International Update 20 maart 2014
Paul Hurks Manager International Relations NBA
IFAC CAPACITY BUILDING METHODOLOGY Strengthening the Accountancy Profession through Professional Accountancy Organizations (PAO’s) Capacity Building
Strengthening the Accountancy Profession (IFAC) Integrated ‘catalyzing’ concept through PAO Capacity Building IFAC is committed to monitoring the quality of PAOs (in collaboration with regional organizations, partner-PAOs and donors)
130
PAOs are committed to monitoring competency, capability and performance of accountancy professionals (preparers, assurance providers, accountants in business in private and public sector) (in collaboration with local stakeholders and authorities)
2.5 million
Accountancy professionals are committed to monitoring the integrity of public and private sector organizations and representatives and the quality of (financial) information Organizations and representatives in private & public sector
IFAC in general (1) International Federation of Accountants • Foundation – 1977, New York City
• Network – 180 members and associates (PAOs) in 130 countries, >2.5 million accountants
• Mission – “To serve the public interest, strengthen the worldwide accountancy profession and contribute to the development of strong international economies, emphasize globilisation & public interest, enhancing economic growth & wealth, reducing poverty”
• Recognition – Increasing recognition of IFAC’s work by international organizations, including INTOSAI, IOSCO, Donor Community and G20
IFAC in general (2) IFAC serves the public interest by • • • • •
•
Being an active and credible contributor to the development of high-quality international standards and guidance Promoting and facilitating the consistent adoption and high-quality implementation strengthening the accountancy profession in developing and transitional economies through strong, effective PAOs Working in partnership with governments and authorities to support enhanced transparency and accountability in private and public sector reporting inclusive approach, supporting the diverse needs of professional accountants in business, small and medium enterprises and practices, and other parts of the profession The voice of the profession: speaking out on public interest issues
IFAC Compliance Program IFAC Statements of Membership Obligations (SMO’s): • • • • • • •
SMO 1 SMO 2 SMO 3 SMO 4 SMO 5 SMO 6 SMO 7
Quality Assurance Education Standards Auditing & Assurance Standards Standards of Ethics Public Sector Accounting Standards Investigation & Discipline IFRS
Compliance program: • • • •
Ongoing self assessment for members and associates Measurement at country level: ‘best endeavour principle’ Questionnaires: country professional environment mapping and PAOpositioning Action Plan (7 SMOs)
PAO Capacity Building (1) Global need: 150 countries = >$100m
Countries in the world: 200
Countries with PAOs and IFAC respresentation (member/associate): 130
Countries with full developed PAOs: 50
IFAC PAO development annual financial contribution: $1m
PAO Capacity Building (2) Global need: 150 countries = >$100m Europe and CIS
Latin America and Caribbean
Middle-East
Africa
Asia
Pacific
PAO Capacity Building (3) Global Need
Prioritizing countries without IFAC representation . Priority
No priority
Africa
Europe and CIS
Burundi Burkina Faso Ethiopia Mali Mozambique
Belarus Tajikistan Turkmenistan
Latin America & Caribbean Eastern Caribbean Ecuador Suriname
Asia Afghanistan Bhutan Laos Maldives Myanmar Timor-Leste
Middle-East Palestine Qatar United Arab Emirates
Africa
Asia
Algeria Angola Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comores DR Congo Congo Brazzaville Djibouti Eritrea Gabon Gambia Guinea Guinea-Bissau Equatorial Guinea Libya Mauretania Namibia Niger Somalia Sudan/South Sudan Western Sahara
North-Korea Macau
Latin America & Caribbean Belize Cuba Galapagos Islands Venezuela
Europe and CIS Uzbekistan
Middle-East Oman Syria
Pacific Guam Kiribati Mashall Islands Micronesia Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu
PAO Capacity Building Methodology (1) The ‘building blocks’:
PAO Sustainability (I) Viability in the professional environment PAO Standards and Enforcement (II) Adoption & Implementation (A&I) of international standards PAO Relevance (III) Public Society and Member Connectivity
PAO Capacity Building Methodology (2) PAO Sustainability (I) Viability in the professional environment
• PAO positioning (1) foundation (legal and regulatory), oversight
• PAO institutional and managerial capacity (2) governance, management and infra-structure, business model, funding
• PAO professional and intellectual capacity (3) professionalism, public interest mindset, values, ethics and professional behavior
