THE ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH BY TRADERS AT TOURIST RESORT: AN ETHONGRAPHIC STUDY AT GILI TRAWANGAN TOURIST RESORT OF NORTH LOMBOK‐NTB
Thesis submitted to fulfill of the requirements for the completion of Graduate Degree in Language Studies BY MUSLIMIN NIM: S.200100019 DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE STUDIES GRADUATE PROGRAM MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2012
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MOTTO
Do not satisfy to the knowledge and Iman that you have had, but you have to satisfy to the all things that has been dropped by God
I Believe to Islam, it is the rigid religion and a real science. So what is believable may not thinkable and all of thinkable could be believed. Thus, what believed is not such as you think.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of the Lord, the rigid King of all humankind, the holly One, the great One as the absolute of truth Maker, who creates human’s brain, heart, and desire. The deep gratitudes was only addressed for Him, because He drops the great healtness, He gives the age of life to still being a human on this Earth, thus, the thesis could be completed. His name is Allah Subhanahuwata’ala, and because of the all of His blessing and perfectly given, the completing process in writing a thesis with entitled “THE ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH BY TRADERS” has had finished. After the great thanks to Allah, he also want to send a thank to the rector of this university, Prof. Dr. Bambang Setiaji who allows him to develops his knowledge level from the first arrival until today as a student. Another one is addressed to the Director of post graduate program of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Prof. Dr. Huzdalifah Dimyati with the all of his work’s partners who have spent their times hardly in programming and arranging the master program as perfect as the student’s need. The writer wants to say again for the head of master of language study of graduate program, Prof. Markhamah, a lot of thanks for her huge struggling in managing the all of study program to be the gorgeous and meticulous works until this program has been running too well. For special thanks are objected to the enormous and honorable first consultant, Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziaty, M.Hum and the second consultant, Dra. Siti Zuhriah, M.Hum, who have spent the times for giving the great guidance, a wide enlightenment and the perfect advisement until this scientific work compactly narrated. Afterwards, the author really thanks to the greatest women in his life, his mother, Siti Aminah and deep pray for the good father, (alm) Arahman Junaid. They are the two men who lead him to be the good man, who are also teach him to be the man who has to remember and act the right cases and leave the fool thing from the day of birth until today and hopefully until the end of life. Similar thanks to his
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beloved brothers, Syafril and Irwansyah and also for his sisters, Sri Suryanti, Nuraini, and Fatmah. Finally, he wants to state a lot of thanks to the all of friends in each of their group names KCI, IMM, MAPALA, FORMS NTB (Ridwan‐Don Carleon, Abrar‐Don Tataglia, Ichlas‐Don Fadelklass, Kasman‐Don Kastelino, Hamjah‐Don Gamjato, Wahyudinsyah‐Don Carleto, Khadafi‐Don Ifinko, Rahmi Siwe, Eka‐Ina Al, Hasan‐Don Hartosan, Huda‐Don Yomand Rembang and all other) DIMENSI, SOLO INSTITUT RESEARCH, etc. They are very helpful; they are great, clever and gorgeous. In this canon and forever, he prays for the good blessing from the almighty Al‐Akbar, Allah SWT will always beside them.
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Surakarta, 10 Agustus 2012
Writer
LIST OF TABLE 1. Types of Input (4.1)
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2. Types of Output (4.2)
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3. Age and Cognitive Flaccidity (4.3)
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4. Ego Permeability Act (4.4)
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LIST OF FIGURE 1. Listening to Music (4.1)
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2. Reading Banners (4.2)
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3. Singing (4.3)
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4. Less of Enclosure (4.4)
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5. The Great Psychological Distance (4.5)
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6. Language Shock (4.6)
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7. The Less of Motivation (4.7)
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8. The Strong of Motivation (4.8)
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9. Route of English Acquisiton in GTTR (5.1)
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LIST OF ABREVIATION 1. SLA & L2A (Second Language Acquisition)
2. TLL (Target Language Learner)
3. TL (Target Language) 4. GTTR (Gili Trawangan Tourist Resort) 5. GT (Gili Trawangan) 6. LA (Language Acquirer) 7. EA (English Acquirer) 8. LOR (Length of Resident) 9. LS (Language Seeker) 10. LO (Language Owner)
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TABLE OF CONTENT TITLE PAGE.............................................................................................. ADVISOR’S APPROVAL..........................................................................
