lD ' WoBart. e en financiële belangen van de Staat en persoonlijke 10.2.a b. 11-1

Bijlage A bij brief nr 01/lD 11023979' WoBart.

e en financiële belangen van de Staat en persoonlijke

10.2.a. 10.2.b. 11-1

h 7

Bijlage A bij brief nr OÏ/ID 11023979 - F C Datum

Atlas/Reg

Onderwerp

Openbaar?

Toelichting

WoBart.

94017719 Nota aan StasEZ, RDM drietal vragen

nee

Is inhoudelijk exact gelijk aan nr. 14

10.2.a. 10.2.b.11.1 10.2.a. 10.2.b. 11.1

15

1-3-1994

16

28-3-1994

94026102 Concept nota aan StasEZ RDM/Indonesië

nee

Betrekkingen andere Staten, economische en financiële belangen van de Staat en persoonlijke

17

28-3-1994

94021145 Concept nota aan MinEZ RDM/Indonesië + concept minute(94026663)

nee

Concept nota is inhoudelijk exact gelijk aan nr. 15. 10.2.a. 10.2.b. Conceptminute nee: relaties met andere Staten en 11.1, l O . l . c

18

31-3-1994

XXXXXXXX Minute brief MinEZ-MP onderzeeboten Indonesië nee

19

17-5-1994

xxxxxxxx ANP persbericht

ja

20

19-5-1994

xxxxxxxx Fax

gedeeltelijk

gedeeltelijk

21

10-6-1994

nee

Betrekkingen met andere Staten

10.2.a

22

16-6-1994

xxxxxxxx Fax

gedeeltelijk

Fax ja, namen niet, commercieel vertrouwelijke info niet. Bijlage niet: commercieel vertrouwelijk

10.2.8, l O . l . c

23

20-6-1994

xxxxxxxx Aktieplan

nee

Commercieel vertrouwelijk

lO.l.c

24

8-8-1994

xxxxxxxx

Fax Def-EZ conceptbrief

geen oordeel Beoordeling en eventuele vrijgave geschiedt door Defensie

25

19-8-1994

xxxxxxxx

Fax RDM-EZ concepttekst voor bericht amb. Jakarta

gedeeltelijk

26

17-10-1984

27

2-11-1994

28

23-12-1994

heleidsonvattinaen

c o m m . vertr. i n f o r m a t i e

inzake waarschuwing China voor levering duikboten aan Taiwan Fin-EZ verslag bespreking Indonesië

94045496 Brief MinEZ aan Begemann verslag besprekingen inzake RDM Taiwan

xxxxxxxx Fax

RDM-EZ kosteninformatie Moray

RDM reorganisatie 1994

Def-EZ concept contract Moray

94079910 Interne nota EZ mbt advies Landsadvocaat Moray opdracht (bijlage: advies niet aanwezig)

xxxxxxxx Fax def -

Ministersbrief: persoonlijke beleidsopvattingen

11.1

• ••; • "•

Fax ja, namen niet. Bijlagen niet: betrekkingen met andere Staten

10.2.e

10.2.e, 10.2.a

geen oordeel Beoordeling en eventuele vrijgave geschiedt door Defensie gedeeltelijk

Nota ja, namen niet

EZ concept overeenkomst Moray 1400 geen oordeel Beoordeling en eventuele vrijgave geschiedt door Defensie

10.2,e

Bijlage A bij brief nr OI/ID 11023979 , Datum

Atlas/Reg

Onderwerp

Openbaar?

Toelichting

WoBart.

29

11-1-1995

xxxxxxxx

Persbericht ANP NCM nieuwe financieringsregelinfg

ja

30

24-1-1995

xxxxxxxx

Fax RDM-EZ projectfinancieringsconcepten onderzeeboten

nee


lO.l.c

31

24-1-1995

xxxxxxxx

Diskontering renteverschillen EFF

nee

Financieringsbasis: commercieel vertrouwelijk

lO.l.c

32

30-1-1995

xxxxxxxx

Memo def - EZ concept overeenkomst Moray 1400


33

2-2-1995

34

3-2-1995

xxxxxxxx

Fax RDM-EZ memorandum financiering onderzeeboten Indonesië

35

15-2-1995

xxxxxxxx

36

5-3-1995

xxxxxxxx

37

5-3-1995

38

Namen niet. Niet-ozb paragrafen niet.

10.2.e. l O . l . c

nee


lO.l.c

Concept overeenkomst Staat-RDM (Moray)

nee

Is commercieel vertrouwelijk concept

lO.l.c, 11.1

Notariële akte Staat-RDM ontw. Moray 1400

nee

Commercieel vertrouwelijk, persoonlijke levenssfeer

l O . l . c , 10.2.e

AS050395 EZ-memo: EZ aandeel Moray

nee

Persoonlijke beleidsopvattingen, onevenredige benadeling rechtspersonen

11.1, 10.2.g

7-3-1995

xxxxxxxx

Fax EZ-RDM: verzoek om financiële stukken RDM e.a.

gedeeltelijk

Fax ja, namen niet

10.2.e

39

10-3-1995

xxxxxxxx

Fax RDM-EZ: financiële stukken RDM e.a.

gedeeltelijk

Fax ja, namen niet. Bijlagen niet Commercieel vertrouwelijk

10.2.e. 101.c

40

14-3-1995

41

17-3-1995

42

22-3-1995

95rdm4.doc Gespreksverslag RDM Defensietransactie Moray gedeeltelijk e.a.

40728/1545 Brief Def-EZ; Projectcoördinator Moray 1400

xxxxxxxx

Fax RDM-EZ: bezoek aan RDM


95018991 Strikt Vertrouwelijke Kamerbrief MinEZ inz. RDM nee

fax ja, namen niet.

10.2.e

Strikt vertrouwelijke Kamerbrief

lO.l.c. 10.2.b

^

Bijlage A bij brief nr OI/ID 11023979 Datum

Atlas/Reg

Onderwerp

95022532 EZ-nota: Moray-II studie

Openbaar?

Toelichting

WoBart.

Nee

Persoonlijke beleidsopvattingen, economische en financiële belangen van de Staat

11.1, 10.2.b

43

23-3-1995

44

3-4-1995

45

5-4-1995

45

3-5-1995

xxxxxxxx Fax

Def-EZ vraag over originele versie Moray contract


47

4-5-1995

xxxxxxxx

RDM memorandum Onderzeeboten/Indonesië

gedeeltelijk

Blz 1, ja, bedragen niet. Blz 2 e.v. niet: commercieel vertrouwelijk

lO.l.c

48

15-5-1995

nee


11.1

49

17-5-1995

nee

Betrekkingen met andere Staten.

10.2.a.

50

18-5-1995

xxxxxxxx RDM-concept:

nee

Betrekkingen andere Staten. Commercieel vertrouwelijk

10.2.a, l O . l . c

51

13-5-1995

xxxxxxxx

Fax RDM-EZ samenvatting begroting Moray 1400

nee


lO.l.c

52

14-5-1995

xxxxxxxx

Fax RDM-EZ: notitie zwaardvis/Moray

gedeeltelijk

Coverfax ja, namen niet

10.2.e

53

28-6-1995

xxxxxxxx Fax

gedeeltelijk

Namen niet. Bedragen niet

10.2.e. l O . l . c

54

28-5-1995

xxxxxxxx Fax

gedeeltelijk

Fax ja, namen niet. Bijlage niet: betrekkingen met andere Staten. Commercieel vertrouwelijk

10.2.e. 10.2.a. lO.l.c

55

13-7-1995

nee


11.1

56

30-7-1995

gedeeltelijk

Fax ja, namen niet. Bijlage niet: commercieel vertrouwelijk

10.2.e. l O . l . c

xxxxxxxx Fax

Def-EZ conceptantwoorden kamervragen

95022553 Brief EZ-Def: Moray-II studie

xxxxxxxx Brief

MinFin-MinEZ inzake Indonesië

95035199 EZ memo aan MinEZ inzake gesprek met RDM vertegenwoordiger brief aan Indonesië

RDM-EZ inzake risico's Indonesië project

Begemann-EZ mbt Memorandum RDM Indonesië

95045928 Brief MinEZ-MinFin mbt kredietverzering RDM

xxxxxxxx Fax Begemann-EZ project

mbt begroting Indonesië


Briefje, namen niet

10.2.e

Bijlage A bij bnef nr Ol/ID 11023979 Datum

Atlas/Reg

Onderwerp

RI125011.CP Brief RDM aan EZ inzake invitation to tender van Royal Thai Navy

Openbaar?

Toelichting

WoBart.

gedeeltelijk

Coverbrief en faxen ja, namen niet, getallen niet. Bijlage Thailand niet: betrekkingen met andere Staten Persoonlijke beleidsopvattingen

10.2.e, 10,I.e. 10.2.a

57

1-8-1995

58

3-8-1995

59

15-8-1995

xxxxxxxx

Fax Begemann inzake uitnodiging tbv receptie op NL ambassade Jakarta

gedeeltelijk

Fax ja, namen niet

10.2.e

60

15-8-1995

XXXXXXXX Fax Begemann-EZ mbt verleggen RDM regres naar onderleveranciers

gedeeltelijk

Fax ja, namen niet., bedragen niet

10.2.e l O . l . c

51

17-8-1995

xxxxxxxx

gedeeltelijk

Fax ja, namen niet

10.2.e

62

17-8-1995

XXXXXXXX Interne EZ fax kredietverzekering RDM Indonesië

nee

11.1. lO.l.c. 10.2. g

63

18-8-1995

nee

Persoonlijke beleidsopvattingen, bedrijfsvertrouwelijke informatie en onevenredige hpnadelina rechtsnersonen Persoonlijke beleidsopvattingen

54

24-8-1995

XXXXXXXX Fax RDM-EZ inzake fax RDM-NCM exportkredietverzekering

gedeeltelijk

Fax ja, namen niet

10.2.e

55

28-8-1995

XXXXXXXX Fax Begemann-EZ concept voorstel 3 onderzeeboten Indonesië

gedeeltelijk

Cover fax ja, namen niet. Bijlage niet: commercieel 10.2.6 l O . l . c vertrouwelijk

65

28-8-1995

XXXXXXXX Fax RDM - vd Nieuwenhuijzen mbt samenvatting begroting Zwaardvis

nee


67

29-8-1995

XXXXXXXX Fax Begemann mbt Begroting Zwaardvis en Moray

gedeeltelijk

Coverfax ja, namen niet. Bijlage niet: Commercieel 10.2.e l O . l . c vertrouwelijk

68

29-8-1995

XXXXXXXX Fax Begemann-EZ mbt concept brieven aan Indonesië

gedeeltelijk

Coverfax ja, namen niet. Bijlage niet: betrekkingen met andere Staten

69

30-8-1995

XXXXXXXX Fax Begemann-EZ mbt begroting Moray

gedeeltelijk

Coverfax ja, namen niet. Bijlage niet: commercieel 10.2.e. l O . l . c vertrouwelijk

70

30-8-1995

gedeeltelijk

Nota ja, namen niet. Bedragen niet. Bijlage niet = nr. 55 en bijlage bij nr. 67: commercieel

95051980 Concept EZ nota aan MinEZ inzake onderzeeërs nee Thailand

Fax Begemann-EZ inzake uitnodiging tbv receptie op NL ambassade Jakarta

95058028 EZ memo MinEZ mbt onderzeeërs Indonesië

95055979 EZ Nota RDM Indonesië kredietverzekering

vertrouweliik

., , .

11.1

11.1

lO.l.c

10.2.e. 10.2.a

10.2.e lO.l.c.

Bijlage A bij bnef nr OI/ID 11023979 ^ ^ Datum

Atlas/Reg

Onderwerp

Openbaar?

Toelichting

XXXXXXXX Fax Def-EZ inzake fax Fin Zwaardvis met brief MinFin als bijlage


1-9-1995

XXXXXXXX Interne aantekening aan DGID en SG inzake Indonesië

nee

73

2-9-1995

74

71

30-8-1995

72

WoBart.

Persoonlijke beleidsopvattingen, cbedrijfsvertrouwelijke informatie

11.1. l O . l . c

XXXXXXXX Aantekening aan MinEZ inz. Politiek beraad mbt nee RDM en Indonesië

Betrekkingen met andere Staten, commercieel vertrouwelijke informatie

10.2.a. 10.2.b.