PAO Capacity Building Methodology (3) PAO Standards and Enforcement (II) Adoption & Implementation (A&I) of international standards
• Education, Training and Professional Qualification (4) A&I SMO2: Education Standards and other IAESB-pronouncements
• Values and Ethics (5) A&I SMO4: Code of Ethics and other IESBA-pronouncements
• Standards: Adoption and Implementation (6) A&I SMO3: ISAs, ISQC1 and other IAASB-pronouncements A&I SMO5: IPSASs and other IPSASB-pronouncements A&I SMO7: IFRSs and other IASB-pronouncements
• Monitoring and Enforcement (7) A&I SMO1: Quality Assurance requirements A&I SMO6: Investigation and Discipline requirements
PAO Capacity Building Methodology (4) PAO Relevance (III) Connectivity
• Public Services (8) PAO processes for acting in the public interest as a civil society entity (local voice of the profession, advocacy and influence, research, policy dialogues, networking, authority and market recognition)
• Member Services (9) PAO processes for supporting members (all member groupings) for acting in the public interest (advocacy and influence, research, market conditions, policy dialogues, networking, guidance, tools, translations, database, helpdesk, CPD)
PAO Capacity Building Methodology (5) Development Levels towards strong, effective PAO’s 1. ad hoc or no operational practice (> awareness creation) – No recognition of understanding of requirements and processes
2. informal practice (> design) – awareness and reliance lies with individuals
3. basic practice (> adoption) – minimum requirements understood and achieved, basic processes in place
4. good practice (> implementation) – full understanding, processes are in place and owned, limited initiatives for continuous improvement
5. best practice (> monitoring) – advanced level of understanding and processes, internal assessment and monitoring
PAO Capacity Building Methodology (6) Building Blocks Development Level
Sustainablity
Standards and Enforcement
Relevance
Positioning, Founding
Governance
Professionalism
Education, Training & PQ
Ethics & Values
Accounting, Quaality Control & Assurance
Quality Assurance & Enforcement
Public Society Service & Connectivity
Member Service & Connectivity
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
Level 1 Awareness
Level 2 Design
Level 3 Adoption
Level 4 Implementation
Level 5 Monitoring
PAO Capacity Building Methodology (7) Concluding remarks: •
PAO-to-PAO partnerships (mentoring)
•
Collaboration with regional organizations and PAO’s (south-south)
•
Collaboration with international firm networks (CSR) for tailoring international expertise to local practice (translations, tools, guidance, experts)
•
Donor community funding (World Bank, development banks, states)
•
Tailored multi-year programs (5 -10 years), 45 project objectives in the full spectrum, level by level, private and public sector
•
IFAC management: project diagnostics, program validation, supervision, monitoring & evaluation; link with IFAC Compliance Program Action Plans
•
Country selection in collaboration with funding organization, conditions: fertile soil, beneficiary’s ownership and leadership
•
Staggered approach (25-30 years), peer-to-peer learning
Q&A
In Brussel is men er klaar mee, het is nu aan anderen….. Jos van Huut International Advisory Partner Mazars Lid bestuur NBA Vice-President FEE en voorzitter EGIAN
FEE FEDERATES PROFESSIONAL INSTITUTES ACROSS EUROPE
48 professional institutes of accountants and auditors 36 European countries, including all EU 28 800.000 professionals incl. all sections of the profession: large, medium, small practices, business, public sector
21-3-2014
21
FEE adds value to Members Representation toward stakeholders Analysing and influencing public policy developments Promoting cooperation among Members
EC, EP, Council, ESMA, EBA, EIOPA, IOSCO - IASB, EFRAG, IIRC, IFAC, IAASB, IESBA, IPSASB, CAGs, PCAOB, OECD etc.
Informs, advises & influences EU & international regulation, public policy, standard setting etc. Facilitates consensus between Institutes, accountancy firms (big & small)…
Standing for trust and integrity
FEE e Newsletter
Green paper on Audit Policy; lessons learned from financial crisis White paper publiced in November 2011
Compromise December 2013
21-3-2014
“Auditors have an important role to play and are entrusted by law to conduct statutory audits” “…concerns with regard to the relevance of audits in todays’ business environment” “To ensure that both audits of financial statements and auditors reports are fit for purpose”
Status Quo not an option
21-3-2014
Politici lijken ervan overtuigd dat: Hoge mate van marktconcentratie belemmerend werkt op verbetering van controle kwaliteit en innoverend vermogen.
