ABSTRAK
HUBUNGAN FAKTOR KARAKTERISTIK DENGAN TINGKAT PEMAHAMAN IBU HAMIL DI PUSKESMAS HAURGEULIS – INDRAMAYU TERHADAP PESAN ANTENATAL CARE (ANC) YANG TERDAPAT DI DALAM BUKU KIA JICA CETAKAN TAHUN 2011 Monica, 2012 ; Pembimbing I Pembimbing II
: Rimonta F Gunanegara, dr., Sp.OG. : Winny Suwindere, drg., M.S
Latar belakang : Buku KIA adalah sarana yang tepat dalam upaya meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil. Pada dasarnya pengetahuan seseorang dipengaruhi oleh umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan dan pengalaman. Oleh karena itu secara tidak langsung faktor-faktor tersebut juga akan mempengaruhi tingkat pemahaman seseorang terhadap suatu informasi. Angka kematian ibu di Puskesmas Haurgeulis tergolong tinggi, sehingga peneliti ingin mengetahui tingkat pemahaman ANC di puskesmas ini. Metode : Rancangan penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan desain cross-sectional. Penelitian dilakukan pada Desember 2011 - Oktober 2012. Sampel penelitian adalah ibu hamil di desa Sukajati kecamatan Haurgeulis kabupaten Indramayu yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode kuesioner. Data selanjutnya di deskripsikan dalam bentuk tabel, serta dilakukan uji chi kuadrat, korelasi spearman dan uji mamnwhitney dengan menggunakan program SPSS for windows 15.0 Kriteria hasil : hasil analisis hubungan antara umur dengan tingkat pengetahuan dengan uji chi kuadrat dengan p = 0.610 (tidak bermakna) dan uji spearman dengan p = 0.947 (tidak bermakna). Pendidikan dengan tingkat pemahaman ibu hamil dengan uji chi kuadrat dengan p = 0.831 (tidak bermakna) dan uji spearman dengan p = 0.873 (tidak bermakna). Pekerjaan dengan tingkat pemahaman dengan uji chi kuadrat p = 0.160 (tidak bermakna) dan uji Mann-Whitney dengan p = 0.328 (tidak bermakna). Pengalaman dengan tingkat pengetahuan dengan uji chi kuadrat dengan p = 0.523 (tidak bermakna) dan uji Mann-Whitney dengan p=0.662 (tidak bermakna). Simpulan : faktor karakteristik tidak berhubungan dengan tingkat pemahaman ibu hamil terhadap pesan antenatal care yang terdapat di dalam buku KIA. Kata kunci : Buku KIA, antenatal care, tingkat pemahaman ibu hamil, Puskesmas Haurgeulis
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ABSTRACT
RELATION CHARACTERISTIC FACTORS WITH MOTHERS’ KNOWLEDGE IN PUSKESMAS HAURGEULIS – INDRAMAYU ON ANTENATAL CARE MESSAGES OF THE MCH HANDBOOK JICA PRINTED 2011 Monica, 2012 ; 1st Tutor 2nd Tutor
: Rimonta F Gunanegara, dr., Sp.OG : Winny Suwindere, drg., M.S
Backgroud : MCH Handbook is the right tool to enchance expectant mothers’ knowledge. Basically the knowledge depends on age, education, occupation, and experience. Those factors indirectly affect the level of one’s understanding about certain information. Method : the research program is observational analytic by means of crosssectional design. Research carried out in Desember 2011 – October 2012. The sampel are expectant mothers from desa Sukajati kecamatan Haurgeulis kabupaten Indramayu which fulfills the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. Data collected using by questionnaires, data would be described using tables and pictures, chi square test, spearman correlation test and mann-whitney test are conducted using SPSS for windows 15.0 Result criterias: the analysis of the relationship between age and the expectant mothers’ level of understanding, using chi square test resulted p=0.610 (nonsignificant) and spearman correlation test resulted p=0.947 (non-significant). The analysis of the relationship between education and the expectant mothers’ level of understanding, using chi square test resulted p=0.831 (non-significant) and spearman correlation test resulted p=0.873 (non-significant). The analysis of the relationship between occupational and the expectant mothers’ level of understanding, using chi square test resulted p=0.160 (non-significant) and mann-whitney test resulted p=0.328 (non-significant). The analysis of the relationship between experience reading MCH Handbook and the expectant mothers’ level of understanding, using chi square test resulted p=0.523 (nonsignificant) and mann-whitney test resulted p=0.662 (non-significant). Conclusion : characteristic factors is not related with the level of expectant mothers understanding about the antenatal care message conveyed in MCH Handbook. Keyword : MCH Handbook, antenatal care, characteristic factors, Puskesmas Haurgeulis
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DAFTAR ISI
JUDUL ................................................................................................................ i LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN .............................................................................. ii SURAT PERNYATAAN .................................................................................. iii ABSTRAK......................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... v KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... vi DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................. xi DAFTAR SINGKATAN .................................................................................. xii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................... xiii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................... 1 1.1
Latar Belakang ....................................................................................... 1
1.2
Identifikasi Masalah ............................................................................... 4
1.3
Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................... 4
1.4
Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................................. 5
1.5
Kerangka Pemikiran ............................................................................... 5
1.6
Hipotesis Penelitian ................................................................................ 6
1.7
Metodologi Penelitian ............................................................................ 6
1.8
Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian .................................................................. 6
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ....................................................................... 7 2.1
Pengetahuan ........................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 Pengertian Pengetahuan ..................................................................... 7
2.1.2 Proses Penyerapan Ilmu Pengetahuan ................................................ 8 2.1.3 Cara Mengukur Pengetahuan ............................................................. 8 2.1.4 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pengetahuan........................................... 9 2.2
Antenatal Care ..................................................................................... 11
