Retort Pouch Processing & Packaging Technology: Emerging Trends
Purwiyatno Hariyadi Professor at Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, Senior Scientist at SEAFAST Center,
Bogor Agricultural University BOGOR, Indonesia. Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Retort Pouch Processing & Packaging Technology: Emerging Trends
Kata Kunci : Retort Retort pouch processing = retorting Retort pouch packaging = packaging material suitable for retorting Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RETORTED FOOD = “CANNED” FOODS ?
Shelf stable Populer teknologi pengolahan pangan pertama Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RETORTED FOOD = “CANNED” FOODS ?
1 0.85
aw M
H
L
M
Critical aspect?
pH
0 4.5
10
14 Purwiyatno Hariyadi
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RETORTED FOOD = “CANNED” FOODS ?
1 0.85
Controlling?
aw Pengasaman pH-controlled foods (pH controlled)
LAFs
Pengeringan, Penggaraman, dll (aw controlled) L
aw-controlled Foods
pH
0 4.5
10
14 Purwiyatno Hariyadi
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RETORTED FOOD = “CANNED” FOODS ?
1 0.85
Controlling?
aw Pengasaman (pHMcontrolled)
H
Pengeringan, Penggaraman, dll (aw controlled) L
M
PEMANASAN pH
0 4.5
10
14 Purwiyatno Hariyadi
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RETORTED FOOD = “CANNED” FOODS ? Highly PHFs pH > 4.5 dan aw<0.85 pH < 4.5 dan aw>0.85
REGULATION
Proses Panas Pasteurisasi (NO RETORTING)
Terkemas/tertutup dengan kedap (hermetis) Awet pada suhu refriferasi (shelf stable) Harus refrigerasi Contoh : Sari buah, sos tomat, dll Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RETORTED FOOD = “CANNED” FOODS ? Highly PHFs pH > 4.5 dan aw>0.85
REGULATION
Proses Panas Pasteurisasi (NO RETORTING)
Terkemas/tertutup dengan kedap (hermetis) Hanya beberapa hari pada suhu refrigerasi Harus refrigerasi Contoh : Susu pasteurisasi, daging udang, kepiting, dan hasil laut lainnya Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RETORTED FOOD = “CANNED” FOODS ? Highly PHFs pH > 4.5 dan aw>0.85
REGULATION
Proses Panas Sterilisasi Komersial (RETORTING)
Terkemas/tertutup dengan kedap (hermetis) Awet pada suhu ruang (shelf stable) Tidak memerlukan refrigerasi Contoh : Sardine, tuna dalam kaleng, susu steril, dll Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RETORTED FOOD = “CANNED” FOODS ?
Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RETORTED FOOD = “CANNED” FOODS ?
BAB I - Ketentuan Umum
Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RETORTED FOOD = “CANNED” FOODS ?
BAB I - Ketentuan Umum
Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RETORTED FOOD = “CANNED” FOODS ?
BAB III- Persyaratan Pangan Steril Komersial
Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RETORTED FOOD = “CANNED” FOODS ? Pangan Steril Komersial = “canned” Foods? Regulated foods Karakteristik: • pH > 4.6 LAFs • Water Activity > 0.85
Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RETORTED FOOD = “CANNED” FOODS ? Pangan Steril Komersial = “canned” Foods? Regulated foods Karakteristik: • • • •
pH > 4.6 LAFs Water Activity > 0.85 Hermetically sealed container Thermally processed (atau ekivalen
LACFs
[CAC/RCP 23-1979, Rev.2 (1993)]
• Non-refrigerated, shelf-stable Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RETORTED FOOD = “CANNED” FOODS ? Pangan Steril Komersial = “canned” Foods? Regulated foods Karakteristik: • pH > 4.6 = COMMERCIALLY STERILE • PANGAN Water Activity > 0.85 = STERIL KOMERISAL = Foodssealed container • Canned Hermetically = • Makanan Thermallykaleng processed (atau ekivalen
LACFs
[CAC/RCP 23-1979, Rev.2 (1993)]
- Diatur dlm Perka BPOM No 24, 2016
• Non-refrigerated, shelf-stable
Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RETORTED FOOD = “CANNED” FOODS ?
