INVENTARISASI GAS RUMAH KACA SEKTOR KEHUTANAN Ari Wibowo
Gelar Teknologi Badan Litbang Kehutanan Jakarta, 19 November 2009
Latar Belakang LULUCF sbg sektor penting : Global 18%, Nasional 74% (INC) Laporan – laporan, selalu dengan dan tanpa LULUCF : Tanpa LULUCF Indonesia peringkat 15 (WRI, 2005), dengan LUCF peringkat 3 Telah dilakukan inventarisasi GRK menggunakan IPCC GL 2006 untuk SNC Perlu sosialisasi tentang inventarisasi GRK LULUCF untuk hasil yang MRV
Emisi di Indonesia NATCOM I
Sumber emisi AFOLU
METODE INVENTORY LULUCF Emission = Activity Data x Emission Factor SNC base year 2000, trend 2000-2005 Activity Data menggunakan laporan-laporan (statistik
kehutanan, statistik Indonesia, FAO dan literatur/laporan lainnya). Penyesuaian dengan data terakhir hasil rekalkulasi 2008 oleh Ditjenplan Emission Factor menggunakan IPCC Default dan local studies Metode inventarisasi menggunakan IPCC GL, 2006 dan mapping back menggunakan IPCC GL revised 1996.
Activity Data : Deforestasi (Statistik Kehutanan) Kehutanan) dari SPOT VEGETATION images Year
Deforestation (1.000 ha/year) Sumatera Kalimantan Sulawesi Maluku Papua
Jawa
Bali and Nustra
Indonesia
2000-2001
259,5
212,0
154,0
20,0
147,2
118,3
107,2
1.018,2
2001-2002
202,6
129,7
150,4
41,4
160,5
142,1
99,6
926,3
2002-2003
339,0
480,4
385,8
132,4
140,8
343,4
84,3
1.906,1
2003-2004
208,7
173,3
41,5
10,6
100,8
71,7
28,1
634,7
2004-2005
335,7
234,7
134,6
10,5
169,1
37,3
40,6
962,5
2000-2005
1.345,5
1.230,1
866,3
214,9
718,4
712,8
359,8
5.447,8
Average of Deforestation Rate period 2000-2005 is 5.447.800,0/5 = 1.089.560,00 ha/year Source:
SPOT-VEGETATION, Ministry of Forestry RI-Wageningen University, The Netherlands
GHG Source and Sink Categories
Net CO2 Emission/ Removal
CH4
N2O
(Gg) Total Land Use Categories A. Forest Land
Reporting Table IPCC GL 2006
A.1. FL remaining FL A.2. Land converted to FL B. Crop Land B.1. CL remaining CL B.2. Land converted to CL C. Grass Land C.1. GL remaining GL C.2. Land converted to GL D. Wet Land D.1. WL remaining WL D.2. Land converted to WL E. Settlements E.1. Set. Remaining Set. E.2. Land converted to Set. F. Other Lands F.1. OL. Remaining OL. F.2. Land converted to OL. G. Other (specify) Biomass burning Liming
NOx
CO
Definisi (1) Forest Land All land with woody vegetation consistent with thresholds used to define Forest Land in the national GHG inventory, including systems with a vegetation structure that currently fall below, but in situ could potentially reach the threshold values used by a country to define the Forest Land category.
(2) Cropland Includes cropped land, including rice fields, and agroforestry systems where the vegetation structure falls below the thresholds used for the Forest Land category.
(3) Grassland Includes rangelands and pasture land that are not considered Cropland. Systems with woody vegetation and other nongrass vegetation .such as herbs and brushes that fall below the threshold values used in the Forest Land category. All grassland from wild lands to recreational areas as well as agricultural and silvi-pastural systems, consistent with national definitions.
(6) Other Land Includes bare soil, rock, ice, and all land areas that do not fall into any of the other five categories.
(4) Wetlands Includes areas of peat extraction and land covered or saturated by water for all or part of the year (e.g., peatlands) and that does not fall into the Forest Land, Cropland, Grassland or Settlements categories. It includes reservoirs as a managed sub-division and natural rivers and lakes as unmanaged sub-divisions.
