137
LAMPIRAN
138
Lampiran 1. Nelder Fan design percobaan I dan II
139
Lampiran 2. Denah rancangan percobaan I dan II Percobaan Pertama (W1) w1n1
Ukuran plot 9 m x 18 m. Total plot = 1296 m2. 9m
w1n3 81 m2
Pemberian Nitrogen (N)
1m w1n3
w1n2
w1n0
1.5 m
18 m
Pemberian Nitrogen (N)
w2n0
w2n2
w2n3
w2n1
9m
9m
9m
1.5 m
15 m
15 m
15 m
15 m
w1n1
Keterangan: N0 = Tanpa pemupukan N 10 g N/phn = 20 g N1 = Urea/phn
N2 =
20 g N/ha = 40 g Urea/phn
N3 =
30 g N/ha = 60 g Urea/phn
w1n2
w1n0 Percobaan Kedua (W2) w2n0 225 m2
w2n2
Pupuk diberikan pada umur saat tanam dan 90 HST, masing-masing 1/2 dosis. TSP= 100 kg SP-36/ha diberikan saat tanam.
w2n1
KCl= 100 kg KCl/ha diberikan pada saat HST
w2n3
Ukuran plot 15 m x 30 m. Total plot = 3600 m2.
Keterangan : w1n1; percobaan 1 dengan pemupukan n1 = 10 g N/phn, dst. w2n3; percobaan 2 dengan pemupukan n3= 30 g N/phn, dst
140
Lampiran 3. Deskripsi populasi IP-1P Asal Mulai berbunga
: :
Hasil seleksi massa populasi Lampung ± 4 bulan setelah tanam atau 6 bulan setelah semai Bentuk daun : Bulat dengan tulang daun menjari. Permukaan daun bergelombang Warna daun : Hijau Tangkai daun : Umumnya pendek dan kaku Jumlah buah/malai : 10 – 28 Jumlah malai/tanaman : > 5 pada penen pertama, tahun pertama Jumlah buah/tanaman : > 60 pada panen pertama, tahun pertama Berat 1000 biji : 700 – 850 gram Potensi produksi : 0.25 – 0.30 ton tahun I, 4.00 – 5.00 ton tahun kelima, dengan pemeliharaan optimal Kadar minyak : Kesesuian daerah : direkomendasikan untuk daerah beriklim basah Sumber: Puslitbangbun – Deptan (2006)
141
Lampiran 4. Data percobaan ke-satu 4.1. Analisis tanah No.
pH (1:1) H20
CaCl2
925
No.
5.2
KB
Kjeldahl
Bray III
Ca
%
%
ppm
4.2
0.18
Weckley & Black
Al3+
32.7
No.
Kation-kation dapat ditukar dan KTK dengan Ekstrak Penyangga NH4Oac 100 N pH 7.0
N Total
Al-Hdd KCl 1 N
% 925
P tersedia
C Org
H+
me/100 g
Kadar Air pada pF 1.00
2.00
2.54
Rasio C/N
9.3
44.16
41.82
2.77
1.15
27.48
Total
KTK
0.51
0.3
4.73
14.48
Kedalaman
Bulk Density
Total Pori
Debu
Liat
cm
g/ml
%
6.2
45.3
48.5
30
1.42
46.42
Cepat
Lambat
Air Tersedia
Permbeabilitas
%
36.28
Na
Pasir
Pori Drainase 4.20
K
me/100 g
Tekstur 3 Fraksi Metode Hidrometer
% (volume) 925
3.35
Mg
4.60
cm/jam 5.54
8.80
2.13
Keterangan: disalin kembali dari hasil pengujian SEAMEO BIOTROP Services Laboratory (No. Order: 301/TT/V/2007) 4.2. Biomasa tanaman di atas tanah, AGB (kg ha-1) Perlakuan
(W1N0) εn0 (W1N1) εn1 (W1N2) εn2 (W1N3) εn3 (W1P1) εp1 (W1P2) εp2
Waktu Pengamatan 28-Apr
7-Jul
4-Aug
22-Oct
6.44774 0.532 5.99821 0.532 6.44774 0.532 6.447739 0.532 10.67186 0.899 1.99885 0.165
485.57709 455.281 386.90082 63.849 751.70943 424.657 383.86163 192.126 884.67606 495.764 119.34841 66.390
504.66550 467.934 854.78360 199.663 1034.22635 397.793 1224.77864 292.669 1452.63792 580.315 356.58913 71.708
2856.5109 1065.375 3714.03015 364.905 4886.46542 1867.356 4792.39047 1826.366 6839.85045 2294.317 1284.84803 128.544
142
4.3. Indeks luas daun (unitless) Perlakuan (W1N0) εn0 (W1N1) εn1 (W1N2) εn2 (W1N3) εn3 (W1P1) εp1 (W1P2) εp2
28-Apr 0.005 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.005 0.003 0.007 0.000 0.002 0.000
4-May 0.003 0.002 0.006 0.004 0.008 0.006 0.005 0.003 0.009 0.003 0.002 0.000
9-Jun 0.139 0.003 0.081 0.029 0.606 0.448 0.330 0.183 0.453 0.312 0.124 0.034
Waktu Pengamatan 7-Jul 4-Aug 0.398 0.440 0.144 0.182 0.956 2.840 0.540 2.151 0.774 3.261 0.330 1.945 0.819 3.130 0.335 0.737 1.074 3.672 0.279 1.496 0.400 1.164 0.071 0.656
1-Sep 2.119 1.436 3.645 2.872 4.820 3.739 4.906 2.249 6.447 1.491 1.298 0.652
6-Oct 3.390 2.588 5.555 2.483 6.091 3.504 5.760 3.065 8.109 1.100 2.289 0.716
22-Oct 2.791 1.379 3.281 1.614 4.243 1.769 3.921 2.162 5.290 0.653 1.828 0.322
4.4. Hasil tanaman (kg ha-1) Perlakuan (W1N0) (W1N1) (W1N2) (W1N3) (W1P1) (W1P2)
Waktu pengamatan 22-Sep 22-Oct 13.685 24.695 11.178 74.500 98.559 99.048 19.743 147.878 64.465 140.957 7.118 32.104
15-Sep 0.121 0.121 25.078 22.992 12.964 11.192
Total 38.501 85.799 222.685 190.613 218.385 50.414
4.5. Biomassa di atas tanah (AGB, g m-2) dan radiasi yang diintersepsi (Qint, MJ m-2) untuk perhitungan RUE Komponen
Kode -2
28-Apr
Pengamatan 7-Jul 4-Aug
20-Oct
Intersepsi radiasi (MJ m ), x
Qint
5.3
292.4
107.3
413.4
AGB (g m-2), y
(W1N0) Qint (W1N2) Qint (W1N3) Qint (W1N1) Qint (W1P1) Qint (W1P2)
0.6 5.0 0.6 4.7 0.6 5.8 0.6 5.3 1.1 5.2 0.2
48.6 308.7 75.2 293.7 38.4 324.9 38.7 310.1 88.5 299.8 11.9
50.5 128.4 103.4 107.3 122.5 126.3 85.5 113.2 145.3 130.3 35.7
285.7 429.1 488.6 413.4 479.2 424.8 371.4 416.5 684.0 426.6 128.5
143
4.6. Nitrogen tanah (kg ha-1) Waktu Pengamatan 28-Apr 7-Jul 4-Aug 22-Oct
Perlakuan (W1N0) εn0
(W1N1) εn1
(W1N2) εn2
(W1N3) εn3
(W1P1) εp1
(W1P2) εp2
593.33 213.6
655.67 236.0
600.35 216.1
562.66 202.6
593.33 213.60
679.82 244.74
659.83 237.54
582.73 209.78
593.33 213.60
689.86 248.35
635.40 228.74
546.18 196.62
593.33 213.60
732.69 263.77
729.91 262.77
565.10 203.44
593.33 213.60
686.31 247.07
683.41 246.03
590.89 212.72
593.33 213.60
692.71 249.38
629.34 226.56
537.44 193.48
4.6.1. Amonium Kedalamam 0 - 20 Perlakuan 28-Apr (W1N0) (W1N1) (W1N2) (W1N3) (W1P1) (W1P2) 20 - 40 (W1N0) (W1N1) (W1N2) (W1N3) (W1P1) (W1P2)
Waktu pengamatan 7-Jul
3-Aug
22-Oct
23.52 23.52 23.52 23.52 23.52 23.52
28.09 28.41 27.76 30.05 28.25 28.90
25.47 26.78 26.13 28.09 26.45 26.78
24.82 23.52 24.17 21.56 26.78 20.25
36.92 36.92 36.92 36.92 36.92 36.92
38.97 41.02 42.56 44.71 41.79 41.84
35.89 40.51 38.71 46.15 43.07 37.56
32.82 35.89 31.79 35.89 33.84 34.36
144
4.6.2. Nitrat Kedalamam 0 - 20 Perlakuan (W1N0) (W1N2) (W1N3) (W1N1) (W1P1) (W1P2)
