven coverage. The Telework Agreement itself addressed most of the issues relevant for telework and teleworkers listed in the document prepared by the European Commission for the second stage of the consultation with the social partners. In all but few Member States, the national social partners, jointly, alone or with assistance of the public authorities, have tried to

fully implement the Agreement of 2002. In few Member States this process has not yet been completed or started, in some the implementation is as yet inadequate. Given the variety of practices and procedures in the EU social partners have used different implementation instruments and in few cases the legislator has intervened, though usually after consultation with or agreement between the social partners. As a consequence, the results differ in terms of coverage, of compliance and focus on the target group. It is possible that a national law provides more coverage and that collective bargaining gives more focus, but the point is that this is not specific for the telework issue. Final conclusion is that most social partners and Member States have followed, as intended, methods “in accordance with the procedures and practices specific to management and labour and the Member States”. There were interesting examples of renewal of the social dialogue, for instance in Poland and the UK.

International Journal of Social Welfare, 2007

The welfare state and globalization: Down and out or too tough to die?

Ferry Koster oliticians as well as researchers frequently claim that globalisation – and in particular its economic dimension – poses a threat to the welfare state.

P

This article investigates whether such a claim is justified by the empirical studies investigating the relationship between economic openness and the welfare state. Based on the literature two contrasting hypotheses are distinguished: the first stating that economic openness does threaten the welfare state and the second arguing that this is not the case. The empirical studies are systematically reviewed in this article. The analysis shows that the second hypothesis supported most often and therefore it is concluded that economic openness does not threaten the welfare state. Voorjaar 2008



Journal of European Social Policy, 17, 4, 375-388, Nov. 2007

Why work is not a panacea: A decomposition analysis of 15 EU countries Paul de Beer

I

ncreasing the level of labour participation is one of the key objectives of the European Employment Strategy and the Lisbon agenda.

Increasing the employment rate is generally considered crucially important to safeguarding the sustainability of the welfare state and achieving a number of other socio-economic objectives. This article examines the extent to which higher employment does result in lower unemployment, lower poverty rates, decreased dependence on social security and reductions in public expenditures on social protection. To this end, a decomposition analysis is performed concerning the evolution

of the unemployment rate, poverty rate, benefit recipiency rate and social expenditure rate in the fifteen original EU member states and the United States since the 1980s. Results of this analysis show that, in many cases, the favourable effects of increases in employment are partially (and sometimes even fully) offset by simultaneous changes in other variables, including labour supply, eligibility criteria, benefit generosity and the concentration of non-working people in work-poor

households. The author concludes that increasing the employment rate is not a panacea for all socio-economic ills. European social policy should therefore focus less one-sidedly on employment and should address additional objectives, including benefit generosity and poverty. In addition, the process of benchmarking in the EU should be transformed from its current top-down character to one that proceeds from the bottom up.

Dialectical Anthropology, Springer, November 2007, The Netherlands

The world according to Vogue: The role of culture(s) in international fashion magazines

vogue

Helen Kopnina

A

nthropologists are known to work in contexts wider than academic settings, actively engaging with people from other disciplines and professions.

Lecturers in the Fashion Institute are challenged to integrate the practical knowledge and skills originating from the fashion industry into lessons, lectures and projects that prepare the students for their future careers. The authors tasks as (anthropology) lecturers in Intercultural Communication and Culture and Globalization courses is to engrain a broader knowledge to compliment the practical competencies required in the professional settings. An example of the practical assignments is integrating the students’ knowledge of minority groups or other cultures in developing certain fashion brands that would appeal

to different ethnic groups or social classes within society or be marketable abroad. The deeper knowledge of segmentation, niche markets and specific target groups helps students to orient themselves in professional situations within the fashion industry. This requires an act of translation as well as transformation in order to translate the general (such as cultural theories) into the concrete (such as examples from the fashion industry) and to transform concrete examples and cases into broader theories. This article reflects on such acts of translation and transformation as evidenced in fashion magazines such as Vogue.


