DAFTAR
PUSTAKA
Abdullah, K., M.A. Dhalhar, dan K. Fujii, 1989. Matematika Terapan Dalam Keteknikan Pertanian. Program Studi ~eteknikan Pertanian Fakultas Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor
.
Asep, S., M.A.Dhalhar, dan S.Sudo. 1989, Relation between bulk density and moisture content in compaction test of several wet-paddy-field soils. Proceedings 2nd Joint Seminar on Agricultural Engineering and Technology, August 7-8, 1989, Bogor, JICA-DGHE/IPB Project/ADAElflTA-9a (132). Asep, S., M.A.Dhalhar, K.Fuji, S.Miyauchi dan S.Sudou. 1990. Penuntun pengukuran sifat-sifat fisik dan mekanik tanah. JICA-DGHE/IPB Project: JTA-ga(132). Astika, I., 1988. Mempelajari Pengaruh Pengolahan Tanah Terhadap Tahanan Penetrasi Tanah di Kebun Percobaan Darmaga IPB. Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian IPB Bogor. Skripsi. Ayers, P. D. 1987. Utilizing the torsional shear test to determine soil strength-properties relationships. Soil& Tillage Research, (10):373-380. Elsevier Science Publishers BV
.
1955. Principles of Farm Bainer, R:, R.A.Kepner, E.L.Barger Machinery. John Wiley & Sons,Inc,, New York. Baver, L.D. Wiley
&
1956. Soil Physics. Modern Asia Editions, John Sons, Inc., New York.
Baver, L.D., W.H.Gardner, dan W.R. Gardner 1972. Soil Physics John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,New York. Chancellor, W.J. 1971. Effects of compaction on soil strength. Compaction of Agricultural Soils, An ASAE Monograph, ASAE, Michigan. Chi,L. dan R.L.Kushwaha 1991. Three dimensional, finite element interaction between soil and simple tillage tool. Transactions of the ASAE, 34(21):361-366. Daywin, F.J., E.N.Sembiring, I.Hidayat, R.G.Sitompu1, dan K, Kito. 1989. Preliminary study on the relationship of soil moisture contents and Tractor capacities in dryland farming. Proceedings 2nd Joint Seminar on Agricultural Engineering and Technology,August 7-8, 1989, Bogor. JICA-DGHE /IPB Project/ADAET:JTA-ga(132). Daywin, F.J. 1991. Analisis Penggunaan Daya Traktor Beroda Ban Untuk Pembajakan Pada Tanah Berkadar Liat Tinggi. Program
Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. Desertasi. Durant, D.M., J.V.Perumpra1 dan C,S.Desai 1981. Soil bin test facility for soil-tillage tool interaction studies. Soil and illa age Research, (1):289-298. Gil1,W.R. dan G.E.Vanden Berg 1968. Soil Dynamics in Tillage and Traction. ~griculturalResearch Service, USDA. Glancey, J.L., S.K.Upadhyana, W.J. Chancellor dan J,W. Rumsey (1989). An Instrumented chisel for the study of soil tillage dynamics. Soil & Tillage Research 14:l-24. Gupta, P.D., C.P.Gupta, dan K.P.Pandey 1989. An analytical model for predicting draft forces on convex-type wide cutting blades. Soil & Tillage Research, (14):131-144. Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam. Harris,W.L. 1971. The Soil Compaction Process. Compaction of Agricultural Soils. American Society of Agricultural Engineers. An ASAE Monograph. Harrison, H,P. 1982. Soil reaction from laboratory studies with an inclined blade. Transactions of the ASAE, 7-12. ~endrick,J.G. dan A.C.Bailey 1982. Determining components of soil-metal sliding resistance. Transaction of the ASAE. Hettiaratchi,D.R.P. dan J.R.O'Callaghan 1980. Mechanical behaviour of agricultural soil. J.Agric.Engng.~es. 25(3): 239-259. Hogure K.,H.Yamaguchi dan Y.Ohira 1988. Comparison of strength and soil thrust characteristics among different soil shear tests. J. of terramechanics, 25(3):201-221. Hopfen, H. J. 1969. Farm implements for arid and tropical regions. FA0 of the United Nations, Rome. Hunt, D. 1973. Farm Power and Machinery Management. Iowa State University Press, AMES, IOWA. Karafiath, L.L. dan E.A.Nowatzki 1978. Soil Mechanics for OffRoad Vehicle Engineering. Series on Rock and Soil Mechanics, Trans Tech Publications, Claustha1,Germany. Kepner, R.A., R.Bainer dan E.L.Barger 1978. Principles of Farm Machinery. AVI Publishing Coy.,Inc.,Westport, Connecticut. Koga, K. 1991. Soil Compaction in Agricultural Land Development. Agricultural land and Water Development Program,
Asian Institut of Technology, Bangkok. Koolen, A.J., 1977. Soil Loosening Processes in Tillage Analysis, Systematics and Predictability. H.Veenman & Zonen B.V., Wageningen. Koolen, A.J.,dan H.Kuipers 1983. Agricultural Soil Mechanics. Springer Verlag, Berlin. Lambe,T.W. 1951. Soil testing for engineers. John Wiley Inc. New York.
&
Sons
McKyes, E. 1978. The calculation of draft forces and failure boundaries of narrow cutting blades. Transactions of the ASAE, 20-24. McKyes, E. 1985. Soil Cutting and Tillage, Developments in Agricultural Engineering 7. Elsevier, Amsterdam. McKyes, E. 1989. Agricultural Engineering Soil Mechanics. Elsevier, Tokyo. Nishimura,I., T.Mandang, dan B.M.D.Simaremare 1992. Study on soil-machine interaction-studies on soil failure intillage by linear blade using soil bin system. Jurnal Teknik Pertanian, Perhimpunan Teknik Pertanian, 2(1):10-19.
.....