Waktu pengamatan 28-Apr 188.01 188.01 188.01 188.01 188.01 188.01
7-Jul 224.57 221.95 240.23 227.18 225.87 231.09
3-Aug 203.68 208.90 224.57 214.12 211.51 214.12
22-Oct 198.45 193.23 172.34 188.01 214.12 161.90
344.89 344.89 344.89 344.89 344.89 344.89
364.05 397.58 417.70 383.21 390.40 390.87
335.31 361.66 431.11 378.42 402.37 350.88
306.57 296.99 335.31 335.31 316.15 320.94
20 - 40
(W1N0) (W1N2) (W1N3) (W1N1) (W1P1) (W1P2)
4.7. Nitrogen tanaman dan biji (kg ha-1)
Perlakuan
28-Apr
(W1N0) εn0 (W1N1) εn1 (W1N2) εn2 (W1N3) εn3 (W1P1) εp1 (W1P2) εp2
0.226 0.019 0.211 0.019 0.226 0.019 0.226 0.019 0.375 0.032 0.070 0.006
Waktu Pengamatan 7-Jul 4-Aug
22-Oct
18.999 17.818 16.417 2.681 28.896 16.336 18.674 9.190 36.796 20.158 4.697 2.854
139.232 52.306 213.375 18.652 226.246 87.572 239.735 91.354 349.484 111.903 59.810 13.039
22.199 20.587 42.560 9.970 50.274 19.415 63.100 15.275 69.942 27.404 19.124 5.220
145
4.8. Intersepsi radiasi surya (%)
Perlakuan (W1N0) (W1N2) (W1N3) (W1N1) (W1P1) (W1P2)
2 Juni 0.47 0.44 0.42 0.52 0.47 0.46
9 Juni
16 Juni
23 Juni
30Jun
0.35 0.46 0.44 0.52 0.46 0.43
0.39 0.47 0.50 0.57 0.48 0.49
0.39 0.63 0.47 0.34 0.49 0.42
0.47 0.51 0.54 0.45 0.50 0.48
7-Jul
28Jul
4Aug
Waktu Pengamatan 111825Aug Aug Aug % Intersepsi
1Sep
8-Sep
15Sep
22Sep
29Sep
6Oct
10Oct
22Oct
0.38 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.41 0.46
0.15 0.20 0.11 0.06 0.10 0.15
0.19 0.21 0.18 0.20 0.18 0.21
0.17 0.17 0.11 0.15 0.13 0.16
0.19 0.17 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.21
0.58 0.60 0.57 0.57 0.56 0.60
0.56 0.58 0.58 0.59 0.57 0.58
0.49 0.52 0.51 0.52 0.51 0.52
0.54 0.56 0.55 0.56 0.55 0.55
0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.54
0.51 0.53 0.51 0.52 0.51 0.52
0.49 0.50 0.51 0.50 0.50 0.50
0.48 0.47 0.49 0.51 0.49 0.49
0.49 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.53 0.53
4.9. Kadar air tanah (mm) 0 - 20 (W1N0)
156.6
150.7
158.3
162.9
166.5
162.1
143.1
130.6
122.0
158.0
134.3
151.8
137.7
146.1
128.1
142.1
135.3
139.5
143.8
(W1N1)
136.7
148.1
144.1
149.3
146.5
131.7
140.8
140.6
125.1
134.6
145.0
108.1
117.3
123.2
111.4
116.9
123.5
118.9
114.4
(W1N2)
155.2
156.3
159.7
162.0
164.7
165.6
153.4
131.3
150.9
143.7
130.0
154.9
139.4
126.9
145.3
126.3
144.1
134.2
137.4
(W1N3)
148.3
161.6
155.1
145.3
140.8
127.0
142.2
131.1
129.5
156.4
149.6
103.3
107.5
126.8
107.5
110.2
113.9
105.6
108.3
(W1N0)
145.1
137.8
136.6
132.8
127.7
127.5
125.0
125.5
138.5
136.8
147.8
108.8
116.4
127.4
118.3
122.8
125.9
111.2
124.3
(W1N1)
136.7
148.1
144.1
149.3
146.5
131.7
140.8
140.6
125.1
134.6
145.0
108.1
117.3
123.2
111.4
116.9
123.5
118.9
114.4
(W1N2)
148.8
148.8
138.5
133.0
129.5
124.7
125.6
120.6
122.7
136.2
142.5
104.8
119.6
137.2
107.4
117.0
117.9
113.6
112.3
(W1N3)
148.3
161.6
155.1
145.3
140.8
127.0
142.2
131.1
129.5
156.4
149.6
103.3
107.5
126.8
107.5
110.2
113.9
105.6
108.3
20 - 40
146
Lampiran 5. Foto percobaan
Fase Emergence
Fase Kuncup bunga
Pengukuran KAT
Pengukuran radiasi surya
Fase Masak Fisiologis
Kulit buah dan biji jarak
147
Lampiran 6. Penurunan beberapa parameter
Parameter k Perlakuan W1N0 W1N1 W1N2 W1N3 W1P1 W1P2
9-Jun
7-Jul
1-Sep
6-Oct
22-Oct
0.86 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.32
0.09 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.15
0.07 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.10
0.09 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.13
4-Aug
22-Oct
k 1.50 1.89 0.42 0.79 0.56 2.15
0.74 0.26 0.34 0.31 0.26 0.63
Parameter slw 28-Apr
7 Juli
Perlakuan
(W1N0) (W1N1) (W1N2) (W1N3) (W1P1) (W1P2)
4-Aug
slw
Rata-rata
404.2358
9.809285
291.5052
126.6892
208.0599
404.2358
10.52533
95.06278
270.0773
194.9753
404.2358
11.73772
457.5187
119.7796
248.318
404.2358
14.57365
239.8547
163.3976
205.5154
404.2358
11.14726
260.1239
147.5894
205.7741
404.2358
12.17573
281.8468
192.3825
222.6602
217.1177
219.8692
Parameter koefisien partisi biomassa Batang Waktu Pengamatan Perlakuan 28-Apr 7 Juli 3-Aug s (W1N0) 0.518 0.848 0.421 0.25 0.50 (W1N1) 0.462 0.408 0.501 0.49 0.53 (W1N2) 0.477 0.322 0.542 y = 0.497e0.0103x (W1N3) 0.469 0.433 0.528 (W1P1) 0.342 0.501 0.440 (W1P2) 0.621 0.504 0.556 Rata-rata 0.486 0.526 0.488
Daun Waktu Pengamatan Perlakuan 28-Apr 7 Juli 3-Aug s (W1N0) 0.440 0.130 0.365 0.25 0.50 (W1N1) 1.029 1.316 0.865 0.83 0.92 (W1N2) 1.029 1.316 0.865 y = -0.2691x + 0.9517 (W1N3) 0.107 0.220 0.099 (W1P1) 0.734 0.570 0.481 (W1P2) 0.219 0.354 0.274
0.75 0.49
0.75 0.70
Rata-rata 0.56 0.41 0.17 0.23 0.17 0.58
0.38
0.38
148
Lampiran 6. Lanjutan
Parameter koefisien partisi nitrogen Akar Waktu Pengamatan Perlakuan 28-Apr 7 Juli 3-Aug 20-Oct s (W1N0) 0.58 0.66 0.75 1.15 0.25 0.50 0.75 (W1N1) 0.58 0.99 1.08 0.83 0.580 0.758 0.874 2 (W1N2) 0.58 0.62 0.79 0.97 y = 0.5264x + 0.4691, R = 0.9836 (W1N3) 0.58 0.67 0.76 0.86 0.99 (W1P1) 0.58 0.77 0.83 0.91 (W1P2) 0.58 0.70 0.86 0.99 Rata-rata 0.580 0.758 0.874 0.980 Batang Waktu Pengamatan Perlakuan 28-Apr 7 Juli 3-Aug 20-Oct s (W1N0) 0.88 0.70 0.80 1.33 0.25 0.50 0.75 (W1N1) 0.88 1.47 1.43 0.81 0.880 1.184 1.368 2 (W1N2) 0.88 1.39 1.87 2.25 y = 0.7706x + 0.7414, R = 0.9436 (W1N3) 0.88 0.74 0.86 0.97 1.5 (W1P1) 0.88 1.17 1.21 1.13 (W1P2) 0.88 0.98 1.27 1.55 Rata-rata 0.880 1.184 1.368 1.461
1.00 0.980
1.00 1.461
Parameter koefisien partisi nitrogen Daun Perlakuan (W1N0) (W1N1) (W1N2) (W1N3) (W1P1) (W1P2) Rata-rata
Waktu Pengamatan 28-Apr 7 Juli 3-Aug 20-Oct
s
2.63
3.14
3.53
3.46
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
2.63
2.32
3.35
3.74
2.630
2.726
3.468
