DAFTAR ISI
KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................................................... ii DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................................................... iii BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1. LATAR BELAKANG .................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2. PERMASALAHAN ....................................................................................................... 1-2 1.3. MAKSUD TUJUAN DAN SASARAN ............................................................................... 1-2 1.3.1. Maksud ........................................................................................................... 1-2 1.3.2. Tujuan............................................................................................................ 1-3 1.3.3. Sasaran ......................................................................................................... 1-3 1.4. LINGKUP SUBSTANSI LAPORAN PENDAHULUAN .......................................................... 1-4 1.4.1. Lingkup Wilayah Kegiatan ................................................................................ 1-4 1.4.2. Lingkup Materi Pelaporan ................................................................................. 1-4 1.5. SISTEMATIKA PEMBAHASAN...................................................................................... 1-4 BAB 2 TINJAUAN UMUM PEMERIKSAAN KEANDALAN DAN KELAIKAN BANGUNAN GEDUNG .......................................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.1. PENGERTIAN ............................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1.1. Pengertian dan Klasifikasi Bangunan Gedung ..................................................... 2-1 2.1.2. Pengertian tentang Hal–hal yang Berkaitan dengan Keandalan Bangunan............. 2-3 2.2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ................................................................................................ 2-12 2.2.1. Tahapan / Proses Pembangunan Bangunan Gedung ........................................... 2-12 2.2.2. Persyaratan Teknis Bangunan Gedung .............................................................. 2-13 2.3. PENDEKATAN KAJIAN STUDI LITERATUR DAN ALAT KERJA ......................................... 2-19 2.3.1. Pendekatan Arsitektur dan Kinerja Bangunan ..................................................... 2-19 2.3.2. Pendekatan Struktur ........................................................................................ 2-23 2.3.3. Pendekatan Utilitas Bangunan........................................................................... 2-26 BAB 3 GAMBARAN UMUM OBJEK PEMERIKSAAN ........................................................................ 3-1 3.1. PROFIL WILAYAH KOTA SEMARANG ........................................................................... 3-1 3.1.1. Fungsi dan peran Kota Semarang ..................................................................... 3-2 3.1.2. Struktur Ruang Kota Semarang......................................................................... 3-3 3.1.3. Pola Tata Guna Lahan ...................................................................................... 3-4
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3.2. GAMBARAN UMUM BANGUNAN KOTA SEMARANG ....................................................... 3-7 3.3. GAMBARAN UMUM GEDUNG OBJEK PEMERIKSAAN ..................................................... 3-8 3.3.1. Ketentuan Umum Bangunan Gedung yang diperiksa ........................................... 3-8 3.3.2. Bangunan Gedung Objek Pemeriksaan .............................................................. 3-9 BAB 4 PENDEKATAN DAN METODOLOGI ...................................................................................... 4-1 4.1. DASAR HUKUM PEMERIKSAAN KEANDALAN DAN KELAIKAN BANGUNAN ....................... 4-1 4.1.1. Dasar Hukum Pemeriksaan Keandalan Bangunan ............................................... 4-2 4.1.2. Dasar Hukum Terhadap Aksesibilitas Penyandang Cacat ..................................... 4-2 4.1.3. Dasar Hukum Tentang Pengamanan Kebakaran ................................................. 4-2 4.1.4. Dasar Hukum Tentang Persyaratan Ijin Dan Sertifikasi ........................................ 4-2 4.2. KERANGKA PIKIR ...................................................................................................... 4-3 4.2.1. Pengertian Umum ............................................................................................ 4-3 4.2.2. Proses Pemeriksaan Keandalan Bangunan secara Umum ..................................... 4-3 4.2.3. Alur Studi dan Format Penelitian ....................................................................... 4-10 4.3. PENDEKATAN ARSITEKTUR DAN KINERJA BANGUNAN ................................................. 4-10 4.3.1. Pendekatan Arsitektur dan Kinerja Bangunan ..................................................... 4-10 4.3.2. Komponen Ruang Dalam .................................................................................. 4-11 4.3.3. Komponen Ruang Luar ..................................................................................... 4-13 4.3.4. Pendekatan Struktur ........................................................................................ 