(5) Settlements This category includes all developed land, including transportation infrastructure and human settlements of any size, unless they are already included under other categories. This should be consistent with national definitions
Kategori Lahan IPCC dan Nasional Kategori IPCC 2006
Kategori Hutan
FL
Hutan Lahan Kering Primer (UD)
FL
Hutan Rawa Primer (UD)
FL
Hutan Mangrove Primer (UD)
FL
Hutan Lahan Kering Sekunder (D)
FL
Hutan Rawa Sekunder (D)
FL
Hutan Mangrove Sekunder (D)
FL
Hutan Tanaman Area Penggunaan Lain (APL)
GL
Belukar
WL
Belukar rawa
OL
Tanah terbuka
WL
Rawa
CL
Pertanian
CL
Pertanian campur semak
CL
Transmigrasi
S
Permukiman
GL
Padang rumput
CL
Sawah
CL
Perkebunan
OL
Tambak
OL
Bandara
-
Air
-
Awan
Tabel Pembagian kategori hutan Indonesia kedalam IPCC GL 2006
Tingkat kerincian (Tier) Pendekatan untuk menentukan perubahan luas (Activity Data)
Tingkat kerincian faktor emisi (Tier): perubahan cadangan karbon
1. Pendekatan Non-spasial : dari data statistik negara (mis FAO) memberikan gambaran umum perubahan luas hutan
1. Memakai data yang diberikan oleh IPCC (data default values) pada skala benua
2. Berdasarkan peta, hasil survey dan data statistik nasional
2. Data spesifik dari negara bersangkutan untuk beberapa jenis hutan yang dominan atau yang utama
3. Data spatial dari interpretasi penginderaan jauh dengan resolusi yang tinggi
3. Data cadangan karbon dari Inventarisasi Nasional, yang diukur secara berkala atau dengan modelling
Contoh Emission/Removal Factor Indonesia Land use/cover category
MAI (tB/ha/y)
Sdev of MAI
Lowland and hill forest formation (0-1000 m a.s.l.)
0.25
0.10
Lowland and hill logged-over forest (0-1000 m a.s.l.)
6.70
1.40
Secondary re-growth
2.23
0.85
Grassland
0.00
0.00
Mountain forest (>1000 m a.s.l.)
0.25
0.10
Fresh water swamp forest
6.04
2.20
Peat swamp forest
2.32
0.85
Secondary re-growth on swampy
0.04
0.01
Mangrove forest
0.25
0.10
Industrial forest plantation
9.29
3.39
Mosaic of fruit trees, cinnamon, coffee and habitation
9.70
2.20
Small holder rubber
3.57
1.59
Estate plantation (rubber, oil palm, coconut)
6.00
1.26
Sumber: Boer et al (2001; dari berbagai Sumber)
LAND CHANGE MATRIX Forest Land Remaining Forest Land Land Converted to Forest Land Crop Land Remaining Crop Land Land Converted to Crop Land Grassland Remaining Grassland Land Converted to Grassland Wet Land Remaining Wet Land Land Converted to Wet Land Settlement Remaining Settlement Land Converted to Settlement Other Land Remaining Other Land Land Converted to Other Land
LCM : Forest Land TOTAL LAND
187913
187913
187913
187913
187913
187913
187913
Non Forest
88382
88382
89503
90522
91448
93354
93989
Forest land
99531
99531
98410
97391
96465
94559
93924
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Land Categories
Sub Categories
90907
91960
93924
A. Total Forest Land
100856
99531
98410
97391
96465
94559
93924
1. Forest Land remaining Forest Land
100845
99521
98390
97349
96410
94220
93897
Undisturbed NF
54557
50761
48161
46029
42780
38399
36467
Disturbed NF
44143
46477
47867
48891
51099
53171
54648
Timber Plantation (SRS)
1032
1118
1176
1232
1320
1420
1533
Timber Plantation (LRS)
1113
1165
1187
1197
1211
1230
1249
11
10
19
42
55
339
27
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
11
10
19
42
55
339
27
2.3 Wetlands converted to Forest Land
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.4 Settlements converted to Forest Land
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2.5 Other Land converted to Forest Land
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2. Land converted to Forest Land 2.1 Cropland converted to Forest Land 2.2 Grassland converted to Forest Land
Reforestation
LCM : Crop Land B. Total Cropland
45314
47164
50208
46030
52506
54562
1. Cropland remaining Cropland