Nishimura I.! T.Mandang, dan I.Noor. Some obervation of soil failure by linear blade. Several problem in the farm mechanization. JICA-DGHE/IPB Project/ADAET: JTA-ga(132). Noor, I., 1993. Analisis Kebutuhan Draft Pengolahan Tanah Sawah Pasang Surut Dengan Menggunakan Soil-Bin. Program Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Tesis. Rajaram, G. 1990. Collapse failure in dry clay soil caused by tine implements. Journal of Terramechanics, 27(2):69-78. Rajaram, G. dan Gee-Clough 1988. Force-distance behaviourtine implements. J. Agric. Engng. Researchs, 41:31-98. Reaves,C.A. 1966. Artifisial soil simulate natural soil in tillage studies, Transactions of the ASAE, 9(2):147-150. Richey,C.B., P.Jacobson, dan C.W.Hal1 1961. Agricultural Engineer's Handbook. McGraw-Hill Book Company,Inc., New York. Richey,S.B., A.K.Srivastava, dan L.J.Segerlind 1989. The Use of three dimensional computer graphics to design mouldboard plough surfaces. J. Agric. Engng. Research, 43:245258.
Stafford, J. V. 1981. An Application of critical state soil mechanics: The performance of rigid tines. J. Agric. Engng. Research., 26(5):387-401 Soedarm0,H.D.H.. dan P.Djojoprawiro. 1988. Fisika Tanah Dasar. Jurusan Konservasi Tanah dan Air, Fakultas Pertanian, ~nstitutPertanian Bogor. Sudou,S. 1990. Soil Mechanics. JICA-DGHE/IPB Project (ADAET): JTA - 9a (132) Suministrado, D.C., M.Koike, T.Konaka, S.Yuzawa, dan 1.Kuroishi, 1990. Prediction of soil reaction forces on a moldboard plow surface. Journal of Terramechanics, 27(4):307320. Swick,W.C. dan J.V.Perumpra1 1988. A Model for predicting soil-tool interaction. Journal of Terramechanics, 25(1):4356. Terzaghi,K. dan R.B.Peck 1948. Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice. John Wiley & Sons,Inc.,New York. Tschebotarioff G.P. 1951. Soil Mechanics, Foundations, and Earth Structures. International Student Edition,McGrawHill Book Company, Inc., Tokyo. Tuma, J.J. dan M. Abdel-Hady, 1973. Engineering Soil Mechanics. Prentice-Hall, INC., Englewood, New Jersey. Upadhyana, S.K.,T.X.Ma, W.J.Chancellor dan Y.M.Zhao 1987. ~ynamicsof soil-tool interaction. Soil & Tillage Research, 9:187-206. Wesley,D.D. 1973. Mekanika Tanah. Badan Penerbit Pekerjaan Umum, Bandung. ~amazaki,M.,S.Masuda,dan T.Tanaka, 1972. Similitude study of soil- machine system. Technical Report No.1. Farm Power & Machinery Laboratory, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. Yong, R.N. dan B.P. Warkentin, 1966. Introduction to Soil Behaviour. The Macmillan Company, New York. Yong, R.N. dan B.P. Warkentin, 1975. Soil Properties and Behaviour. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam.
LAMPIRAN
-
LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 - Tabel pengukuran stress di permukaan atas dan dasar bak tanah diakhir 120 detik pembebanan sebesar 300 kPa.
019
46.6
1.389
210.99
228.9
172.12
112.44
94.413
120.22
204
023
46.3
1.468
196.77
215.8
174.63
10fi.07
106.85
115.68
195.73
109.2
KADAR AIR 30
109.02
-
- 40 t
Rataan
221.08
239.99
202.97
122.69
124.82
137.64
221.35
128.38
S.D.
9.4115
14.659
16.034
8.1819
7.2648
5.3562
7.8855
4.2758
C.V.
4.257
6.1082
7.9
6.6686
5.8202
3.8915
3.5625
3.3304
HAXIIOH
243.75
263.19
245.04
137.03
134.69
145.89
239.86
136.63
HINIllOn
202.24
219.16
176.56
100.74
109.76
126.59
211.97
120.51
204.52
223.01
186.1
115.31
116.14
129.7
204.54
120.39
S.D.
17.165
12.362
9.4868
12.332
11.73
15.276
9.8536
11.643
C.V.
8.3928
5.5431
5.0977
10.695
10.1
11.777
4.8174
9.6717
HAXII(UI(
238.48
252.52
199.33
142.7
135.85
165.09
220.23
145.13
HINII(UI(
177.77
203.51
172.12
94.824
94.413
1W.55
189.44
105.24
212.8
231.5
194.53
119
120.48
133.67
212.95
124.38
S.D.
16.131
15.999
15.642
11.097
10.678
12.114
12.257
9.6394
C.V.
7.5803
6.9108
8.0409
9.3247
8.8627
9.0628
5.7561
7.7496
HAXI#UW.
243.75
263.19
245.04
142.7
135.85
165.09
239.86
145.13
HINIJKIH
177.77
203.51
172.12
94.824
94.413
105.55
189.44
105.24
WAR AIR 40
- 50 1
Rataan
I
SEUlROH CONTOE
Rataan
-
Keteranqan: KA(db) = kadar air basis kering WBD = kerapatan curah basis basah UP1 = stress pada penukaan atas (sensor 1) UP2 = stress pada penukaan atas (sensor 2) UP3 = stress pada perrukaan atas (sensor 3) Lo1 = stress pada dasar bak tanah (sensor 1) lA2 = stress pada dasar bak tanab (sensor 2) Lo3 = stress pada dasar bak tanab (sensor 3) - stress rata-rata penukaan atas UP - stress rata-rata dasar bak tanah LO S.D. = standard deviasi C.V. = coef isien variasi
*
.
n ur G
;
~P d ;
mW e d d - -
O
o
m s ~ n " D ? ? 0 m N m w m -
-- .
m
~
<
~
~
\
.
. . . . . I D
-
D -
.
O
O
O D
W
r
D 1
n
0
1
O
D
5 2 z m z
-
t-.
S=
am pi ran 3. Tabel data pengukuran kerapatan curah (bulk density).
Keteranqan : KA(db) = kadar air basis kerinq BD(db) = kerapatan curah, basis kerinq, qlcm3 BD(ub) = kerapatan curah, basis basah ,q/m3
N
e
""f w N Z
e
Z
-
n
S n
-
s n; CCI
Lampiran 5. Tabel data pengukuran uji uniaxial.
Lampiran 5 - (lanjutan)
0.30
2.09
75
60
0.28
27.43
1.73
361.93
0.31
2.10
75
60
0.28
27.54
1.73
363.32
1.40
70
50
0.25
25.00
1.19
167.22
0.34
.