4-19 4.3.5. Pendekatan Utilitas Bangunan........................................................................... 4-47 4.3.6. Pendekatan Aspek Lingkungan.......................................................................... 4-46 4.4. KEBUTUHAN, PEROLEHAN, DAN PENYAJIAN DATA ...................................................... 4-58 4.4.1. Kebutuhan dan Teknik Pengumpulan Data ......................................................... 4-58 4.4.2. Jenis Perolehan Data ....................................................................................... 4-58 4.4.3. Penyajian Data ................................................................................................ 4-65 4.5. TAHAPAN KOMPILASI DATA INTERPRETASI DAN ANALISA........................................... 4-80 4.5.1. Kompilasi Data ................................................................................................ 4-80 4.5.2. Interpretasi ..................................................................................................... 4-80 4.5.3. Analisa ........................................................................................................... 4-81 4.6. TAHAPAN KESIMPULAN DAN REKOMENDASI ..................................................... ......... 4-83 4.7. KELUARAN/OUTPUT .................................................................................................. 4-83 BAB 5 MANAJEMEN PELAKSANAAN PEKERJAAN ........................................................................ 5-1 5.1. JANGKA WAKTU PELAKSANAAN ................................................................................ 5-1 5.2. KEBUTUHAN TENAGA AHLI........................................................................................ 5-2
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5.3. TUGAS-TUGAS TENAGA AHLI..................................................................................... 5-2 5.4. KEBUTUHAN PENDUKUNG TENAGA AHLI .................................................................... 5-4 5.5. ORGANISASI PELAKSANAAN PROYEK ......................................................................... 5-4 5.6. MEKANISME PELAKSANAAN PEKERJAAN ..................................................................... 5-5 5.7. MATRIKS TUGAS DAN TANGGUNG JAWAB .................................................................. 5-6 5.8. PELAPORAN HASIL PEKERJAAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ..................................................... 5-6 5.8.1. Pelaporan Hasil Pekerjaan ................................................................................ 5-6 5.8.2. Pembahasan Pelaporan .................................................................................... 5-8
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1. Diagram Kegiatan Pra Rencana ............................................................... 2-12 Gambar 2.2. Diagram Kegiatan Perencanaan ............................................................... 2-12 Gambar 2-3. distance meter ...................................................................................... 2-22 Gambar 2-4. light meter ............................................................................................ 2-22 Gambar 2-5. Anemometer ......................................................................................... 2-23 Gambar 2-6. Sound level meter .................................................................................. 2-23 Gambar 2-7. Garis Besar Langkah Perencanaan Stuktur .............................................. 2-23 Gambar 2-8. Hammer Test ....................................................................................... 2-26 Gambar 2-9. Alat Ukur Tang Meter ............................................................................ 2-28 Gambar 3-1. Peta Administrasi kota Semarang ............................................................ 3-2 Gambar 3-2. Masjid Baiturrahman .............................................................................. 3-9 Gambar 3-3. Peta lokasi Masjid Baiturrahman .............................................................. 3-9 Gambar 3-4. Situasi Java Mall ................................................................................... 3-10 Gambar 3-5. Peta Lokasi Java Mall ............................................................................. 3-10 Gambar 3-6. Situasi Hotel Patra Jasa .......................................................................... 3-11 Gambar 3-7. Peta Lokasi Hotel Patra Jasa ................................................................... 3-11 Gambar 3-8. Situasi Kampus STIE-BPD ....................................................................... 3-11 Gambar 3-9. Peta Lokasi Kampus STIE-BPD ................................................................ 3-11 Gambar 3-10. Situasi Gedung Juang 45 ...................................................................... 3-12 Gambar 3-31. Peta Lokasi Gedung Juang 45 ............................................................... 3-12 Gambar 4-1, diagram alur pikir proses kegiatan pemeriksaan Keandalan dan kelaikan bangunan gedung ............................................ 4-4 Gambar 4-2, diagram alur penelitian........................................................................... 4-5 Gambar 4-3, alat ukur komponen ruang dalam ............................................................ 