43867
45839
49077
44248
50315
53756
11525
Palm oil
3436.1
3769.0
3974.0
4116.0
5239.0
5390.0
5630.0
Rubber
3631.5
3595.0
3345.0
3318.0
3290.0
3262.6
3346.0
Cacao
689.3
798.9
866.9
919.0
921.7
929.7
Coconut
3679.3
3696.6
3897.5
3884.9
3882.5
3886.4
Coffee
1122.4
1385.1
1322.0
1376.2
1380.8
1395.9
Rice field
7810.1
7787.3
7779.7
7748.8
8400.0
7696.2
23498.1
24806.7
27892.3
22885.3
27201.3
31194.9
1446.9
1325
1131
1781.5
2191
806.3
Palm oil
372.2
205.0
142.0
1123.0
151.0
240.0
Rubber
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
83.4
Cacao
26.2
68.0
52.1
2.7
8.0
0.0
Coconut
41.0
200.9
0.0
0.0
3.9
0.0
Coffee
14.8
0.0
54.2
4.6
15.1
0.0
Rice field
226.8
0.0
0.0
651.2
0.0
482.9
Others
766.0
851.1
882.7
0
2013
0
Others 2. Land converted to Cropland 2.1 Forest Land converted to Cropland
2.2 Grassland converted to Cropland 2.3 Wetlands converted to Cropland 2.4 Settlements converted to Cropland 2.5 Other Land converted to Cropland
8179.0
Contoh Tabel Perhitungan Emisi IPCC GL 2006
Hasil Inventory GHG Source and sink categories
-
20002001
20012002
20022003
20032004
20042005
(x Gg CO2) Total Land Use Categories A. Forest Land A.1. FL remaining FL
-
38,758.7
53,859.4
56,938.1
71,621
A.2. Land converted to FL
-
878.4
1,840.1
3,627.4
21,449
-
B. Crop Land
-
-
50,744 13,897 -
-
B.1. CL remaining CL
-
41,895.8
42,966.4
B.2. Land converted to CL
-
(730,696.6)
(650,099.7)
(1,367,265.2)
C. Grass Land
-
C.1. GL remaining GL
-
-
-
-
-
-
C.2. Land converted to GL
-
-
-
-
-
-
D. Wet Land
-
-
-
-
-
-
E. Settlements
-
Total
-
G. Other (specify)
-
(649,163.6)
-
33,098.0
-
-
(551,433.9)
(1,273,601.7)
-
-
32,363
26,345
(454,077)
(678,466)
(328,644)
(587,489)
-
-
Sumber Emisi/Serapan Kategori /Sub Kategori
Sumber Removal
Sumber emisi
FL-FL (UD, D, SGP, FGP)
Biomass growth
Wood removal, Fuel wood removal, Fire, Drained organic soils
L-FL (Reforestation, Abandoned ricefield, Hutan Rakyat, Gerakan tanam, Rehab. Mangrove)
Biomass growth, DOM
-
CL-CL (Sawit, karet, kelapa, sawah, kopi, dan others)
Biomass growth
Organic soil drainage
L-CL (FL-CL) (sawit, karet, sawah, others)
Biomass growth
Biomass loss, DOM dan Soil drainage
GL-GL
Tetap
Mineral soil pada lahan miring
L-GL WL-WL L-WL SL-SL L-SL
Potential : Pembangunan dam/bendungan
Mapping back IPCC GL 1996 LUCF categories 5A. Changes in forest and other woody biomass stocks
CO2 removal
CO2 emissions
CH4
N2O
CO
NOX
114,798.5 329,953.0
and grassland conversion 5C. Abandonment of croplands, pastures, plantation forests, or other managed lands 5D. CO2 emissions and removals from soils
729,655.2
-
-
81,639.9
216,312.5
-
5E. Others (Burning) TOTAL 1,060,766.2 411,592.9
3
-
1
41
3
-
1
41
Hasil Invent + Peatfire Studi No
Options
1
Study of 2000 the highest (Page et al, 2002)
2
Study of 2000 the lowest (IFCA, 2007)
3 4
Study of 2000 the latest (van der Warf et al. (2008) Average the highest (Page et al, 2002)
5
Average the lowest (IFCA, 2007)
6
Average of all studies all years The latest average (van der Warf et al. (2008),
Emission from Peatfires (Mt CO2) 711.0
Total (+ 649.16 Mt CO2)
2.4
1,360.2 652.6
172.0
821.2
3778.0 6.4 1206.0 466.0
4,427.2 656.6 1,855.2 1115.2
Kendala dan Upaya Perbaikan untuk Inventarisasi GRK IPCC GL 2006 memerlukan data lengkap perubahan lahan 6 kategori dan karbon pools : Data terbatas dan tidak konsisten sehingga banyak asumsi Banyaknya tipe hutan/vegetasi memerlukan lebih banyak studi untuk local emission/removal factors Data kebakaran peat (menggunakan studi asing) Rencana Perbaikan Dephut : Rekalkulasi 2008 dapat dilakukan setiap tahun dengan memperhatikan kategori IPCC Deptan : Perlu data landuse yang akurat untuk setiap komoditi dan menyesuaikan dengan IPCC Special attention untuk lahan gambut (fire dan drainase) Perlunya Institusi inventarisasi GRK