Lampiran 6. Gambar grafik pengukuran tekanan normal pada permukaan lempeng pengolah tanah,
I
LNI
+
LN2
0
LN3
A
LN4
Gambar 5.1. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah (V = 20 mm/dt; D = 15 cm; KA = 39 % ) .
1.1 WAKTU PEMXM4TAN, dt
I
0
LN1
+
LNZ
0
LN3
1).
LFH
Gambar 5.2. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah (V = 20 mm/dt; D = 17.5 cm; KA = 38.7 % ) .
I
Lampiran 6. (lanjutan) I 280 r
1
I
I
0
I
0
LN1
+
LN2
0
LN3
A
LN4
Gambar 5.3. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah
LNl
+
LNZ
O
LN3
A
LN4
Gambar 5.4. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah (V = 2 5 mm/dt; D = 15 cm; 37.8 % ) .
I
I
Lampiran 6. (lanjutan) r 240 ,
IGambar
IGambar
1 1
LNI
+
LN2
0
LN3
a
IN4
I
5.5. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah ( V = 25 mm/dt; D = 17.5 cm; KA = 36.4 2 ) .
0
LNI
+
LNZ
0
LN3
A
LN4
5.6. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah (V = 25 nuu/dt; D = 20 cn; M = 36.6 0 ) .
I
Lampiran 6. (lanjutan)
1
II
120
I
WAYTU PENtAMATAN,
dt
+ LN2 0 LN3 A LN4 Gambar 5.7. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah (V = 30 mm/dt; D = 15 cm; KA = 36.2 % ) . LNI
WAKTU PENCAMATAN.
bt
+ LN2 0 LN3 A LN4 Gambar 5.8. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah (V = 30 mm/dt; D = 17.5 cm; KA = 35.9 % ) . LNI
I
I
Lampiran 6. (lanjutan) r
350
11
r
300
250
fi
1P
200
i
150
C
100
50
0
WAKTU PENCAMATAN,
df
+ LN2 0 LN3 A LN4 Gambar 5.9. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah (V = 30 mm/dt; D = 20 cm; KA = 36.8 % ) . 0
LNI
0
LNI
70
60
g
% $
k'
50
40
30
20
10
0
WACIW PENCAMATAN, dt
+
LNZ
0
LN3
4
LN4
Gambar 5.10. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah (V = 35 mm/dt; D = 15 cm; KA = 35 % ) .
Lampiran 6. (lanjutan)
LNI
+
LN2
0
LN3
4
LN4
i
Gambar 5.11. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah (V = 35 mm/dt; D = 17.5 cm; KA = 30.5 2 ) .
0
LNI
+
LN2
0
LN3
A
LN4
Gambar 5.12. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah (V = 35 mm/dt; D = 20 an; KA = 36.3 2 ) .
I
Lampiran 6. (lanjutan)
IGambar
WAKTU PENGALIATAN.
0
LN1
+
LN2
0
bt
LN3
A
LN4
5.13. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah (V = 40 mm/dt; D = 15 cm; KA = 34 % ) .
70
60
Q
d
H
so
40 30
I-
20
10
0
0
2
4
6
t3
WAKTU PENCAMATAN, dt
+ LN2 0 LN3 A LN4 Gambar 5.14. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah (V = 40 mm/dt; D = 17.5 cm; KA = 30 8 ) . 0
LNI
I
Lampiran 6. (lanjutan)
162
WCYCN
fENWWTCr((W'IK)
- U(I ..... UQ ... U@ -- LN4 Gambar 5.15. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah (V = 40 mm/dt; D = 20 em; KA = 36 % ) .
400
-
300
-
200
-
'loo
-
0 -
I
I
I
WAKTU PENGNMTAN, dt LNI
+
LN2
0
LN3
A
LN4
Gambar 5.16. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah (V = 20 mm/dt; D = 15 cm; KA = 4 2 . 7 % ) .
I
Lampiran 6. (lanjutan)
I I
163
WAKTU PENOAMATAN, d t LNI
+ L N 2
O L N 3
A
LN4
I I
Gambar 5.17. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah (V = 20 mm/dt; D = 17.5 cm; KA = 43.1 % ) .
I
LN1
+
LN2
0
LN3
A
LN4
Gambar 5.18. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah (V = 20 mm/dt; D = 20 cm; KA = 42.7 % ) .
I
Lampiran 6. (lanjutan)
1
0
164
LNI
+
LN2
0
LN3
A
LN4
1
Gambar 5.19. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah (V = 25 mm/dt; D = 15 cm; KA = 43.5 % ) .
WAKTU PENCAMATAN,
dt
+ LN2 0 LN3 A LN4 Gambar 5.20, Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah (V = 25 mm/dt; 17.5 cm; KA = 41.9 % ) . LNI
I
Lampiran 6. (lanjutan)
IGambar
I
165
LNI
+
LN2
LN3
0
5.21. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah ( V = 25 mm/dt; D = 20 cm; KA = 41 % ) .
WAKTU PENGAMTAN,
LNI
+
LN2
0
dt
LN3
A
LN4
Gambar 5.22. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah (V = 30 mm/dt; D = 15 cm; KA = 43.2 % ) .
I
Lampiran 6. (lanjutan)
166
mTCr((DETrK) - LN1W(N ..... . .. -- u'4 ,JQ
"Q
Gambar 5.23. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah ( V = 30 mm/dt; D = 17.5 cm; KA = 40.6 % ) .
0
2
6
4
W A M U PENCWTAN.
I
O L N I
+ L N 2
0
dt
LN3
A
LN4
Gambar 5.24. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah (V = 30 mm/dt; D = 20 cm; KA = 44.9 % ) .
Lampiran 6. (lanjutan)
I
WAKTU PENSAMATAN, d t
I
.