5-9-1995

XXXXXXXX Interne EZ fax inzake concept brief van RDM voor brief aan Royal Thai Navy

gedeeltelijk

Fax ja, namen niet. Bijlage: conceptbrief, namen niet

10.2.e

75

5-9-1995

nee

Persoonlijke beleidsopvattingen, vertrouwelijke 11.1. lO.l.c bedrijfsinformatie, betrekkingen met andere Staten 10.2. a

75

7-9-1995

XXXXXXXX EZ memo aan MinEZ kredietverzekeringsaanvraag RDM. Bijlage niet aanwe7ia XXXXXXXX Interne fax EZ met nota 95052034 en concept brief aan Royal Thai Navy 95051955

gedeeltelijk

Fax ja, namen niet Nota en brief zijn concepten: persoonlijke beleidsopvattingen <•

10.2.e. 11.1

77

7-9-1995

XXXXXXXX EZ Memo aan MinEZ inzake Advies NCM

nee


11.1. 10.2.g

78

7-9-1995

XXXXXXXX EZ memo aan MinEZ mbt RDM Indonesië

nee

11.1. lO.l.c. 10.2. g

79

11-9-1995

XXXXXXXX Fax Begemann-EZ Indonesië order

gedeeltelijk

persoonlijke beleidsopvattingen, bedrijfsvertrouwelijke informatie, onevenredige benadelina rorhtsnersonen Coverfax ja, namen niet. Bijlage niet: betrekkingen met andere Staten. Ec. Fin belangen Staat.

80

12-9-1995

Brief ja, namen niet. Nota ja, namen niet

10.2.e

81

14-9-1995

82

20-9-1995

RI125160/JS Fax RDM-EZ inzake offerte Thailand

gedeeltelijk

Coverfax ja, namen niet. Bijlage niet: betrekkingen 10.2.e. 10.2.a met andere Staten

83

21-9-1995

D5.2589RDM Fax Praaning Meines - EZ met brief Praaning Meines aan EZ inzake RDM Thailand

gedeeltelijk

Fax ja, namen niet

10.2.e

84

21-9-1995

RI125155/JS Fax RDM-EZ inzake Moray tbv Portugal

gedeeltelijk

fax ja, namen niet

10.2.e

95061955 Brief EZ-Royal Thai Navy inzake export Thailand gedeeltelijk plus begeleidende nota XXXXXXXX Fax Def-EZ: wijziging Moray contract

10.2.e 10.2.a. 10.2,b.


Bijlage A bij brief nrOI/JD 1102-3979- _ ^ 7 Datum

Atlas/Reg

Onderwerp

Openbaar?

Toelichting

WoBart.

85

22-9-1995

XXXXXXXX Fax Begemann-EZ inzake verklaring RDM tbv Moray Thailand

gedeeltelijk

fax ja, namen niet

10.2.e

86

26-9-1995

XXXXXXXX Fax Begemann-EZ inzake verklaring RDM tbv Moray Thailand

gedeeltelijk

fax ja, namen niet

10.2.e

87

25-9-1995

95056022 EZ nota aan MinEZ inzake Thailand

gedeeltelijk

Nota ja, namen niet. Passages met pers. beleidsopvattingen niet. Handgeschreven

10.2.e 11.1

88

26-9-1995

95058535 Brief Begemann-EZ mbt offerte Moray Thailand

gedeeltelijk

Brief ja, namen niet

10,2.e

89

13-11-1995

95079556 Brief RDM - EZ: projectenoverzicht

gedeeltelijk

Brief ja, namen niet. Bijlage niet: commercieel vertrouwelijk

10.2.e. l O . l . c

90

11-12-1995

gedeeltelijk


10,2.e.

91

22-1-1995

gedeeltelijk

Brief ja, namen niet. Bijlage niet: commercieel vertrouwelijk

10.2.e. l O . l . c

92

19-2-1996

nee


11.1. 10.2.g

93

26-2-1995

95011137 Minute brief EZ-Begeman: verzelfstandiging Begeman

n.v.t

Is minute van en gelijk aan nr. 94

nvt

94

29-2-1996

95011137 Brief EZ-Begeman: verzelfstandiging Begeman

gedeeltelijk


10.2.e

95

8-3-1995

95017477 EZ-nota: RDM/Zwaardvis. Bijlagen niet aanwezig

gedeeltelijk

Nota ja, namen niet. Passages met pers. beleidsopvattingen niet. Handgeschreven

10.2.e 11.1

96

14-3-1996

XXXXXXXX EZ-memo: RDM, gevolgen aandelenoverdracht

nee

Persoonlijke beleidsopvattingen

11.1

97

18-3-1995

XXXXXXXX Mail: intercompany verhoudingen RDM

gedeeltelijk

e-mail ja, namen niet

10.2.e

98

22-3-1996

XXXXXXXX Brief MinFin Antillen aan RDM

nee

Betrekkingen met andere Staten, onevenredige benadeling rechtspersonen

10.2.a 10.2.g

aantekeninaen niet: nerq. heleidsonvattinaen

XXXXXXXX Brief Begemann-MinFin: weigering exportvergunning 95008543 Brief RDM - EZ: projectenoverzicht

95/14 EZ-memo: verkoop RDM

nantekeninaen niet: nerq. heieidsoDvattinoen

Bijlage A bij brief nr OI/ID 11023979 ^>^7r Datum

Atlas/Reg

Onderwerp

Openbaar?

Toelichting

WoBart.

99

25-3-1996

95022632 Brief Begeman-EZ: garanties bodemsanering, Moray

gedeeltelijk

Brief ja, namen niet, aantekeningen niet: persoonlijke beleidsopvattingen

10.2.e. 11.1

100

27-3-1995

96022085 EZ-nota: RDM/Zwaardvis

gedeeltelijk

Nota ja, namen niet. Aantekeningen niet: Persoonlijke beleidsopvattingen

10.2.e 11.1

101

3-4-1996

nee

Persoonlijke beleidsopvattingen

11.1

102

11-4-1996

gedeeltelijk

10.2.e lO.l.c 11.1

103

11-4-1996

nee

Nota ja, namen niet. Getallen niet: commercieel vertrouwelijk. Passages met pers. heleidsoDvattinaen niet: oers. beleidsoD. Persoonlijke beleidsopvattingen

11.1

104

2-5-1996

gedeeltelijk


10.2.e

nee

Intern beraad: persoonlijke beleidsopvatting

11.1

Brief ja, naam niet

10.2.e

gedeeltelijk


10.2.e

95034770 Brief EZ-Begeman: garanties bodemsanering en gedeeltelijk Moray

brief ja, namen niet

10.2.e

105

XXXXXXXX EZ-memo: RDM verkoop aandelen

95025524 EZ nota aan MinEZ onderzeeboten Indonesië

FD95/23 EZ-memo: verkoop RDM aandelen

95029959 Brief RDM-EZ licentiebouw Moray

31-5-1995 95035615 e.a. EZ-memowisseling: verkoop aandelen RDM

105

7-5-1995

95033999 Brief minEZ-RDM:gebruiksrecht PDS-info Moray gedeeltelijk

107

7-6-1996

96034017 Brief MinEZ-RDM: export Zwaardvis

108

24-5-1995

109

3-7-1996

110

21-8-1995

111

112

96044751 Brief RDM-MinEZ: bevestiging ontvangst brief

gedeeltelijk


10.2.e

95053272 Brief RDM - EZ: Portugal

gedeeltelijk


10.2.e

2-9-1995

95055771 Brief Def - EZ: AD-rapport


4-9-1996

96055885 Nota EZ aan MinEZ met concept brief aan Min BZ = nr. 113

gedeeltelijk

Nota ja, namen niet. Bijlage Concept brief aan Min 10.2.e BZ, Niet: zie 113

Bijlage A bij brief nr OI/ID 11023979 ^ ^ Datum

Openbaar?

Toelichting

WoBart.

95055963 Brief MinEZ aan MinBZ inzake export zwaardvis

nee


11.1

90057953 Brief Def - EZ: vertraging ontw. Moray


Atlas/Reg

Onderwerp

113

5-9-1996

114

11-9-1995

115

24-9-1995

XXXXXXXX Fax Def-EZ voorgestelde wijziging garanties Moray


115

25-9-1995

XXXXXXXX Mail opm op annex RDM Moray contract

gedeeltelijk

e-mail ja, namen niet

10.2.e

117

28-10-1996

gedeeltelijk

Brief ja, namen niet. Bepaalde passages niet: betrekkingen met andere Staten

10.2.e. 10.2.a

118

8-11-1995

119

27-11-1996

120

4-3-1997

121

25-3-1997

122

30-5-1997

123

14-10-1998

124

22-11-1999

125

29-3-2001

125

30-3-2001

96068054 Brief RDM - EZ: Portugal: MP

XXXXXXXX Fax Def-EZ verlenging Proj.Def.St. Moray


XXXXXXX Fax EZ - AZ: Portugal

gedeeltelijk

Fax ja, namen niet. Bedrag niet (commercieel vertrouwelijk en persoonlijke beleidsopvatting niet

10.2.e. l O . l . c 11.1

97015702 Brief RDM - EZ: verzoek vervolgopdracht

gedeeltelijk


10.2.e

gedeeltelijk

Fax ja, namen niet

10.2.e

gedeeltelijk

Fax ja, namen niet. Bijlage niet: commercieel vertrouwelijk

10.2.e. l O . l . c

nee

Persoonlijke beleidsopvattingen, bedrijfsvertrouwelijke informatie, betrekkingen met andere Staten Brief ja, namen niet. Bijlage niet : commercieel vertrouwelijk en economisch financiële belangen Starbt Fax ja, namen niet

11.1. lO.l.c. 10.2. a

Brief ja, namen niet. Passage econ. fin. belangen Staat niet

10.2.e. 10.2.b

D97086/TJK Fax RDM-EZ , brief Proj.Def.St. Moray

97035511 Brief RDM - EZ: verzoek opdracht

XXXXXXXX EZ memo RDM deal 1994

XXXXXXX Brief LM- Def: Alkmaar offset

gedeeltelijk

XXXXXXX Fax RDM - EZ: bedrijfsnaam etc

gedeeltelijk

1017987 Brief EZ - RDM: offset credits LM

gedeeltelijk

10.2.e. lO.l.c. 10.2.b 10.2.e

j

Bijlage A bij brief nr OI/ID 11023979 Datum

Atlas/Reg

Onderwerp

Openbaar?

Toelichting

WoBart.

Brief ja, namen nee. Bijlage niet: commercieel vertrouwelijk en economisch financiële belangen Staat Betreft een kopie van bovenstaand briefnr 01035650.

10.2,e. lO.l.c. 10.2.b

127

2-7-2001

1035660 Brief LM - EZ: offset credits

gedeeltelijk

128

2-7-2001

1035965 Brief LM - EZ: offset credits

Nee/n.v.t.

129

29-03-1994

94025663 Ontwerpbrief MinEZ aan MP over Indonesië

nee


11.1

130

31-03-1994

XXXXXXX Fax RDM + offerte t.b.v. Indonesië

Gedeeltelijk

lO.l.c, 10.2.e

131

20-04-1994

94032562 Nota juridische positie Staat bij evt claims

nee

132

22-04-1994

94033351 Nota juridische positie Staat bij evt claims

nee

133

30-05-1994

XXXXXXX Brief DG BEB aan Taipei Econ & Cult Rep

nee

Coverfax ja, namen niet. Bijlage is "company confidential" en bevat commercieel vertrouwelijke informatie Persoonlijke beleidsopvattingen, financiële belangen van de Staat, onevenredige benadeling rechtsnersonen Persoonlijke beleidsopvattingen, financiële belangen van de S t a a t , onevenredige benadeling rechtsnersonen Schade voor de betrekkingen van Nederland met andere Staten

134

01-11-1994

XXXXXXX Fax RDM stand van zaken Indonesië

gedeeltelijk

Fax ja, namen niet

10.2,e

135

11-11-1994

94082957 Nota onderzeeboten Indonesië

nee


11,1. 10,2,g

136

24-11-1994

94087545 Brief RDM stand van zaken Indonesië

gedeeltelijk


10,2,e

137

29-11-1994


nee

Persoonlijke beleidsopvattingen, onevenredige benadeling rechtspersonen . •

11.1. 10.2.g

138

23-12-1994


nee


11.1, 10.2,g

139

09-02-1995


nee


11.1. 10.2,g

10.2.e. lO.l.c. 10.2.b

11.1. 10,2,b, 10.2, g 11.1, 10.2,b, 10.2, g 10.2,a

^pf

Bijlage A bij brief nr OI/ID 11023979Datum

Atlas/Reg

Onderwerp

Openbaar?

Toelichting

WoBart.

140

28-02-1995


nee


11.1. 10.2.g

141

07-03-1995

95018103 Nota onderzeeboten Indonesië -f- bijlagen

nee


11.1, 10.2.g.