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ADVISOR’S NOTE I……………………………………………………..
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ADVISOR’S NOTE II................................................................................
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DECLARATION.........................................................................................
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MOTTO …………………..........................................................................
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..........................................................................
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LIST OF TABLE .......................................................................................
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LIST OF FIGURE ………………………………………………………..
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LIST OF ABREVIATION ………………………………………………
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TABLE OF CONTENT .............................................................................
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ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………….
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ABSTRAK...................................................................................................
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CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION.............................................................
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A. Background of the Study..................................................................
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B. Research Problem............................................................................
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C. Objective of the Study......................................................................
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D. Benefit of the Study..........................................................................
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1. Practical Benefit: ........................................................................
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2. Theoretical Benefit: ..................................................................
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E. Research Scope.................................................................................
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F. Key Word........................................................................................
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1. Language Acquisition.................................................................
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2. Trader...........................................................................................
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3. Tourist resort................................................................................
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4. English..........................................................................................
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CHAPTER II: REVIEW AND RELATED LITERATURE.................. A. Previous Study.................................................................................
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B. Theoretical Review..........................................................................
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1. Second Language Acquisition....................................................
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2. Principle of Second Language Acquisition................................
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a. Language Experience...........................................................
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b. The Maximum Affective and Cognitive..............................
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c. Positive Affect......................................................................
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d. Multidimensional Mental Resource.....................................
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e. Noticing Salient Feature.......................................................
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f. Achieving Communicative Outcome...................................
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3. The SLA Causative Variables.................................................... a. Acculturation........................................................................
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b. Age and exposures variable.................................................
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4. Five Hypotheses in SLA............................................................
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a. The Acquisition versus Learning........................................
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b. Monitor Hypothesis..............................................................
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c. Natural Order Hypothesis....................................................
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d. Input Hypothesis..................................................................
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e. Affective filter hypothesis....................................................
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5. Swain’s Hypothesis CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..................................
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A. Research Methodology....................................................................
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1. Setting........................................................................................
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2. Types and Sources of Data.........................................................
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a. Types of Data.......................................................................
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b. Sources of Data....................................................................
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3. Data Collection Instruments.......................................................
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4. Data Collection Procedure.........................................................
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5. Data Analysis Procedure............................................................
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CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION............... A. Research Finding.............................................................................
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1. Types of Input............................................................................
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a. Listening to Music..................................................................
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b. Watching Cinema...................................................................
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c. Attending Ticket Information................................................
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d. Reading Banners....................................................................
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e. Attending to Native Speaker..................................................
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2. Types of Output............................................................................
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a. Promoting the Products.......................................................
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b. Transaction...........................................................................
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c. Singing.................................................................................
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d. Telling Information..............................................................
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e. Constructing the Questions..................................................
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f. Greeting................................................................................
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g. Note Taking and Writing…………………………………..
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3. Social Distance...........................................................................
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a. The Great Social Distance.....................................................
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b. The Small Social Distance....................................................
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4. Psychological Distances..............................................................
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a. The Great Psychological Distance.......................................
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b. The Small Psychological Distance......................................
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B. Discussion........................................................................................ CHAPTER V: CONCLUSSION AND SUGGESTION...........................
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B. Suggestion.............................................................................
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LIST OF REFERENCES..........................................................................
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APPENDIX I: List of Quotations
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APPENDIX II: List of Formal Interview
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APPENDIX III: Research’s Photos
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A. Conclusion......................................................................................