Voorjaar 2008


CLR-news 2-2007, 34-47, Brussels, October 2007

Self-employed and the free provision of services Jan Cremers

I

CLR

European Institute for Construction Labour Research

www.clr-

No 4/2007

CLR News

n the Number 2 issue of this quarterly the author reports on ongoing research in the field of the free movement in Europe.

The creation of the Single market that offers free provision of services, functioning in a situation with Member States having different and divergent regulatory frames for an employment contract and for a contract for (the provision of) services, has made it possible for dubious agencies to promote and abuse the self-employed status by supplying employees as so-called service providers. The mobility of workers asks for instruments to protect these employees at least against circumvention of basic rights in the countries were the work is executed. The conclusions and recommendations in the article:

Labour Migration

• given the fact that the promotion of free transnational provision of services is a key element in the EU Single market policy, it is of the utmost importance to address the difference between fraudulent practices and true civil and commer- cial business relationships; • where there has been an attempt to disguise the employment relationship as a result of cross border provision of services, there is a particular danger that workers will be deprived of the protections due to them, as national policy is unable to cope with the problem; for the purposes of an adequate policy of protection for workers in an employment relationship, the determination of the European Institute for www.clr-news.org Construction Labour Research CLR national existence of such a relationship is no longer a exclusive concern; • it is therefore necessary at EU level to work out a basic legal frame, in close coo peration with the social partners, with the aim to effectively establish a clear dis tinction between employed and self-employed workers. In CLR-News 3-2007 (‘Employment in the EU’) an editorial from the same author on the decrease of direct employment. In the 4-2007 issue (‘Labour migration’) his editorial ‘They went far…!’ assesses the ECJ judgement in the Laval-case. The quarterly can be found on www.clr-news.org under publications (ISSN 1997-1745).

European Sociological Review, 2008

Early retirement in Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom: A longitudinal analysis of individual factors and institutional regimes Trudie Schils

I

n this article the author investigates whether early retirement patterns vary between countries with distinct early retirement systems. By choosing countries that differ with respect to the coverage and generosity of publicly provided pensions but also with respect to the extent to which the state interferes in the non-public pillars Voorjaar 2008

of pension provision, the author analyses to what extent such issues have an effect on individual early retirement behaviour. Selectivity effects are expected to be stronger in countries with highly fragmented public systems or private early retirement schemes. By pursuing a shift to more private pension provisions, governments might unintentionally create more inequality in early retirement opportunities among the population. For the analysis Amsterdams Instituut voor ArbeidsStudies

longitudinal data were used, i.e. BHPS 1991-2004 (the United Kingdom), the GSOEP 1990-2005 (Germany) and the SEP 1990-2001 (Netherlands) and a discrete-time competing-risks model. The results suggest that pursuing a shift from public to private early retirement schemes can lower the incidence of early retirement. Yet, at the same time, early retirement can get more selective in that only the higher paid are able to afford it.


First Born in Amsterdam: The changing parent-child setting Cecile Wetzels

L

ittle empirical work exists on the influence of the partner’s (change of) employment status on mother’s employment status. In addition, the effects of the family’s immigrant background on mother’s participation and employment has been under researched. This study explores both issues around first birth in addition to the effects of human capital, the mother’s partner not sharing the household, the women’s breastfeeding intentions and practices. The authors use panel data of 2003-2004 on families in Amsterdam at early pregnancy and at the time the infant is 3-5 months (when the Dutch family has to “choose” its paid parental

work arrangement). Only the father’s reduction of working for pay, to 25-32 hours per week after the birth of the first child (the aim of social policy debates on combining work and family for both parents), makes it more likely that the mother starts work when the infant is 3-5 months old. Furthermore, being a female, first generation immigrant has an independent (negative) effect, beyond human capital and other family characteristics, on the decision to work when pregnant and when the infant is 3-5 months old. Similarly, a partner born abroad has an independent, negative effect

on the Dutch born -with Dutch born parents- mother’s timing of her return to work. Dutch social policies seem to some extent successful in obtaining the reduction of father’s hours in paid work when the infant is very young. Yet, by stressing own responsibility they create only an opportunity for equality in parental paid work and potential benefits for children and parents for those families who can (and dare to) afford. in: Arnlaug Leira and Chiara Saraceno (eds.) Childhood: Changing Contexts, Comparative Social Research, vol. 25, Emerald Publishers, scheduled February 2008, pp. 195-241