142

15-05-1995


nee


11.1, 10,2,g

143

05-09-1996

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TECHNOLOGY

TOWAMS HIGH POWER' ATMOSPHERE INDEPENDENT •PROPULSION ( A I P ) SYSTEMS - DESIGN AND TESTING

By : Rolf M. Boogaarc Project Manager AIP systems ROTTERDAM DOCKYARD COMPANY U92 - Scockholm, November 2-5, 1992

Rei.nr P.DM M'» Bfiielnr 602601 •ÎB't

tfs..!> II

TECHNOLOGY

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Towards h i g h power Atmosphere Independent P r o p u l s i o n Design and T e s t i n g

Abstract

'

"

'

'

(AIP) system

,• ,. ' •

RDM s t a r t e d development o f h i g h power AIP systems i n 1987. The f i r s t : g o a l was t o prove the f e a s i b i l i t y o f a 150 kW c l o s e d c y c l e d i e s e l system. D u r i n g t h e p a s t years s e v e r a l improvements have been i n c o r p o r a t e d and t h e technology demonstrator merged i n t o a r e l i a b l e and s a f e o p e r a t i n g c l o s e d c y c l e system. The n e x t phase w i l l be u p s c a l i n g o f t h e system t o an e l e c t r i c a l o u t p u t o f 400 kW. To a r r i v e a t a h i g h power AIP' s y s t e m a l o t o f development work has been c a r r i e d o u t d u r i n g the p a s t y e a r s . Computer c a l c u l a t i o n s and s i m u l a t i o n s were performed t o i m p r o v e v a l v e movement c o n t r o l o f t h e Water Management System (WMS) and have l e d to t h e d e s i g n o f a t h r e e phase system. The improvements r e s u l t e d i n an i m p o r t a n t r e d u c t i o n i n noise g e n e r a t i o n t o s t a y w i t h i n the m i l i t a r y n o i s e r e q u i r e m e n t envelope. Furthermore a new h i g h p r e s s u r e absorber has been i n c o r p o r a t e d and t e s t e d . To improve the c o n t r o l l a b i l i t y o f t h e c l o s e d c y c l e d i e s e l system a r e a l - t i m e m u l t i t a s k i n g , m u l t i p r o c e s s o r c o n t r o l and m o n i t o r i n g system w i t h s t a n d a r d i z e d language i s i n t r o d u c e d . For t h e u p s c a l e t o the 400 kW system a computer s i m u l a t i o n program has been w r i t t e n t o c a l c u l a t e the p r e s s u r e curve i n the c y l i n d e r o f t h e d i e s e l e n g i n e . With t h i s model i m p o r t a n t i n f o r m a t i o n on the l o a d a n d e f f i c i e n c y o f t h e engine can be o b t a i n e d . The computer program has s p e c i a l f e a t u r e s t o take i n t o account t h e d i f f e r e n t gas c o n s t i t u e n t s i n a c l o s e d r e c y c l e gas system. The therrTiodynamic p r o p e r t i e s o f the c l o s e d c y c l e gas w i l l d i f f e r from those o f normal a i r due t o the h i g h e r c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f carbon d i o x i d e i n t h e gas r e t u r n i n g t o the e n g i n e . R e s u l t s o f t h e matching w i t h the 150 kW system a t d i f f e r e n t loads w i l l be showed. A n o t h e r i m p o r t a n t aspect o f c l o s e d r e c y c l e r u n n i n g i s a v o i d i n g p o l l u t i o n o f t h e gas system and d i e s e l engine. To s a f e g u a r d "clean" combustion an excess amount o f a i r (oxygen) can be used. P r e l i m i n a r y t e s t s w i t h h i g h e r oxygen c o n c e n t r a t i o n s have been c a r r i e d o u t and t h e r e s u l t on the e n g i n e investigated.

1 U92 - S t o c k h o l m , November 2-5, 1992

Btsitinr 602601 •23^

Ref.nr ROM 004

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Towards h i g h power Atmosphere Independent P r o p u l s i o n (AIP) system Design and T e s t i n g

Introduction

' • •. .

' •••

As f a r as energy g e n e r a t i o n and p r o p u l s i o n are concerned, submarines c a n be d i v i d e d i n t o two groups: n u c l e a r powered submarines (SSNs) a n d c o n v e n t i o n a l l y powered submarines (SSKs). A l t h o u g h n u c l e a r p r o p u l s i o n has t h e advantage o f an almost u n l i m i t e d submerged endurance, o n l y f e w c o u n t r i e s can a f f o r d t h i s p r o p u l s i o n method. Most c o u n t r i e s (such as t h e N e t h e r l a n d s ) are r e s t r i c t e d to c o n v e n t i o n a l p r o p u l s i o n . I n g e n e r a l t h i s p r o p u l s i o n method i s based on a d i e s e l - g e n e r a t o r s e t f o r c h a r g i n g t h e b a t t e r i e s when surfaced or under s n o r t i n g c o n d i t i o n s i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h an e l e c t r i c motor Co d r i v e the p r o p e l l e r . ^ Due t o t h e f a c t t h a t an o p e r a t i n g d i e s e l - engine consumes a i r , t h e submarine has t o s u r f a c e ( o r go t o s n o r t i n g depth) f r e q u e n t l y t o c h a r g e the b a t t e r i e s . Under these c o n d i t i o n s the r i s k o f d e t e c t i o n i s much i n c r e a s e d . To stay submerged and c o v e r t f o r much l o n g e r p e r i o d s t h a n p o s s i b l e w i t h a c o n v e n t i o n a l b a t t e r y A i r Independent P r o p u l s i o n systems are b e i n g developed. A f t e r c a r e f u l c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f t h e advantages a n d d i s a d v a n t a g e s o f the v a r i o u s under water power g e n e r a t i n g systems, RDM has chosen f o r the 'Closed Cycle D i e s e l ' system w i t h gas a b s o r p t i o n i n seawater. O p e r a t i o n a l requirements f o r t h e AIP system are d i c t a t e d by m i s s i o n r e q u i r e m e n t s o f ocean-going submarines [ 1 ] . The most i m p o r t a n t r e q u i r e ments are :

-

H i g h power f o r speed around 10 knots. A n o i s e s i g n a t u r e equal t o e l e c t r i c s i l e n t r u n n i n g a t a speed o f approximately 6 knots. Depth independent. E f f i c i e n t i n the consumption o f f u e l and e s p e c i a l l y oxygen t o reach the h i g h e s t endurance f o r a g i v e n storage c a p a c i t y . R e l i a b l e and s a f e . O p e r a t i o n o f the system should n o t r e q u i r e s p e c i a l l y t r a i n e d o r i n c r e a s e d crew. B e t t e r s p e c i f i c w e i g h t and volume i n comparison w i t h o t h e r A I P systems (e.g. b a t t e r i e s , f u e l c e l l s ) . Low i n i t i a l expenses and acceptable l i f e t i m e c o s t s . Acceptable Mean Time Between Maintenance.

The necessary c o m p l e x i t y o f the system t o reach these o b j e c t i v e s r e q u i r e s o f f the s h e l f p r o d u c t s w i t h proven r e l i a b i l i t y and an i n t e l l i g e n t c o n t r o l and m o n i t o r i n g system w i t h a h i g h degree o f a u t o m a t i o n a n d - 2 U92 - S t o c k h o l m , November 2-5,

1992

Btslslnr 602601 •23'l Rel.nr RDM 00-1

11

M' H-»»0=

Towards h i g h power Atmosphere Independent P r o p u l s i o n (AIP) system Design and Testing V

flexibility

for

simple

integration

onboard.

' '

' ••'''.'••'"[.:"''•'':''•'''•

'

To f u l f i l ocean-going requirements ElDM's SPEGTRi: AIP system w i l l be s t a n d a r d i z e d at u n i t s o f 400 kW e l e c t r i c a l o u t p u t . The codename SPECTRE s t a n d s f o r "Submarine Power f o r Extended Contact T r a i l i n g and Range Enhancement". " S p e c i a l " a t t e n t i o n w i l l be p a i d to o p t i m i z e the e f f i c i e n c y o f t h e ' system ( e . g . gas c o m p o s i t i o n ) . Computer s i m u l a t i o n programs proved v e r y u s e f u l f o r t h i s purpose thus saving experimental w o r k . The depth independent combustion products removal system t h a t w i l l be the r e s u l t o f t h i s work, i s also u s e f u l f o r o t h e r power sources e . g . S t i r l i n g engines or r e f o r m e r f u e l c e l l s , when t h e y are a v a i l a b l e i n due course.

History 150 kW Closed Cycle D i e s e l

•

,

,

I

.

,

demonstrator

E a r l y 1987 RDM s t a r t e d the development o f an AIP system i n c o o p e r a t i o n w i t h C a r l t o n Deep Sea Systems (former Cosworth) . The f i r s t aim was t o demonstrate c l o s e d c y c l e d i e s e l technology w i t h an exhaust gas s c r u b b e r ( a b s o r b e r ) and a Water Management System (WMS). The concept o f a d i e s e l engine running i n a c l o s e d c y c l e i s not new. I n [ 2 ] M r . Fuchs announced t h a t i n 1907 at the Germania y a r d a 30 HP c l o s e d c y c l e engine was developed. This work was p u b l i s h e d i n 1913. The development continued and i n 1940 i n the "Forschungsinstitut für K r a f t f a h r w e s e n und FahrzeugmoCoren an der Technischen Hochschule i n S t u t t g a r t " i m p o r t a n t development work on a c l o s e d c y c l e d i e s e l e n g i n e s is c a r r i e d out, Mr. Fuchs also r e p o r t e d h i s c o n t r i b u t i o n to c l o s e d c y c l e systems: an 1500 HP d i e s e l engine w i t h approximately 11,2 tons o f gaseous o x y g e n storage. A l l these e a r l y closed cycle systems were developed on t h e b a s i s o f pushing exhaust gas overboard d i r e c t l y or w i t h a compressor. Nowadays researchers are s t i l l working on t h i s type o f c l o s e d c y c l e and r e c y c l e d i e s e l engine systems [ 7 ] . A fundamental disadvantage o f t h e s e systems i s t h a t a p a r t o f the remaining oxygen i n the exhaust gas, w h i c h is u n a v o i d a b l e w i t h d i e s e l engines, i s l o s t . The h i g h e r the ' o x y g e n c o n c e n t r a t i o n i n the i n l e t of che engine (and thus the exhaust) the h i g h e r the l o s s .

- 3 U92

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TECHNOLOGY


RDM has chosen f o r an absorber Solubility [çA watefl t o remove t h e combustion produ c t s . Because the combustion p r o d u c t s ( m a i n l y carbon d i o x i d e and water) dissolve good i n seawater and oxygen p o o r l y (see figure 1) t h e absorber i s a s e l e c t i v e removal d e v i c e . R e a l i s i n g t h e a b s o r p t i o n process i n a compact absorber i n v o l v e s t h e development o f a new •' technology. The method of letting in Température s e a w a t e r and p u s h i n g i t overb o a r d w i t h a water management Figure 1 Solubility system, i s n o v e l too. scicuenCs

[Celsiusj

of

various

con-

D e s c r i p t i o n , o f the Closed Cycle D i e s e l system I n g e n e r a l , the system c o n s i s t s o f the f o l l o w i n g components: an o f f t h e s h e l f d i e s e l engine o f which the exhaust gases are water spray c o o l e d and l e d t o a gas a b s o r b e r . The absorber c o n t a i n s seawater which i s r e f r e s h e d c o n t i n u o u s l y . Seawater and gas are mixed i n a r o t a t i n g mass t r a n s f e r e l e m e n t . A p a r t o f the exhaust gas, m a i n l y c o n s i s t i n g o f c a r b o n d i o x i d e , d i s s o l v e s i n the seawater, w h i l e the u n d i s s o l v e d p a r t l e a v e s t h e a b s o r b e r . T h i s gas i s then e n r i c h e d w i t h oxygen and argon ( t h u s f o r m i n g a k i n d o f a r t i f i c i a l a i r ) , and f e d t o the a i r i n l e t o f t h e d i e s e l engine. I n terms o f thermodynamics the mixture o f oxygen, argon, n i t r o g e n , c a r b o n d i o x i d e and w a t e r can have the same p r o p e r t i e s as ambient a i r ( o r even b e t t e r ) , thus m a i n t a i n i n g a h i g h e f f i c i e n c y o f the d i e s e l e n g i n e and c l e a n c o m b u s t i o n w i t h o u t producing smoke. A d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e c l o s e d c y c l e d i e s e l system can be f o u n d i n [ 4 ] , [ 5 ] and [ 6 ] . The oxygen r e q u i r e d f o r the underwater combustion process o f the d i e s e l e n g i n e can be s t o r e d i n the submarine i t s e l f . The more oxygen t h e s u b m a r i n e can c a r r y , the longer i t can s t a y submerged. The c r y o g e n i c method i s the most s u i t a b l e and compact way o f s t o r a g e . Oxygen gas, when c o o l e d down t o a temperature o f minus 183° C e l s i u s , changes i n t o a l i g h t b l u e l i q u i d and can be s t o r e d i n a tank w i t h good t h e r m a l i n s u l a t i o n and 4 -

U92


B«ieinr 602601 -234

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Rei nr RDM 004

RDM

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Towards h i g h power Atmosphere Independent P r o p u l s i o n (AIP) Design and T e s t i n g

system

s h o c k p r o o f mounting. The pressure r a t i n g o f the tank w i l l be such t h a t oxygen c a n always be v e n t e d a g a i n s t depth p r e s s u r e . P r i o r t o b e i n g u s e d Che l i q u i d oxygen (LOX) has t o be v a p o r i z e d . The e v a p o r a t i o n heat c a n be e x t r a c t e d f r o m t h e c o o l i n g c i r c u i t o f the d i e s e l engine. The s e a w a t e r i n the absorber has t o be r e f r e s h e d c o n t i n u o u s l y . T h i s means t h a t - s e a w a t e r contaminated w i t h carbon d i o x i d e a t a low p r e s s u r e coming f r o m t h e absorber has t o be e.xchanged f o r f r e s h seawater s u r r o u n d i n g t h e submarine and t h e r e f o r e w i t h a h i g h (depth) p r e s s u r e . F o r t h i s 'water exchange' the Water Management System i s used. T h i s e q u i p ment c o n s i s t s o f two w a t e r c o n t a i n e r s and one v a l v e b l o c k and i s a b l e t o exchange, w a t e r r e g a r d l e s s the pressure o f t h e water and u s i n g an a l m o s t n e g l i g i b l e amount o f energy o n l y f o r f r i c t i o n l o s s e s .

