PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP, DAN PERILAKU IBU MENYUSUI TERHADAP PEMBERIAN ASI EKSKLUSIF PADA PESERTA TALKSHOW MENYUSUI DI GEDUNG WANITA BANDUNG PADA TANGGAL 17 FEBRUARI 2013 ABSTRAK
Khornelius Ryan A.W. 1010034 Pembimbing I : dr. Stella T.H.,M.Kes. Pembimbing II : Dr. Meilinah Hidayat, dr., M.Kes. Latar belakang : Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) di Indonesia masih tergolong tinggi, jika dibandingkan dengan negara lain di kawasan ASEAN. Berdasarkan Human Development Report 2010, AKB di Indonesia mencapai 31 per 1.000 kelahiran. Salah satu faktor yang berperan dalam tingginya AKB ini adalah rendahnya cakupan ASI eksklusif. Menurut ketua sentra laktasi Indonesia Utami Roesli, praktik pemberian asi secara eksklusif selama enam bulan akan menurunkan kematian bayi sebesar 13 persen. Karena tanpa ASI eksklusif bayi lebih rentan terkena berbagai penyakit yang meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitasnya. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik observational, yang menilai pengaruh pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku ibu dalam keberhasilan pemberian ASI Eksklusif. Penelitian dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan partisipan, dan hasilnya dianalisis dengan metode cross sectional dengan tabulasi tabel 3 x 2. Hasil : Dari penelitian didapatkan pengetahuan, sikap, perilaku ibu berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif dengan alfa dari pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku <0,01 dan odd ratio berurutan 7,885 ; 10,833 ; 17,5. Kesimpulan : Pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku mempengaruhi keberhasilan pemberian ASI eksklusif.
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THE EFFECT OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND BEHAVIOUR OF BREASTFEEDING MOTHER TOWARD OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING IN TALKSHOW PARTICIPANTS AT GEDUNG WANITA BANDUNG 17 FEBRUARY 2013 ABSTRACT Khornelius Ryan A.W. 1010034 Mentor I : dr. Stella T.H.,M.Kes. Mentor II : Dr. Meilinah Hidayat, dr., M.Kes. Background : Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Indonesia is still relatively high, compared with the other countries in ASEAN region. According to Human Development Report 2010, IMR in Indonesia reached 31 every 1,000 births. One of the factors that plays an important role in the high IMR is the low provision of the exclusive breastfeeding. According to the chief of the indinesian breastfeeding Utami Roesli, the exclusive practice breastfeeding for six months reduces the infant mortality rate for 13 percent. Because without exclusive breastfeeding, infants are susceptible to many diseases which increase the morbidity and mortality. Method : This research constitutes observational analytical research, which examines the effects of knowledge, attitude, and behavior of the mother in the success of the exclusive breastfeeding. The research is done through interviews with the participants, and the results are analyzed with cross sectional method by the tabular tabel of 3x2. Result : The research shows that knowledge, attitude, and behavior of the mother affects the success of exclusive breastfeeding. With alpha from the knowledge, attitude and behavior <0,01 and the odd ratio respectively shows 7,885 ; 10,833 ; 17,5. Conclusion : Knowledge, attitude and behavior affects the success of exclusive breastfeeding.
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DAFTAR ISI JUDUL LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ............................................................................... ii SURAT PERNYATAAN ................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... iv ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... v KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ vi DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... x DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... xi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................... xii BAB I. PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang .......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah .................................................................................. 2 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian....................................................................................... 3 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian..................................................................................... 3 1.5 Kerangka Pemikiran dan Hipotesis ........................................................... 3 1.5.1 Kerangka Pemikiran ........................................................................ 3 1.5.2 Hipotesis Penelitian ......................................................................... 4 1.6 Metodologi Penelitian ............................................................................... 4 1.7 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian..................................................................... 4 BAB II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Anatomi Organ Genitalia Feminina .......................................................... 5 2.1.1 Genitalia Interna ............................................................................... 5 2.2 Fisiologi Organ Reproduksi Wanita .......................................................... 8 2.2.1 Siklus bulanan Endometrium dan Menstruasi .................................. 8 2.2.2 Pubertas dan Menarke ..... ............................................................ ..11 2.2.3 Menopause ..................................................................................... 11 2.3 Fisiologi Kehamilan ................................................................................ 12 2.4 Fisiologi Laktasi dan Air Susu Ibu .......................................................... 16 vii
2.5 ASI Eksklusif dan Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Keberhasilan Menyusui 22 2.5.1 ASI Eksklusif ................................................................................. 22 2.5.2 Manfaat ASI Eksklusif ................................................................... 23 2.5.3 Inisiasi Menyusu Dini .................................................................... 24 2.5.4 Pemberian ASI Bagi Ibu Bekerja ................................................... 26 2.5.4 Tanda ASI Cukup ........................................................................... 28 2.6 Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Perilaku ........................................................... 29 2.6.1 Pengetahuan ................................................................................... 29 2.6.2 Sikap ............................................................................................... 31 2.6.3 Perilaku........................................................................................... 33 BAB III. METODE PENELITIAN 3.1 Metode Penelitian .................................................................................... 37 3.2 Rancangan Penelitian .............................................................................. 37 3.3 Kerangka Kerja ....................................................................................... 37 3.4 Instrument Penelitian............................................................................... 38 3.5 Pengumpulan Data .................................................................................. 38 3.6 Subjek Penelitian ..................................................................................... 39 3.7 Sample Penelitian .................................................................................... 39 3.8 Uji Hipotesis.... ........................................................................................ 39 3.9 Definisi Operasional ................................................................................ 39 3.9.1 Identitas Responden ....................................................................... 39 3.9.2 Tingkat pengetahuan ...................................................................... 40 3.9.3 Tingkat Sikap ................................................................................. 40 3.9.4 Tingkat Perilaku ............................................................................. 40 3.10 Pengolahan Data ..................................................................................... 41 3.11 Lokasi Penelitian .................................................................................... 42 BAB IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1 Hasil Penelitian ....................................................................................... 43 4.2 Analisis Statistik ....................................................................................... 44 4.3 Pembahasan .............................................................................................. 46
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BAB V. SIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Simpulan Penelitian................................................................................. 52 5.2 Saran ........................................................................................................ 52 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 54 LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................................... 56 RIWAYAT HIDUP ........................................................................................... 66
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 4.1 Distribusi Usia Responden…...……………………………………….43 Tabel 4.2 Distribusi Pendidikan Responden…………………………………….43 Tabel 4.3 Distribusi Jumlah Anak Responden ………………………………….43 Tabel 4.4 Distribusi Pemberian ASI Responden ………………………………..43 Tabel 4.5 Distribusi Hasil Wawancara Responden Dengan ASI Eksklusif …….44 Tabel 4.6 Distribusi Hasil Wawancara Responden Dengan Menyusui Partial ....44 Tabel 4.7 Hasil Perhitungan Statistik Dari Pengetahuan ………………………..45 Tabel 4.8 Hasil Perhitungan Statistik Dari Sikap ……………………………….45 Tabel 4.9 Hasil Perhitungan Statistik Dari Perilaku……………………………..46
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1.1 Anatomi genitalia feminina interna .................................................10 Gambar 2.4.1 Anatomi Payudara ...........................................................................17
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Kuesioner Identitas Subjek Penelitian ...............................................59 Lampiran 2. Kuesioner Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku ....................................60 Lampiran 3. Tabel Hasil Statistik ..........................................................................64 Lampiran 4. Publikasi Pembagian Kuesioner ........................................................68
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