+ LN2 0 LN3 A LN4 Gambar 5.25. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah (V = 35 mm/dt; D = 15 cm; KA = 45.8 % ) . LNI
WAKTU PEMAMATAN,
dt
+ LN2 0 LN3 A LN4 Gambar 5.26. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah (V = 35 mm/dt; D = 17.5 em; KA = 46.6 % ) . O
LNI
I I
6. (lanjutan) 2130
,
II
I
260 240
-
200 ieo 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 -
220
20 WAKTU PEffiAlrlATAN, bt
+ LN2 0 LN3 A LN4 Gambar 5.27. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah ( V = 35 mm/dt; D = 20 cm; KA = 47.5 % ) . LNI
IGambar
0
LNI
+
LN2
0
LN3
A
LN4
5.28. Tekanan normal pada lempeng (V = 40 mm/dt; D = 15 cm; KA = 46.2 % ) .
I
I
Lampiran 6. (lanjutan) I
II
340
I 0
IGambar
I
I
I
I
I
I
8
4
WAKTU P E W T A N .
I
8
dt
0 LNI + LN2 0 LN3 a IN4 5.29. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah ( V = 40 m/dti D = 17.5 cm; KA = 46.6 b).
I
1Gambar
I
2
I
WAKTU PENGAMATAN, dt LNI
+
LN2
0
LN3
I
A
LN4
5.30. Tekanan normal pada lempeng pengolah tanah ( V = 40 mm/dt; D = 20 cm; KA = 46.3 % ) .
I
am pi ran 7. Tabel tekanan pada permukaan alat pengolah tanah.
I
No.
I
Contoh
LN 1
1
LN 2
1
1
LN4
027
VlDl
379.69
255.93
200.99
84.57
030
V2D1
261.98
124.3
105.25
56
025
V3D1
243.49
191.68
118.42
81.28
020
V4D1
221.87
183.01
129.03
82.95
018
V5D1
206.44
159.99
119.56
58.09
031
V1D2
546.36
280.84
190.69
103.52
032
V2D2
339.06
307.58
205.72
42.77
021
V4D2
253.62
232.03
165.79
88.37
019
V5D2
273.06
220.86
206.36
145.13
028
V1D3
409.03
341.09
244.8
59.83
024
V3D3
289.2
369.78
271.39
154.27
022
V4D3
209.97
247.76
227.39
194.59
023
V5D3
250.56
261.61
205.11
133.87
063
VlDl
142.96
29.24
33.17
23.69
067
V2D1
78.63
46.32
38.52
15.45
070
V3D1
85.8
32.68
37.59
075
V4D1
45.31
47.17
13.21
24.69
076
V5D1
20.89
15.71
11.09
17.39
065
V1D2
179.83
113.48
26.75
27
068
V2D2
200.06
117.46
24.93
18.44
071
V3D2
133.72
35.71
33.79
25.56
077
V4D2
59.99
32.64
17.96
18.57
078
V5D2
63.33
34.27
30.27
15.95
066
V1D3
264.65
193.29
105.07
51.17
069
V2D3
157.59
75.43
51.79
35.48
072
V3D3
247.99
139.62
63.16
34.65
073
V4D3
218.8
69.04
48.6
41.49
074
V5D3
116.48
37.83
36.79
21.09
7
LNi=tekanan pada sensor pi, i = 1, 2, 3, 4. V1=20 mm/dt, V2=25 mm/dt, V3=30 mm/dt, V4=35 mm/dt, V5=40 mm/dt. D1=15 cm, D2=17.5 cm, D3=20 cm. L
I
LN 3
'
39.03
am pi ran 8. Tabel koefisien persamaan tekanan pada permukaan lempeng pengolah tanah. P,
Kecep.
A,
=
A"
R2
A,
m/dt
Kadar air
30-40 %
-A1 X
4,
R2
Ax
Kadar air
40-50 %
Kedalaman olah = 15 cm 20
23.9968
0.2712
0.9225
47.1363
0.1018
0.9788
25
9.8203
0.1138
0.9775
33.1672
0.1329
0.9735
30
9.2449
0.0928
0.8161
30.0169
0.0895
0.9881
35
5.7173
0.0784
0.7908
26.9643
0.0776
0.9832
40
2.3711
0.0654
0.9594
25.4611
0.0876
0.9753
Kedalaman olah = 17.5 cm 20
25.8718
0.1687
0.9621
71.5712
0.1419
0.9942
25
29.9263
0.1888
0.9689
44.9681
0.0969
0.8845
30
20.0904
0.2199
0.9293
35
7.5646
0.1276
0.9733
31.6631
0.0742
0.9483
40
7.6967
0.1105
0.9750
31,8588
0.0575
0.9568
51.1558
0.0979
0.9144
Kedalaman olah = 20 cm
i
20
34.5852
0.1171
0.9817
25
20.4957
0.1437
0.9847
30
34.4948
0.1605
0.9972
39.5254
0.0527
0.8055
35
32.6229
0.2128
0.9563
28.2914
0.0387
0.7763
40
16.1351
0.1822
0.9397
31 -6404
0.0554
0.9106
Lampiran 9. Gambar grafik pengukuran tahanan olah.
TAHANAN OLAH. k N
1
0.75 0.6
0.25 0
- 0.26 -
- 0.6 0.75
-1
I
0
5
1
I
10
15
W K T U PENQAMATAN, d t
-
Fx
-t-
Fz
*My(Nm)
Tahanan olah ukur (V = 20 mm/dt; KA = 39 % ) .
Gambar 5.30.
20
D = 15 cm;
4
TAHANAN OLAH, k N
0
2
6 8 10 W K T U PENQAMATAN, dt
4
-
Fx
-I-
Fz
12
14
16
My(Nrn)
Gambar 5.31. Tahanan olah ukur (V = 20 mm/dt; D = 17.5 cm; (KA = 38.7 % ) ,
Lampiran 9. (lanjutan)
I
TAHANAN OLAH, k N
1.6,
I
- 0.26
- 0.6 -0.76 -1 - 1.26
- 1.6
0
2
6
4
8
12
10
14
16
W K T U PENGAMATAN, dt
I
I
I Gambar 5.32. Tahanan olah ukur (V = 20 mm/dt; D = 20 cm; KA = 37.8 % ) .
1
I
TAHANAN OLAH, kN
0
2
4
F
Gambar 5.33.
6
8
10
12
HUKTU PENGAMATAN, dt
x
-Fz
-My(Nm)
Tahanan olah ukur (V = 25 rmn/dt; D KA = 37.8 % ) .