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ABSTRACT Muslimin. NIM: S.200100019, THE ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH BY TRADERS AT TOURIST RESORT: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY AT GILI TRAWANGAN TOURIST RESORT OF NORTH LOMBOK OF WEST NUSATENGGARA PROVINCE. Graduate Program of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. The goal of this study is to describe the procedures of English acquisition supplied by the language seekers (traders) at Gili Trawangan Tourist Resort of North Lombok of NTB. The objectives was totally refers to the four questions; what are the types of input displayed by traders in GTTR?; What are the types of output displayed by traders at GTTR?; How is the social distance between traders and TL speakers?; and How is the psychological distance between traders and TL speakers? Specifically, the type of the inquiry research is a qualitative and the research approach utilized is the ethnographic study. In this term, the ethnographer has handled several steps as consists of; observation, documentation, formal interview, and informal interview. The primary data took from the key informant (traders), and the secondary data received from other adequateness ones through formal and informal interviews. The following words have represent the result of this exploration; first, there were five point of inputs tresses in that workfield names listening to music, attending to ticket information, reading banners, watching cinema, and attending foreigners’ utterance. The second fact finding is types of output, where the output processed by the acquirer represented by; promoting, singing, greeting, telling information, and transaction. Third result is the Psychological distance. Actually, there are two main issues such as follow; the great psychological distance and the small psychological distance. The great psychological distance was signed by; language shock, cultural shock, less of motivation, the less of enclosure, etc. Moreover in the small psychological distance was represented by; the good of enclosure, the great activity interest, the high motivation, etc. As the final result‐ finding was represented by the following major cases; first, the great social distance, and the second is the small social distance. In great social distance, the traders in GTTR have encircled by the several bad conditions such as; the lack of economic interest, the small of assimilation, etc. In contrast, the small social distance represented by; the great enclosures, the great economic interest, the lack of subordination and domination, etc. Keywords: Language Acquisition, English, Trader
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ABSTRAK Muslimin. NIM: S.200100019, THE ACQUISITION OF ENGLISH BY TRADERS AT TOURIST RESORT: AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY AT GILI TRAWANGAN TOURIST RESORT OF NORTH LOMBOK OF WEST NUSATENGGARA PROVINCE. Graduate Program of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripisikan prosedur pemerolehan bahasa Inggris oleh pedagang di area wisata Gili Trawangan Lombok Utara, NTB. Patokan pendeskripsian tujuan penelitian ini terletak beberapa pertanyaan berikut; tipe‐tipe input apa saja yang dilakukan oleh pedangang di Gili Trawangan?; Tipe‐tipe output apa saja yang dilakukan oleh pedangan di Gili Trawangan?; Bagaimanakah kesenjangan sosial antara pedagang dan turis asing?; dan bagaimanakah kesenjangan psikologis antara pedagang dan turis asing? Tipe penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Dalam hal ini peneliti melaksanakan beberapa tahap penelitian diataranya; observasi, dokumentasi, wawancara formal, dan wawancara informal. Data primer diperoleh langsung dari pedangang, sementara data sekunder diperoleh dari orang lain di sekitar area penelitian dan beberapa dokumen foto melalui proses wawancaran langsung dan wawancara tidak langsung. Temuan penelitian; pertama, terdapat lima proses input yakni mendengarkan musik, menyimak informasi dari loket tiket, membaca poster‐poster, nonton film layar lebar, dan menyimak pembicaraan wisatawan asing. Kedua, tipe‐ tipe output, yakni; melakukan promosi, bernyanyi, mengucapkan selamat, memberi informasi, dan bertransaksi. Ketiga, Kesenjangan psikologis yakni kesenjangan berat dan kesenjangan ringan. Kesenjangan ringan ditandai oleh; Kekagokan bahasa, kekagokan budaya, lemahnya motivasi, perbedaan prinsip pada tempat tujuan aktifitas, dan lain‐lain. Sementara itu, Kesenjangan psikologis ringan ditandai oleh; kesamaan hati pada tempat tujuan aktifitas, kesamaan ketertarikan pada suatu aktifitas, tingginya motivasi, dan lain‐lain. Temuan terakhir adalah kesenjangan sosial yakni; kesenjangan berat dan ringan. Kesenjangan berat ditandai oleh, lemahnya ketertarikan dalam kehidupan ekonomi, lemahnya asimilasi dan lain‐lain. Sebaliknya, kesenjangan sosial ringan direpresentasikan oleh; Adanya wadah atau tempat yang dibangun untuk kegiatan wisata umum, tingginya ketertarikan ekonomi, minimnya subordinasi dan dominasi sosial dan lain‐lain. Kata Kunci: Pemeroleh‐bahasa, Bahasa‐Inggris dan Pedagang
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