Improvements d u r i n g the past years

i

Çevelopment o f a Water Management C o n t r o l System I n t h e 150 kW t e c h n o l o g y demonstrator one WMS was used f o r each o f t h e two 75 kW a b s o r b e r s , which were mounted on t o p o f the WMS. Because a WMS o p e r a t e s i n t e r m i t t e n t by c y c l i c changing t h e volumes connected t o l o w p r e s s u r e i n t h e absorber and depth p r e s s u r e , the water f l o w i s n o t continuous. I n t h e f i r s t WMS c o n t r o l concept the time from open Co c l o s e o f t h e v a l v e s i n t h e system was v e r y s h o r t and caused n o i s e . The f i r s t e f f o r t to reduce t h e n o i s e was focused on improvement o f t h i s v a l v e c o n t r o l . By measurement o f che c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f the v a l v e s , a movement p r o f i l e c o u l d be c a l c u l a t e d . To c r e a t e a continuous water f l o w t h r o u g h t h e a b s o r b e r t h r e e WMS's were made t o f u n c t i o n i n a t h r e e phase mode. To a r r i v e a t a WMS w i t h an acceptable noise l e v e l , the requirements f o r a movement p r o f i l e can be summarized as f o l l o w s : Che w a t e r v e l o c i t y f l u c t u a t i o n s must be slow enough t o a v o i d w a t e r hammer. t h e t i m e f o r the change-over p e r i o d f o r the pressures ( h i g h / l o w , l o w / h i g h ) must be l o n g enough Co a v o i d steep pressure g r a d i e n t s , the t o t a l f l o w o f the WMS arrangement must be continuous t o a v o i d d i s t u r b a n c e o f the a b s o r b t i o n process, t h e dimensions o f the WMS must be k e p t s m a l l . - 5 U92 - S t o c k h o l m ,

November 2-5, 1992

Seslclnr 602601 -2 34 Rei nr RDM 004

II

TECHNOLOGY mil

Towards h i g h pover Atmosphere Independent P r o p u l s i o n (AIP) system Design and T e s t i n g

The s o l u t i o n was found in a triple WMS with a dedicated t h r e e phase c o n t r o l . Figure 2 g i v e s an example o f a movement p r o f i l e f o r a t h r e e phase WMS. The v a l v e movement i s from open t o c l o s e i n the middle to • open a g a i n . A f t e r the movement t h e water volumes a r e exchanged ( w i t h carbon dioxide d i s s o l v e d w a t e r f o r f r e s h w a t e r and v i c e versa). Figure 2 Example of movement valves in a. WMS (-1,1 is open, 0 is

IJndeirwater n o i s e t a r g e t

profile closed)

levels

At Che s t a r t o f t h e AIP development a f e a s i b i l i t y study was c a r r i e d o u t Co e s t a b l i s h whether o r n o t t h e most dominating noise source, i . e . t h e D i e s e l e n g i n e , c o u l d be i s o l a t e d s u f f i c i e n t l y t o comply w i t h t h e ' s i l e n t boat' requirement. The i n i t i a l r e s u l t s o f t h i s study were p o s i t i v e . T h i s p r e d i c t i o n was c o n f i r m e d by performance measurements o f the equipment i n c l u d i n g t h e a b s o r b e r and Water Management System. At p r e s e n t i t can be s a i d the r a d i a t e d noise from the AIP system w i l l n o t exceed t h e s i l e n t boat requirement f o r the o p e r a t i o n a l submarine.

Equipment n o i s e

performance

For b o t h t h e absorber and WMS extensive source measurements have been performed, verifying t h e improvements i n d i m i n i s h i n g t h e o v e r a l l equipment n o i s e p r o d u c t i o n . These improvements r e s u l t e d from the i t e r a t i v e process a p p l y i n g m o d i f i c a t i o n s t o areas where t h e main noise sources are l o c a t e d and c o m p a r i n g I

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Towards h i g h pover Atmosphere Independent P r o p u l s i o n (AIP) system Design and T e s t i n g

the r e s u l t s w i t h the requirements. I n f i g u r e 3 the improvement o f the s t r u c t u r e - b o r n noise l e v e l o f a WMS i s presented. The highest c u r v e r e p r e s e n t s the noise product i o n o f t h e o r i g i n a l WMS and the lower after using the improved movement curve f o r the v a l v e s . The system was r u n n i n g under a depth p r e s s u r e o f 25 bar. ;

Figure 3 5true cure-öom noise spectrum of a VMS before and after modification R e a l t i m e p r o c e s s c o n t r o l system The c o m p l e x i t y o f the c l o s e d c y c l e system i s such t h a t manual c o n t r o l o f t h e s y s t e m becomes v e r y d i f f i c u l t . For example oxygen and argon f e e d have t o be c o n t r o l l e d w i t h i n v e r y s h o r t time l i m i t s and v a r i o u s f e e d back c o n t r o l loops are necessary f o r smooth o p e r a t i o n o f v a l v e s a n d e l e c t r i c motors. To m o n i t o r the process parameters a data a c q u i s i t i o n system i s warranted. The o r i g i n a l process c o n t r o l system f e a t u r e d a standard BASIC i n t e r p r e t e r w i t h process o r i e n t e d a d d i t i o n s i n c l u d i n g 'real-Cime' m o n i t o r f o r q u a s i p a r a l l e l h a n d l i n g o f d i f f e r e n t b a s i c t a s k s . The " m u l t i t a s k i n g " software a r c h i t e c t u r e was capable o f a s s i g n i n g d i f f e r e n t execution s c h e d u l e s and e x e c u t i o n r a t e s ( t a s k c y c l e times) t o i n d i v i d u a l p a r t s o f t h e c o n t r o l program. C o n t r o l statements ( t a s k s ) c o u l d be a c t i v a t e d o r suspended and machine c o n c r o l statements (sequences) were programs w h i c h c o u l d be r e q u e s t e d s e q u e n t i a l l y , (see f i g u r e 4 ) . Sequences c o u l d be used f o r s e q u e n t i a l process c o n t r o l f o r example s t a r t u p sequences, s t o p sequence o r open c y c l e to closed c y c l e change-over sequence, e t c . Task's a r e u s e d among others f o r oxygen c o n t r o l and argon c o n t r o l loops.

U92 - S t o c k h o l m , November 2-5, 1992

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F i g u r e 4 S t r u c t u r e o f process c o n c r o i i l n g -

The I n p u t \ 0 u t p u t c a p a b i l i t i e s were l i m i t e d : t h e r e were 8 analog i n p u t c h a n n e l s , 4 analog o u t p u t channels, 32 d i g i t a l i n p u t and o u t p u t c h a n n e l s . The analog i n p u t channels were used f o r measuring pressures and temperatures, etc. The digital channels f o r s t a r t i n g and s t o p p i n g e l e c t r i c a l motors ( e . g . absorber, pumps), d e t e c t i n g v a l v e p o s i t i o n s , etc. For t e s t i n g purposes the system was adequate f o r the t e s t r i g o p e r a t o r t o r u n c l o s e d c y c l e . For data a c q u i s i t i o n an IBM-AT p e r s o n a l computer w i t h f o u r boards was i n s t a l l e d and connected v i a f l a t c a b l e s w i t h a c a b i n e t i n w h i c h the A/D converters were l o c a t e d . W i t h t h i s s y s t e m i t was p o s s i b l e to monitor 32 analog channels and 64 d i g i t a l c h a n n e l s . L i n k i n g the d a t a - a c q u i s i t i o n system t o the process c o n t r o l system f o r alarm purposes was not p o s s i b l e . The b e s t s o l u t i o n f o r the c o n t r o l of the valves i n the Water Management System was e s t a b l i s h e d d u r i n g Che experiments mentioned e a r l i e r . The c o n c l u s i o n was t h a t the best p o s s i b l e c o n t r o l i s a t h r e e phase c o n t r o l , to always ensure f l o w i n two systems w h i l e the t h i r d i s changing o v e r f r o m d e p t h p r e s s u r e t o low pressure and v i c e v e r s a . For t h i s c o n t r o l a t h i r d s t a n d - a l o n e p e r s o n a l computer has been used w i t h two f a s t a n a l o g i n p u t / o u t p u t boards and d e d i c a t e d c o n t r o l s o f t w a r e . The r e q u i r e d a n a l o g o u t p u t speed f o r the c o n t r o l o f Che valves i s a s e c p o i n t e v e r y 2 m i l l i s e c o n d s . T h i s o u t p u t r e q u i r e d a f a s t computer. I t appeared t h a t t h e computer c o u l d o n l y do the c o n t r o l Cask f o r the v a l v e s ; there was no p r o c e s s o r time l e f t f o r other tasks ( e . g . PID c o n t r o l l o o p s , m i m i c s ) . S u m m a r i z i n g , t h r e e computers were used f o r c o n t r o l o f the c l o s e d c y c l e d i e s e l system, which were o p e r a t i n g stand-alone and had to be s t a r t e d

U92 - S t o c k h o l m , November 2-5, 1992

Bïiteinr 602601 -234

Ref.nr RDM 004

Il rtiK'.:' II

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TECHNOLOGY

Towards h i g h power Atmosphere Independent P r o p u l s i o n (AIP) system Design and T e s t i n g ^.

and s t o p p e d manually. •• ' '' ' . For s a f e t y reasons i t became necessary t o i n s t a l l a new i n t e g r a t e d cont r o l system. A f t e r d r a w i n g up t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s , an e x t e n s i v e m a r k e t s u r v e y has been c a r r i e d o u t . The e v a l u a t i o n was n o t o n l y based on t e c h n i c a l r e q u i r e m e n t s , b u t a l s o other aspects were c o n s i d e r e d t o be important. Summarizing t h e r e q u i r e m e n t s :

v...

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Comply w i t h ' M i l i t a r y Standard' temperature range and shock. Open a r c h i t e c t u r e o f the bus ( e . g . VME b u s : worldwide t h e most used). R e a l - t i m e o p e r a t i n g system, m u l t i t a s k i n g ( e . g . 0S9, VRTX V e l o c i t y , VxWorks). S t a n d a r d i z e d programming language ( e . g . ADA o r C, C-H- a c c o r d i n g ANSI s t a n d a r d s ) . F l e x i b l e system, i n c r e a s e o f I/O must be s i m p l e t o a d j u s t t h e system t o the r e q u i r e m e n t s o f customers. F a s t process v i s u a l i s a t i o n (mimics) on a v i s u a l d i s p l a y d e v i c e (monitor). , , D i r e c t support o f the manufacturer. !

A r e a l - t i m e o p e r a t i n g system has been chosen, because o f the number o f Casks t o be c a r r i e d o u t " s i m u l t a n e o u s l y " . The concept o f p a r a l l e l i s m (more t h a n one t h i n g b e i n g done a t the same t i m e ) i s fundamental t o r e a l - t i m e o p e r a t i n g systems. A task can be i n two s t a t e s : r u n n i n g ( u s i n g the C e n t r a l Processing U n i t (CPU) t o execute code) o r w a i t i n g ( s l e e p i n g ) f o r i t s t u r n Co be a b l e Co use che CPU a g a i n .