Upcoming in Socio-Economic Review, 2008

Local economic governance in hard times: The shadow economy and the textile and clothing industries around Łódź and Naples Luigi Burroni, Colin Crouch, Monika Ewa Kaminska, and Andrea Valzania Areas of industrial decline, poor quality local government and poor infrastructure frequently find a kind of economic success through the shadow economy. But illegality imposes constraints on the kind of success that can be achieved. Study of such areas in central Poland and southern Italy reveals considerable similarities, despite the fact that Poland was part of the former state socialist bloc, Italy not. In both regions small and medium-sized textile and clothing firms were flourishing within the limits

of the shadow economy following the collapse of large corporations in the area. There were however important differences. Italian public policy has provided some possible routes out of the shadow economy and its distinctive governance, some limited advantage of which has been taken by firms, while Polish policy continues to deny that the problem exists. Also, because of the presence of leading clothing brands elsewhere in Italy, southern Italian firms have access to routes for upgrading their activities that are largely unavailable to their Polish counterparts. Amsterdams Instituut voor ArbeidsStudies

Voorjaar 2008

Column

Ferry Koster*

Pagina 14

Kromme lepels in een platte wereld De afgelopen weken hebben we kunnen genieten van “De nieuwe Uri Geller”, uitgezonden door SBS6. Zoals de titel al aangeeft wordt in dit programma gezocht naar een waardige opvolger van de man die in de jaren ’70 wereldberoemd werd door bestek te verbuigen. Nu is dat op zich geen prestatie maar wel als je daarbij enkel en alleen mentale kracht gebruikt, zoals hij beweert. Tegelijkertijd hebben critici niet stilgezeten en veel van de verrichtingen van Geller blijken niet meer te zijn dan een eenvoudige goocheltruc. Deze onthullingen hebben opmerkelijk genoeg weinig gevolgen gehad voor zijn status en een groot deel van de kijkers wrijft dan ook geduldig over een lepel als zij tijdens de uitzending worden gevraagd dat te doen. De nieuwe lichting ‘mentalisten’, zoals zij worden genoemd, neemt met gemak een extra hindernis. Omdat hun verrichtingen direct via het Internet teruggekeken kunnen worden is het doorprikken van de trucs kinderspel geworden. En, wat als blijkt dat er bedrog in het spel is? Haken kijkers dan massaal af ? Het tegenovergestelde lijkt eerder het geval. De filmpjes waarin de onthullingen worden gedaan kunnen rekenen op de afkeuring van de trouwe kijker. Niet zo heel vreemd want dan is de lol er natuurlijk snel af, maar het wekt ook de schijn dat mensen af en toe graag in de maling genomen willen worden. In presentaties over mijn onderzoek naar de gevolgen van globalisering maak ik geregeld iets vergelijkbaars mee. Bij dergelijke bijeenkomsten komt de inhoud van het begrip globalisering onvermijdelijk aan de orde. Vaste prik daarbij is dat mensen tamelijk wilde ideeën hebben over globalisering en de gevolgen ervan voor de samenleving. Een van de in mijn ogen belangrijkste vragen in dit onderzoek is steeds geweest of het

Voorjaar 2008

mogelijk is globalisering meetbaar te maken door het te beschrijven als de economische, sociale en politieke openheid van landen. Een groot voordeel daarvan is dat redelijk gemakkelijk vast te stellen is in hoeverre globalisering plaatsvindt of niet. Mijn publiek blijkt daar niet altijd even enthousiast over, want zo gemakkelijk kan het toch niet zijn? Net als dat het niet de bedoeling is de truc van een ‘mentalist’ te verklappen lijkt het niet toegestaan de bijna mythische proporties van globalisering terug te brengen tot wat meer overzichtelijke ontwikkelingen. Mijn indruk is daarbij dat beweringen in de populaire literatuur en de media hebben bijgedragen aan de beeldvorming rond globalisering. Wie is intussen niet bekend met de uitspraak van Thomas Friedman dat “de wereld plat is”? De metafoor is goed gevonden en leidt steevast tot een brede beschouwing over de toestand in de wereld. Dat de empirische ondersteuning nogal wankel is doet er dan blijkbaar niet zoveel meer toe. Hoe het ook zij, de kans bestaat dat er een moment komt dat mensen zijn uitgepraat over globalisering en het tijd wordt voor iets anders. Het schijnt dan ook dat er al voorbereidingen worden getroffen voor een nieuwe show met de titel “De nieuwe Thomas Friedman”. Als ze nog kandidaten zoeken, geef ik me op.

