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INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM VERSUS SOCIAL VALUES IN WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE’S ROMEO AND JULIET
A Thesis
by Yenni Sasmita Student Number: 99.80.0128
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME FACULTY OF LETTERS SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMARANG 2007
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INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM VERSUS SOCIAL VALUES IN WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE’S ROMEO AND JULIET
A Thesis Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements to Obtain the Sarjana Sastra Degree in the English Letters Study Programme
By Yenni Sasmita Student Number: 99.80.0128
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME FACULTY OF LETTERS SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMARANG 2007 i
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A THESIS ON
INDIVIDUAL FREEDOM VERSUS SOCIAL VALUES IN WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE’S ROMEO AND JULIET
by Yenni Sasmita Student Number: 99.80.0128
Approved by,
G.M. Adhyanggono, SS., MA Major Sponsor
Angelika Riyandari, SS., MA Co-Sponsor
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A thesis defended in front of the Board of Examiners on July 20, 2007 and declared acceptable
BOARD OF EXAMINERS
Chairperson
: G.M. Adhyanggono, SS., MA
………………..
Secretary
: Angelika Riyandari, SS., MA
………………..
Member
: B. Retang Wohangara, SS., M. Hum
………………..
Semarang, 20 july, 2007 Faculty of Letters Soegijapranata Catholic University Dean,
Heny Hartono, SS., M.PD 058.1.1998.221
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O PEN YO U R M O U TH A N D TA STE, O PEN YO U R EYES A N D SEE H O W GO O D GO D IS. (TH E M ESSA GE - PSA LM 34)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
First of all I would like to give my gratitude to Jesus Christ for all His guide, guard and blessings in my hard times. You said, “ Don’t run from suffering, embrace it. Follow Me and I’ll show you how”. Secondly, I also would like to give my great gratitude to Mr. G.M. Adhyanggono, SS., MA as my major sponsor and Mrs. Angelika Riyandari, SS., MA as my co- sponsor. Thanks for your patience, understanding, support, guidance and suggestions during my thesis writing process. I thank to Mr. B. Retang Wohangara, SS., M. Hum to his suggestions in finishing my thesis. Also, I would like to thank the Dean and all the lectures and staff in Faculty of Letters Soegijapranata Catholic University. Thirdly my gratitude goes to my beloved mother, father, sister and brothers. Thank you so much for all the supports, love, patience and prays. Your prayers are my strength to finish this thesis. My gratitude goes also to my fiancé; ko Theo, thanks for your love, attention, and patient to remind me finish my thesis. I love you. My appreciation will be sent to my best friends, Yunni. K.D, Nelly, Santi, Nita, Eneas, Soen Hok, Rany, Mel, thanks for your support and help. Also, to my friends in my boarding house, Hanna and levy ‘lelep’ who waiting me during my final examination, Hany, Yeni “bawang merah”, Kartika, I in, Vy, Oc, bebet. God bless you all. My endless gratitude goes to all of my partners in MERCY magazine, Pdt. Ko Simson, Pdm. Ci Rhanny, Iwan, Yin2, Joe, Yohan, Untung, Andhri, Hongky, Maya, and Ronny, thanks for your prayers and support.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGES OF TITLE___________________________________________________________i PAGES OF APPROVAL_____________________________________________________ii BOARD OF EXAMINERS___________________________________________________iii ACKNOWLEDGEMETS____________________________________________________v TABLE OF CONTENTS____________________________________________________vi ABSTRACT_____________________________________________________________viii ABSTRAK_______________________________________________________________ix CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION_______________________________________________ 1 1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY________________________________________________________ 1 1.2. SCOPE OF THE STUDY________________________________________________________________ 4 1.3. PROBLEM FORMULATION____________________________________________________________ 4 1.4. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY__________________________________________________________ 5 1.5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY________________________________________________________ 5 1.6. DEFINITION OF TERMS _______________________________________________________________5
