KUMPULAN PENELITIAN TRIWIBOWO A. GARJITO
ANALYSIS OF Schistosoma japonicum GLUTHATION S TRANSFERASE (Sj26GST) FROM ENDEMIC AREAS, NAPU AND LINDU CENTRAL SULAWESI
Anis Nurwidayati1, Triwibowo AG1, Phetisya Pamela FS1, Risti1
ABSTRACT
Schistosomiasis in Indonesia are found in Napu and Lindu highland, Central Sulawesi. Schistosomiasis still a public health problem which its prevalence increase every year. The large scale treatment by mass chemotherapy using praziquantel was done to reduce the prevalence of schistosomiasis since 1980. The objective of this study was to look for possible evidence of the development of resistance in Schistosoma japonicum to praziquantel in endemic areas. Field study was conducted in endemic areas Napu and Lindu. All of the 80 stool-positive subjects in Napu and 60 stool-positive subjects in Lindu, were treated with a single dose of 60 mg/kg of praziquantel. Three weeks after treatment, all of the subjects were examined again using the same stool examination. Moleculer laboratory study was also conducted to analyse the sequences of S.japonicum gluthation s transferase gene (Sj26GST). The results showed that on three weeks examination after treatment, stool-negative results were found in all subjects which represents a 100% parasitologic cure rate. All stool samples were re-examined six, nine, and 12 weeks after the first treatment and no stool-positive subjects were found. The gene sequences analysis showed that the homology was very high between isolate from Indonesia and several isolates from China that known still susceptible to praziquantel. From the results indicate that there was no evidence for reduced susceptibility of S.japonicum to praziquantel despite its extensive use in the endemic areas of Napu and Lindu for more than 20 years. Keywords: drug resistance, Indonesia, praziquantel, Schistosoma japonicum, schistosomiasis Correspondence : Anis Nurwidayati, Vector Borne Diseases Research Unit Donggala, NIHRD. E-mail:
[email protected]. HP (081328848488).
1. 2.
Vector Borne Diseases Research Unit Donggala, NIHRD, Ministry of Health RI Center for Research and Development of Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine Tawangmangu, NIHRD, Ministry of Health RI
DAFTAR TIM PENELITI
Ketua Pelaksana : Anis Nurwidayati, S.Si, M.Sc Anggota Tim Pelaksana Penelitian : Triwibowo, AG, S.Si, M.Kes Phetisya Pamela FS Risti Sumber Dana : DIPA Balai Litbang P2B2 Donggala 2011 Waktu Penelitian : April – November 2011
Korespodensi : Balai Litbang P2B2 Donggala Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Departemen Kesehatan RI Alamat : Labuan Panimba, Labuan, Donggala, Sulawesi Tengah 94352 Telepon : +62-451-4709839 +62-813-28-848488 (Anis) Faximile : +62-451-492007 e-mail :
[email protected] (anis)
[email protected]
STUDY OF LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS IN THE RURAL COMMUNITY ON BANGGAI AND PARIGI-MOUTONG DISTRICT, CENTRAL SULAWESI, INDONESIA Triwibowo A. Garjito, Sudomo, M., ABSTRACT In Central Sulawesi, Lymphatic Filariasis has been scattered in almost of the district. From 1976 to 2002 there have been 210 filarial surveys conducted in five districts. The microfilaraemia rate found during this period ranged from 0% to 32.35%. Poso, Banggai and Parigi-Moutong districts were reported as the higher endemic of LF. Those present prevalence are 2.38%, 4.22% and 24.82% respectively. The filarial parasites W. bancrofti and B. malayi were reported is endemic in Central Sulawesi. W. bancrofti infection occurs in the coastal area, while B. malayi infection can be found both in hilly and coastal area. So far, there is no information about lymphatic filariasis that caused by B. timori infection in this area. 10 Study was carried out on May to November 2005 in 9 villages on Banggai and Parigi-Moutong District, Central Sulawesi. In time of study, 1.250 individuals were examined in 7 villages with finger prick night blood survey for W. bancrofti infection and only 2 microfilaria carries were detected. Bancroftian filariasasis was detected in two villages (Dongin and Bone Bae) in coastal area, Banggai district. In Parigi-Moutong district, 207 individuals were examined with the same method in 2 villages (Pangku-Tolole and Lemusa) for B. malayi and B. timori infection. Twenty eight mix B. malayi and B. timori mf-positive persons in Pangku-Tolole village were detected found in one village (Pangku-Tolole) surrounding by rice field, cacao and coconut plantation. An. barbirostris was detected as the filariasis vector during the study period (with the infection rate 10%). Four microfilaria carriers of mix B. malayi were examined for periodicity study. Two of the cases showed sub-periodic circadian form and the other showed sub-periodic form.. In the mosquito’s survey is reported An. barbirostris are found to be infected with filarial with moderate rate s of filarial infection (10%).