Ferry Koster * Ferry Koster is onderzoeker aan de Universiteit Leiden. Van 2005 tot 2008 was hij onderzoeker aan het AIAS en schreef samen met Paul de Beer het boek “Voor elkaar of uit elkaar? Individualisering, globalisering en solidariteit” (Aksant, 2007). www.ferrykoster.nl


Onderwijs Pagina 15

Master in Advanced Labour Studies/HR of nu ... Master Human Resource Management - Arbeid, Organisatie en Beleid

S

inds september 2007 neemt een groep van tien cursisten deel aan het programma van de nieuwe AIAS-masteropleiding Human Resource Management – Arbeid,

Organisatie en Beleid. De opleiding is de opvolger van de Master in Advanced Labour Studies/ HR en richt zich nog explicieter dan zijn voorganger op HRM en de achtergronden van dit vakgebied. Momenteel volgt de laatste groep deelnemers aan de Master in Advanced Labour Studies/HR het tweede jaar van deze opleiding. Doordat er als het ware twee parallelle groepen zijn die elk een programma met andere accenten volgen, komen de verschillen in de curricula naar voren. Dat er tegelijkertijd tevens grote overeenkomsten zijn is een gegeven dat inhoudelijk en didactisch wordt benut door beide groepen onderdelen gezamenlijk aan te bieden. Het op deze manier geregeld vergroten van de klassen leidt tot onder meer een verruiming van de gezichtspunten van waaruit stof aan praktijksituaties wordt gekoppeld en wordt door als... deelnemers Leer denken econoom als een aantrekkelijke verrijking van de psycholoog onderwijsbijeenkomsten beschouwd. Inmiddels hebben alle cursisten deelgesocioloog nomen aan een seminar over het thema jurist Organisatieverandering en staan er gezondheidkundige seminars over Duurzaamheid en arbeid en Grensoverschrijdend werken op de rol.

voltooiing van de opleiding. Als afsluiting van het eerste jaar voor de deelnemers aan de nieuwe opleiding staat op het programma het Wetenschappelijk Atelier; een onderdeel waarbij de vraag hoe op efficiënte wijze informatie in een organisatie kan worden verzameld centraal staat. Het gaat hierbij om een practicum waarin met het doen van kleinschalig onderzoek wordt geoefend. Inhoudelijke informatie over het programma is verder te vinden op de AIAS-website. Intussen gaan ook de werving en inschrijving van start voor de groep die in september 2008 met de opleiding start. Maandelijks worden voorlichtingsbijeenkomsten georganiseerd waarop het programma uitvoerig wordt gepresenteerd en toegelicht. Naast de

onderwijscoördinatoren van AIAS is bij deze bijeenkomsten een deelnemer aan het programma aanwezig zodat een genuanceerd beeld van de opleiding kan worden geschetst. De bijeenkomsten duren van 19.00 tot 20.30 uur en vinden plaats op: Woensdag 16 april Dinsdag 13 mei Donderdag 19 juni Belangstellenden wordt verzocht zich aan te melden bij het secretariaat van AIAS, tel. 020 5254199 of [email protected] Met inhoudelijke vragen over het masteronderwijs kunt u zich wenden tot opleidingscoördinator Matthijs Visser: 020 5254196 of [email protected]

POST GRADUATE MASTER HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ARBEID, ORGANISATIE EN BELEID Postinitiële topopleiding voor academisch geschoolde professionals op het terrein van arbeid en hrm Informatiebijeenkomsten: wo 16 april, di 13 mei en do 19 juni Vraag nu de brochure aan! Amsterdams Instituut voor ArbeidsStudies (AIAS) Universiteit van Amsterdam Plantage Muidergracht 12 1018 TV Amsterdam Tel. : 020 525 4199 Fax : 020 525 4301 Email : [email protected] Web : www.uva-aias.net

De nabije toekomst staat voor de tweedejaars cursisten in het teken van de afsluitende masterscriptie en daarmee de Amsterdams Instituut voor ArbeidsStudies

Voorjaar 2008

AIAS Pagina 16

Wie werken er bij AIAS?

