MATERI 9 ENDOCRYNOLOGY KEBUNTINGAN DAN KELAHIRAN

MATERI 9 ENDOCRYNOLOGY KEBUNTINGAN DAN KELAHIRAN MK. ILMU REPRODUKSI

LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK FAPET UB

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SUB POKOK BAHASAN • Hormon yang berperan dalam kebuntingan (Progesteron, estrogen, PGF2 alfa, Prolaktin ) • Perubahan hormonal selama kebuntingan • Perubahan hormonal menjelang dan selama kelahiran (meliputi progesteron, estrogen, pgf2 alfa dan oxitocin) • Proses kelahiran


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Proses Implantasi

Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati

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Hormon selama kebuntingan Cow, Sow,Goat

Mare Ewe

CORPUS LUTEUM

PLACENTA

Progesteron

UTERUS Progesteron PLASENTA

PREGNANCY

Prolactin Untuk produksi susu

Estrogen Endocrinologi Reproduksi,Trinil susilawati

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Beberapa teori yang menginduksi Partus

• • • •

Volume uterus  meningkat Hormon PGF2α  Meningkat Hormon Progesteron  Turun Hormon Estrogen  Naik Miometrium  semakin sensitif kontraksi Oxytosin  diproduksi


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Aktivasi fetus • Fetus menghasilkan Corticosteroid  menyebabkan turunnya progesteron  peningkatan estrogen dan keluarnya PGF2α  menyebabkan myometrium kontraksi


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Perubahan saat bunting menyebabkan kelahiran Relaxed

Myometrial Excitement

Contractile

PREGNANCY PRE LABOR

Closed

Cervical Ripening

Dilatation LABOR


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Tahapan Melahirkan : 1. Dilatation of Cervix • Uterus mengalami kontraksi • Periode : Dimulai dari kontraks uterus sampai uterus mengalami dilatasi, juga vagina. • Induk ingin merebah, nafas frekuensi meningkat. • Perubahan posisi fetus


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2. Keluarnya fetus • Uterus dan perut kontraksi keras. • Periode : Servik membuka luas dan fetus bisa keluar. • Induk merejan, Plasenta pecah, cairan keluar.


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3. Keluarnya Plasenta • • • •

Kontraksi uterus mulai menurun Keluarnya fetus diikuti plasenta Plasenta terlepas dari endometrium Keluar plasenta


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Hormonal Control of Gestation Progesterone - Main Hormone -Causes uterine quiescence and histotroph production

Sources of Progesterone During Gestation Gestation Sheep - CL to day 50 then placenta 148 days Can remove CL after day 50 and not cause abortion Cow - CL throughout. However, after 280 days ~ day 215 placenta and adrenal produce enough progesterone to maintain pregnancy Sow - All from CL 114 days REPRODUKSI TERNAK Remove CL atLABORATORIUM any time causes abortion FAPET UB

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Gestation Mare -

1st CL produces progesterone up to ~ 180 days, FSH stimulates follicles growth and eCG (PMSG) causes CL's to form from follicles. They secrete progesterone and are active from day 40-180. Progesterone is low until 270 days - rises in last 5 months due probably to placental progesterone production.

337 days

PMSG - Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin Now call eCG Origin is Endometrial cups Endometrial cups form from invasion of the chorionic girdle cells surround the spherical placenta of mare. These invade into the uterine endometrium on Days 30 to 35 of gestation to form the ulcer-like cups. LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK FAPET UB

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Hormonal Changes that Control Parturition Hypothalamus

Fetal anterior pituitary gland

Steps Fetal ACTH causes -

Progesterone levels placental production or CL regression) -

Time of parturition is controlled by maturation of the hypothalamuspituitary-adrenal axis

Adrenalcorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

Fetal Corticosteroids causes -

Corticotropic Releasing Hormone CRF

Removal Blocks Parturition

Infusion induces parturition

Production of Estrogens by placenta -

Fetal Adrenal

Corticosteroid

Stimulates oxytocin receptor in myometrium

Estrogen (Increase)

PGF2 production by uterus -

Pine-needle abortion in cattle - cause by a corticosteroid-like product

Glucocorticoid

LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI Redrawn from Liggins, G.C.TERNAK UB 1969. In FoetalFAPET Autonomy

Progesterone (Decrease) Prostaglandin F2 13 (Increase)

Hormonal changes cause: 1. Final maturation of fetus

Cortisol - stimulates lung surfactant Initiates parturition and lung development

2. Expansion of birth canal

3. Maternal behavior 4. Synthesis and ejection of milk

5. Initiation of uterine contractions 6. Termination of pregnancy Fescue toxicity problems: Prolactin completes final Ergot causes inhibition of mammary development prolactin release and thus and milk secretion milk production LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK FAPET UB

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Significance of initial hormonal changes Progesterone - removes block on uterine contractions. Allows myometrial muscle fibers to work together in bundles

Estrogen - makes uterus more responsive to induction of contractions i.e., more irritable and smooth Induction of muscle tissue stimulation. oxytocin receptors Events just Prior to Parturition: 1. Pelvic ligaments soften - Tail head sinks due to estrogens and relaxin.

2. Cervix softens and begins secreting stringy mucus - estrogens and relaxin. Increased water content in cervical tissue and cervical plug is removed LABORATORIUM REPRODUKSI TERNAK FAPET UB

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MATERI 9 ENDOCRYNOLOGY KEBUNTINGAN DAN KELAHIRAN

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