1

real world interface alarm control generation processing operator display trending interaccion generation

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I n most time s h a r i n g r e a l - t i m e o p e r a t i n g systems the a l l o c a t i o n o f t h e CPU i s done on a s e q u e n t i a l , t i m e - s l i c e d b a s i s . The t i m e - s l i c e f o r a l l t a s k s i s e i t h e r equal (each task r e c e i v e s an equal share o f CPU) o r i n p r o p o r t i o n t o each task p r i o r i t y ( t a s k r e c e i v e s a s p e c i f i e d s h a r e o f CPU). F i g u r e 5 [ 9 ] shows the t y p i c a l c o n f i g u r a t i o n i n a r e a l - t i m e system. The- tasks are organised i n a p y r a m i d a l s t r u c t u r e w i t h t h e m o s t t i m e - c r i t i c a l tasks a t the top and t h e l e a s t c r i t i c a l tasks a t t h e ' bottom. Thus c r e a t i n g maximum f l e x i b i l i t y f o r the s t r u c t u r e o f the c o n t r o l system. As an example, i n t h e c l o s e d c y c l e system t h e oxygen c o n t r o l task and a l a r m m o n i t o r task are c r i t i c a l . The t a s k s f o r t h e d i s p l a y o f temperatures and p r e s s u r e s i n mimics are less c r i t i c a l and have low p r i o r i t y . Because o f the h i g h requirements f o r t h e d a t a - a c q u i s i t i o n , i t was n o t poss i b l e t o a c q u i r e a computer system with one Central Processor Unit (CPU) , w h i c h was able t o handle a l l tasks p r o p e r l y . The s o l u t i o n was f o u n d i n two CPU's o p e r a t i n g s i m u l t a n e o u s l y , one CPU i n s t a l l e d as master and one as s l a v e . The communication between b o t h CPU's i s done v i a n e t work s o f t w a r e and a 'window' i n d u a l p o r t e d memory which can be addressed by both CPU's. The Input/Output b o a r d s a r e l o c a t e d on the syscem bus and can be expanded e a s i l y . The s o f t w a r e f o r the c o n t r o l and mon i t o r i n g o f che c l o s e d c y c l e system i s w r i t t e n i n house. The system cons i s t s o f many tasks f o r the c o n t r o l o f t h e d i e s e l engine, pumps, v a l v e s , etc. Process schemes (mimics) on a Figure 6 The CCD control panel monitor of the recycle gas system, > w a t e r system and d i e s e l engine are made. I n t h e mimics temperatures. 10 U92 - S t o c k h o l m , November 2-5,

1992

Beiielnr 603601 -234 Ref.nr RDM 004

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p r e s s u r e s , f l o w s , e t c . can be monitored. Alarm t a s k s are a v a i l a b l e , w i t h h i g h p r i o r i t y t o ensure safe stopping i n case o f an emergency. The r e s u l t i s a c l o s e d c y c l e system which s t a r t s and s t o p s f u l l y a u t o m a t i c . A f t e r pushing t h e s t a r t b u t t o n , 5 minutes l a t e r e l e c t r i c a l power IS a v a i l a b l e a t any depth. S t a r t i n g i n open c y c l e mode and c l o s e d c y c l e mode ( a t d e p t h p r e s s u r e ) i s p o s s i b l e . Changing over from c l o s e d t o open c y c l e and v i c e versa i s done w i t h two b u t t o n s . The f u l l c o n t r o l o f t h e system i s reduced to p u s h i n g f i v e b u t t o n s . For t h e process computer a new c o n t r o l panel i s d e s i g n e d and p r o d u c e d T h i s p a n e l had t o f i c i n Che present c o n c r o l room. For t h i s purpose t h e o l d c o n t r o l p a n e l and data a c q u i s i t i o n system were removed and r e p l a c e d by t h e new system. F i g u r e 6 gives an i m p r e s s i o n o f t h e new c o n t r o l panel.

Measurements w i t h t h e updated 150 kW AIP system

Development

o f h i g h speed d a t a - a c q u i s i t i o n .

1

H i g h speed d a t a - a c q u i s i t i o n was necessary f o r r e c o r d i n g the p r e s s u r e i n the c y l i n d e r o f t h e d i e s e l engine. For two reasons a d i g i t i z e d p r e s s u r e c u r v e was needed, t h e f i r s t reason i s t h a t p r e s s u r e r e c o r d i n g s were u s e d f o r m a t c h i n g the combustion s i m u l a t i o n i-nmnnro-r T-,T-r^^>-o,^ The second reason i s the d e s i r e to i n v e s t i g a t e t h e e f f e c t s o f a : :--f--f--i ; h i g h e r oxygen c o n c e n t r a t i o n s on • the c o m b u s t i o n process i n the m s c y l i n d e r o f the d i e s e l engine. The p r o c e s s computer i s s u i t .TT « a b l e f o r t h i s purpose. One o f the r e q u i r e m e n t s f o r the coma. p u t e r syscem was the p o s s i b i l ity of data-acquisition with s s a m p l i n g r a t e s o f a t l e a s t 30 kHz. Because o f t h e f l e x i b i l i t y of u s i n g two computers on Che a v a i l a b l e f o r the s l a v e comthe engine running p u t e r t o do t h e measurements closed cycle and a t t h e same time c o n t r o l l i n g t h e v a l v e s i n the water management system, w h i l e t h e main

150

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11 U92 - Scockholm, November 2-5,

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Besieinr 602601 -234 Ref.nr RDM OCM

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Towards h i g h power Atmosphere Independent P r o p u l s i o n (AIP) syscem Design and Testing

had t i m e f o r a l l the r e m a i n i n g c o n t r o l and m o n i t o r i n g and d i s p l a y t a s k s , t h u s e n s u r i n g s a f e and s t a b l e c l o s e d c y c l e r u n n i n g . The slave computer has a D i r e c t Memory Access (DMA) c a p a b i l i t y t o r e l i e v e the main p r o cessor (CPU) . By u s i n g t h i s method sampling r a t e s o f 100 kHz a r e p o s s i b l e . A n o t h e r requirement f o r the f a s t d a t a - a c q u i s i t i o n was t h e n e c e s s i t y o f r e c o r d i n g the pressure t r i g g e r e d by an e x t e r n a l p o s i t i o n t r i g g e r and n o t by time i n t e r v a l s . To make c a l c u l a t i o n s the d i r e c t r e l a t i o n between t h e p o s i t i o n o f Che c r a n k s h a f t ( p i s t o n ) and t h e p r e s s u r e i n t h e c y l i n d e r must be known. Only then the exact p r e s s u r e volume r e l a t i o n can be c a l c u l a t e d ( f i g u r e 7 ) . For the e x t e r n a l t r i g g e r an i n c r e m e n t a l encoder w i t h index ( t r i g g e r ) pulse o u t p u t i s f i t t e d on t h e c r a n l c s h a f t , g i v i n g 1024 pulses each r e v o l u t i o n and w i t h the e n g i n e r u n n i n g a t 30 r e v o l u t i o n s per second, the 30 kHz sampling r a t e i s explained. I F i g u r e 8 g i v e s such a recorded pressure curve. I n this picture the d i f f e r e n c e between open c y c l e and c l o s e d c y c l e ( r u n n i n g a t 55 kW) e l e c t r i c o u t p u t can be seen. Because o f t h e removal o f t h e t u r b o c h a r g e r s , i t i s no longer possible t o r u n the e n g i n e a t h i g h l o a d i n open c y c l e mode. The differences between the two curves are due to the higher inlet pressure in closed cycle mode. In open cycle mode Che Figure 8 Pressure curves in the cylinpressure is approximately ambiàer of the diesel engine nment, while in closed cycle mode ning 55 kW open and closed a p p r o x 1.5 b a r a b s o l u t e . The cycle r e s u l t i s a h i g h e r pressure a t t h e end o f compression and also a higher maximum combustion p r e s s u r e . The t o p dead c e n t r e ( p i s t o n i n the h i g h e s t p o s i t i o n ) l i e s on 360 deg crankangle. i

By a p p l y i n g the f i r s t law of thermodynamics the heat r e l e a s e can be c a l c u l a t e d . The h e a t r e l e a s e is presented as Che quanCity o f f u e l b u r n e d d u r i n g one c r a n k a n g l e s t e p (one degree r o t a t i o n ) . I n the c a l c u l a t i o n t h e amount o f h e a t t r a n s f e r r e d through Che surroundings o f che c y l i n d e r ( p i s t o n , c y l i n d e r w a l l and c y l i n d e r head) i s not taken i n t o account. The C o t a i amount o f h e a t c a l c u l a t e d does not correspond w i t h the amount o f

- 12 U92 - S t o c k h o l m , November 2-5, 1992

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TECHNOLOGY


heac i n p u t w i t h the f u e l , b u t i t i s a good measure o f how Che comb u s t i o n t a k e s p l a c e . The shape o f t h e cuirve does n o t a l t e r much i f h e a t t r a n s f e r i s accounted f o r . I n figure 9 the c a l c u l a t e d heat r e l e a s e c u r v e f o r 55 kW open c y c l e and c l o s e d c y c l e r u n n i n g i s presented. The shapes of the curyes are almost similar, a small difference in the start of combustion may be Figure 9 Heat Release curves of the noticed. eng-ine running 55 kW open The combustion in closed cycle and closed cycle mode s t a r t s a l i t t l e b i t e a r l i e r t h a n i n open c y c l e mode. The f i r s t p a r t o f Che curve i s the so c a l l e d p r e m i x e d b u r n i n g and i s c o n t r o l l e d by the amount o f f u e l prepared ( e v a p o r a t e d ) d u r i n g t h e i g n i t i o n delay. A f t e r t h i s r a p i d b u r n i n g t h e c o m b u s t i o n i s c o n t r o l l e d by the amount o f f u e l e v a p o r a t i o n and i s c a l l e d t h e d i f f u s i o n combustion. I n g e n e r a l t h i s p e r i o d l a s t s longer than t h e i n j e c t i o n t i m e o f the f u e l . I t must be remembered t h a t the h e i g h t o f t h e c u r v e does n o t correspond w i t h the a c t u a l h e i g h t because o f Che n e g l e c t of Che h e a t t r a n s f e r . Without v i o l a t i n g the r e a l i t y too much i t can be concluded t h a t t h e combustion i n c l o s e d c y c l e mode does n o t a l t e r a g r e a t d e a l f r o m t h e open c y c l e mode. Retarding of fuel injection ' s t a r t i n g p o i n t a l i t t l e b i t may •-•1 > j •:be n e c e s s a r y t o o p t i m i s e the e f f i c i e n c y o f Che CCD syscem. In figure 10 the c a l c u l a t e d h e a t r e l e a s e i s presented; Che e n g i n e was r u n n i n g i n c l o s e d c y c l e mode w i t h 150 kW e l e c t r i cal o u t p u t . A g a i n i t can be c o n c l u d e d t h a t the shape o f the c u r v e i s q u i t e s i m i l a r to the other curves presented. The c o n c l u s i o n t h a t the engine i s not loaded much d i f f e r e n t i n c o m p a r i s o n w i t h open c y c l e running i s j u s t i f i a b l e .

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- Scockholm,

Besremr 602601 234

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Ref.nr RDM 004

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TECHNOLOGY


I n [ 8 ] t h e authors i n v e s c i g a c e d Che r e l a t i o n between t h e heat r e l e a s e and t h e n o i s e spectrum o f t h e d i e s e l engine. I t was found chat i t i s p o s s i b l e t o reduce the n o i s e spectrum by 2 dB(A) by changing the combust i o n p r o c e s s from premixed b u r n i n g to more d i f f u s i v e combustion. I t i s j u s t i f i a b l e t o p o s t u l a t e t h a t a -higher premix peak w i l l g i v e a h i g h e r n o i s e spectrum. Of course t h i s has t o be proven by measurements. D u r i n g c l o s e d c y c l e r u n n i n g s m a l l amounts o f oxygen and argon w i l l be l o s t ( t h e y d i s s o l v e p o o r l y i n seawater). T h e r e f o r e i t becomes i n t e r e s t - ' i n g t o i n v e s t i g a t e the e f f e c t s o f v a r y i n g t h e c o m p o s i t i o n o f the i n l e t gas and a t t h e same time measuring the p r e s s u r e i n t h e c y l i n d e r and t h e n o i s e s p e c t r u m o f the engine. I n F i g u r e 11 the p r e l i m i n a r y r e s u l t s o f r u n n i n g c l o s e d c y c l e w i t h h i g h e r oxygen c o n c e n t r a t i o n s a r e presented. The engine was r u n n i n g 100 kW e l e c t r i c o u t p u t i n c l o s e d c y c l e mode. A t p r e s e n t t h e oxygen measurement system i s l i m i t e d Co maximum oxygen c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f approx. 24% b y volume.

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Heat Release curves for various oxygen tions at 100 kW closed cycle running

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Sesielnr 602601 -234

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TECHNOLOGY

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Towards h i g h pover Atmosphere Independent P r o p u l s i o n (AIP) syscem Design and T e s t i n g

•

As a p r e l i m i n a r y c o n c l u s i o n can be s a i d t h a t t h e engine i s n o t l o a d e d much d i f f e r e n t l y w h i l e i n c r e a s i n g the oxygen c o n c e n t r a t i o n . Through t h e v i e w i n g window i n the gas system there was no smoke v i s i b l e The f u e l and oxygen consumption d i d n ' t increase, a l l parameters appeared t o be s t a b l e . I n the near f u t u r e more t e s t s w i t h h i g h e r oxygen c o n c e n t r a t i o n s and r u n n i n g f o r l o n g e r periods w i l l be conducted t o v e r i f y t h e i n d i c a t i o n s t h a t - n o i s e r e d u c t i o n s and smoke f r e e e x h a u s t gas can be o b t a i n e d .