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE______________________________________8 2.1. SOCIOLOGICAL APPROACH___________________________________________________________8 2.2. SHAKESPEARE’S ROMEO AND JULIET_________________________________________________ 9 2.3. RENAISSANCE TIMES________________________________________________________________10 2.4. ITALIAN RENAISSANCE______________________________________________________________11 2.5. SOCIAL VALUES/ NORMS IN ENGLISH RENAISSANCE__________________________________ 12
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY_________________________________ 18 CHAPTER IV DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION_____________________ 20 4.1. THE RELATIONS BETWEEN ROMEO-JULIET AND OTHER CHARACTERS ARE COMPLEX: CONFLICTS AND HARMONY_________________________________________________________20 4.1.1. CONFLICTS IN BETWEEN ROMEO-JULIET AND OTHER CHARACTERS_______________21 4.1.2. ROMEO-JULIET VERSUS FAMILIES’ CONFLICT____________________________________22 4.1.3. ROMEO-JULIET VERSUS FRIAR LAURENCE_______________________________________23 4.1.4. ROMEO-JULIET VERSUS SOCIETY_______________________________________________24 4.1.5. HARMONY_____________________________________________________________________26 4.2. THE ANALYSIS OF ROMEO-JULIET COMPLEX SITUATION IN RENAISSANCE VALUES_____27
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4.2.1. THE RELATION BETWEEN ROMEO AND JULIET IN ENGLISH RENAISSANCE_________28 4.2.2. THE MARRIAGE IN ENGLISH RENAISSANCE: ROMEO AND JULIET__________________30 4.2.3. THE OBEDIENCE TO RELIGION RELATED TO THE SOCIAL CONDITION OR RENAISSANCE IN ENGLAND____________________________________________________31
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION_____________________________________________34 BIBLIOGRAPHY_______________________________________________________37 APPENDIX
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ABSTRACT
The relationship between man and woman is very complicated. There are many things to consider before they are deciding to be a lover/ a couple and getting married. The background of the family in the society is the most important thing. It is true, that people are free to choose a husband or a wife to be with, but the society and their environment have a big part of it. Romeo and Juliet is an example of forbidden love because their family backgrounds are always in feud. The objectives of this study are to find out the complex relationship between Romeo and Juliet as the major characters in the play in relation to other characters. This study will continue to find out how their actions and behaviors were confronted with values of the Elizabethan society. So, to analyze this thesis, the writer uses sociological approach. The writer used this approach to know the social condition of Italy at Renaissance times on which the drama was set. Based on this study, the writer find out that there are many conflict of characters in this play such as: Romeo vs. Juliet, Romeo family vs. Juliet family, Romeo/ Juliet vs. Friar, Romeo/Juliet vs. society. The main characters are much influenced by the Elizabethan era society and their environment because other characters around them influence their ways of thinking and action. If someone was against the social norms at that time, he or she would be easily stigmatized punished by society.
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ABSTRAK
Hubungan antara pria dan wanita sangat rumit. Ada banyak faktor yang harus dipertimbangkan sebelum memutuskan untuk menjadi sepasang kekasih dan kemudian menikah. Latar belakang keluarga dalam suatu masyarakat merupakan hal yang terpenting. Memang benar, bahwa merupakan kebebasan seseorang untuk memilih suami atau istri, namun masyarakat dan lingkungan sekitarnya juga mendapat bagian yang sangat besar bagi kehidupan seseorang. Romeo dan Juliet merupakan salah satu contoh dari cinta yang terlarang karena latar belakang keluarga mereka yang selalu dalam permusuhan. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana hubungan Romeo dan Juliet sebagai pemeran utama dalam drama ini dengan hubungannya dengan pemeran yang lain. Studi ini akan dilanjutkan dengan mencari bagaimana tindakan dan kelakuan mereka dihadapkan dengan nilai- nilai yang ada dalam masyarakat Elizabeth. Dalam menganalisa skripsi ini, penulis menggunakan pendekatan sosiologi. Penulis menggunakan pendekatan tersebut untuk mengetahui kondisi social Itali pada saat itu pada zaman Renaissance yang merupakan seting dari drama tersebut. Berdasarkan studi tersebut, penulis menemukan bahwa ada banyak sekali konflik yang terjadi dalam karakter- karakter yang ada dalam drama tersebut, seperti: Romeo- Juliet, keluarga Romeo-keluarga Juliet, Romeo/ Juliet- Friar, Romeo/ Juliet- masyarakat. Pemeran utama sangat dipengaruhi oleh masyarakat sosial dan lingkungan di masa Elizabeth karena karakter- karakter yang lain juga mempengaruhi cara mereka berfikir dan bertindak. Seseorang yang menentang norma- norma sosial yang berlaku akan diberi ganjaran oleh masyarakatnya.
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