= 15
cm;
.mpiran 9. (lanjutan) TAHANAN OLAH, kN
I
- 0.3
- 0.6 - 0.9 - 1.2 - 1.6
0
2
4
6
12
10
8
14
16
WAKTU PENQAMATAN, d t
-
Fx
+Fz
++My(Nm)
Gambar 5.34. Tahanan olah ukur (V = 25 mm/dt; D = 17.5 cm; KA = 36.4 % ) . TAHANAN OLAH. kN
I
1.6 1
- 1.2 - 1.6
0
I
I
2
4
I
I
I
I
6
8
10
12
14
W K T U PENQAMATAN, d t
7
Gambar 5.35.
Fx
+-
Fz
*My(Nm)
Tahanan olah ukur (V = 25 mm/dt; D = 20 cm; KA = 36.6 % ) .
Lampiran 9. (lanjutan) TAHANAN OLAH, k N
-1.6 0
1
1
1
2
4
1
I
Qt 8 W K T U PENQAMATAN, dt
I
Gambar 5.36.
I
I
10
12
I
I
Tahanan olah ukur (V = 30 mm/dt; D = 15 cm; KA = 36.2 % ) .
TAHANAN OLAH. kN 1.8
0
2
4 MKTU
--t
Gambar 5.37.
Fx
6
8
PENQAMATAN,dt Fz
+++
10
12
My(Nm)
Tahanan olah ukur (V = 30 mm/dt; D = 17.5 cm; KA = 35.9 %.
am pi ran 9. (lanjutan)
1
TAHANAN O L W . k N I
2
6
4
8
10
12
W K T U PENGAMATAN, dt
1
t
1
Gambar 5.38. Tahanan olah ukur (V = 30 mm/dt; D = 20 cm; KA = 36.8 % ) .
I
TAHANAN OLAH, k N
1.61
-0.9
0
I
I
2
I
1
1
4
6
8
10
W K T U PENCIAMATAN. dt
I
I
I
Gambar 5.39. Tahanan olah ukur (V = 35 mm/dt; D = 15 cm; KA = 35.0 % ) .
Lampiran 9. (lanjutan) TAHANAN OLAH, kN
1.8
1.6 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 0 -0.3 -0.6 -0.9 1.2 -1.6
-
0
2
6
4
8
10
W K T U PENQAMATAN, d l
-C-
Fx
1Fz
My(Nrn)
Garnbar 5.40. Tahanan olah ukur (V = 35 mm/dt; D = 17.5 cm; KA = 30.5 % ) . TAHANAN OLAH, kN
I
IGarnbar
I
I
5.41. Tahanan olah ukur (V = 35 m/dt; D = 20 cm; KA = 36.3 % ) .
Lampiran 9. (lanjutan) TAHANAN OLAH, kN
I
1.6 1
2
8
4
8
WAKTU PENGAMATAN, d t
I
I
I
Gambar 5.42. Tahanan olah ukur (V = 40 mn/dt; D = 15 cm; KA = 34.0 % ) .
TAHANAN OLAH, kN
1.6
1.2 0.9 0.6
0.3 0
I
1
I
I
2
4
8
6
I 10
WAKTU PENOAMATAN. dt
-
Fx
Fz
My(Nm)
Gambar 5.43. Tahanan olah ukur (V = 40 mm/dt; D = 17.5 cm; KA = 30.0 % ) .
Lampiran 9. (lanjutan) TAHANAN OLAH, k N
3r
- 1.8 f 0
I
I
2
I
I
I
I
4
6
8
10
W K T U PENQAMATAN, d t
-
Fx
4- Fz
+My(Nm)
Gambar 5.44. Tahanan olah ukur (V = 40 mm/dt; D = 20 cm; KA = 36.0 % ) . TAHANAN OLAH, kN 4
3
-
1
-
8.6
-2
1
I
I
I
1
0
6
10 M K T U PENQAMATAN. d t
16
20
am bar
5.45. Tahanan olah ukur (V
= 20
mm/dt; D = 15 cm;
Lampiran 9. (lanjutan) TAHANAN OLAH. k N 3 2.6 2 1.s
1
0.6 0
-0.6
-
-
1
1.6
-
2
4 6 8 W K T U PENGAMATAN. dt
2
0
10
12
I
I
Gambar 5.46. Tahanan olah ukur (V = 20 mm/dt; D = 17.5 cm;
TAHANAN OLAH, kN 6 4.5
-0.5 1
-
-1.6 2 -2.6
-
-3 0
2
4
6 8 10 HAKTU PENCIAMATAN, d t
-
FX
+FZ
12
14
16
*MY(N~)
Gambar 5.47. Tahanan olah ukur (V = 20 mm/dt; D = 20 cm; KA = 4 4 . 9 ) .
Lampiran 9. (lanjutan) TAHANAN OLAH, k N
31
I
2
0
4 6 8 W K T U PENQAMATAN. dt
+Fz
-Fx
*
12
10
My(Nm)
I Gambar 5.48. Tahanan o l a h ukur (V = 25 mm/dt; D = 15 KA = 43.5 % ) .
cm;
TAHANAN OLAH, kN 4
I
0
2
4
6 8 10 W K T U PENQAMATAN. dt
-
FX
+FZ
12
14
16
*MY(N~)
Gambar 5.49. Tahanan o l a h ukur (V = 25 mm/dt; D = 17.5 cm; KA = 41.9 % ) .