3.770
2.63
2.72
3.52
4.12
2.63
3.40
3.88
4.36
2.63
2.85
3.57
4.18
2.63
2.95
3.57
3.65
2.630
2.726
3.468
3.770
Parameter nitrogen tanaman Nmax Akar
Batang
Daun
Biji
0.99
1.5
3.77
2.41
Lampiran 7. Data percobaan ke-dua
2
y = 1.6647x + 2.1082, R = 0.9258 3.77
149
7.1. Biomasa tanaman di atas tanah (kg ha-1) Waktu Pengamatan 1-Aug 20-Aug
Perlakuan
12-May
(W2N0) εn0 (W2N1) εn1 (W2N2) εn2 (W2N3) εn3 (W2P1) εp1 (W2P2) εp2 (W2P3) εp3
6.918
902.791
2028.127
2769.623
0.607
259.741
576.006
575.221
6.918
509.372
1073.523
3378.098
0.607
378.877
1035.262
1829.679
6.918 0.607
913.802 248.730
1295.027 494.686
4479.495 238.561
6.918 0.607
771.790 163.217
2083.675 333.428
3831.230 1025.012
16.502 1.448
1792.802 597.284
3596.223 1253.877
7986.309 1657.523
3.027 0.266
418.937 139.846
797.820 363.020
2204.273 833.450
1.225 0.108
111.578 50.795
466.222 212.639
653.253 260.381
20-Oct
7.2. Indeks luas daun (unitless)
9 Juni
Waktu Pengamatan 7 Juli 1-Aug 20-Aug 1-Sep
6-Oct
20-Oct
0.008
0.122
1.160
1.733
2.318
2.693
3.913
4.213
0.002
0.049
0.473
1.110
1.713
1.648
1.585
0.815
0.008
0.074
0.684
2.090
2.357
3.152
4.203
4.646
0.000
0.010
0.295
0.614
0.071
0.494
1.120
0.703
0.008
0.159
1.047
1.884
3.160
4.534
5.104
5.149
0.000
0.017
0.584
0.283
0.184
1.124
0.407
1.066
0.008
0.075
0.282
2.795
3.193
3.525
5.107
5.151
0.000
0.015
0.054
1.508
0.276
0.345
0.943
1.637
0.019
0.245
1.668
4.759
5.537
7.555
10.663
10.731
0.001
0.043
0.610
1.889
0.823
1.969
2.181
1.989
0.005
0.042
0.374
0.986
1.420
1.925
2.101
3.213
0.000
0.007
0.368
0.701
0.492
0.347
0.713
0.741
0.002
0.031
0.177
0.493
1.147
1.006
0.990
0.602
0.000
0.000
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.007
0.005
0.003
Perlakuan
12-May
(W2N0) εn0 (W2N1) εn1 (W2N2) εn2 (W2N3) εn3 (W2P1) εp1 (W2P2) εp2 (W2P3) εp3
150
7.3. Hasil tanaman (kg ha-1) Perlakuan (W2N0) (W2N1) (W2N2) (W2N3) (W2P1) (W2P2) (W2P3)
Waktu pengamatan 15-Sep 22-Sep 20-Oct 37.547 23.266 60.813 41.985 58.619 100.604 171.144 66.586 238.008 121.630 43.966 145.123 212.375 121.010 333.385 30.938 11.687 27.270 36.125 11.631 47.756
Total 121.627 201.208 476.016 300.394 666.770 62.153 95.511
7.4. Nitrogen tanah (kg ha-1) Perlakuan (W2N0) εn0 (W2N1) εn1 (W2N2) εn2 (W2N3) εn3 (W2P1) εp1 (W2P2) εp2 (W2P3) εp3
Waktu Pengamatan 12-May 1-Aug 20-Aug
20-Oct
553.686
666.474
540.112
652.114
190.966
229.867
186.285
224.914
553.686
654.168
567.286
615.714
190.966
225.622
195.657
212.360
553.686
583.674
630.977
519.846
190.966
201.309
217.624
179.295
553.686
588.281
699.795
601.874
190.966
202.898
241.359
207.586
553.686
655.193
620.792
626.738
190.966
225.976
214.111
216.162
553.686
610.778
560.031
600.207
190.966
210.657
193.155
207.011
553.686
603.477
647.804
565.217
190.966
208.139
223.428
194.943
7.4.1. Amonium Kedalaman 0 - 20 (W2N0) (W2N2) (W2N3) (W2N1) (W2P1) (W2P2) (W2P3)
28-Apr 23.74 23.74 23.74 23.74 23.74 23.74 23.74
Pengamatan 1-Aug 20-Aug 28.58 18.69 26.60 25.06 29.46 31.22 29.02 19.13 29.18 23.08 29.18 23.74 26.88 23.74
20-Oct 29.90 23.74 27.26 28.58 28.69 27.37 26.05
151
7.4.1. Lanjutan Kedalaman 20 - 40 (W2N0) (W2N2) (W2N3) (W2N1) (W2P1) (W2P2) (W2P3)
28-Apr 23.40 23.40 23.40 23.40 23.40 23.40 23.40
Pengamatan 1-Aug 20-Aug 28.17 26.44 26.87 27.09 21.45 28.60 26.87 28.17 26.81 29.09 23.40 23.89 24.70 30.63
20-Oct 26.00 20.80 24.27 24.27 25.03 24.05 22.43
28-Apr 225.38 225.38 225.38 225.38 225.38 225.38 225.38
Pengamatan 1-Aug 20-Aug 271.29 177.38 252.51 237.90 279.64 296.34 275.47 181.56 277.03 219.12 277.03 225.38 255.12 225.38
20-Oct 283.81 225.38 258.77 271.29 272.34 259.82 247.29
281.16 281.16 281.16 281.16 281.16 281.16 281.16
338.43 322.81 257.73 322.81 322.16 281.16 296.78
312.40 301.99 291.57 291.57 300.69 288.97 269.45
7.4.2. Nitrat Kedalaman 0 - 20 (W2N0) (W2N2) (W2N3) (W2N1) (W2P1) (W2P2) (W2P3) 20 - 40 (W2N0) (W2N2) (W2N3) (W2N1) (W2P1) (W2P2) (W2P3)
317.61 325.42 343.64 338.43 349.50 287.02 368.05
152
7.5. Nitrogen tanaman (kg ha-1) Perlakuan (W2N0) εn0 (W2N1) εn1 (W2N2) εn2 (W2N3) εn3 (W2P1) εp1 (W2P2) εp2 (W2P3) εp3
12-May
Waktu Pengamatan 1-Aug 20-Aug
20-Oct
0.169
28.468
67.966
118.044
0.015
8.200
19.360
24.579
0.169
25.031
55.817
167.515
0.015
18.680
55.910
91.976
0.169
44.432
71.569
197.667
0.015
12.091
26.960
11.230
0.169
37.350
100.716
172.096
0.015
8.093
16.336
40.620
0.403
76.939
166.362
363.353
0.035
26.049
62.187
75.589
0.074
18.932
36.212
97.403
0.006
6.629
17.816
35.558
0.030
5.591
19.476
30.735
0.003
2.620
8.921
15.156
153
7.6. Intersepsi radiasi surya (%)
Perlakuan (W2N0) (W2N1) (W2N2) (W2N3) (W1P1) (W1P2) (W1P3)
2 Juni 0.54 0.38 0.62 0.45 0.49 0.51 0.46
9 Juni
16 Juni
23 Juni
30Jun
0.52 0.36 0.53 0.46 0.37 0.51 0.50
0.48 0.42 0.48 0.51 0.40 0.49 0.51
0.51 0.36 0.47 0.53 0.37 0.45 0.56
0.43 0.41 0.41 0.43 0.39 0.47 0.42
23 Juni
30Jun
7-Jul
28Jul
4Aug
Waktu Pengamatan 111825Aug Aug Aug % Intersepsi
1Sep
8-Sep
15Sep
22Sep
29Sep
6Oct
10Oct
20Oct
0.51 0.50 0.57 0.45 0.43 0.58 0.49
0.14 0.57 0.11 0.11 0.23 0.23 0.25
0.36 0.21 0.30 0.30 0.32 0.25 0.28
0.15 0.13 0.18 0.19 0.14 0.16 0.17
0.49 0.55 0.61 0.56 0.49 0.55 0.61
0.55 0.55 0.58 0.57 0.48 0.59 0.60
0.52 0.50 0.56 0.53 0.45 0.55 0.56
0.56 0.56 0.59 0.56 0.49 0.60 0.60
0.50 0.52 0.56 0.52 0.45 0.55 0.57
0.54 0.51 0.56 0.55 0.46 0.57 0.57
0.53 0.52 0.55 0.54 0.46 0.56 0.58
0.52 0.50 0.55 0.50 0.45 0.56 0.55
0.27 0.24 0.26 0.23 0.22 0.23 0.29
0.47 0.51 0.59 0.50 0.44 0.54 0.54
7.7.Kadar air tanah (mm) 7-Jul
28Jul
4Aug
Waktu Pengamatan 111825Aug Aug Aug Kadar air tanah (mm)
1-Sep
264.0
272.1
249.4
251.6
263.5
264.9
271.8
244.5
262.2
262.2
249.8
246.7
251.2