• Design o f t h e h i g h power SPECTRE system j For u p g r a d i n g the 150 kW closed cycle system t o a 400 kW system t h e d i e s e l engine w i l l be r e p l a c e d by a 400 kW e n g i n e . T h i s engine p r o d u c e s a p p r o x i m a t e l y three times the amount o f c a r b o n d i o x i d e (and w a t e r v a p o u r ) as t h e p r e v i o u s one. To d i s s o l v e more c a r b o n d i o x i d e , s e v e r a l o p t i o n s are a v a i l a b l e . One o p t i o n i s t o i n c r e a s e t h e s i z e o f t h e a b s o r b e r ; t h i s i s n o t recommendable because o f Che a v a i l a b l e space i n a submarine and the i n c r e a s e i n h u l l p e n e t r a t i o n s f o r t h e w a t e r i n - a n d o u t l e t . A b e t t e r o p t i o n i s to increase t h e a b s o r p t i o n r a t e o f c a r b o n -dioxide by r a i s i n g i t s p a r t i a l pressure. To r a i s e t h e p a r t i a l p r e s s u r e the t o t a l p r e s s u r e i n the absorber has t o be r a i s e d . A g a i n t h e r e a r e s e v e r a l p o s s i b i l i t i e s , one i s the use o f an exhaust gas compressor j u s t b e r o r e t h e absorber. A p a r t o f the t o t a l exhaust gas f l o w i s r a i s e d i n p r e s s u r e and f e d t o the absorber. The r e m a i n i n g p a r t bypasses t h e absorber a t low p r e s s u r e . A disadvantage o f t h i s o p t i o n i s the v o l u m e t r i c r e q u i r e m e n t o f a compressor and i n e v i t a b l y a h e a t exchanger f o r c o o l i n g t h e exhaust gas b e f o r e e n t e r i n g t h e compressor and a b s o r b e r A second p o s s i b i l i t y i s p r e s s u r i z i n g the t o t a l r e c y c l e gas system t o t h e r e q u i r e d h i g h e r p r e s s u r e . The consequence i s t h a t t h e d i e s e l engine has to o p e r a t e w i t h a h i g h charge pressure. An o f f t h e s h e l f t u r b o c h a r g e d engine can be m o d i f i e d i n such a way t h a t h i g h charge p r e s s u r e s a r e permitted. A l l p r e v i o u s improvements have been focused on t h e h i g h power s y s t e m . They a r e c a r r i e d o u t w i t h the requirement i n mind t h a t t h e absorber," water management system, s u p p l y systems, c o n t r o l and m o n i t o r i n g system,' e t c . s h o u l d be s u i t a b l e f o r t h i s purpose. The a b s o r b e r can w i t h s t a n d h i g h e r gas p r e s s u r e s (up t o 5 bar a b s o l u t e ) . Computer s i m u l a t i o n s v i t h the h i g h pressure d i e s e l engine To e s t a b l i s h t h e f e a s i b i l i t y o f running a d i e s e l engine under h i g h charge p r e s s u r e s w i t h c l o s e d cycle gas, a c o m b u s t i o n s i m u l a t i o n p r o g r a m - 15 ' U92 - S t o c k h o l m , November 2-5, 1992 Besieinr 602601 .234 Ref.nr RDM 004

I I

© TECHNOLOGY

Towards h i g h power Atmosphere Independent P r o p u l s i o n (AIP) system Design and T a s t i n g

has been w r i t t e n . From e a r l i e r p u b l i s h e d papers c o n c e r n i n g c l o s e d c y c l e d i e s e l engines [ 2 ] , [7] i c f o l l o w s chat measures have t o be t a k e n Co ensure combustion takes p l a c e . The h i g h amount o f carbon d i o x i d e i n t h e i n l e t gas has a remarkable n e g a t i v e i n f l u e n c e on the c o m b u s t i b i l i t y . To overcome t h i s problem t h e temperature o f t h e i n l e t gas has t o be r a i s e d to 120 degrees C e l s i u s o r even h i g h e r . R a i s i n g the oxygen c o n c e n t r a t i o n also helps i n ensuring c o m b u s t i b i l i t y . The s i m u l a t i o n program has. f e a t u r e s t o account f o r t h e h i g h e r c a r b o n d i o x i d e c o n t e n t and t h e o t h e r c o n s t i t u e n t s ( m a i n l y oxygen, n i t r o g e n , a r g o n and w a t e r vapour) . I t can p r e d i c t whether or n o t combustion w i l l t a k e p l a c e w i t h the s p e c i a l m i x t u r e s . The i g n i t i o n d e l a y and t h e maximum p r e s s u r e i n t h e c y l i n d e r a r e c a l c u l a t e d and i n f o r m a t i o n a b o u t t h e l o a d i n g on Che engine can be gained. To v e r i f y t h e r e l i a b i l i t y o f t h e program, c y l i n d e r p r e s s u r e measurements have been t a k e n from t h e 150 kU d i e s e l engine and compared w i t h c a l c u l a t e d p r e s s u r e curves ( f i g u r e 1 2 ) . I t can be concluded t h a t t h e p r o g r a m p r e d i c t s t h e pressure curve w i t h s u f f i c i e n t accuracy t o be v e r y u s e f u l i n p r e d i c t i n g t h e load on the 400 kW engine.

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16 U92 - S t o c k h o l m , November 2-5, 1992

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TECHNOLOGY

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Towards high power Atmosphere Independent Propulsion (AIP) system I Design and Testing

Conclusion

' •

An operable and reliable Air Independent Propulsion system for submarines has been developed. Investigation of special features will lead to increased performance, also at higher power levels necessary for ocean going hybrid submarines.

- 17 U92


1992

Ref nr ROM 004

•h 'l

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TECHNOLOGY


References

[1]

"Atmosphere Independent Propulsion for Ocean-going submarines"; CA. Prins, D. Stapersma; U90 conference Stockholm, May 1990.

[2]

" A b g a s - S a u e r s t o f f - B e t r i e b im D i e s e l m o t o r " Dr.-Ing. H.W. Fuchs; Motor technische Zeitschift,

[3]

[4]

[5]

" I n search o f air-independence"; CA. Prins, A.A. Ham; Maritime Defence,

March

Februar

195^.

1988.

"Experimental research i n closed cycle d i e s e l technology"; A. Fowler, IMechE Intemational Conference on Combustion Engines, 19907 ! "Closed Recycling Powers Underwater Diesel Engine"; H. Fox, Sea Technology, april 1990.

in

f

[6]

"The C a r l t o n c l o s e d c y c l e Argo d i e s e l engine"; A. Fowler and A. Boyes, Transactions of The Institution and Turbine Engineers, february 1991.

of

Diesel

[7]

"Investigations on Recycle and Closed-Cycle Diesel Engines" T. Asada and M. Nagai, SAE paper a0096à.

[8]

"Noise r e d u c t i o n o f High Speed D i r e c t I n j e c t i o n D i e s e l Engine" T. Matsuraura, H. Amakasu, K. Kanda, T. Nakamura and M. Tateishi, CIMAC 1989.

[9]

" I n t r o d u c t i o n Co real-cime sysCem s o f t w a r e " S. Dasgupta, Real Time Microcomputer Control cesses, Kluwer Academic Pub Ushers .

I [10]

of

Industrial

Pro-

• •

"Oxygen enrichment - a method f o r reduced e n v i r o n m e n t a l impact a n d improved economics" H.C Watson and G.R. Rigby, InsciCuCion of Mechanical Engineers, London 1990

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U92 - S t o c k h o l m , November 2 - 5 ,

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- 21 U92 - S t o c k h o l m ,

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'Jr I

AMBASSADE VAN HET KONINKRIJK DER NEDERLANDEN ROYAL NETHERLANDS EMBASSY c

No. 57356

Jakarta, 25 november 1992

Onderwerp: Onderzeeboten voor Indonesië

'J I / Hierbij doe i k U toekomen een kopie van een op verzoek van ^ ^ B M / g e - / schreven brief aan Minister Habibie, betreffende een aanbod tot l e V e m ^ a n j onderzeeboten aan Indonesië. Mogelijk kan dit onderwerp ter sprake worden gebracht tijdens Uw ko' mendbezoek alhigr. wanneer U Minister Habibie ontmoet, ~ De RDM is i n een zeer laat stadium door Minister Habibie verzocht alsnog een dergelijk aanbod te doen. De ooiâak is waarschijnlijk gelegen i n problemen met de financieringsmogelijkheden Ln Duitsland voor dit projekt. Het verzoek aan de R D M kan bedoeld zijn om alsnog een andere kandidaat serieus i n beschouwing te nemen, maar zou ook kunnen dienen om Duitsland alsnog onder druk te zetten In februari a.s. is een bezoek van Bondskanselier Kohl hier voorzien en is het de verwachting dat ook h i j dit onderwerp aan de orde zal stellen i

Ambassadeur

Staatssecretaris Mw, Y,M,C.T,_van_Rooij Ministerie van Economische Zaken Bezuidenhoutseweg 30 Postbus 20101 2500 EC Den Haag

3

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AMBASSADE VAN HET KONINKRIJK DER NEDERLANDEN

<•) ROYAL NETHERLANDS EMBASSY

No. 57357

i^
.

.•

;

•

/l cT:^ r L

^, Jakarta, 25 november 1992

Recently I was informed about a oroDosal frnm +>,o "Tï^f^ ~ j T> d„lo„.at«J,appü (HDM)-, ^ r . . r ^ ^ Z ^ ^ t ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ " ^ ! ; ^ j the procurement of submarines. iôonmanjsjavj^n J

"û^^^ therefore, like to take this occasion to draw your attention to t h .

S ^ ^ ^ t " ^ ^ " ^ ^ ^ ^ ' ^ is^^ctiomng as a n ^ ^ 1 " ' : ^ ^ ^ : ny wiuun tne iAitch Begeman Groep Since Inno- fKo T>T\\Ä • the „avai W u t , , ù, The N e t h e r l a ^ t T î a i Z l ^ " S i T ^ r " ^ t u « .0 the Reyal Netherland. N a v , ' . i „ . e r „ a ^ „ a i i p u S r " , ^ ^ ^ ;

our two countries, based on mutual benefit.

cooperation between

Against this background I express the hope that fruitful ties between t h . Indonesian Navy and RDM will become reality ui ues Detween the Thanking you in advance for your kind attention to this matter I remain. Yours faithfully.

Ambassador of The Netheriands

Minister Prof Dr. Ing. B/X Habibie Gedung BP? Teknologi Ltin Jl. M . H . Thamrin No. 8 Jakarta Pusat

to

Nota K>

Ministerie van Economische Zaken

Autatjr/

Toestelnummer

Notanummer

Uiterlijk bi| g e a d r e s s e e r d *

ID/FZI/T 94017718

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de S t a a t s s e c r e t a r i s

Archief

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Medeparaaf en datum

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Onderwerp

Samenvatting en c o n d u s i e s

H i e r b i j g e l i e v e u aan t e t r e f f e n een verkennende n o t i t i e voor de M i n i s t e r - P r e s i d e n t met b e t r e k k i n g t o t de aan de R D M / I n d o n e s i ë - o p t i e verbonden m o g e l i j k e f i n a n c i ë l e consequenties voor de S t a a t .

Ontvangen

Verzonden

hl te vullen door S&creXariBot

Terugon t vangen

General

Paraaf en datum

Ondeizeeboten van de "Walrus-Masse". Onderzeeboten zijn een onmisbare schakel in de huidige maritieme strategie. Ze t)epalen mede de gevechtsl
RDM urn. TECHNOLOGY

RDM (Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij) vormt al geruime tijd het decor van bouwactiviteiten. De werf bouwt in totaal vier nieuwe onderzeetx)ten voor de Koninklijke marine. Het project nam in 1978 een aanvang en zal aan het t)egin van de jaren negentig zijn afgerond. De groep onderzeeboten draagt de naam "Walrusklasse". Deze nieuwe generatie zal geleidelijk de drie-cylinderboten van de "Dolfijn-" en "Potvis"klasse vervangen. Het unieke drie-cylinderontwerp uit de jaren vijftig, dat lang het gezicht van de Onderzeedienst heeft bepaald, behoort dan definitief tot het verleden.

Het operalielerrein van üe undeizeebuieii van du Koninklijke marine bevindt zich voornamelijk in het oostelijk deel van de Atlantische Oceaan, de Noordzee en de Noorse Zee. De taken richten zich op de bestrijding van oppervlakteschepen en onderzeeboten, het uiWoeren van surveillances, verkenningen, speciale operaties en het leggen van mijnen. De modern uitgeruste onderzeeboot van de "Walrus-klasse" zal een belangrijke bijdrage leveren aan deze nationaal en internationaal geformuleerde taakstellingen.

K:>

Het scheepsontwerp is in eigen beheer, met inbreng van de Nederlandse industrie, bij de Directie Materieel KM tot stand gekomen, In een vroeg stadium werden niet alleen RDM, als aangewezen bouwwerf, maar ook de Nederlandse Verenigde Scheepsbouw Bureaus (NEVESBU) en het Verenigd Bureau voor Scheepsinstallaties (VEREBUS), als ontwerpbureaus, betrokken. Bij het ontwerp van de "Walrus-klasse" heett de vormgeving van de "Zwaardvis-klasse" model gestaan. In verband met een toename van de duikdiepte, een vermindering van het aantal bemanningsleden, introductie van het X-roersysteem en nieuwe schok- en geluidseisen, is het oorspronkelijke ontwerp op belangrijke onderdelen aangepast.