Lampiran 9. (lanjutan) TAHANAN OLAH, kN 1
4
-
3.6
9 -
-
1.6
-0.6
-1
-1.6
-
2
0
2
4
6
8
12
10
14
16
W K T U PENCIAMATAN, d l
I
Gambar 5.50. Tahanan olah ukur (V = 25 mm/dt; D = 20 cm;
TAHANAN OLAH, kN
-2
I
1
I
0
2
I
I
I
a
10
12
I
1
6 VYIKTU PENQAMATAN. dt
4
I
t
Gambar 5.51. Tahanan olah ukur (V = 30 mm/dt; D = 15 cm;
Lampiran 9. (lanjutan) TAHANAN OLAH, kN
a 2.6 2
1.6 1 0.6 0
0
2
4 6 8 W K T U PENQAMATAN. dt
10
12
I
I
Gambar 5.52. Tahanan olah ukur (V = 30 mm/dt; D = 17.5 cm; KA = 40.6 % ) . TAHANAN OLAH, kN
0 8.8
5
0
2
4 6 8 W K T U PENQAMATAN, dt
10
Gambar 5.53. Tahanan olah ukur (V = 30 mm/dt; D
12
=
20 cm;
Lampiran 9. (lanjutan) TAHANAN OLAH. kN
6
1
-21 0
I
2
I
1
I
4 6 8 M K T U PENQAMATAN, d t
1
I
10
12
Gambar 5.54. Tahanan olah ukur (V = 3 5 mm/dt; D = 15 cm; KA = 45.8 % ) .
TAHANAN OLAH, k N
0
2
4 6 8 W K T U PENCIAMATAN, dt
-Fx
+Fz
10
12
My(Nm)
Garnbar 5.55. Tahanan olah ukur (V = 35 m / d t ; D = 17.5 em; KA = 46.6).
Lampiran 9. (lanjutan) TAHANAN OLAH, k N
2
0
4 6 8 W K T U PENaAMATAN. d t -Fx
*
+Fz
12
10
My(Nm)
Gambar 5.56. Tahanan olah ukur (V = 35 mm/dt; D = 2 0 cm; KA = 47.5 % ) .
4
TAHANAN OLAH. kN
1
1
- 1.6 -2
0
I
I
I
1
2
3
I
Gambar 5.57.
I
1
1
4 6 6 W K T U PENQAMATAN, dt
I
I
I
7
8
8
I 10
-I
Tahanan olah ukur (V = 40 mm/dt; D = 15 cm; KA = 46.2 % ) .
Lampiran 9. (lanjutan) TAHANAN OLAH, kN
-3.6 -2.6 -3
-4
I
2
I
I
I
4
6
8
HWKTU PENQAMATAN, dt
-
Fx
1
+Fz
+My(Nm)
Gambar 5.58. Tahanan olah ukur (V = KA = 4 6 . 6 % ) .
40
mm/dt; D = 17.5 cm;
~ a m ~ i r a10. n Gaya horizontal, vertikal(Newton1 dan Moment (Nm).
Lampiran 11. Tabel hasil perhitungan draft. ~arameter/Unit
063
067
070
075
076
VlDl
V2D1
V3D1
V4D1
V5D1
39.0
37.8
36.2
35.0
34.0
Kerapatan/Rho(gr/cm3),db.
0.911
0.886
0.858
0.844
0.838
Adhesi/Ca(N/cm2)
0.118
0.118
0.118
0.118
0,118
Lebar olah/w(cm)
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
Dalam olah/D(cm)
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
Kadar air/KA(%),db.
Kecep olah/V(cm/dt) Sudut alat/alpha(derajat)
1 I
Sudut Gesek/phi(derajat) Sudut Gesek/delta(derajat)
2.0
I I
30.0
cot(beta+phi)
3.95
3.0
1
30.0
(
3.95
50.2
1
2.7
3.95
30.0
1
4.0 30.0
I
52.0
53.6 1
3.95
1
3.95
I
I
-0.179
3.1
1 1 I
I
I
0.086
3.5
1
I
I
1 1 I
I
48.1
-0.031
cot(beta)+cot(alpha)
30.0
1
I
1 I
1
46.8
I
2.5
I
0.071
0.043
2.6
3.2
3.2
Koef berat/Eta(g)
1.0845
1.1237
1.1367
1.1929
1.2147
Koef kohesi/Eta(co)
0.6663
0.7092
0.6505
0.7099
0.6958
Koef adhesi/Eta(ca)
2.0625
2.0112
2.1457
2.0490
2.0824
Koef inersia/Eta(i)
1 I
0.2439
1 I
0.2318
1 I
0.2530
1 I
0.2208
1 I
0.2165
am pi ran 11. Tabel hasil perhitungan draft (lanjutan). I
I
I
Kadar air/KA(%),db.
1
38.7
Lebar olah/w(cm)
!
15.0
Kecep olah/V(cm/dt)
I
36.4
1
15.0
I
2.0
I
35.9
1
15.0
I
2.5 I
30.5
1
3.0 I
I
30.0
1
15.0
15.0
I
3.5
4.0
I
I
Sudut alat/alpha(derajat)
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
Sudut patah/beta(derajat)
37.5
40.0
37.0
41.0
41.0
sudut ~esek/phi(derajat)
47.1
49.9
50.6
59.4
60.2
Sudut ~esek/delta(derajat)
3.95
3.95
3.95
3.95
3.95
Berat tanah/W(Newton)
56.5
52.9
52.3
52.1
52.9
~ohesi/Ko(Newton)
1130.7
776.9
747.5
689.9
689.8
~dhesi/Ad(Newton)
70.6
70.6
70.6
70.6
70.6
~nersia/In(Newton)
0.0131
0.0192
0.0274
0.0371
0.0493
cot(bet+phi)+cot(alp+deta)
1.5805
1.4873
1.5272
1.3019
1.2870
cot(bet+phi)+cot(alp+deta)
1.5805
1.4873
?.3066) -.- -
1.3019
1.2870
cot(beta+phi)
0.095
0.002
0.042
-0.183
-0.198
3.0
2.9
3.1
2.9
2.9
Koef berat/Eta(g)
1.0184
1.0389
0.7038
1.1685
1.1821
Koef kohesi/Eta(co)
0.7112
0.6739
0.4576
0.6060
0.5997
Koef adhesi/Eta(ca)
2.0850
2.0720
1.9663
2.2016
cot(beta)+cot(alpha)
-
2.1063 -
Koef inersia/Eta(i)
0.2343
0.2305
0.1496
0.2102
0.2081
w *
57.582
54.955
36.778
60.845
62.510
Eta(g)/Newton
390 am pi ran 11. Tabel hasil perhitungan draft (lanjutan). 066
parameter/Unit
V1D3
069 V2D3
072 V3D3
073 V4D3
074 V5D3
37.3
36.6
36.8
36.3
36.0
~erapatan/Rho(gr/cm3).m.