248.3
230.5
231.2
257.8
259.1
258.1
238.2
236.6
255.1
234.0
265.7
257.6
261.9
257.8
263.3
228.2
235.7
242.1
227.9
255.4
261.4
259.4
260.5
254.5
251.7
244.9
266.4
253.9
262.5
263.6
263.5
264.9
232.5
251.9
253.2
254.1
258.2
265.4
258.4
263.0
237.6
234.5
237.1
2 Juni
9 Juni
16 Juni
(W2N0)
274.4
263.8
272.1
269.2
(W2N1)
269.3
249.3
252.6
(W2N2)
272.7
256.9
260.5
(W2N3) (W1P1)
261.2
248.0
276.6
(W1P2)
268.3
(W1P3)
263.2
Perlakuan
15Sep
22Sep
29Sep
6Oct
10Oct
20Oct
235.5
240.4
232.7
273.4
244.9
263.6
265.0
245.5
264.7
247.8
251.8
240.2
241.7
264.6
245.8
249.1
254.6
255.7
239.5
256.5
252.4
249.0
252.5
260.9
243.7
272.4
243.2
243.6
254.7
249.4
279.5
248.1
245.7
261.1
244.2
252.6
247.0
248.8
260.2
249.4
268.6
261.2
239.0
240.7
249.3
264.9
234.6
239.9
262.4
254.2
252.8
245.3
233.3
270.3
243.7
252.9
258.8
237.0
246.0
237.7
271.2
252.1
8-Sep
0 - 20
154
7.8. Kadar air tanah (mm) (Lanjutan)
30Jun
7-Jul
28Jul
4Aug
Waktu Pengamatan 111825Aug Aug Aug Kadar air tanah (mm)
53.7
166.4
50.8
130.6
162.7
280.2
286.8
302.1
38.2
160.5
222.8
169.1
135.6
123.1
111.5
86.4
133.2
156.5
181.7
0.5
100.7
130.2
161.4
106.4
108.0
56.1
115.1
106.4
203.5
174.7
266.4
28.9
22.9
-0.4
25.7
16.8
21.0
50.6
99.2
192.8
219.0
178.7
185.5
170.1
91.5
147.4
67.2
24.5
265.6
8.8
40.9
229.1
-21.3
16.4
57.3
69.1
-11.3
276.6
255.4
261.4
259.4
260.5
254.5
251.7
244.9
266.4
245.7
261.1
244.2
252.6
247.0
248.8
260.2
249.4
268.6
261.2
268.3
253.9
262.5
263.6
263.5
264.9
232.5
251.9
253.2
239.0
240.7
249.3
264.9
234.6
239.9
262.4
254.2
252.8
245.3
263.2
254.1
258.2
265.4
258.4
263.0
237.6
234.5
237.1
233.3
270.3
243.7
252.9
258.8
237.0
246.0
237.7
271.2
252.1
355.5
355.5
355.5
355.5
355.5
355.5
355.5
355.5
355.5
355.5
355.5
355.5
355.5
355.5
355.5
355.5
355.5
355.5
355.5
261.7
261.7
261.7
261.7
261.7
261.7
261.7
261.7
261.7
261.7
261.7
261.7
261.7
261.7
261.7
261.7
261.7
261.7
261.7
2 Juni
9 Juni
16 Juni
(W2N0)
136.0
133.4
51.1
(W2N1)
220.9
90.1
(W2N2)
268.6
(W2N3) (W1P1)
266.2
(W1P2) (W1P3) KL TLP
Perlakuan
23 Juni
1-Sep
8-Sep
15Sep
22Sep
29Sep
6Oct
10Oct
20Oct
90.9
130.9
203.7
239.2
198.7
91.8
244.6
54.9
9.5
-8.5
125.2
13.6
20 - 40
155
Lampiran 8. Parameter dalam model simulasi tanaman jarak pagar No. I.
II.
III.
IV.
Komponen Cuaca Tetapan psikrometer2) Massa jenis udara2) Panas laten penguapan2) Kapasitas panas2) Albedo2) Tanaman Efisiensi penggunaan radiasi surya1) Luas daun spesifik1) Koefisien pemadaman1) Koefisien respirasi pemeliharaan2) Koefisien respirasi pertumbuhan2) Heat unit Semai/Tanam – Emergency1) Emergency – Kuncup bunga1) Kuncup bunga – Anthesis1) Anthesis – Masak Fisiologis1) Suhu dasar (Aker, 1997) Tanah Kapasitas lapang1) Titik layu permanen1) Tetapan U (Handoko, 1994) Tetapan α (Handoko, 1994) Nitrogen tanaman Konsentrasi N maksimum akar1) Konsentrasi N maksimum batang1) Konsentrasi N maksimum daun1) Konsentrasi N maksimum biji1)
Simbol
Satuan
Nilai
γ dair lhv cp α
Pa°C kg m-3 MJ kg-1 Pa°C unitless
66.1 1 204.0 2 454.0 1 010.0 0.23
RUE sla k km kg
kg MJ-1 ha kg-1 unitless
0.0013 217 0.38 0.015 0.14
HU1 HU2 HU3 HU4 T0
°C °C °C °C °C
190 1202 460 1364 10
FC WP U α
% % mm mm
34.99 28.20 12 5.08
NmaxR NmaxS NmaxL NmaxG
% % % %
0.99 1.50 3.77 2.41
Keterangan: 1) Hasil percobaan 2007, 2) hasil dari beberapa referensi
156
Lampiran 9. List program pemodelan tanaman jarak pagar Global dgwb, gwb, HI Global SS, S0, PT, PTs, pi, gamma, dair, cp, lhv Global kp, km, LUE, kg, Nmin, mgmax Global kam, knit, pH, OM Global WP1, WP2, TLPtotal Global FC1, FC2, KLtotal Global panen, hari3(1 To 100), hari4(1 To 100) As Integer Global BGen(0 To 100), ym, HST(0 To 100), gw2, dtaun Global TGW As Single 'soil evaporation information: Global dlayer, U, CEs1, CEs2, times, Esa, alpha Global Fint, hujan, PInf, Irrig, Esm, p Global timeso, rained Global Esx 'transpiration variable: Global Tsa, Tsa1, Tsm, rew(1 To 4), Swccrit Global frl, frlx, dplet, wdf, CWSI 'evapotranspiration: Global TET, Etm, Etp, Eta 'Soil information: Global z1(1 To 4), z2(1 To 4), layer, nlayer, tlayer, dsowing, front As Integer Global FC(1 To 4), WP(1 To 4), TKAT Global rdepth, drdepth 'Water balance Global perc(1 To 4), runoff, Irrigasi, swc(1 To 4) Global AInf, Infmax, SM(1 To 366, 1 To 4) 'Phenology Global TUat, TUtm, TUanth, TUmat Global s1, s2, s3, s4, s Global Tb1, Tb2, Tb3, Tb4 Global Tave, TU, dTU Global dsmat, smat Global jhari1, jhari2, jhari3, jhari4, jhari41(1 To 100) 'weather Global sinld, d, cosld, sinb, arg, arccos, dlen, esat, ea, RH, vpd, delta Global albs, albc, alb Global sangot, nN, radiasi, Rlw, Rn Global f1
157
'Dry matter Global pG, pS, pL, pR, Grno, wpg, slw Global Sint Global GDMp, SLNitrogen, NL, ndf, GDMa Global Q10, RmL, RmS, RmR, RmG Global dLW, dSW, dRW, dGW Global LW, SW, RW, SW1, LW1, ILD1, NL1, dNL Global pw, ILD, TW, GW, dILD, dTW, TWp Global Wveg, dRes, senesS, dWpg, dGW2, dGW1 'Nitrogen tanaman Global NLtrans, NStrans, Npool, Nup Global NmaxL, NmaxS, NmaxR, NdemL, NdemS, NdemR Global NdemT, NS, NR Global NdemG, dNsur, NG Global NactG, NactL, NactS, NactR, NT 'Nitrogen_tanah Global pupukNH4, pupuk, vola1, vola2 Global NO3c, NH4c, Nminc Global rwf(1 To 4), dNH4, leach Global leaching Global rpH, dNO3p, dNO3a Global Nuptmf, Nupt Global TNup, NH4, NO3 'Lain-lain Global jdate, dtanggal As String Global kiri, atas, pCuaca, pnerair, plapisan, kasus Global lokasi, kl1, kl2, tlp1, tlp2, aa, bh, n% Global Tleaching, Ttanah, Tvola, Nawal Global OptIrigasi, OptTadah, OptIr64, OptCiliwung As Boolean Global Ihujan(1 To 366), Iradiasi(1 To 366), ITave(1 To 366), ITmax(1 To 366), ITmin(1 To 366), IRH(1 To 366), Angin(1 To 366), Daun(1 To 366), Virig(1 To 366) Global input1, input2, input4, input5, output1, Output2 Global Tanggal, pminS Global Thujan, wind Global DAS, Photo Global j, k% Global lat 'module untuk model cuaca Global nday(1 To 13), tnday(1 To 14), fw(1 To 13), ar(1 To 13), CH(1 To 13) Global HH(1 To 13), P00(1 To 13), P10(1 To 13), P11(1 To 13) Global CHf(1 To 13), HHf(1 To 13) Global g1, g2, gv