Fellows

Paul de Beer Tamar Berger Yvette Berghuijs Mohamed Bouchareb Daniëlla Brals Barbora Brngalova Yip Hao Chan Heejung Chung Jan Cremers Emma Folmer Minna van Gerven Klarita Gërxhani

Hoogleraar Henri Polakleerstoel/ Onderzoeker Stagiaire Student assistent Administratief medewerker Student assistent LoWER Student Assistent Student Assistent Gast AIO Gast onderzoeker Student assistent onderwijs Postdoc Postdoc

• prof. N. Anderson UvA, FEB - Business Studies • mr. R. Beltzer UvA, FdR, Afd. Privaatrecht B • dr M.T. Blázquez Cuesta, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Department of Economics • dr. J.P. Bruggeman UvA, FMG - Afd. Sociologie en Antropologie • prof. W. Buitelaar UvA, FEB • dr. J. De Deken UvA, FMG afd. Sociologie, Antropologie • dr A. Ferrer-i-Carbonell, Institut d’Anàlisi EconòmicaC.S.I.C., Campus U.A.B. • dr. A. Hemerijck, WRR • dr. A. Heyma, SEO Economisch Onderzoek • prof. P. de Jong, APE BV

Ad Gielen Marloes de Graaf-Zijl Anüska Griffith Joke Haafkens Gijs Herderschêe Nick van de Heuvel Joyce Jacobs Herman Janzon Casper Kaandorp Monika Kaminska Maarten van Klaveren Helen Kopnina Angelique Lieberton Marc van der Meer Martha Meerman Nuria Ramos Wiemer Salverda Vid Štimac Kea Tijdens Matthijs Visser Jelle Visser Herman van de Werfhorst Cecile Wetzels Melanie Williams Aslan Zorlu

Administrateur Onderzoeker Administratief medewerker Onderzoeker Gast journalist Coordinator Externe Samenwer- king O&O Gast AIO Financieel Administrateur Programmeur Postdoc Onderzoeker Postdoc Office Manager Hoofd Opleidingen/ Onderzoeker Lector HvA/Onderzoeker Postdoc Managing Director Student assistent Onderzoekscoördinator Onderwijscoördinator Wetenschappelijk Directeur Onderzoeker Gast postdoc Student Assistent Postdoc

• dr. R. van het Kaar, Hugo Sinzheimer Instituut • dr. A. Kalwij, Universiteit van Utrecht • prof. B. Kittel, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg • dr F. Koster, Universiteit Leiden • prof. H. Maassen van den Brink, UvA, FEB / SCHOLAR • prof. R. Niessen, UvA, bijzonder hoogleraar Ien Dales Leerstoel • dr. J. te Nijenhuis, Open Universiteit • prof. B. van Praag, universiteitshoogleraar UvA, ere-fellow • prof. M. van Praag, UvA FEB - Afdeling Algemene Economie • dr. B. van Riel, Sociaal Economische Raad • dr. M. Rojer, AWVN • dr T. Schils, Maastricht University • dr. M. Schludi, Institute of employment research, IAB Nürnberg • prof. J. van Slooten, UvA, FdR / Stibbe Advocaten • dr. E. Sol, UvA, Hugo Sinzheimer Instituut • prof. B. Steijn, Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam • dr. H. Thierry, Universiteit van Tilburg • dr. J.P. van den Toren, Innovatie Platform • dr. W. Trommel, Universiteit Twente - Bestuur en Technologie • W. van Velzen (voormalig Europarlementariër) • Prof.. H. van de Werfhorst, UvA, FMG • Mr M. Westerveld, UvA, Hugo Sinzheimer Instituut • prof. T. Wilthagen, Universiteit van Tilburg, Organisatie voor strategisch Arbeidsmarktonderzoek, ere-fellow • dr. B. de Zwart, Astri Arbeid en Sociale Zekerheid