LACFs
? = COMMERCIALLY STERILE = PANGAN STERIL KOMERISAL = Canned Foods = Makanan kaleng - Diatur dlm Perka BPOM No 24, 2016 Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RETORTED FOOD = “CANNED” FOODS ?
LACFs
? = COMMERCIALLY STERILE = PANGAN STERIL KOMERISAL = Canned Foods = Makanan kaleng - Diatur dlm Perka BPOM No 24, 2016 Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RETORTED FOOD = “CANNED” FOODS ?
LACFs
? = COMMERCIALLY STERILE = PANGAN STERIL KOMERISAL = Canned Foods = Makanan kaleng - Diatur dlm Perka BPOM No 24, 2016 Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RETORTED FOOD = “CANNED” FOODS ?
LACFs
? = COMMERCIALLY STERILE = PANGAN STERIL KOMERISAL = Canned Foods = Makanan kaleng - Diatur dlm Perka BPOM No 24, 2016 Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RETORTED FOOD = “CANNED” FOODS ?
LACFs
? = COMMERCIALLY STERILE = PANGAN STERIL KOMERISAL = Canned Foods = Makanan kaleng - Diatur dlm Perka BPOM No 24, 2016 Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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RETORTED FOOD = “CANNED” FOODS ?
LACFs
?
Retort Pouch Packaging = Emerging trend
= COMMERCIALLY STERILE = PANGAN STERIL KOMERISAL = Canned Foods = Makanan kaleng - Diatur dlm Perka BPOM No 24, 2016 Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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“CANNED” FOODS jenis baru ? Retort pouch
Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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“CANNED” FOODS jenis baru ? Retort pouch 1950: U.S. Army developed the pouch to replace heavy metal cans food containers for packaging combat rations : • lightweight, • easy-to-pack, • shelf-stable.
1965: First commercial retort pouches were produced in Italy. Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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“CANNED” FOODS jenis baru ? Retort pouch 1970: Large-scale R&D continued to produce “Meal Ready-to-Eat” (MRE) units for the U.S. military.
Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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“CANNED” FOODS jenis baru ? Retort pouch Contoh produk di pasar internasional
Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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“CANNED” FOODS jenis baru ? Retort pouch Contoh produk di pasar internasional
Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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“CANNED” FOODS jenis baru ? Retort pouch Contoh produk di pasar internasional
Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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“CANNED” FOODS jenis baru ? Retort pouch ? INDONESIA?
Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Retort Pouch Packaging ? polyester outside layer Nylon Aluminum foil Polypropylene (PP)
- Most retort pouches : four-ply laminate MP PP 138°C (280°F) >> 121°C (250°F). - Al foil main barrier (maintain hermetic condition). (Some pouch material contains polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC, or SARAN®), ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), or nylon instead of aluminum foil as a middle layer). Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Advantages of retort pouches vs. metal cans.
Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Advantages of retort pouches vs. metal cans. • Reduced cooking time: Better taste, nutritional value; faster turn-around time
• Complete product evacuation: Improved product yield and consumer value
• Reduced bulk and weight: Lower transportation and storage costs
• Environmentally friendly: Less waste and fossil fuel consumption
• Package durability: Eliminate cuts and promotes employee safety
• Rotogravure printing: More attractive graphics on packaging
• Package durability: No dented cans Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Processing Technology = Canning/Retorting Proses 3 SYARAT Proses “Retorting”/LACFs SUKSES : 1. Kemasan tertutup secara hermetis: Lakukan prosedur pengisian dan penutupan kaleng dengan benar 2. Perlakuan pemanasan cukup Tercapainya sterilitas komersial (dengan tetap mempertahankan kemasan tertutu secara hermetis)
3. Penanganan kaleng dengan baik Sebelum, selama dan setelah pemanasan memastikan bahwa integritas sambungan dan penutupan Hermetis terjaga
Selalu ada kemungkinan bahwa bakteri akan masuk kembali dan mencemari produk yang telah disterilisasi (T ~ 121.1C/250F) Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi Blog: phariyadi.staff.ipb.ac.id Email:
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Perlu RETORT Khusus? BERTEKANAN LEBIH
Retort “biasa”: • Pemasak bertekanan (tekanan uap) • PV=nRT • Suhu 250oF (121oC) • Tekanan 15 Psig
Retort bertekanan lebih (over-pressure)? • Suhu 250oF • Tekanan 20 -25o Psig
Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Perlu RETORT Khusus? BERTEKANAN LEBIH Selama proses pemanasan; akan terjadi peningkatan tekanan di dalam kemasan (Pi), karena suhu yang semakin meningkat dan volume yang konstant (bahkan vol KRITIS bisa semakin kecil; karena adanya proses pemuaian Po bahan).