158
Global rained_yesterday, Lintang2, Bujur2, Tinggi2 Global Grain(1 To 366), Gradiasi(1 To 366), Gsunshine(1 To 366) Global GHari(1 To 366), GBulan(1 To 366), GTmax(1 To 366), GTmin(1 To 366), GTave(1 To 366), GRH(1 To 366) Global TBulan, Train, THH, Tsol Global Tsunshine, TTmax, TTmin, TRH Global output Global lintang, bujur Global tinggi, chb1, chb2, chb3, chb4, chb5, chb6, chb7, chb8 Global chb9, chb10, chb11, chb12 Global hhb1, hhb2, hhb3, hhb4, hhb5, hhb6 Global hhb7, hhb8, hhb9, hhb10, hhb11, hhb12 Global lintang1, bujur1, alti, ch1, ch2, ch3, ch4, ch5, ch6, ch7, ch8, ch9, ch10, ch11, ch12 Global hh1, hh2, hh3, hh4, hh5, hh6, hh7, hh8, hh9, hh10, hh11, hh12 Global zg, prod, kount, ag, BG, L, rn1, uag, x, rn2 Global ubg, y, w, rn3 Global hari2(1 To 366), bulan2(1 To 366), sunshine2(1 To 366), ITave2(1 To 366) Global Tlayu, Klap Global input3, output3, persen Global satuperiode Global hasilb, hasil4, hasil6, hasil8, hasil10, hasil12, hasil18, hasil20 As Currency Public Sub dry_matter() dry_matter: If s < 0.25 Then Call fase_1 If s < 0.25 Then GoTo transisi If pS >= 0.346 Then pS = 0.346 Else: pS = 0.1108 * Log(TU) - 0.4817 '= 0.1215 * Log(TU) - 0.5304 End If If pR >= 0.18 Then pR = 0.18 Else: pR = 0.0523 * Log(TU) - 0.2189 '0.059 * Log(TU) - 0.2664 End If If s = 1 Then panen = panen + 1 BGen(panen) = 0.225 * GW jhari41(panen) = jhari4
159
HST(panen) = DAS dGW = 0: GW = 0.225 * GW s = 0.9: s4 = 2 If panen = 4 Then s = 1 If panen < 4 Then TGW = TGW + GW End If If panen > 0 Then pL = 1.0692 - 0.8121 * s GoTo bb End If If s > 0.5 Then If s > 0.83 Then If pL > 0.021 Then pL = pL - 0.021 Else pL = 0 Else: pL = (-0.0002 * TU + 0.7835) ' 0.7015 - 0.0002 * TU End If If s < 0.75 Then pS = 0.497 exp ( 0.0103 s ) pL = 0.9517 − 0.2691s End If
bb: pG = 1 - (pS + pR + pL) Else pL = 1 - (pS + pR) pG = 0 End If 'specific leaf weight(kg/Ha) : slw = 217 * Exp(0.0005 * TU) If slw > 217 Then slw = 217 Else: slw = slw End If 'Intercepted radiation (MJ/m2/d) : ILD = LW / slw If ILD < 0 Then ILD = 0 Sint = radiasi * (1 - Exp(-kp * ILD)) 'Potential gross dry matter production (kg/ha/d) : GDMp = RUE * Sint * 10 ^ 4 'Actual gross dry matter production (kg/ha/d) : ' If s < 1 Then
160
If wdf < 0.46 Then wdf = 0.46 Else wdf = wdf GDMa = (1 - kg) * GDMp 'Respirasi maintenance setiap organ tanaman(kg/ha/d): Q10 = 2 ^ ((Tave - 20) / 10) RmL = km * Q10 * LW RmS = km * Q10 * SW RmR = km * Q10 * RW RmG = km * Q10 * GW 'Pembagian biomasa : dLW = (pL * GDMa - RmL) dRW = (pR * GDMa - RmR) dSW = (pS * GDMa - RmS) dGW = (pG * GDMa - RmG) If dSW < 0 Then dSW = 0 SW = SW + dSW: RW = RW + dRW LW = LW + dLW: GW = GW + dGW TW = SW + RW + LW + GW TGW = TGW + dGW Air Tanaman = -0.014 * TW + 80.479 'Hitung panjang akar (mm) drdepth = 1.4 * TU * wdf rdepth = rdepth + drdepth If rdepth > tlayer Then rdepth = tlayer transisi: End Sub Public Sub phenology() If s >= 0.75 Then GoTo fase_keempat If s >= 0.5 Then GoTo fase_ketiga If s >= 0.25 Then GoTo fase_kedua fase_pertama: jhari1 = jhari1 + 1 If Tave > Tb1 Then s1 = s1 + 0.25 * (Tave - Tb1) / TUat If s1 > 0.25 Then s1 = 0.25 dTU = Tave - Tb1 Else: GoTo stage End If If s1 < 0.25 Then GoTo stage
161
fase_kedua: jhari2 = jhari2 + 1 If Tave > Tb2 Then s2 = s2 + 0.25 * (Tave - Tb2) / TUtm If s2 > 0.25 Then s2 = 0.25 dTU = Tave - Tb2 Else: GoTo stage End If If s2 < 0.25 Then GoTo stage fase_ketiga: jhari3 = jhari3 + 1 If Tave > Tb3 Then s3 = s3 + 0.25 * (Tave - Tb3) / TUanth If s3 > 0.25 Then s3 = 0.25 dTU = Tave - Tb3 Else: GoTo stage End If If s3 < 0.25 Then GoTo stage fase_keempat: jhari4 = jhari4 + 1 If Tave > Tb4 Then dsmat = 0.25 * (Tave - Tb4) / TUmat s4 = s4 + dsmat dTU = Tave - Tb4 Else: dsmat = 0 End If If s4 > 0.25 Then s4 = 0.25 smat = smat + dsmat stage: s = s1 + s2 + s3 + s4 TU = TU + dTU End Sub Public Sub Soil_evaporation() 'If hujan < Fint Then Fint = hujan If ILD < 3 Then Fint = 0.4233 * ILD Else Fint = 1.27 If hujan < Fint Then Fint = hujan 'Potensial infiltration (INF), mm : PInf = hujan - Fint + Irrig
162
'evaporasi maksimum, mm: Esm = Etm * Exp(-kp * ILD) If Esm < 0 Then Esm = 0 p = PInf If CEs1 >= U Then GoTo stage2 stage1: If p >= CEs1 Then CEs1 = 0 Else CEs1 = CEs1 - p cumes1: CEs1 = CEs1 + Esm If CEs1 < U Then Esa = Esm Else GoTo transition GoTo bufferevap transition: Esa = Esm - 0.4 * (CEs1 - U) CEs2 = 0.6 * (CEs1 - U) times = (CEs2 / alpha) ^ 2 GoTo bufferevap stage2: If p >= CEs2 Then GoTo storm times = times + 1 timeso = times - 1 Esa = alpha * Sqr(times) - alpha * Sqr(timeso) If p > 0 Then GoTo rained If Esa > Esm Then Esa = Esm cumes2: CEs2 = CEs2 + Esa - p GoTo bufferevap storm: p = p - CEs2 CEs1 = U - p If p > U Then CEs1 = 0 GoTo cumes1 rained: Esx = 0.8 * p If Esx <= Esa Then Esx = Esa + p If Esx > Esm Then Esx = Esm Esa = Esx GoTo cumes2 bufferevap: If swc(1) < 0.5 * WP(1) Then Esa = 0 If swc(1) > FC(1) Then Esa = Esm
163