KERNPUNTEN: - Verplichte kantoorroulatie - Scheiding controle en advies - Europees extern toezicht (ESMA)
21-3-2014
“Although less ambitious than initially proposed by the Commission, landmark measures to strenghten the independence of auditors have been endorsed, particulary in the auditing of financial institutions and listed companies. This will ensure that auditors will be key contributors to economic and financial stability”
It is now time for auditors to meet the challenges of their role – a societal role
21-3-2014
Wat is bereikt? Verduidelijking maatschappelijke rol Meer waarborgen voor onafhankelijkheid Meer dynamische markt
Vastgelegd in een Directive en in een Regulation, met veel opties voor Member States eigen keuzes te maken.
21-3-2014
Preparing for a new playing field
N
O
U
R
E
X
T
M
O
V 21-3-2014
E
De gevolgen voor ons in Nederland • Ter zake van de kernpunten: termijn voor verplichte roulatie afkoelingsperiode langere overgangstermijn verbod adviesdiensten extra eis van 70% cap • Andere punten: opties voor verlengen rotatie termijn, joint audit en tendering auditors reporting extern toezicht, rol NBA governance, audit commitees
21-3-2014
Waar staan we nu en hoe nu verder? Tijd voor discussie
21-3-2014
STEUNEN OP WERKZAAMHEDEN VAN EEN BUITENLANDSE ACCOUNTANT: OMGAAN MET BIG DATA? Hans Verkruijsse Professor Accounting Information Systems Tilburg University
Analyse van de gestelde vraag
1. Twee aspecten: a. Steunen op een andere accountant b. Omgaan met big data
2. Verschil in bekendheid: a. Standaard 600 al sinds minimaal RAC 1998 b. The next big thing? Accountant maart 2014
Agenda
• Standaard 600: Speciale overwegingen – Controles van financiële overzichten van de groep; paragraaf 19 vereisten te stellen vragen beschikbare informatie
• Big Data • Antwoord op de gestelde vraag
Standaard 600 paragraaf 19 vereisten
Vereisten: Begrijpen en naleven ethische voorschriften die op de groepscontrole betrekking hebben Voldoende deskundigheid van de accountant Voldoende betrokkenheid opdrachtteam Wordt op actieve wijze toezicht op accountants uitgeoefend.
Standaard 600 paragraaf 19 vereisten
Wie geeft antwoord op de volgende vragen: Lidmaatschap accountantsfirma voldoende? Zijn de IFAC standaarden geaccepteerd? Zijn de IFAC standaarden geïmplementeerd? Hebben de standaarden kracht van wet? Hoe is het toezicht geregeld? Hoe deskundig is iedere accountant? Hoe is het PE geregeld? Hoe lang is een licentie geldend?
Global Accountancy Development Institute
GADI: Tilburg University, department Accountancy Core research team NBA en de VU, Paul Hurks DePaul University, Prof. Bel Needles en Prof. Gert Karreman Leiden University, Prof Hans Kuijl en Anthon Verweij Tilburg University Prof. Eddy Vaassen, Prof. Hans Verkruijsse en Rudy van Maaren CARANA Corporation, USA, Bill Phelps.
Global Accountancy Development Institute
GADI: Supportive International Organizations FEE, European Federation of Accountants IAAER, International Association for Accounting Education and Research IAESB, International Accounting Education Standards Board IAASB, International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board IASCF, International Accounting Standards Committee Foundation IFAC, International Federation of Accountants overige boards NASBA, National Association of State Boards of Accounting USAID, United States Agency for International Development WB, World Bank
Global Accountancy Development Institute
GADI: Meest belangrijke sponsoren ACCA, Association of Certified Chartered Accountants, United Kingdom HKICPA, Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Hong Kong IFAC Standards Boards, United States of America ICAS, Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland, United Kingdom OEC, Ordre des Experts-Comptables, France NBA, Dutch Professional Organization for Accountants SAICA, South African Institute of Chartered Accountants, South Africa
Global Accountancy Transparency Information
GATI: bestaat uit 8 Pillars Pillar 1, Legal, Regulatory and Institutional Framework Pillar 2, Audit, Assurance and Quality Control Pillar 3, Professional Accountancy Education Pillar 4, International Public Sector Accounting Standards Pillar 5, International Financial Reporting Standards Pillar 6, Ethics & Discipline Pillar 7, Corporate Governance – Integrated Reporting Pillar 8, Professional Accountancy Association Institutional Capacity
website operationeel eind maart 2014 pillar 3
Global Accountancy Transparency Information
GATI: Pillar 3, Professional Accountancy Education Eerste rapportage uitgebracht in 2002 Laatste rapportage uitgebracht in 2013 Gegevens van 44 landen opgenomen Een 12-tal schrijvers Recentelijk: NASBA, Global accountancy education recognition study Presentatie AAA anual midyear meeting 2014 Binnenkort: Presentatie Wereld Conferentie van IFAC in Rome Presentatie Wereld Conferentie van IAAER in Florence
Agenda
• Standaard 600: Speciale overwegingen – Controles van financiële overzichten van de groep; paragraaf 19 • Big Data wat is big data eigenlijk? wat zijn de kenmerken? welke problemen moeten we oplossen?