De "Walrus-klasse" bestaat uit de volgende onderzeeboten:

Zeeleeuw

Walrus Zeeleeuw Dolfijn Bruinvis

Kiellegging

Proefvaart

1979 1981 1986 1988

1990 1988 1991 1992

Met name de installatie van een geïntegreerd sensor-, wapen- en communicatiesysteem (SEV\ 1) maakt de "Walrus-klasse" bijzonder. Het jepaste systeem is voor een conventioneel voortgestuwde onderzeeboot uniek en staat op hoog niveau.

Voor de uitwerking van het ontwerp, met name in ruimtetechnische zin, is gebruik gemaakt van een door het Instituut voor Zintuigfysiologie (TNO) ontworpen prototype. Dit type bestaat uit een houten mock-up met een schaal van 1 : 1, Het model van de "Walrus-klasse" is zodanig uitgewerkt dat met de huidige stand van de techniek in operationele zin optimaal kan worden voldaan aan de gestelde eisen. Tevens is ten aanzien van het kostenaspect in de instandhoudingsfase een hogere effectiviteit gewaarborgd. Het huidige ontwerp, met toepassing van hoogwaardige produktietechnologieën, maakt de "Walms-klasse" onderzeeboot tot één van de meest geavanceerde onderzeetxjten met conventionele voortstuwing.

Dolfijn

1

I

Platform-automatisering

Innovaties

De onderzeeboot van de "Walrus-klasse" kenmerkt zich door een ver doorgevoerde platformautomatisering. De automatisering omvat de besturing van de boot, de bediening van de voortstuwing en het ondenwaterbedrijf. Zowel de bediening als de bewaking van het volledige platform vindt plaats in de centrale. De machinekamer kan hierdoor onbemand blijven. Tevens wordt door deze opzet een personele besparing gerealiseerd. De modeme bedrijfsvoering in de centrale ten aanzien van het volledige platform wordt mogelijk gemaakt door middel van een geïntegreerd systeem van computers, beeldschermen en bijbehorende panelen met signalering ten behoeve van relevante procesgegevens.

Sewaco - geïntegreerd informatie- en presentatiesysteem (GIPSY) ten behoeve van het sensor-, wapen- en communicatiesysteem (SEWACO). - gesleepte passieve lange afstandssonar (LRS). - traagheidsnavigatiesysteem. - lanceersysteem voor torpedo's en Harpoon

; '

Platform - X-roersysteem met 4 onafhankelijk te bewegen roeren. - ontwerp en toepassing van staal met een hoge rekgrens. - hoge graad van automatisering. - hoge schokeisen. - eisen ten behoeve van geruisveiligheid. - koppeling voor Deep Submerged Rescue Vehicle (DSRV).

BefflamiiigsBist Offi- Schepecieren lingen Operationele Dienst Wapentechnische Dienst Technische Dienst Logistieke Dienst Totaal

heeft in de afgelopen zestig jaar in nauwe 'nwerking met de Koninklijke marine veel iri ogedaan in het ontwikkelen en bouinoderne conventioneel voortgestuwde ei-elektrisch) onderzeeboten. Bovendien is iWoeren van meerjarig onderhoud aan deze 1 tijdens de instandhoudingsfase een regel3 terugkerende activiteit, t het verrichten van eigen research en het smenteren van hoogwaardige technologisystemen heeft RDM uitstekende relaties ibouwd met onderzoekscentra, bedrijven en fe organisaties in de defensie-industrie, ioor kan RDM met gebruikmaking van de te ontwikkelingen in techniek en produktieloden, de klant een totaal-systeem aanbieOm kwaliteit tijdens de produktie te borgen houdt RDM zich aan het NATOiteitszorgsysteem (AOAP-I), tastbare resultaat hiervan wordt thans geld door de in aanbouw zijnde onderzeebo/an de "Walrus-klasse". Het produkt levert leeld op van een in hoge mate schoktêstenboot die, dankzij een speciaal drukhuidont) en toepassing van staal met een hoge rens, in staat is tot op grote diepte te eren.

5 1 1 O

13 9 17 4 43

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Voornaamste gegevesis Gipsy trainer Om de geavanceerde Sewaco-apparatuur aan boord van onderzeeboten optimaal te kunnen benutten, worden operators geoefend in de tactische aspecten van het systeem in een daan/oor speciaal ontworpen en op de wal geplaatste trainer. Onderwatercentrale Trainer

.

• •

De operators van het Centraal Bedienings Paneel en de stuurautomaat worden, zowel individueel als in teamverband, geoefend in het bedienen van platformsystemen, de besturing en de uitvoering van (nood)procedures. Om het personeel optimaal te laten oefenen wordt een trainer gebouwd. Deze trainer zal bestaan uit een cabine r et Centraal Bedienings Paneel (CBR) weer^ jft. De cabine is ondergebracht op een platform met diverse bewegingsvrijheden teneinde het gedrag van de onderzeeboot zo goed mogelijk te kunnen simuleren.

67.7 meter 8.4 meter 7.0 meter 2465 ton 2800 ton diesel elektnsch ± 12 knopen ± 12 knopen ± 20 knopen 50 4 torpedobuizen ca, 10.000 zeemijlen

Lengte Breedte Diepgang Waterverplaatsing aan oppervlakte Waten/erplaatsing onder water Voortstuwing Snelheid per uur aan oppervlakte Snelheid per uur snuiverend Snelheid per uur onder water Bemanning Bewapening Actieradius Trimsimulator

:

Om de moderne platformsystemen doelmatig te kunnen onderhouden, wordt onderhoudspersoneel met behulp van een simulator geoefend in reparatie en onderhoud van boordsystemen. Deze simulator is een schaalmodel met boordcomponenten waarin onder andere de triminstallatie is opgenomen en heet daarom trimsimulator.

Colofon oplage ; 3500 exemplaren uitgave : Ministerie van Defensie, Marinevoorlichting, Projectgroep Onderzeeboten, RDM. productie; Auidio-visuele dienst KM druk : januari 1989

radarmast

regel- en besturlngs-(compu1er)systemen van de voortstuwings en elektrische Installaties

ieriscopen

sonar

roeren In X-opstelling

boegbuiskamer met torpedo's bun voor periscopen commando centrale met gecentraliseerd voortstuwings- en besturingssysteem en geïntegreerd wapen- en commandosysteem

20

The Royal Netherlands Navy has opted fordiesel-electric submarines rather than nuclear-powered boats. Not only because ttie construction and operating costs of the former are considerably lower, but because diesel-electric submarines are extremely well suited to

he stor/ ot ttie Royal Netfierlands Navy takes on a special depth in the rollowing pages, in the literial sense of ttie word. For now we are about to be introduced lo trie Submarine Service. The sea-going equipment operated by this sen/ice, to which some 600 men are assigned, consists of six submarines and an auxiliary ship.

How a submarine submerges. On tfie outer skin of a submarine, we find the main ballast tanks. Tanks that are open on the underside and, when the submanne is on the surface, filled with air. When the order comes to dive. the. valves at the top of these tanks are opened. The air is expelled and tfie tanks fill with water. The sutimarine slips below 'the surface of the water. The depth of travel is regulated by means of small, subsidiary ballast tanks in ttie boat which are elttier filled with seawater or pumped dry. Pumping is also required whenever the boats stabilization is disturbed, due to a shift of weight within it, no matter how

their tasks owing to their minimal noise level. Den Helder acts as home base for the Submarine Service; but the submarines also operate out of British ports, mainly Faslane in Scotland. The principal advantage of this AngloDutch co-operation is self-evident experience and know-how are readily exchanged. platform control panel

Zwaardvis Class. The "droplet shape" ol these submarines is based on the design ol the U.S. nuclear-powered submarines. This special shape makes the submarines when submerged more manoeuvrable and capable of attaining higher speeds.

speed - surfaced - submerged complement armament

Walrus Class length beam draught displacement - surfaced - submerged main engines

approx, 13 knots approx. 20 knots 49 4 torpedo tubes

1900 tons 2450 tons diesel-electric (4,200 SHP)

67 metres S.5 metres 7 metres

Zwaardvis C l a s s , length 56 metres beam : 8.4 metres draught : 7 metres displacement - surfaced 2350 tons - submerged : 2640 tons main engines; diesel-electric (4,200 SHP) speed - surfaced approx. 13 knots - s u b m e r g e d ; approx. 20 knots complement-; 67 armament 6 torpedo tubes

Technical data

platform control panel, steering control, integrated data- and weapon handling system

Walrus Class. Two submarines of this new class are under construaion by RDM in Rotterdam. The two boats, the "Walrus" and "Zeeleeuw", are expected lo enter setvice in the latter half of the 1980s. They will replace the eldest threecylinder submarines (the "Dolfijn" and Cross-sechon ol a OoW/n class submarine the "Zeehond"). From the outside, the boats will look The twin role of the auxiliary ship. very much like the Zwaardvis Class, but inside they will carry the most Torpedoes have to be tested. Which is up-to-date electronics and the most why submarines travel to the deep advanged weapon systems. waters of Scotland and Norway at regular Owing to the high degree oi automation intervals. They are accompanied by the of these boats, the crew will amount auxiliary ship HNLtviS Meicuur. to no more than 50 men. The crew of this ship retneves the launched torpedo from the water and prepares it for the next firing. The auxiliary ship is also employed as a live target lor submarines. A comforting word: they aim below and notât the ship.

This is called "tnmming". As regards the steering gear, the submarine is not only equipped witi, a vertical rudder but also diving rudders horizontally placed fore and aft. In this manner, the boat may be brought to and maintained at the required depth and horizontal position. When surfacing, air is pumped in and water pumped out ol the ballast tanks under high pressure.

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The "snort" system allows longer submersions. The submarines drive shaft, while submerged is powered by the main 3lectro-motor. The energy for this is supplied by batteries. Normally, when '.he batteries are run down.the submarine has to surface to recharge them; the oiesel engines driving the energy supply generator require a great quantity of i\r. Now, thanks to a Dutnh invention, one no longer has to surface for air The submarines are equipped with a oreathing device, not unlike a snorkel. The submarine can raise the breather when cruising just below the water surface. This allows air to be sucked in, feeding the diesels so that they can be operated undenrvater. The breather also plays an important role in replenishing fresh air aboard the submarine. The breather is capped by a valve that closes automatically when il comes in contact with water.

• n peacetime, suomarines are aepioyeo nainly in a reconnaissance role. The Nato countries operate their submannes - in conjunction with surface .ships and aircraft - to keep a watchlul eye on the North Atlantic, the North Sea and their approach channels. They keep Warsaw Pact ships under 5un/eillance in order to gather information and detect aggressive intentions in good time. During training exercises, allied submannes are often deployed as "enemy" boats.They then serve as so-called targets for their own navy's ships and aircraft, in wartime, the principal role of the submannes is to detect and attack enemy submarines and surface ships.

THE MORAY >4 INTEGRATION

THE MORAY INTEGRATION - MORAY CLASSES. Unity in diversity: witfiin thie unity of one design concept tfie Moray class encompasses a range in performance cfiaracteristics to comply with a variety of mission requirements. This is exemplified by three baseline designs: the Moray - 1800, the M o r a y - 1 4 0 0 and the Moray -1100 covering forward operating •

MAIN CHARM tSOO f.fM Dimensions (rn) length • . V : ' . hull diam. Displacement (tons) standard submerged , : THÉ MORAY INTEGRATION ,11111. hiiiii 'A-.!«'!!!-.•• ill. Illllil.

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1 '1; THE MORAY INTEGRATION - SURVIVABILITY. To achieve the maximum survival capability the Moray features a lovv. noise signature, • deep diving depth, low indiscretion rate through • high battery charging power, high t o p speed, excellent manoeuvrability arid redundancy of vital equiprnent.. V., -, : .

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THE MORAY INTEGRATION - HUMAN INTEKFACt:. . Centralized remote .platform i-i 11 MM; to minimize crew size and IM i M ' ' Dedicated areas for optimal WMIMMIi, Ü'M'H; I conditions. .. THE MORAY INTEGRATION - EXPERIENCE. Proven technology and maiiiiMiii h i ! service with the RNIN (Zwaai iivT the Moray in combination with IIMU arrangement, control and iiioiiitMni technology, , M. ..

•MORAY INTEGRATION - ILS. I'^gh - life support for the Moray class offers èated training in operation and maintenance,. )ly support, test and training facilities, based '^tensjve supportive documentation.

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THE MORAY INTEGRATION - ATMOSPHERE INDEPENDENT PROPULSION (AIP). The Moray 1800 pfH/H is the first design - under contract to the RNIN - to provide full hybrid propulsion (based on RDM developed Closed Cycle Diesel System) as well as a conventional system with all the provisions for the later integration of an AIP system (pfH).