'Transpirasi maksimum (mm): Tsm = (Etm - Esm) * (1.42 + (1 - 1.42) * (Esa / Esm)) 'Infiltrasi aktual, mm: AInf = 0.6 * PInf Etp = Esm + Tsm If Etm < Etp Then Etm = Etp End Sub Public Sub weather() 'Solar declination (degree): i = DAS ij = i + j If ij > 365 Then ij = ij - 365 d = -23.4 * Cos(2 * pi * (ij + 10) / 365) 'Daylength, dlen (hours): sinld = Sin(lat * pi / 180) * Sin(d * pi / 180) cosld = Cos(lat * pi / 180) * Cos(d * pi / 180) sinb = Sin(-0.833 * pi / 180) arg = (sinb - sinld) / cosld arccos = Atn(-arg / Sqr(-arg * arg + 1)) + 2 * Atn(1) dlen = 24 / pi * arccos 'Vapour pressure (Kpa): esat = 0.61078 * Exp(17.27 * Tave / (Tave + 237.3)) ea = RH * esat / 100 vpd = esat - ea 'Slope of vapour pressure (KPa/oC): delta = 4098 * esat / (Tave + 237.3) ^ 2 'Albedo (unitless) : alb = 0.23 'Long wave radiation (MJ/m2/d): sangot = 58.75 * (sinld + cosld) nN = (radiasi / sangot - 0.29) / 0.52 Rlw = 4.9 * (10 ^ -9) * ((Tave + 273) ^ 4) * (0.56 - 0.08 * Sqr(ea)) * (0.1 + 0.9 * nN) 'Net radiation (MJ/m2/d): Rn = (1 - alb) * radiasi - Rlw 'Evapotranspirasi maksimum(mm): A1 = 0.408 * Rn * delta A2 = gamma * 900 * wind * vpd / (Tave + 273) A3 = delta + gamma * (1 + 0.34 * wind)
164
Etm = (A1 + A2) / A3 If Etm < 0 Then Etm = 0 End Sub Public Sub Parameter() 'Parameter cuaca: pi = 3.1415926 gamma = 0.067 lhv = 2.454 dair = 1.204 cp = 1010 'Parameter evaporasi: alpha = 5.08 U = 12 'Titik layu permanen(%,V): WP1 = tlp1 WP2 = tlp2 'Kapasitas lapang (%,V): FC1 = kl1 FC2 = kl2 'Penology Tb1 = 10: Tb2 = 10: Tb3 = 10: Tb4 = 10 TUat = 190: TUtm = 1202 TUanth = 460: TUmat = 1364 'Dry matter km = 0.015 kp = 0.38 If ndf < wdf the RUE = 0.0013*ndf Else RUE = 0.0013*wdf kg = 0.13 slw = 217 End Sub Public Sub inialisasi() 'soil information: nlayer = 4 For layer = 1 To nlayer dlayer = 250 tlayer = tlayer + dlayer If layer = 1 Or layer = 2 Then FC(layer) = FC1 * dlayer / 100 WP(layer) = WP1 * dlayer / 100 Else:
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FC(layer) = FC2 * dlayer / 100 WP(layer) = WP2 * dlayer / 100 End If swc(layer) = FC(layer) z2(layer) = tlayer z1(layer) = z2(layer) - dlayer KLtotal = KLtotal + FC(layer) TLPtotal = TLPtotal + WP(layer) Next layer 'soil evaporation : front = 1 CEs1 = U CEs2 = 0 times = 0 Es = 0 'At Sowing j = Tanggal dsowing = 30 'mm rdepth = dsowing: rew(1) = 1 s1 = 0: s2 = 0: s3 = 0: s4 = 0: s = 0 TW = 10: SW = 0: RW = 0: LW = 0 NactL = 7: NactS = 5: NactR = 5 NL = NactL * LW / 100 NH4 = 23.57 * 1.4 * dlayer / 100 NO3 = 68.19 * 1.4 * dlayer / 100 rdepth = 50 Nawal = NH4 + NO3 wdf = 1 End Sub Public Sub neraca_air() If layer = 1 Then swc(layer) = swc(layer) + AInf - Esa - Tsa1 If swc(layer) > FC(layer) Then perc(layer) = swc(layer) - FC(layer) swc(layer) = FC(layer) Else: perc(layer) = 0 End If Else: swc(layer) = swc(layer) + perc(layer - 1) - Tsa1 If swc(layer) > FC(layer) Then perc(layer) = swc(layer) - FC(layer) swc(layer) = FC(layer) Else: perc(layer) = 0
166
End If End If 'bufferwbal: If swc(layer) < 0 Then swc(layer) = 0 TKAT = TKAT + swc(layer) End Sub Public Sub transpirasi() If rdepth <= z1(layer) Then frl = 0 Else: If rdepth > z2(layer) Then frl = z2(layer) - z1(layer): front = layer Else: frl = rdepth - z1(layer): front = layer End If If z1(layer) < dsowing Then frl = frl - dsowing End If 'Fraksi reduksi transpirasi dari akar If rdepth <> dsowing Then frlx = frl / (rdepth - dsowing) Else: frlx = 0 End If If frlx > 1 Then frlx = 1 If frlx < 0 Then frlx = 0 dplet = 0.7 - 0.04 * Etm 'Fraksi reduksi transpirasi dari tanah (rew, unitless): Swccrit = WP(layer) + (1 - dplet) * (FC(layer) - WP(layer)) If swc(layer) <= WP(layer) Then rew(layer) = 0 Else: rew(layer) = (swc(layer) - WP(layer)) / (Swccrit - WP(layer)) End If If rew(layer) > 1 Then rew(layer) = 1 If rew(layer) < 0.05 Then rew(layer) = 0.05 'Actual transpiration (mm) : Tsa1 = Tsm * rew(layer) * frlx Tsa = Tsa + Tsa1 If Tsa > Tsm Then Tsa = Tsm If Tsa < 0.01 Then Tsa = 0.01 'Water defisit factor: Eta = Esa + Tsa If Etm > 0 Then wdf = Eta / Etm
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Else: wdf = 0 End If End Sub Public Sub reset_var() TGW = 0: TKAT = 0: KLtotal = 0: TLPtotal = 0 gw2 = 0: Var = "": jumlahhari = 0: dpanen1 = 0 DAS = 0: s = 0: ILD = 0: TET = 0: TW = 0: GW = 0 j = 0: k% = 0: lhv = 0: alpha = 0: WP1 = 0 Tsa = 0: Tsm = 0: rew(1) = 0: rew(2) = 0: rew(3) = 0: rew(4) = 0: rdepth = 0: tlayer = 0: FC1 = 0: FC2 = 0 Thujan = 0: TU = 0: Etm = 0 pi = 0: gamma = 0: dair = 0: cp = 0 dlayer = 0: U = 0: CEs1 = 0: CEs2 = 0: times = 0: Es = 0 WP1 = 0: WP2 = 0 kam = 0: knit = 0: pH = 0: OM = 0 Tb = 0: TUat = 0: TUtm = 0: TUanth = 0: TUmat = 0 km = 0: LUE = 0: kg = 0: Nmin = 0: mgmax = 0 s1 = 0: s2 = 0: s3 = 0: s4 = 0: LW = 0: SW = 0: RW = 0: NactL = 0: NactS = 0: NactR = 0: NH4 = 0: NO3 = 0 sinld = 0: d = 0: cosld = 0: sinb = 0: arg = 0: arccos = 0: dlen = 0: esat = 0: ea = 0: vpd = 0: delta = 0 albs = 0: albc = 0: alb = 0 sangot = 0: nN = 0: Rlw = 0: Rn = 0 f1 = 0 hasil1 = 0: hasil2 = 0: hasila = 0: hasil3 = 0: hasil5 = 0: hasil7 = 0: hasil9 = 0: hasil11 = 0: hasilb = 0: hasil4 = 0: hasil6 = 0: hasil8 = 0: hasil10 = 0: hasil12 = 0: hasil17 = 0: hasil18 = 0: Fint = 0: hujan = 0: Inf = 0: Esm = 0: p = 0 timeso = 0: rained = 0 Esx = 0 Tsa = 0: Esa = 0: Eta = 0 For i = 1 To 100 BGen(i) = 0 Next i panen = 0 'Phenology dsmat = 0: smat = 0 'Dry matter pG = 0: pS = 0: pL = 0: pR = 0: Grno = 0: wpg = 0: slw = 0 wdf = 0: Sint = 0: GDMp = 0: SLNitrogen = 0: NL = 0: ndf = 0: GDMa = 0 Q10 = 0: RmL = 0: RmS = 0: RmR = 0: RmG = 0 dLW = 0: dSW = 0: dRW = 0: dGW = 0