0.876
0.864
0.867
0.859
0.855
~ e r a ~ a t a n / ~ h o ( ~ r /)c m wb. 3
1.203
1.180
1.187
1.171
1.163
3.017
3.082
2.934
2.867
0.118
0.118
0.118
0.118
Kadar air/KA(%),db.
.
Adhesi/Ca(N/cmZ)
. 0 .118
Lebar olah/w(cm)
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
Dalam olah/D(cm)
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
20.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
sudut alat/alpha(derajat)
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
sudut patah/beta(derajat)
37.0
41.0
37.0
38.0
38.0
Sudut Gesek/phi(derajat)
48.7
49.6
49.3
50.0
50.5
Sudut Gesek/delta(derajat)
3.95
3.95
3.95
3.95
3.95
Berat tanah/W(Newton)
70.8
69.4
69.8
68.9
68.4
~ohesi/Ko(Newton)
986.5
905.0
924.7
880.2
860.0
~dhesi/Ad(Newton)
70.6
70.6
70.6
70.6
70.6
~nersia/In(Newton)
0.0144
0.0221
0.0320
0.0430
0.0558
cot(bet+phi)+cot(alp+deta)
1.5609
1.4747
1.5494
1.5198
1.5123
cot(bet+phi)+cot(alp+deta)
1.5609
1.4747
1.5494
1.5198
1.5123
cot(beta+phi)
0.076
-0.011
0.064
0.034
0.027
3.0
3.0
Kohesi/Co(~/cm2)
Kecep olah/V(cm/dt)
3 288
3.1
2.9
3.1
Koef berat/Eta(g)
0.9714
0.9589
0.9786
0.9797
0.9846
Koef kohesi/Eta(co)
0.7049
0.6698
0.7003
0.6870
0.6840
Koef adhesi/Eta(ca)
2.0440
2.0900
2.0542
1.9062
2.0442
Koef inersia/Eta(i)
0.2304
0.2324
0.2289
0.2281
0.2271
w *
68.770
66.595
68.321
67.518
67.363
Eta(co)/Newton
695.36
606.19
647.51
604.65
588.28
Eta(ca)/Newton
144.22
147.47
144.94
134.50
144.23
Eta(i)/Newton
0.0033
0.0051
0.0073
0.0098
0.0127
~x(hitung)/Newton
908.36
820.26
860.78
806.68
799.89
cot(beta)+cot(alpha)
KO ~d In
Eta(g)/Newton
* * *
am pi ran 11. Tabel hasil perhitungan draft (lanjutan). parameter/Unit
027
030
VlDl
V2D1
42.7
Kerapatan/Rho(gr/crn3),db.
025
I
020
018
V3D1
V4D1
V5D1
43.5
43.2
45.8
46.2
0.987
0.998
0.994
1.010
1.008
Kerapatan/Rho(gr/cm3)rwb.
1.408
1.432
1.424
1.472
1.474
Kohesi/Co(N/cm2)
12.215
14.154
13.454
17.054
16.951
~dhesi/Ca(N/cm2)
0.118
0.118
0.118
0.118
0.118
Lebar olah/w(cm)
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
Dalam olah/D(cm)
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
sudut alat/alpha(derajat)
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
Sudut patah/beta(derajat)
30.0
37.0
39.0
35.0
34.0
sudut ~esek/phi(derajat)
44.8
44.8
44.8
45.8
Sudut Gesek/delta(derajat)
3.95
3.95
.
46.0
3 95
3.95
3.95
Berat tanah/W(Newton)
46.6
47.4
47.1
48.7
48.8
2748.4
3184.6
3027.1
3837.2
3814.0
70.6
70.6
70.6
70.6
70.6
~narsia/In(Ne*on)
0.0126
0.0201
0.0288
0.0405
0.0530
cot(bet+phi)+cot(alp+deta)
1.7574
1.6295
1.5945
1.6481
1.6608
cot(bet+phi)+cot(alp+deta)
1.7574
1.6295
1.5945
1.6481
1.6608
cot(beta+phi)
0.272
0.144
0.109
0.163
0.175
3.5
3.1
3.0
3 2
.
3.2
Koef berat/Eta(g)
1.1380
1.0839
1.0743
1.1070
1.1175
Koef kohesi/Eta(co)
0,8372
0.7311
0.7117
0.7478
0.7587
Koef adhesi/Eta(ca)
2.0287
1.9603
2.0511
2.0423
2.0326
Koef inersia/Eta(i)
0.2417
0.2390
0.2399
0.2366
0.2360
w *
53.037
51.376
50.618
53.948
54.509
Eta(co)/Newton
2300.8
2328.1
2154.3
2869.4
2893.8
Eta(ca)/Newton
143.14
138.31
144.72
144.10
143.41
Eta(i)/Newton
0.0031
0.0048
0.0069
0.0096
0.0125
~x(hitung)/Newton
2497.0
2517.8
2349.6
3067.5
3091.7
Kadar air/KA(%),db.
Kecep olah/V(cm/dt)
Kohesi/Ko(Newton) ~dhesi/Ad(Ne*on)
cot(beta)+cot(alpha)
KO
~d
In
Eta(g)/Newton
* * *
192
am pi ran 11. Tabel hasil perhitungan draft (lanjutan).
I
031
032
034
021
V1D2
V2D2
V3D2
V4D2
V5D2
43.1
41.9
40.6
46.6
46.6
Kerapatan/Rho(gr/crn3),db.
0.993
0.973
0.947
1.005
1.005
Kerapatan/Rho(gr/cm3),wb.
1.421
1.381
1.331
1 473
1.473
Kohesi/Co(N/cm2)
13.212
10.178
7.185
16.656
16.656
Adhesi/Ca(N/cmZ)
0.118
0.118
0 118
0.118
0.118
Lebar olah/w(cm)
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
Dalam olah/D(cm)
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
17.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
Sudut alat/alpha(derajat)
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
sudut patah/beta(derajat)
33.0
36.0
41.0
34.0
42.0
Sudut Gesek/phi(derajat)
44.8
44.9
45.5
46.4
46.4
sudut Gesek/delta(derajat)
3.95
3.95
3.95
3.95
3.95
Berat tanah/W(Newton)
64.0
62.2
60.0
66.4
66.4
3468.2
2671.7
1885.9
4372.1
4372.1
70.6
70.6
70.6
70.6
70.6
~nersia/In(Newton)
0.0149
0.0226
0.0314
0.0473
0.0618
cot(bet+phi)+cot(alp+deta)
1.7021
1.6451
1.5464
1.6548
1.5136
cot(bet+phi)+cot(alp+deta)
1.7021
1.6451
1.5464
1.6548
1.5136
cot(beta+phi)
0.217
0.160
0 061
0.169
0.028
3.3
3.1
2.9
3.2
2.8
parameter/Unit
Kadar air/KA(%),db.