• Antwoord op de gestelde vraag
In welk IT-tijdperk leven we eigenlijk?
IT-tijdperken: mainframes PC’s laptops tablets SMAC Social media Mobile Analytics Cloud
Waar komen we vandaan met onze data?
Hoe ‘Big’ is Big Internet: 2001: 2013:
1 exabyte 365 exabyte
Opgeslagen data: 2009: 2020:
800 exabyte 40.000 exabyte
1 exabyte = 1.000.000.000.000.000.000 = 1018 bytes = 1 miljoen terabytes = 1 miljard gigabytes 64 bits computer kan 16 exabyte aan
Operating systems utilities
Control system
Application
Kennis
Data
Operating systems utilities
Control system
Application
Kennis
Data
Operating systems utilities
Control system
Application
Kennis
Data
Operating systems utilities
Control system
Application
Kennis
Data
Operating systems utilities
Control system
Application
Kennis
Data
Modularisatie
Big data kenmerken
Big data kenmerken
Wat voor data is het?
Welk probleem moeten we oplossen
Om big data te kunnen gebruiken moeten we: de data: • structureren • valideren • eenduidige betekenis geven
Software ontwikkelen die kennis eraan kan onttrekken: • expert systemen • neurale netwerken • zelflerende systemen
Zelflerende systemen, een voorbeeld
Vergelijkbaar met
Google gebruikt zelflerende systemen De Google-onderzoekers lieten hun neurale netwerk los op een big data verzameling van 10 miljoen YouTube-filmpjes, waarin het op zoek ging naar afbeeldingen van katten. De software deed dit zonder menselijke interventie, waarbij het systeem 'kat' modelleerde en in de plaatjes zocht naar overeenkomstige afbeeldingen.
Diverse sectoren Woolmart: met automatische boodschappenlijstjes op basis van koopgedrag Ascribe: tools voor in de medische sector om sneller grote hoeveelheid medische data te analyseren SAS: fraude framework nu in gebruik door CZ en Achmea Onderwijs: leerresultaten voorspellen en studiekeuze adviseren
Besparingen? Mckinsey bij volledig gebruik van Big Data: Retailer: operationele marge verbetering met 60%; US healthcare: $ 330 miljard besparing per jaar; Ontwikkelde landen in de EU: € 100 miljard per jaar; Bij gebruik van persoonlijke informatie gekoppeld aan locatiegegevens een besparing van $ 600 miljard. Te kort aan analisten, specialist in big data in de US in 2018: 140.000 – 190.000 en 1,5 miljoen managers en analisten met algemene kennis.
Agenda
• Standaard 600: Speciale overwegingen – Controles van financiële overzichten van de groep; paragraaf 19 • Big Data Antwoord op de gestelde vraag: waarvoor gebruiken? hoe win/win met de cliënt? kan ik steunen?
Waar gebruiken we het NU voor?
• • • • •
Analyse van data van cliënt Trendanalyse over cliënten heen Analyse met peers Altijd terugkijkend naar de cliënt Minimale toegevoegde waarde voor de cliënt
Wat te doen SAMEN met en ZONDER de cliënt?
• Ontwerpen van concepten als: – continuous monitoring – continuous interne audit – continuous external audit – Data level assurance ontwikkelen
• Afstand nemen van materialiteit/significantie • Volledige in plaats van volkomen controle • Controle op meta data niveau
Steunen op buitenlandse accountant?
Bij volledig gebruik van big data op de manier dat een win/win situatie met de cliënt ontstaat? Neen Door: Te weinig deskundigheid Ontbreken van methodologieën Ontbreken van theoretische concepten
Conclusie en samenvatting
Ontwerp: Continuous monitoring concepten Continuous auditing concepten Data level assurance concepten Assurance by default concepten Continuüm van assurance levels
Conclusie en samenvatting
Stop: Met denken vanuit het heden = DOCUMENT DRIVEN
Denk vanuit de toekomst = DATA DRIVEN
Om het te realiseren: Think out of the box
Doet soms even pijn
Dank voor uw aandacht! E-mail:
[email protected] Internet: www.nba.nl www.accountant.nl Twitter: @accountant_nl @nbacc @nbayoungprofs LinkedIn: Nederlandse Beroepsorganisatie van Accountants