Kijk voor actuele gegevens van de medewerkers op onze website onder medewerkers www.uva-aias.net Voorjaar 2008


AIAS Pagina 17

Verbonden faculteiten en instituten

Stuurgroep van AIAS

Faculteiten • Economie en Bedrijfskunde (FEB) • Geneeskunde/AMC (FdG) • Maatschappij- en Gedragswetenschappen (Sociologie & Psychologie) (FMG) • Rechtsgeleerdheid (FdR)

prof. Evert Verhulp - Voorzitter FDR prof. Frank van Dijk AMC / Coronel Instituut prof. Annelies van Vianen FMG - Psychologie prof. Joop Hartog FEB

Onderzoeksinstituten • SEO Economisch Onderzoek • Coronel Instituut voor Arbeid, Milieu en Gezondheid (FdG) • Centrum voor onderzoek naar Europese Samenlevingen en Arbeidsverhoudingen • Stichting Mind at Work (FMG-Psychologie) • Hugo Sinzheimer Instituut (HSI) (FdR)

Portret van een nieuwe AIAS medewerker

Marloes de Graaf-Zijl

S

inds 1 januari werk ik bij AIAS als onderzoeker. Ik ben betrokken bij het LoWER project van Wiemer Salverda. Daar ga ik me vooral bezighouden met de rol van werkgevers aan de onderkant van de arbeidsmarkt.

We gaan op zoek naar bedrijfsstrategieën van deze werkgevers: combinaties van loonbeleid, opleidingsbeleid en ander HRMbeleid. Door gebruik te maken van kwantitatieve analyses op linked employer-employee panel data proberen we te achterhalen of er in de praktijk sprake is van een high road (hoge lonen, veel training van personeel, goede arbeidsvoorwaarden) versus een low road. We willen de relatie van deze strategieën met de productiviteit in kaart brengen, waarbij het uiteraard een belangrijke uitdaging is om de causaliteit vast te stellen. Naast mijn werk voor Lower doe ik mee aan het Verbeteronderzoek Re-integratie. Dit is een grootschalig onderzoek gefinancierd door Stichting Instituut GAK, waarbinnen ik samen met Yolanda Hoogtanders een onderzoek uitvoer naar ketensamenwerking. Verder ben ik editor en lid van de redactieraad van de Temp Work Research Monitor (www.tempworkresearch.nl), een project in opdracht van de ABU, en van het internettijdschrift TPE digitaal. Ik heb kwantitatieve algemene economie gestudeerd aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, waar ik in 1998 cum laude afstudeerde. In 2006 heb ik met succes mijn proefschrift “Economic and social consequences of temporary employment” verdedigd aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam. In het kader daarvan heb ik het M-Phil programma van het Tinbergen Instituut doorlopen. Van 1998-2007 werkte ik bij SEO Economisch Onderzoek, waar ik (contract)onderzoek deed naar onderwijs en arbeidsmarkt, re-integratie, uitzendwerk en stromen op de arbeidsmarkt.

Marloes de Graaf-Zijl Amsterdams Instituut voor ArbeidsStudies

Voorjaar 2008

Personalia Pagina 18

Nieuwe AIAS-ers Marieke Beentjes

Student Assistent Marieke heeft vorig jaar haar studie Algemene Economie (Msc) aan de Universiteit van Amsterdam afgerond. In februari is zij begonnen met een educatieve master aan het ILO van de UvA. Naast haar nieuwe studie zocht ze een uitdagende baan, die inhoudelijke raakvlakken vertoont met haar studie economie. De functie van student assistent voor het project ‘Industrial Relations in Europe’ van Jelle Visser geeft hier uitstekend invulling aan. Tijdens haar studie heeft zij met verschillende thema’s die binnen het project vallen kennisgemaakt. Zo schreef zij haar masterscriptie over het verschil in productiviteit en het aantal werkuren in Europa en de Verenigde Staten. De Lissabon Agenda en de verschillen in sociale modellen waren een belangrijk onderdeel van haar scriptie.