Kecep olah/V(cm/dt)
Kohesi/Ko(Newton) Adhesi/Ad(Ne-on)
~ot(beta)+cot(alpha)
.
.
019
Koef berat/Eta(g)
1.0259
1.0041
0.9838
1.0352
0.9899
Koef kohesi/Eta(co)
0.7836
0.7415
0.6921
0.7561
0.6814
Koef adhesi/Eta(ca)
2.0349
2.0458
2.0565
2.0367
2.0399
Koef inersia/Eta(i)
0.2395
0.2385
0.2401
0.2352
0.2397
w *
65.653
62.447
58.984
68.696
65.690
2717.6
1981.0
1305.2
3305.8
2979.1
KO
Eta(g)/Newton
*
Eta(co)/Newton
Lampiran 11. Tabel hasil perhitungan draft (lanjutan). pararneter/Unit
028
033
024
022
023
V1D3
V2D3
V3D3
V4D3
V5D3
42.7
41.0
44.9
47.5
46.3
~erapatan/Rho(gr/cm3),db.
0.987
0.955
1.009
0.992
1.007
~erapatan/Rho(gr/cm3),wb.
1.408
1.347
1.463
1.463
1.474
~ohesi/Co(N/cm2)
12.215
8.033
16.573
15.360
16.895
~dhesi/Ca(N/cm2)
0.118
0.118
0.118
0.118
0.118
Lebar olah/w(cm)
15.0
15.0
15.0
15.0
Dalam olah/D(cm)
20.0
.
15.0
20 0
20.0
20.0
20.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
sudut alat/alpha(derajat)
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
30.0
Sudut patah/beta(derajat)
35.0
35.0
38.0
36.0
40.0
Sudut Gesek/phi(derajat)
44.8
45.2
47.3
46.1
sudut ~esek/delta(derajat)
3.95
3.95
3.95
3.95
3.95
Berat tanah/W(Newton)
82.9
79.2
86.1
86.1
86.7
~ohesi/Ko(Newton)
3664.6
2409.9
4971.8
4607.9
5068.5
~dhesi/Ad(Newton)
70.6
70.6
70.6
70.6
70.6
~nersia/In(Newton)
0.0169
0.0252
0.0394
0.0537
0.0707
cot(bet+phi)+cot(alp+deta)
1.6656
1.6566
1.6042
1.6037
1.5530
cot(bet+phi)+cot(alp+deta)
1.6656
1.6566
1.6042
1.6037
1.5530
cot(beta+phi)
0.180
0.171
0.119
0.118
0.068
3.2
3.2
3.0
3.1
2.9
Koef berat/Eta(g)
0.9453
0.9505
0.9282
0.9632
0.9260
Koef kohesi/Eta(co)
0.7549
0.7513
0.7182
0.7251
0.6958
Koef adhesi/Eta(ca)
2.0291
2.0355
2.0435
2.0438
2.0514
Koef inersia/Eta(i)
0.2389
0.2377
0.2384
0.2333
0.2380
75.312 - 79.884
82.931
80.297
Kadar air/KA(%),db.
Kecep olah/V(cm/dt)
cot(beta)+cot(alpha)
w * KO
Eta(g)/Newton - -
* * *
78.320 -
45.3
Eta(co)/Newton
2766.5
1810.4
3570.6
Eta(ca)/Newton
143.17
143.62
144.18
144.21
144.74
Eta(i)/Newton
0.0040
0.0060
0.0094
0.0125
0.0168
~x(hitung)/Newton
2988.0
2029.4
3794.7
3568.4
3751.8
Ad In
( am pi ran 1 2 . Tabel sudut patah tanah
Percobaan
I
R
1
Kadar air tanah 30
-
-
3(/A
40 %
VlDl
1051.95
39.1
45
0.87
V2D1
867.225
39.1
37
1.06
V3D1
796.7959
40.1
37
1.08
V4D1
717.0196
39.0
34
1.15
V5D1
727 .0015
36.8
34
1.08
V1D2
1528.309
40.5
38
1.07
V2D2
1059.224
41.2
40
1.03
V3D2
860.3577
41.9
37
1.13
V4D2
804.9807
39.8
41
0.97
V5D2
719.1695
42.6
41
1.04
V1D3
1695.284
43.5
37
1.18
V2D3
1396.838
40.5
41
0.99
V3D3
1542 14
40.7
37
1.10
V4D3
1413.086
41.7
38
1.10
,
V5D3
1223.148
38.9
38
1.02
,
.
Kadar air tanah 40
h
I
A
-
.
,
.
50 %
VlDl
3245.104
26.5
30
0.88
V2D1
2702.54
27.8
37
0.75
V3D1
3039.466
29.9
39
0.77
V4D1
3802.692
22.3
35
0.64
V5D1
3389.64
22.3
34
0.66
V1D2
3066.131
27.9
33
0.85
V2D2
1365.596
43.9
V3D2
2773.83
27.6
41
0.67
V4D2
3835.532
26.5
34
0.78
V5D2
5813.507
20.1
42
0.48
V1D3
4389.354
28.2
35
0.81
V2D3
3515.876
27.6
35
0.79
V3D3
5015.736
34.0
38
0.90
V4D3
7484.331
18.5
36
0.51
V5D3
7713 -495
21.9
40
0.55
36
,
1.13
Keterangan: R = resultante gaya Fx,Fz. t( = sudut arah gaya R A = sudut patah pengukuran di soilbin
,
,
a
.
~ a m ~ i r a13. n Waktu kejadian puncak pada siklus draft.
Lampiran 14. Tabel data kecendrungan arah pergerakan pin ( o ) . i