Pi
Po
~ PiV=nRT
Po Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Perlu RETORT Khusus? BERTEKANAN LEBIH Kenapa over pressure ? melindungi integritas pengemas : • Kritis Pi >> Po KRITIS
• Retort biasa:
Po Pi
Po
Po
• Po ~ 15psig, terlalu kecil untuk mengimbangi Pi untuk jenis kemasan tertentu kerusakan kemasan (terutama pada bagian-bagian sambungan, heat seal) Purwiyatno Hariyadi
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Perlu RETORT Khusus? BERTEKANAN LEBIH Kenapa over pressure ? melindungi integritas pengemas : 1. Terutama untuk pengemas yang kurang kuat terhadap “internal pressure”, atau 2. Sistem pengemas yang mempunyai “penutup” yang kurang kuat Contoh : wadah plastik semi-kaku, flexible pouches, gelas
Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Perlu RETORT Khusus? BERTEKANAN LEBIH RANCANGAN RETORT UNTUK PROSES TERMAL DENGAN OVERPRESSURE (2) 1. Harus cukup kuat untuk menjamin keamanan 2. Dilengkapi dengan katup pengatur tekanan dalam retort 3. Di dalam retort terdapat cukup ruang (antara dinding dengan wadah) untuk menjamin sirkulasi uap 4. Jika proses termal dilakukan dengan medium pemanas air, maka harus ada ruangan cukup diantara permukaan air dengan tutup retort untuk tempat overpressure Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Perlu RETORT Khusus? BERTEKANAN LEBIH RANCANGAN RETORT UNTUK PROSES TERMAL DENGAN OVERPRESSURE (2)
Uap/ dan campuran uap+udara 6 inci
5. Medium pemanas yang umum adalah air yang dipanaskan dengan uap
Air Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Perlu RETORT Khusus? BERTEKANAN LEBIH RANCANGAN RETORT UNTUK PROSES TERMAL DENGAN OVERPRESSURE (3) 6. Selain itu sumber overpressure adalah kompresor udara 7. Udara bertekanan yang masuk ke dalam retort yang berisi air berfungsi sebagai pengaduk (re: sifat insulator udara?) 8. Validasi? www.iftps.org -
Heat distribution test keseragaman pemanasan Heat penertration test Evaluasi kecukupan panas penentuan nilai F0
Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Penentuan Kecukupan Pangan (- Heat Penetration test)
Kecukupan panas untuk mencapai kriteria sterilisasi komersial ini dinyatakan sebagai nilai F0
Suatu nilai/dosis panas yang dinyatakan sebagai ekivalen waktu pemanasan pada suhu acuan; 250oF atau 121.1oC. Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Penentuan Kecukupan Pangan (- Heat Penetration test) Teixera, 1992. Thermal Process Calculation. Handbook of Food Eng.
• Tipikal kurva penetrasi panas untuk makanan kaleng dan perubahan suhu retort (TR) selama proses seterilisasi
• Suhu retort di”set” pada 250oF • T untuk mencapai TR : CUT
Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Penentuan Kecukupan Pangan (- Heat Penetration test) Teixera, 1992. Thermal Process Calculation. Handbook of Food Eng.
Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Penentuan Kecukupan Pangan (- Heat Penetration test)
INGAT !!! BAB III- Persyaratan Pangan Steril Komersial
Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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Thank You Purwiyatno Hariyadi Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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TERIMAKASIH T
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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46
Purwiyatno Hariyadi
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