Yip Hao Chan

Student Assistent Yip Hao is een masterstudent Business Economics aan de UvA, met als specialisatie Organisation Economics. Deze richting heeft raakvlakken met bijv. arbeidseconomie. Aangezien hij heeft besloten om volgend collegejaar pas te gaan afstuderen, had hij voldoende tijd over om per februari bij het AIAS als student-assistent aan de slag te gaan. Bij het AIAS werk ik voor Marloes de Graaf aan het Temp Work Research Monitor project. Voor dit project zoek ik op het internet naar wetenschappelijke publicaties die gaan over tijdelijk Voorjaar 2008

werk. Daarnaast neem ik voor Angelique Lieberton de tekst op de homepage van het AIAS onder handen, zodat het er goed en up-to-date uitziet voor de aankomende evaluatieronde.

gaged in the study of the Italian system of industrial relations, with a particular focus on the revival of concertation and social pacts that Italy experienced by the mid-1990s.

Valentina di Stasio

Melanie Williams

Student Assistent Valentino is following the Comparative Labour and Organization Studies at the ISHSS, Universiteit van Amsterdam. She feels deeply involved in the ongoing debate about the possible patterns of “converging divergences” that could affect the process of decentralization of the collective bargaining all over Europe in the foreseeable future, as this topic was partly the subject of a paper she delt with during the last semester. This was the reason why she applied for the job as student assistant for the project Industrial Relations in Europe of Jelle Visser. Moreover, she is familiar with the European institutions, Spring 2007 she took a three months course in European Project Management in Brussels, and she started cultivating a deep interest in scholars’ researches on the viability of the hypothesis of a so-called European Social Model to come. Due to the fact that she studied at the Law and Welfare Department of the Univerisity of Milan during her BA career, she had the opportunity to gain knowledge of the scientific works of her lecturers, more precisely of the professors Gian Primo Cella, Ida Regalia and Marino Regini (the latter having been her thesis supervisor), who were enAmsterdams Instituut voor ArbeidsStudies

Student Assistent Melanie is completing a Masters in Sociology at UvA, with the specialization Comparative Labour and Organisation Studies. Prior to coming to the Netherlands, Melanie completed a Bachelor degree in Industrial Relations at the University of Western Australia and worked as a policy adviser to the West Australian state government. Melanie is now working as a student assistant for Kea Tijdens on the WageIndicator project.

Personalia Pagina 19

Vertrokken AIAS-ers Laura Dörfler

Following the termination of her oneyear contract as a research assistant in the Equalsoc project at AIAS, she got accepted for the PhD programme at the ASSR. Her project is part of the NWO project of Herman van der Werfhorst, entitled “Productive skills, positional good, or social closure? Three mechansisms for the education effect on the labour market”. Within this project, she will study the demand side of labour markets and focus on employers and their hiring practices in four different countries: the Netherlands, Germany, Sweden, and the US. What she would like to find out is 1.) what the mechanisms of education are in different institutional settings, and 2.) the importance of education, compared to other skills, in the hiring of new employees.

Ferry Koster

Ferry Koster heeft tussen 2005 en 2008 aan het SIG-project “Solidariteit en de Verzorgingsstaat”. Samen met Paul de Beer schreef hij het boek “Voor elkaar of uit elkaar? Individualisering, globalisering en solidariteit” (Amsterdam: Aksant, 2007). Daarnaast is hij betrokken geweest bij het onderwijs binnen de UvA en de HvA. Sinds 1 januari 2008 werkt Ferry bij de afdeling Economie van de Universiteit van Leiden waar hij onderzoek doet naar de gevolgen van de Europese Unie voor de verzorgingsstaat.

Trudie Schils

Hilda Bouma

Gasten

Heejung Chung

Trudie is eigenlijk (nog) niet echt weg bij het AIAS, want zij maakt als gast/ fellow het project met Paul de Beer af (tot eind 2008) en zal dus nog geregeld op het AIAS te vinden zijn. Aan de Universiteit van Maastricht heeft zij een baan gevonden als universitair docente Economie bij Lex Borghans en zal ze naast haar onderzoek dus ook gaan lesgeven.