More than 10% of the 123 households were includes in the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Filariasis. The result showed that most of the respondents are native to the area having stayed there since birth. The mean reported monthly household income was Rp. 290.187,5,-). More than Seventy one percent (71.25%) of the respondents know about filariasis and 37.5% know on the cause of the disease. Fewer than 7% (6.35%) of the people interviewed knew that LF resulted from the bites of (infected) mosquitoes. In this investigation, interviewees have given spiritual as the causes of elephantiasis.
1 2
Vector Borne Disease Research Unit Donggala, NIHRD, Ministry of Health RI Center of Health Ecology Research Institute, NIHRD, Ministry of Health RI
DAFTAR TIM PENELITI
Ketua Pelaksana : Triwibowo Ambar Garjito, S.Si Anggota Tim Pelaksana Penelitian : Jastal, SKM, M.Si. dr. Hariadi, M.Kes I Made Suyasna, SE. Rosmini, SKM Hayani Anastasia, SKM Fitria Rinawati, S.Si Sumardi Yudith Labatjo Samarang Yusran Udin Anggota Tim Kabupaten: I Gede Widiada, S.Sos. (Kabupaten Parigi Moutong) Jeferson Supari, S.Sos. (Kabupaten Banggai) Konsultan : DR. Muhammad Sudomo, APU. Sumber Dana : Badan Litbang Kesehatan 2005 Waktu Penelitian : Mei – November 2005 Korespodensi : Loka Litbang P2B2 Donggala Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Departemen Kesehatan RI Alamat : Labuan Panimba, Labuan, Donggala, Sulawesi Tengah 94352 Telepon : +62-812-41-63712 (triwibowo) e-mail :
[email protected];
[email protected]
ANALISIS SPASIAL EPIDEMIOLOGI SCHISTOSOMIASIS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PENGINDERAAN JAUH DAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS DI SULAWESI TENGAH Jastal1, Mujiyanto1, Triwibowo A. G.1, Hayani A. 1, St.Chadijah1, Agus N1, Anis N. 1,Veridyana1, Yunus w. 1, Yusran U. 1, Samarang1, Rosmini1, Oktaviani1, Yuyun S. 1, Leonardo T. L. 1, Risti, Malonda M. 1, Puryadi1, Yudit L. 1, Ade K. 1, Nengsi1, Halimuddin1, Andi Tenriangka1, Tior N. P. 1, M. Dahlan2, Badolahi3, Yonathan3, Didimus3, Iper3, Kaleb3, Ramona3, Aswin4, , Amos4, Arief4, Pinus4, Refli I.,4 Intan4, Asri5, Rachmad6 , Fendik7
Abstrak Analisis spasial epidemiologi schistosomiasis menggunakan penginderaan jau dengan sistem informasi geografis merupakan bagian dari pemantauan faktor resiko yang mencakup penyebaran kasus, fokus dan tikus sebagai salah satu reservoir Schistosoma javonicum serta situasi lingkungan didaerah endemis schistosomiasis. Semua kasus, fokus dan tikus positif yang tertangkap dipetakan dengan menggunakan GPS seri GPSMap 76 CSx, dengan menentukan posisi (waypoint) dan selanjutnya diolah dengan menggunakan citra satelit secara digital. Penggunaan citra satelit di ketiga wilayah Dataran Tinggi tersebut meluputi citra quickbird, citra ikonos, citra spot, citra Landsat ETM+ dan citra radar SRTM. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian derkriptif dengan desain cross sectional study, bertujuan untuk menyediakan basis data dan peta distribusi fokus, kasus dan reservoir yang dapat digunakan sebagai SIG dalam pengendalian schistosomiasis. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama sembilan bulan di Sulawesi Tengah yang mencakup wilayah Dataran Tinggi Lindu Kabupaten Donggala dan Dataran Tinggi Napu dan Bada Kabupaten Poso. Penelitian ini terbagi atas tiga kelompok sampel yaitu a) sampel kasus adalah seluruh penduduk yang berusia diatas dua tahun di tempat penelitian, b) sampel fokus adalah seluruh fokus yang menjadi tempat berkembangnya Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis yang ditemukan di tempat penelitian dan c) sampel reservoir adalah seluruh tikus yang tertangkap di tempat penelitian. Hasil penelitian menujukkan prevalensi schistosomiasis di daerah yang pernah terkonfirmasi yaitu Dataran Tinggi Lindu dan Napu mengalami peningkatan menjadi masing-masing 2,11% dan 2,22%. Selain