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drdepth = 0 'Nitrogen tanaman NLtrans = 0: NStrans = 0: Npool = 0: Nup = 0 NmaxL = 0: NmaxS = 0: NmaxR = 0: NdemL = 0: NdemS = 0: NdemR = 0 NdemT = 0: NS = 0: NR = 0: NdemG = 0: dNsur = 0: NG = 0 NactG = 0: NT = 0 'Transpiration Swccrit = 0: Tsa1 = 0 'Water balance 'perc = 0 runoff = 0: AInf = 0: PInf = 0: Infmax = 0 'Nitrogen_tanah pupukNH4 = 0: vola1 = 0: vola2 = 0 NO3c = 0: NH4c = 0: Nminc = 0: dNH4 = 0: leach = 0 nlayer = 0: leaching = 0: rpH = 0: dNO3p = 0: dNO3a = 0: Nuptmf = 0: Nupt = 0: TNup = 0 'Lain-lain Tleaching = 0: Ttanah = 0: Tvola = 0: Nawal = 0 jhari1 = 0: jhari2 = 0: jhari3 = 0: jhari4 = 0 radiasi = 0: Tave = 0: RH = 0: Irrig = 0: wind = 0 End Sub Public Sub fase_1() wdf = 1 Q10 = 2 ^ ((Tave - 20) / 10) SW = s * TW * (1 - km * Q10) RW = s * TW * (1 - km * Q10) LW = s * TW * (1 - km * Q10) slw = 217 * Exp(0.0006 * TU) ILD = LW / slw * wdf TWp = SW + RW + LW TW = SW + RW + LW + (TW - TWp) End Sub Public Sub keluar() out1 = MsgBox("Anda yakin akan keluar dari program ?", vbQuestion + vbOKCancel, "Model Simulasi Tanaman Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.)") If out1 = vbOK Then End Else End If End Sub
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Public Sub aaa() For i% = 1 To 9 hasila = hasila + a(i%) hasilb = hasilb + b(i%) Next i% End Sub Public Sub bbb() For i% = 10 To 10 hasil3 = hasil3 + a(i%) hasil4 = hasil4 + b(i%) Next i% End Sub Public Sub ccc() For i% = 11 To 12 hasil5 = hasil5 + a(i%) hasil6 = hasil6 + b(i%) Next i% End Sub Public Sub ddd() For i% = 13 To 14 hasil7 = hasil7 + a(i%) hasil8 = hasil8 + b(i%) Next i% End Sub Public Sub eee() For i% = 15 To 15 hasil9 = hasil9 + a(i%) hasil10 = hasil10 + b(i%) Next i% End Sub Public Sub fff() For i% = 16 To 19 hasil11 = hasil11 + a(i%) hasil12 = hasil12 + b(i%) Next i% End Sub Public Sub Neraca_nitrogen() If DAS = 10 Or DAS = 90 Then pupukNH4 = pupuk / 2 Else pupukNH4 = 0 NH4 = NH4 + pupukNH4 vola1 = vola1 + pupukNH4 - vola2 vola2 = 0.015 * vola1 Tvola = Tvola + vola2
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'konsentrasi nitrat dan amonium: If (swc + perc) > 0 Then NO3c = NO3 / (swc + perc) Else NO3c = 0 If (swc + perc) > 0 Then NH4c = NH4 / (swc + perc) Else NH4c = 0 Nminc = NO3c + NH4c 'Mineralisasi : rwf = -0.039 + 1.02 * swc / FC1 'amonifikasi: dNH4 = kam * Q10 * OM 'leaching: If swc >= WP1 Then If runoff <= 0 Then leach = 0 Else leach = NO3 * runoff / (runoff + FC1) End If Else dNH4 = 0: rwf = 0: leach = 0 End If Tleaching = Tleaching + leach 'IF l=nlayer THEN leaching=leach(l) 'pengaruh pH: If pH < 5 Or pH > 8 Then rpH = 0 Else If pH <= 7 Then rpH = (pH - 5) / 2 Else rpH = 8 - pH End If 'nitrifikasi potensial: dNO3p = knit * NH4 'nitrifikasi aktual: If rwf <= rpH Then dNO3a = Q10 * dNO3p * rwf Else dNO3a = Q10 * dNO3p * rpH End If OM = OM - dNH4: NH4 = NH4 - dNO3a + dNH4 NO3 = NO3 - leach + dNO3a If NO3 < 0 Then NO3 = 0 Ttanah = (NO3 + NH4)
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'--------------------------------------------'Laju pengambilan N oleh tanaman tiap lapisan: '--------------------------------------------If NdemT > 0 Then Nuptmf = Tsa * Nminc Nupt = Nuptmf Else Nuptmf = 0: Nupt = 0 End If Nup = Nuptmf + Nupt If Nup > NdemT Then Nup = NdemT End If '--------------------------------'Total pengambilan N oleh tanaman: '--------------------------------If Nup > (NH4 + NO3) Then Nup = (NH4 + NO3): NH4 = 0: NO3 = 0 End If If (NO3 + NH4) > 0 Then NO3 = NO3 - Nup * NO3 / (NO3 + NH4) NH4 = NH4 - Nup * NH4 / (NO3 + NH4) Else NO3 = 0: NH4 = 0 End If TNup = TNup + Nup End Sub 'Kandungan N (kg/ha) tiap organ : If s < 0.25 Then GoTo semai 'Translokasi N dari Daun/Batang ke Biji: If dLW < 0 And NactL > 1 Then NLtrans = -dLW * (NactL - 1) / 100 Else NLtrans = 0 If dSW < 0 And NactS > 1 Then NStrans = -dSW * (NactS - 1) / 100 Else NStrans = 0 'Jumlah N tersedia : Npool = Nup + NLtrans + NStrans If Npool < 0 Then Npool = 0 If s > 0.75 Then GoTo pengisian 'Konsentrasi maksimum :
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NmaxL = 7 - 10 * (s - 0.25) NmaxS = 5 - 6 * (s - 0.25) NmaxR = 5 - 6 * (s - 0.25) 'Kebutuhan N organ vegetatif : If dLW > 0 And NmaxL > NactL Then NdemL = dLW * NmaxL / 100 Else NdemL = 0 If dSW > 0 And NmaxS > NactS Then NdemS = dSW * NmaxS / 100 Else NdemS = 0 If dRW > 0 And NmaxR > NactR Then NdemR = dRW * NmaxR / 100 Else NdemR = 0 'Total Kebutuhan N organ vegetatif : NdemT = NdemL + NdemS + NdemR If NdemT > 0 And s <= 0.75 Then NL = NL + (NdemL / NdemT) * Npool - NLtrans NS = NS + (NdemS / NdemT) * Npool - NStrans NR = NR + (NdemR / NdemT) * Npool End If GoTo konsentrasi pengisian: NmaxL = 3.77: NmaxS = 1.5: NmaxR = 0.99 NL = NL - NLtrans: NS = NS - NStrans If Npool > NdemG Then dNsur = Npool - NdemG: NdemT = 0 Else dNsur = 0: NdemT = NdemG - Npool End If NG = NG + Npool - dNsur If GW > 0 Then NactG = NG / GW * 100 If NactG > 3 Then NactG = 3 NdemG = (3 - NactG) * GW / 100 Else NactG = 0: NdemG = 0 End If konsentrasi: If NL < 0 Then NL = 0: If NS < 0 Then NS = 0 If NR < 0 Then NR = 0: If NG < 0 Then NG = 0 NT = NL + NS + NR + NG
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If LW > 0 Then NactL = NL / LW * 100: If SW > 0 Then NactS = NS / SW * 100 If RW > 0 Then NactR = NR / RW * 100 If NactL < 1 Then NactL = 1: If NactS < 1 Then NactS = 1: If NactR < 1 Then NactR = 1 If NactL > NmaxL Then NactL = NmaxL If NactS > NmaxS Then NactS = NmaxS If NactR > NmaxR Then NactR = NmaxR GoTo balik semai: NL = NactL * LW / 100: NS = NactS * SW / 100 NR = NactR * RW / 100: NG = NactG * GW / 100 balik: End Sub
Catatan Khusus: Ucapatan terimakasih ditujukan kepada Ir. I Putu Santikayasa, M.Sc. atas bantuannya dalam memberikan sentuhan akhir dari program ini.