Hubert Beyerle

Mei 2008 Hubert zal in mei bij AIAS zitten in het kader van het ‘Journalist in Residence Programme’, dat wordt gesubsideerd door de ‘Volkwagen Stiftung’. Het doel van het programma is om het gezamelijke leren tussen de media en de wetenschap te versterken, door vooraanstaande journalisten uit te nodigen een individuteel onderzoekproject in de academische wereld op te zetten. Hubert zal zich met name bezighouden met journalistiek onderzoek naar de economische oorzaken (en gevolgen) van verschillen in productiviteit van mensen.


Maart 2008 Hilda heeft ook bij AIAS gezeten in het kader van het ‘Journalist in Residence Programme’. Zij doet journalistiek onderzoek naar de vrouwelijke arbeidsparticipatie in Nederland en Duitsland. Na haar verblijf bij AIAS zal ze in het kader van dit programma zes weken bij het WZB in Berlijn verblijven. Hilda is journalist van het Financieele Dagblad.

November 2007 - januari 2009 Heejung Chung is een AIO binnen het Flexicurity onderzoeksprogramma onder leiding van Ton Wilthagen. Andere begeleiders van haar zijn Evert Verhulp en Trudie Schils. Haar onderzoek behelst cross-nationale variatie in flexibiliteit in Europese landen, waarbij ze gebruik maakt van zowel bedrijfs- als individuele data.

Gijs Herderschee

Februari - september 2008 Gijs zit ook bij AIAS vanwege het Journalist in Residence Programme. Hij zal met name onderzoek doen naar het verdwijnen van het Nederlandse corporatisme. Gijs is journalist bij de De Volkskrant.

Voorjaar 2008

Aankondiging De Nederlandse Arbeidsmarkt Dag herleeft ! November 2008, Amsterdam

T

ot 2000 werd tweejaarlijks, onder de naam de Nederlandse Arbeidsmark Dag, een groot (Nederlands-Vlaams) arbeidsmarktcongres georganiseerd, waar honderden beleidsmakers, wetenschappers, P&O-functionarissen en onderzoekers informatie uitwisselden en met elkaar in gesprek gingen. Ook voor studenten was het congres een goede manier om snel actuele kennis op te doen. Dit initiatief is niet voortgezet na de opheffing van het organiserende instituut, SISWO. Recent hebben het Amsterdams Instituut voor ArbeidsStudies (AIAS) en Regioplan Beleidsonderzoek het plan opgevat opnieuw tweejaarlijks een arbeidsmarktcongres te gaan organiseren. Wij menen dat nog steeds in brede kring behoefte bestaat aan een dergelijk platform voor kennisuitwisseling en discussie over arbeidsmarktthema’s. De Nederlandse Arbeidsmarkt Dag zal worden gehouden in:

November 2008 - Amsterdam met o.a.

Coen Teulings (CPB)

Hans Kamps (ABU, SER)

De organisatie van de Nederlandse Arbeidsmarkt Dag berust bij Kea Tijdens en Paul de Beer van AIAS en Jos Mevissen en Coen van Rij van Regioplan. De Nederlandse Arbeidsmarkt Dag biedt een combinatie van plenaire lezingen en workshops met paper-presentaties. De call for papers zal geopend worden medio april rond de centrale thema’s van arbeidsmarkt, arbeidsverhoudingen, arbeidsorganisatie en sociale zekerheid. Daarbij zoeken we in het bijzonder naar papers die een brug slaan tussen wetenschappelijk onderzoek en praktijk. Nadere informatie, waaronder de call for papers, verschijnt binnenkort op de website:

www.uva-aias.net/events

Amsterdams Instituut voor ArbeidsStudies (AIAS)  Universiteit van Amsterdam  Plantage Muidergracht 12  1018 TV Amsterdam T. 020 525 4199  F. 020 525 4301  [email protected]  www.uva-aias.net

nieuwsbrief Arbeid, Organisatie en Beleid AIAS-10-jaar conferenties Master HRM - Struggling for a proper job: recent immigrants in the Netherlands

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