RDH TECHNOLOGY

de Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij b.v. 21 Heijplaatstraat, P.O. Box 913, \ 3000 AX Rotterdam, The Netherlands ' Phone (+31 10) 487 2667 - Telefax (+31 10) 487 2301 Telex 20753 rdm nl.

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RDM means business - a worldwide business in the civil and defence markets that is based on its resources,

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development and manufacturing know-how. Almost a century of successful trading - that began in the maritime field in 1902 - has generated resources from which human skills in engineenng and project :'«s>!^

management have been developed. These, together with the use of state-of-the-art equipment are combined to offer a sen/ice in the production of capital goods that ranges from a single item of equipment to the most sophisticated of turnkey projects.

RDM is renowned, woHdwide, as a reliable supplier of custom-built projects and services in such fields as: marine and off-shore power generation petrochemical, and chemical, processing mechanical engineering.

Top left: high-vacuum column for Ihe Shell refinery al Pemis. Top right: 'SALM' buoy for the North Sea Fulmar Field. Centre: M114/39 Field Howitzer Centre right: 'Walrus'class submarines for the Royal Netherlands Navy. Bottom left: steam turbine installations for a power plant Bottom right: 'Isostripper'column for the South Humberside refinery. Above: Ihe Ariane roci<et, comprising components machined by RDI\JI

And RDM conforms to the international standards ISO 9001 and AQAP-1, which is an independent assurance that RDM is committed to Total Quality Management in all that it does. In its simplest terms, it means a project management and sepv'ice organisation that can tackle the most complex of jobs and complete . the whole operation - delivenng the project ready for use - successfully and economically, in time, every time.

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Marine and off-shore RDM has been a major supplier to maritime and off-shore industries for decades. Contracts for design and constmction of various types of jack-up platforms, semi-submersibles, crane barges and loading terminals have been executed successfully. In addition, RDM can manufacture smaller units such as specialised compressor modules, riser columns and the essential components of drilling and oilproduction equipment - as well as building simulators such as Damage Repair Instruction Units (DRIU) for maritime instruction purposes, RDM is the designated builder of submarines for the Royal Netheriands Navy, and has many years' experience in submarine design and construction. The 'Walrus' class of submannes is already in service and a new class - the 'Moray' - currently being developed is now in its definifion phase. The modular design of the 'Moray' class makes it specially adaptable to the export market A speciality of RDM IS the repair of and modifications to submarines of various types.

Power generation RDM has an established position in the energy sector through its involvement in the construction of major components for conventional and nuclear power plants. The rapid grovyth of the demand for power plants using both steam and gas - and the new Top left: 'Zeeleeuw' submarine on sea-trials Top centre: submarine control room. Top right 'Ostrea'heavy-lift barge. Centre: Steam turbine housings. Bottom lelt: vessel lor nuclear power plantBottom centre: rigid arm lor 'SAM system. Bottom right and above: 'Maersk Endeavour'jack-up drilling platform.

technology of coal gasification - create exciting new market opportunities. From the outset RDM has been involved in steam turbine manufacture and installation and the company is well-placed for both their constmction and maintenance. Another growing market is in environmental technology. RDM has the ability and technological means to handle projects such as the development and construction of waste incineration plants,

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Petrochemicat md chemicol, processing Its in-house innovations and developments of fabrication and welding technology make RDM one of the leading pressure-vessel manufacturers in the worid. Specialising in the fabrication of an upmarket range of heavy-wall, large diameter vessels in alloyed or cladded steel, RDM has successfully built a wide variety of standard and fully-dressed pressure vessels for the petrochemical, and the chemical, industnes for on-shore and off-shore use.

Mechanicai engineering RDM's engineenng capability includes the design, development manufacture and supply of advanced products in the defence and civil sectors.

In the defence sector, ordnance has been RDM's speciality for years. Current production programmes include manufactunng, modification and mid-life overhaul programmes for towed and self-propelled howitzers, anti-aircraft guns and main battle tanks among others. A novel helicopter landing system permitting helicopter operations on board ships in adverse sea conditions has found woridwide acceptance.

In the civil sector, RDM is in the forefront of the technological advances in CAD/CAM techniques. Using such techniques - in combination with a unique selection of CNC machines, welding processes and assembly facilities - means that RDM can handle any ''op lelt: slugcalchers on transport 0/3 right: overhaul ofAMX light dnks. ':entre left and bottom left: lydraulic cylinders for the Eastern Scheldt Storm Surge Barrier Centre: helicopter landing grid. Centre right: assembly ol the mCHA 2'vessel. Mom right: CNC machining.

project effidently, even those that may be considered non-routine.

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Diversification is the key to success and RDM is proud of the way in which it has kept in step with changing mari<ets and ever-increasing customer demands. From its historical position as a manufacturer of quality products, RDM has grown into an innovative company with extensive experience in problem solving, design, development, construction and support of complex projects,

• Research and development RDM's naval involvement means a long-standing interest in diesel engine powered propulsion. Two sophisticated engine systems - an AIP (Atmosphere Independent Propulsion) diesel engine and a freepiston engine - are exciting examples of RDM's capabilities in research and development AIP is being further developed to enable the use of an internal combustion engine under water Applications in civil and defence systems are being considered, A test system has been operating successfully and full-scale implementation is in progress. As a complete contrast, RDM, in co-operation with agricultural experts, has developed a novel whole crop harvester the Agridobber - for harvesting forage and industrial crops. This system can easily be converted into, for instance, a slurry spreader with injector or a self-propelled seed-drill combination.

• Project management From the examples of RDM's activities listed in this brochure it may p left and centre: quality

ntrol. p right: design. 'ntre right: project management, •ntre left: tree piston engine, •ttom left: Agri-Jobber field test. •Horn right: Atmosphere iependent Propulsion (AIP) ;se/ engine test rig. ove: design lor 'Moray'class bmarlne control room.

be clear that only a well-organised project management group can handle diverse, multi-million dollar, complex and time-critical projects, with highly motivated people using comprehensive infomnation systems.

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Whether it be a licence agreement with a multi-national company .•• for the production and installation of turbines for larê power plants, or a joint venture with other companies, RDM has an excellent record of business co-operation. It has resulted in RDM and its partners gaining many large civil and military contracts. It shows that RDM has the capability to manage non-routine projects with a flexibility that allows co-operafion with different organisations and an appreciation of their methods. |

• Facilities RDM's location - on Europe's main inland watenA/ay in the port of Rotterdam - offers unparalleled possibilities for transport. With free access to the ocean, pnncipal motorways, European railway network and airports. The facilities include various machining, welding and construction workshops, capable of accommodating large and heavy equipment The availability of a ship lift, heavy lift cranes and multi-wheeled heavy-duty low loaders ensures efficient intemal transport.

• RDM - your specifications, our expertise RDM means Business - translating your specifications into quality products using our technology, expenence, CAD/CAM design systems, manufacturing know-how, project management and production control, op left and bottom centre: srticai boring and milling lachines. op right welding and instruction workshop, entre left: measuring bench, entre: welding robot entre right: shiplift. ottom left: cleanroom. otiom right: CNC machining entres. bove: RDM's lacilities.

RDM - an ever improving company - is committed to Total Quality Management and has the ISO 9001 and AQAP-1 standards to prove it But thats not all; as an inherent part of our policy we offer you technical assistance, maintenance support and a comprehensive after-sales sen/ice.

RDM - UNITY IN DIVEMIH^

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SPECTRE : The Development of Air Independent Propulsion for Naval Submarines at RDM Technology. The SPECTRE system (Submarine Power for Extended Contact Trailing and Range Enhancement) consists of the followinq componentsan off the shelf diesel engine of which the exhaust gases are spray cooled and fed to a gas absorber. This is a compact, rotetinq device ' developed by the British company Carlton Deep Sea Systems (CDSS). The absorber contains seawater which is continuously refreshed' Seawater and gas are mixed m a rotating mass transfer element. Part of the exhaust gas, mainly consisting of carbon dioxide dissolves In the seawater while another part leaves the absorber. The remaining gas is enriched with oxygen and argon (thus forming a kind of artificial air), and fed to the air inlet of the diesel engine. In terms of thermodynamics the mixture of oxygen, argon, nitrogen and cârbon dioxide h a t the same properties as ambient air (or even better), thus maintaining a high efficiency of the diesel engine. The oxygen required for the undenwater combustion process of the diesel engines is stored in the submarine itself. The more oxyqen the submarine can carry, the longer it can stay submerged. The cryogenic method is the most suitable and compact way of storaqe Oxvcen gas, when cooled down to a temperature of minus 183 degree Celsius, changes into a light blue liquid and can be stored in a tank with good thermal insulation and shockproof mounting. The pressure tightness of the tank is such that oxygen can always be vented aaainst depth pressure. Prior to being used the liquid oxygen (LOX) has to be vaporized. The evaporation heat can be extracted from the coolina circuit of the diesel engine. v^v^-m ly The seawater in the absorber has to be continuously refreshed. This means that used (with high carbon dioxide content) seawater with a low pressure coming from the absorber has to be exchanged for fresh (with low carbon dioxide content) seawater surrounding the submanne and therefore with a high (depth) pressure. For this 'water exchange' RDM has chosen for the 'Water Management System' as developed by CDSS. This equipment consists of two water containers and one valve block and is able to exchange water reqardless the ressure of the water and using an almost negligible amount of energy. .RDM's R&D department has carried out experiments on this system during the last few years. In 1987 a demonstration test rig (150 kWe) was built in a 40 ft. container. This test rig consisted of a diesel-generator (DG) set, of which the exhaust qases were divided over two absorbers, each with its own Water Management System. The next target was to improve the system on a number of Important issues. For example, in 1989 the noise and vibration generation of the Water Management System was reduced to an acceptable level. Computer simulations and experiments on a separate test riq with one single Water Management System have been carried out to achieve this noise réduction. The resulting knowledge was a p p l i ^ to the tour Water Management Systems in the test rig. The noise and vibration generation of the improved test riq was measured and reoorted by TNO, an independent Dutch research institute. ^ Theoretical research was done on the possibilities of making a shock resistant LOX tank and increasing the reliability for use on board a submanne. This study was carried out in cooperation with a manufacturer of (land-based) LOX tanks. In 1991 the test riq was further improved by replacing the two (small) absorbers by one large absorber. This absorber enables operation at higher pressures (up to 5 bar absolute), with the advantage of dissolving more gas in the same quantity of water The three phase Water Management System as developed in earlier projects Is introduced. It is a kind of parallel configuration of three Water Manaqement Systems, resulting in an even steadier water flow to and from the absorber and outboard, A new real time control and monitoring computer has bos,-! installed. The dedicated computer software not only performs process control and monitoring but also displays many parameters in a conveniently arranged process diagram on the screen. All scanned data can be stored on disk for various purposes. With this process computer, which enables a user-friendly one man operation, emphasis is put on safety: at all thinkable (but hiqhiv unexpected) calamities, the computer immediately generates a fast and safe stopping procedure of the entire Closed Cvcle Diesel orocess. ' 'n 1992 the 150 kWe DG set has been replaced by a larger one (300 kWe), which produce, at full power, approx two times as much .arbon dioxide as the 150 kWe DG. The same water flow has been used by increasing the gas pressures in the enqine's inlet and exhau' system and in the absorber.

RDM SPECTRE SYSTEM ® 300 KW NET ELECTRICAL POWER (AC or DC) «

RADIATED EQUIPMENT NOISE COMPATIBLE WITH ULTRA QUIET STATE OF THE SUBMARINE

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HIGH FUEL AND OXYGEN EFFICIENCY DUE TO A SELECTIVE COMBUSTION PRODUCTS R E M O W . SYSTEM

® UNLIMITED AMOUNT OF SOLVENT ; SEAWATER «

DEPTH INDEPENDENT OPERATION

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AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM (REAL TIME), USER FRIENDLY, OPEN ARCHITECTURE

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LIQUID OXYGEN STORAQE IS THE ONLY LIMrTlNQ FACTOR IN SUBMERGED ENDURANCE

RDM, P.O. Box 913, 3000 AX Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Phone (+31 10) 487 2638. Telefax (+31 10) 487 2301, Telex 20753 rdm nl.

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BEGEMANN

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KONINKLIJKE BEGEMANN GROEP N.V. TAKKEBIJSTERS 3 / 4817 BL BREDA POSTBUS 2189 / 4800 CD BREDA NEDERLAND TEL: 076-717 00Ô FAX: 076 - 710 Bil

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BERICHT VAN

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BEDRIJF

Ministene^'vaitEconomische Zaken

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STRIKT VERTROïrWKFJJ^

ONZE REFERENTIE AANTAL PAGINA'Ü

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Indien u niet aUe pagina 's heeft onivangen of indien d^zs niet duideliß ^jn^ geli&ve U belten: 076 - 717000 Oeachte heer ' Gelieve bijgaand aan te treffen een overzicht van de RDM, inzake lopende garanties via Begemano en lopende garanties via AIG-Europe. Met vriendelijke groet, KONINKLIJKE BEGEMANN GMOEP N.V.

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lD ' WoBart. e en financiële belangen van de Staat en persoonlijke 10.2.a b. 11-1

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