4-17 Gambar 4-4, Diagnosis Kerusakan Yang Teriadi pada Beton ......................................... 4-28 Gambar 4-5, Instrumen dan pelaksanaan pengujian kekuatan beton ............................. 4-31 Gambar 4-6, Alat ukur schmidt rebound hammer ......................................................... 4-33 Gambar 4-7, Alat ultrasonik pulse velocity ................................................................... 4-36 Gambar 4-8, Konfigurasi transducer ........................................................................... 4-37 Gambar 4-9, Hubungan antara nilai kuat beton dan kecepatan rambat gelombang ......... 4-38 Gambar 4-10, Kondisi-kondisi yang berpengaruh terhadap rambatan Gelombang didalam beton ................................................................... 4-39 Gambar 4-11, Penentuan kedalaman retak ................................................................. 4-42
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Gambar 4-12, Alat ukur mekanikal elektrikal ............................................................... 4-49 Gambar 4-13, Pengelolaan individual .......................................................................... 4-54 Gambar 4-14, Pengelolaan individu pada lingkungan terbatas....................................... 4-55 Gambar 4-15, pengelolaan komunal ........................................................................... 4-55 Gambar 4-16, pengelolaan sampah ............................................................................ 4-56 Gambar 5-1, Diagram struktur organisasi kegiatan pemeriksaan keandalan bangunan gedung kota Semarang ......................................... 5-5
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1. Batas-batas penerimaan (limit of acceptability) ............................................ 2-22 Table 3.1 Wilayah Pengembangan Kota Semarang ....................................................... 3-6 Tabel 4.1 Batas-batas penerimaan (limit of acceptability) ............................................. 4-12 Tabel 4.2 Indikator Pengumpulan Data ....................................................................... 4-16 Tabel 4.3 Lingkup pekerjaan ...................................................................................... 4-23 Tabel 4.4 Prosedur Penilaian Struktur Existing ............................................................. 4-26 Tabel 4.5 Diagnosis Kerusakan Yang terjadi pada beton ............................................... 4-29 Tabel 4.6 Diagram Kalibrasi alat uji Hammer ............................................................... 4-34 Tabel 4.7 Kriteria penilaian hasil ultrasonic .................................................................. 4-42 Tabel 4.8 Batas Nilai Parameter yang diinginkan .......................................................... 4-49 Tabel 4.9 Klasifikasi penggunaan lift ........................................................................... 4-50 Tabel 4.10 persyaratan kualitas air minum .................................................................. 4-53 Tabel 4.11 form penilaian keandalan bangunan Aspek arsitektur ................................... 4-66 Tabel 4.12 form penilaian struktur rangka beton dan dinding pasangan ......................... 4-67 Tabel 4.13 form penilaian struktur rangka baja dan dinding pasangan ........................... 4-68 Tabel 4.14 form penilaian struktur rangka beton dan dinding geser ............................... 4-69 Tabel 4.15 form penilaian keandalan bangunan Aspek utilitas ....................................... 4-70 Tabel 4.16 form penilaian utilitas instalasi pencegah kebakaran .................................... 4-71 Tabel 4.17 form penilaian utilitas transportasi vertikal .................................................. 4-72 Tabel 4.18 form penilaian utilitas plambing ................................................................. 4-72 Tabel 4.19 form penilaian utilitas instalasi listrik .......................................................... 4-73 Tabel 4.20 form penilaian utilitas instalasi tata udara sentral ........................................ 4-74 Tabel 4.21 form penilaian utilitas instalasi tata udara non sentral .................................. 4-75 Tabel 4.22 form penilaian utilitas penangkal petir ........................................................ 4-75 Tabel 4.23 form penilaian utilitas instalasi komunikasi .................................................. 4-76 Tabel 4.24 form penilaian aspek aksesibilitas............................................................... 4-76 Tabel 4.25 form penilaian aspek tata bangunan dan lingkungan.................................... 4-77 Tabel 4.26 form penilaian keandalan bangunan ........................................................... 4-78 Tabel 4.27 Penentuan nilai keandalan bangunan ......................................................... 4-81 Tabel 4.28 Teknik pegisian analisa softwarekeandalan bangunan .................................. 4-82 Tabel 4.27 Rekapitulasi Total nilai keandalan bangunan ............................................... 4-82 Tabel 5.1 jadwal pelaksanaan pekerjaan ..................................................................... 5-1 Tabel 5.2 tugas dan tanggung jawab personil.............................................................. 5-6
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