2.2.1 Definisi ............................................................................................ 11
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2.2.2 Standar Pelayanan Antenatal Care ................................................... 11 2.2.3 Tujuan Pelayanan Antenatal Care .................................................... 12 2.3
Buku KIA ............................................................................................ 12
2.3.1 Tujuan ............................................................................................. 13 2.3.2 Manfaat ........................................................................................... 13 2.3.2.1 Manfaat Umum....................................................................... 13 2.3.2.2 Manfaat Khusus ...................................................................... 13 2.3.3 Komponen dalam Buku KIA............................................................ 13 2.3.3.1 Komponen Ibu ........................................................................ 13 2.3.3.2 Komponen Anak ..................................................................... 14 2.3.4 Peran Antenatal Care dalam Buku KIA .......................................... 15 BAB III BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN .......................................... 17 3.1
Ruang Lingkup Penelitian .................................................................... 17
3.1.1 Ruang lingkup Ilmu ......................................................................... 17 3.1.2 Ruang Lingkup Tempat ................................................................... 17 3.1.3 Ruang Lingkup Waktu ..................................................................... 17 3.2
Rancangan Penelitian ........................................................................... 17
3.3
Variabel Penelitian ............................................................................... 17
3.3.1 Variabel Independen ........................................................................ 17 3.3.2 Variabel Dependen .......................................................................... 17 3.3.3 Definisi Operasional Variabel .......................................................... 18 3.4
Subjek Penelitian ................................................................................. 19
3.4.1 Populasi Penelitian .......................................................................... 19 3.4.2 Sampel Penelitian ............................................................................ 19 3.4.3 Teknik Pengambilan Sampel ............................................................ 19 3.4.4 Besar Sampel ................................................................................. 19 3.4.5 Kriteria Inklusi ................................................................................ 19 3.4.6 Kriteria Eksklusi .............................................................................. 20 3.5
Alat dan Bahan ..................................................................................... 20
3.6
Prosedur Penelitian ............................................................................... 20
3.6.1 Jenis Data ........................................................................................ 20
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3.6.2 Waktu dan Tempat Pengumpulan Data ............................................ 20 3.7
Analisis Data ........................................................................................ 20
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN........................................................... 21 4.1
Hasil Penelitian .................................................................................... 21
4.1.1 Analisis Sampel ............................................................................... 21 4.1.2 Analisis Deskriptif ........................................................................... 21 4.1.3 Analisis Analitik .............................................................................. 24 4.2
Pembahasan ......................................................................................... 27
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN.................................................................. 28 5.1
Simpulan .............................................................................................. 28
5.2
Saran .................................................................................................... 28
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ....................................................................................... 29 LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................................... 31 RIWAYAT HIDUP .......................................................................................... 74
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 4.1 Distribusi responden menurut umur ................................................. 21 Tabel 4.2 Distribusi responden menurut pendidikan ........................................ 22 Tabel 4.3 Distribusi responden menurut pekerjaan .......................................... 23 Tabel 4.4
Distribusi responden menurut pengalaman memiliki dan membaca buku KIA ........................................................................................ 23
Tabel 4.5
Distribusi responden menurut tingkat pemahaman ........................... 24
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DAFTAR SINGKATAN
AKB
: Angka Kematian Bayi
AKI
: Angka Kematian Ibu
AKN
: Angka Kematian Neonatus
ANC
: Antenatal Care
APBN : Anggaran Pembiayaan dan Belanja Negara IQ
: Intelegensi Quotient
JICA
: Japan International Cooperation Agency
KB
: Keluarga Berencana
KH
: Kelahiran Hidup
KIA
: Kesehatan Ibu Anak
KMS
: Kartu Menuju Sehat
LILA
: Lingkar Lengan Atas
MCH
: Mother Child Health
MDG
: Milenium Development Gold
P4K
: Perencanaan Persalinan dan Pencegahan Komplikasi
SDKI
: Survey Demografi Kesehatan Indonesia
TFU
: Tinggi Fundus Uteri
TT
: Tetanus Toxoid
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 Informed Consent .......................................................................... 31 Lampiran 2 Kuesioner ...................................................................................... 32 Lampiran 3 Data Ibu Hamil Puskesmas Haurgeulis .......................................... 36 Lampiran 4 Hasil Penelitian ............................................................................. 48 Lampiran 5 Hasil Analisis Data ........................................................................ 55 Lampiran 6 Buku KIA...................................................................................... 64 Lampiran 7 Kode Etik Kedokteran ................................................................... 73
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