kedua daerah tersebut telah ditemukan daerah tertular baru yaitu Dataran Tinggi Bada dengan 5 kasus baru. Selain itu, juga ditemukan sebanyak 519 fokus dan 53 diantaranya merupakan fokus baru, sedangkan positif rate tikus tertangkap adalah 33,33%. Berdasarkan analisis citra satelit, distribusi fokus lebih banyak ditemukan pada daerah kemiringan lereng permukaan tanah yang basah dan pada daerah disekitar lahan yang terolah. Kata kunci: Analisis spasial, Schistosomiasis, citra satelit, SIG, Sulawesi Tengah 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Balai Litbang P2B2 Donggala, Dinkes Provinsi Sulteng, Dinkes Kabupaten Poso, Dinkes Kabupaten Donggala, Fakultas MIPA Universitas Tadulako Palu, Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan Politeknik Kesehatan Palu, Balai Besar Taman Nasional Lore Lindu
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS EPIDEMIOLOGY USING REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM IN CENTRAL SULAWESI Jastal1, Mujiyanto1, Triwibowo A.G. 1, Hayani A. 1, St. Chadijah1, Agus N. 1, Anis N. 1, Veridyana1, Yunus W. , Yusran U. 1, Samarang1, Rosmini1, Octaviani1, Yuyun S1, Leonardo T.L. 1, Risti1, Malonda M. 1, Puryadi1, Yudit L. 1, Ade K. 1, Ningsi1, Halimuddin1, A. Tenriangka1, Tiur N.P. 1, M.Dahlan2, Badolahi3, Yonathan3, Didimus3, Iper3, Kaleb3, Ramona3, Aswin4, Amos4, Pinus4, Arief4, Refli I. 4, Intan4, Asri5, Rachmad6, Pendik7 1
Abstract Spatial analysis of schistosomiasis epidemiology using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) is a part of the risk factor monitoring which are including distribution of cases, focuses, rats as reservoir of Schistosoma japonicum and the environment in endemic areas. All of the cases, focuses, and positive trapped rats were mapped by determining the waypoints by using GPSMap 76 CSx series and then they were processed by using satellite image digitally. The using of satellite image at three plateau (Napu, Lindu, and Bada) include Quickbird images, Ikonos images, SPOT images, Landsat ETM+ images and SRTM RADAR images. This research was descriptive with cross sectional study design. Thw objective of this research is to provide the data base and map distribution of focus areas, cases and reservoir that can be used as geographic information system in schistosomiasis control. This research was conducted in Lindu plateau Donggala Regency, Napu and Bada plateau, Poso Regency Central Sulawesi for nine months. This research was divided in three gropus of samples, those were a) case samples were people at research location by age two years old or more, b) foccus samples were all of focus areas where Oncomelania hupensis lindoensis population live that were found at research location, c) reservoir samples were all of the trapped rats at research location. The result shows that schistosomiasis prevalence in Napu and Lindu increase with prevalence rate 2.22% and 2.11%. Besides those two areas, new infected areas were found, that is Bada plateau, with nine new cases. This research also found 519 focus areas with 53 of them was new focus areas, while infection rate of trapped rats was 33.33%. Based on satellite image analysis, focus areas distribution were more found at the break of slope areas, which always wet, and around the cultivated land.
Keywords : spatial analysis, schistosomiasis, satellite images, GIS, Central Sulawesi 1
Balai Litbang P2B2 Donggala Dinkes Provinsi Sulteng 3 Dinkes Kabupaten Poso 4 Dinkes Kabupaten Donggala 5 Fakultas MIPA Universitas Tadulako Palu 6 Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan Politeknik Kesehatan Palu 7 Balai Besar Taman Nasional Lore Lindu 2
DAFTAR TIM PENELITI A. Tim Pakar
:
Dr. M. Sudomo, APU Barandi Sapta W, S.Si, M.Sc
(Ahli Schistosomiasis) (Ahli Pemetaan)
B. Tim Manejemen Ketua Anggota
C. Ketua Pelaksana
: :
Ningsi, S.Sos 1. Halimuddin 2. Tiurnidya Kristina P. 3. Andi Tenriangka
:
Jastal, SKM, M.Si
D. Koordinator Tim 1. 2. 3. 4.
Koordinator Pemetaan : Mujiyanto, S.Si Koordinator Survei Fokus : Triwibowo, A. Garjito, S.Si., M.Kes Koordinator Tim Survei Tinja : Hayani Anastasia, SKM Koordinator Tim Survei Reservoir : Sitti Chadijah, SKM, M.Si
Anggota
:
1. Yunus Widjaja, SKM 2. Yusran Udin, SKM 3. Made Agus Nurjana, SKM 4. Anis Nur Widayati, S.Si 5. Samarang, SKM 6. Rosmini, SKM 7. Ni Nyoman Veridiana, SKM 8. Ade Kurniawan 9. Octaviani 10. Yuyun Srikandi 11. Malonda Maksud 12. Leonardo Taruk Lobo 13. Puryadi 14. Risti 15. Yudith Labatjo 16. Nelvita 17. Iwan 18. Sastera 19. Wiwin 20. Isna 21. Rahman 22. Asri , S.Si, M.Si (Biologi, Untad Palu) 23. H. Dahlan (Dinkes. Prop. Sulteng) 24. Refli ( Dinkes, Kab. Donggala) 25. Badolahi, SKM (Dinkes, Kab Poso) 26. Edi Herianto,SKM, M.Kes (Dinkes. Kab. Poso) 27. Rahmat (Poltekkes Palu) 28. Fendik ( Balai Besar TNLL Palu) 29. drg. Didimus (Puskesmas Wuasa) 30. Kaleb Tonusu (Laboratorium Schistosomiasis Napu) 31. Ramona ((Laboratorium Schistosomiasis Napu)
32. Slamet, SKM (Puskesmas Lindu) 33. Arwin (Puskesmas Lindu) 34. Amos (Laboratorium Schistosomiasis Lindu) 35. Vinus (Laboratorium Schistosomiasis Lindu) 36. Moh.Arief (Laboratorium Schistosomiasis Lindu) 37. Intan (Laboratorium Schistosomiasis Lindu) 38. Iper (Puskesmas, Lengkeka, Lore Barat) 39. Yonathan (Puskesmas, Lengkeka, Lore Barat) 40. Yotham (Puskesmas Gintu, Lore Selatan)
ANALISIS TINGKAT KEPUASAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PELAYANAN KESEHATAN MENURUT TEMPAT LAYANAN DI SULAWESI TENGAH Samarang1, Triwibowo A. Garjito1, Ningsi1 Staf Loka Litbang P2B2 Donggala, badan Litbang Kesehatan, Dep. Kes. R.I. ABSTRAK Di Sulawesi Tengah fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan semakin beragam sehingga masyarakat mempunyai lebih banyak pilihan dalam upaya mencari pelayanan dan pemeliharaan kesehatan. Seperti Rumah Sakit (RS) pemerintah, RS swasta, RS Bersalin, Puskesmas, Poliklinik, praktek nakes, Pengobatan tradisional, dan lainnya. Untuk itu perlu diketahui tingkat kepuasan masyarakat pada pelayanan kesehatan rawat jalan dan rawat inap menurut tempat layanan kesehatan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara deskriptif dan analitik/komparatif dengan menggunakan analisis univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 14. Hasil dari análisis Secara umum menunjukkan bahwa responden yang menjalani rawat inap maupun rawat jalan merasa puas dengan pelayanan kesehatan yang diberikan oleh tempat layanan kesehatan baik negeri maupun swasta di Sulawesi Tengah tahun 2007. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara tingkat kepuasan pasein rawat jalan maupun rawat inap terhadap tempat pelayanan kesehatan. Sebagian besar masyarakat yang menggunakan tempat pelayanan pemerintah sudah merasa puas menunjukkan bahwa pelayanan di pelayanan pemerintah sudah lebih baik. Masih adanya masyarakat yang tidak puas dengan pelayanan tempat layanan kesehatan pemerintah, seperti rumah sakit pemerintah dan puskesmas menunjukkan masih perlu ada pembenahan untuk lebih meningkatkan tingkat pelayanan yang dapat memuaskan masyarakat
ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai aplikasi temephos (abate) 1 G di BTN Roviga, Kelurahan Tondo dan BTN Palupi, Kelurahan Palupi, Kota Palu sejak bulan Juni sampai Nopember 2005. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan cara mengaplikasikan temephos (abate) 1 G ke dalam reservoir air PDAM dan aplikasi langsung pada masyarakat. Hasil survey jentik menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi temephos dosis 5 kg ke dalam reservoir air PDAM memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap penurunan angka index jentik baik setelah satu minggu maupun setelah 4 minggu (p value 0,00 < 0,05 ; p value 0,03 < 0,05). Aplikasi temephos langsung pada masyarakat juga menunjukkan hal yang sama dengan p value 0,03 < 0,05. Di BTN Roviga, Kelurahan Tondo nyamuk Ae. aegypti mempunyai kecenderungan yang signifikan meletakkan telurnya di dalam rumah dibandingkan di luar rumah sedangkan di BTN Palupi, Kelurahan Palupi tidak signifikan.
Kata kunci : Temephos, Ae. aegypti, aplikasi, BTN Roviga, BTN Palupi
DAFTAR TIM PENELITI
Ketua Pelaksana : Rosmini, SKM Anggota Tim Pelaksanaan Penelitian : Triwibowo Ambar Garjito, S.Si Hayani Anastasia, SKM Yudith Labatjo Risti
Sumber Dana : DIPA Loka Litbang P2B2 Donggala 2005 Waktu Penelitian : Juni – November 2005