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Lampiran 10. Uji t berpasangan antara model dan pengukuran percobaan II No.
Peubah
I.
Submodel Perkembangan
II.
Submodel Pertumbuhan
III.
IV
Nitrogen N0 t0.05 t0.025 tn tn
N1 t0.05 tn
t0.025 tn
t0.05 tn
N2 t0.025 tn
N3 t0.05 t0.025 tn tn
P1 t0.05 tn
AGB
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
*
tn
tn
ILD
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
KAT
*
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
*
tn
tn
ETa
*
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
*
tn
tn
AGN
*
tn
*
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
N-tanah
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
tn
Submodel Neraca Air
Submodel Nitrogen
Rata-rata
175
Lampiran 11. Daftar simbol dalam diagram Forrester dan bahasa program (a) (b) Deskripsi 1. Peubah keadaan (state variable) LW WLeaf berat daun SW WStem berat batang RW WRoot berat akar GW WGrain berat biji AGB biomassa di atas tanah
kg ha-1 kg ha-1 kg ha-1 kg ha-1 kg ha-1
Nl Ns Nr Ng Nres
Nl Ng Nr Ng Nres
kandungan nitrogen daun kandungan nitrogen batang kandungan nitrogen akar kandungan nitrogen biji kandungan nitrogen tersisa
kg ha-1 kg ha-1 kg ha-1 kg ha-1 kg ha-1
NO3(1)
NO3(l)
kg ha-1
NH4(l)
NH4(l)
OM(1)
On(1)
nitrogen nitrat dalam tanah pada lapisan m nitrogen amonium dalam tanah pada lapisan m nitrogen organik dalam tanah pada lapiran m
swc(1)
θ(1)
kandungan air tanah pada lapisan l (mm)
mm
2. Laju aliran GDMa GDMa GDMp GDMp dLW dLW dSW dSW dRW dGW dRes
laju produksi biomassa aktual laju produksi biomassa potensial pertumbuhan daun harian pertumbuhan batang harian pertumbuhan akar harian pertumbuhan biji harian laju pertukaran cadangan batang
kg ha-1 d-1 kg ha-1 d-1 kg ha-1 d-1 kg ha-1 d-1 kg ha-1 d-1 kg ha-1 d-1 kg ha-1 d-1
RmL RmS RmR RmG
respirasi pemeliharaan daun respirasi pemeliharaan batang respirasi pemeliharaan akar respirasi pemeliharaan biji
kg ha-1 d-1 kg ha-1 d-1 kg ha-1 d-1 kg ha-1 d-1
SenesS
pelayuan batang
kg ha-1 d-1
evapotranspirasi potensial evapotranspirasi maksimum evaporasi tanah maksimum evaporasi tanah aktual transpirasi aktual
mm d-1 mm d-1 mm d-1 mm d-1 mm d-1
ETp ETm Em Ea Ta
ETp ETm Em Ea Ta
Satuan
kg ha-1 kg ha-1
176
(a)
(b)
Deskripsi
Satuan mm d-1 mm d-1 mm d-1
Fint Inf Perc(1)
Ic Is Pc(1)
intersepsi tajuk infiltrasi perkolasi dari lapisan 1
Nup Nupt(1) Nupmf(1)
Nup NupT(l) Nuomf(1)
serapan nitrogen tanaman kg ha-1 d-1 serapan nitrogen tanaman dari lapisan 1 kg ha-1 d-1 serapan N oleh aliran massa dari lapisan 1 kg ha-1 d-1
dNH4(1) dNO3p(1) dNO3a(1) vola1 or 2 leach
dNH4(1) laju amonifikasi dalam lapisan 1 dNO3p(1) laju nitrifikasi potensial dalam lapisan 1 dNO3a(1) laju nitrifikasi aktual dalam lapisan 1 laju volatilisasi LNO3(1) pencucian N dari lapisan 1
kg ha-1 d-1 kg ha-1 d-1 kg ha-1 d-1 kg ha-1 d-1 kg ha-1 d-1
3. Peubah bantu dan populasi dlen p panjang hari ILD ILD indeks luas daun Grno NG jumlah biji rdepth r kedalaman akar s s fase perkembangan tanaman wdf fw status air tanaman yang mempengaruhi fotosintesis ndf ndf status N tanaman yang mempengaruhi fotosintesis rwf(1) fθ(1) kandungan air tanah yang menentukan laju nitrifikasi dalam lapisan 1 rpH(1) fpH(1) faktor diperhitungkan dari pH pada nitrifikasi dalam lapisan 1 pL ηl koefisien partisi daun pS ηs koefisien partisi batang NO3c(1) NO3c(1) konsentrasi nitrogen nitrat dalam lapisan 1 NactL NactL konsentrasi N daun NactS NactS konsentrasi N batang NactR NactR konsentrasi N akar NactG NactG konsentrasi N biji NmaxL NmaxL konsentrasi N maksimum daun NmaxS NmaxS konsentrasi N maksimum batang NmaxR NmaxR konsentrasi N maksimum akar NmaxG NmaxG konsentrasi N maksimum biji
kg N ha-1 mm-1 % % % % % % % %
NdemL NdemS NdemR NdemG
kg ha-1 kg ha-1 kg ha-1 kg ha-1
NdemL NdemS NdemR NdemG
kebutuhan nitrogen daun kebutuhan nitrogen batang kebutuhan nitrogen akar kebutuhan nitrogen biji
h mm -
177
(a) NdemT vpd delta fl
(b) NdemT (es-ea) ∆ f(u)
Deskripsi total kebutuhan nitrogen defisit tekanan uap air gradien tekanan uap jenuh dan suhu udara fungsi angin untuk menghitung ETp
Satuan kg ha-1 mb Pa K-1 MJ m-2 Pa-1
4. Peubah luar sol Q0 rain CH T T RH angin u pupukNO3 FNO3 pupukNH4 FNH4
radiasi surya curah hujan suhu udara kelembapan relatif kecepatan angin pupuk nitrogen dalam bentuk NO3 pupuk nitrogen dalam bentuk NH4
MJ m-2 d-1 mm °C % km h-1 kg ha-1 kg ha-1
5. Parameter T0 HU RUE SLNitrogen WP(1) FC(1) z1(1) z2(l) dlayer(1) nlayer U alpha pH k kg km kam knit lat gamma lhv
U α pH k kg km kam knit Φ γ λ
suhu dasar satuan kalor efisiensi penggunaan radiasi surya nitrogen daun spesifik titik layu permanen kapasitas lapang kedalaman pada atas lapisan 1 kedalaman pada bawah lapisan 1 kedalaman lapisan 1 jumlah lapisan tanah konstanta evaporasi tanah tahap 1 konstanta evaporasi tanah rahap 2 pH tanah koefisien pemadaman koefisien respirasi pertumbuhan koefisien respirasi pemeliharaan konstanta laju amonifikasi konstanta laju nitrifikasi lintang konstantas psikrometrik bahang laten penguapan
dair cp
-
kerapatan uap air kapasitas bahang dari udara
°C d°C kg ha-1 kg ha-1 mm mm mm mm mm mm mm d-1 d-1 (°) 66.1 Pa K-1 2 454 MJ kg-1 1.42 kg m-3 1 010 J kg-1 K-1
T0 HU ε SLN θwp(1) θfc(1) z1(1) z2(l)
