DAFTAR ISI Halaman HALAMAN JUDUL ........................................................................................
i
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN..........................................................................
ii
ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................
iv
PERNYATAAN ...............................................................................................
v
KATA PENGANTAR .....................................................................................
vi
DAFTAR ISI..................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR GAMBAR........................................................................................
xi
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ xiv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................
xv
BAB I. PENDAHULUAN................................................................................
1
1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah .............................................................................
1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah .......................................................................................
2
1.3 Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................................
2
1.4 Metodologi Penelitian..................................................................................
3
1.5 Hasil Penelitian ............................................................................................
5
1.6 Sistimatika Penulisan ...................................................................................
6
BAB II. TINJAUAN UMUM LAPANGAN DAN GEOLOGI.....................
7
2.1 Tektonik Regional .......................................................................................
7
2.2 Stratigrafi Regional......................................................................................
13
2.2.1 Batuan Dasar (Basement)....................................................................
14
2.2.2 Formasi Lahat ....................................................................................
14
2.2.3 Formasi Talang Akar .........................................................................
14
2.2.4 Formasi Baturaja ................................................................................
14
2.2.5 Formasi Gumai.................................................................................... 15 2.2.6 Formasi Air Benakat (Lower Palembang)..........................................
15
2.2.7 Formasi Muara Enim (Middle Palembang Member)..........................
15
2.2.8 Formasi Kasai (Upper Palembang Member)......................................
16
DAFTAR ISI Halaman 2.3 Petroleum System ....................................................................................... 16 2.3.1 Batuan Induk ......................................................................................
16
2.3.2 Batuan Reservoar ...............................................................................
17
2.3.3 Jebakan (Trap) ....................................................................................
20
2.3.4 Batuan Penyekat (Seal Rock) ..............................................................
22
2.3.5 Migrasi ................................................................................................
23
2.4 Geologi Lapangan Hanania .........................................................................
24
2.4.1 Struktur Lapangan Hanania ...............................................................
24
2.4.2 Stratigrafi Lapangan Hanania ............................................................
25
2.5 Prospek Hidrokarbon Lapangan Hanania ...................................................
26
2.5.1 Identifikasi Lapisan Produksi ............................................................
26
2.6 Reservoar Lapangan Hanania .....................................................................
27
2.6.1 Sifat Fisik Batuan Reservoar .............................................................
27
2.6.2 Sifat Fluida Reservoar.........................................................................
28
2.6 Produksi Lapisan Lima ................................................................................
29
BAB III. KAJIAN PUSTAKA .......................................................................
25
3.1 Determinasi Porositas - Permeabilitas ........................................................
33
3.1.1 Model Permeabilitas Korzeny - Carmen ............................................
33
3.2 Prinsip Metode Seismik ..............................................................................
25
3.2.1 Checkshot ...........................................................................................
27
3.3 Parameter Petrofisik ....................................................................................
38
3.3.1 Kandungan Lempung .........................................................................
38
3.3.2 Porositas .............................................................................................
40
3.3.3 Saturasi Air ........................................................................................
43
3.3.4 Permeabilitas ......................................................................................
43
3.3 Fasies ...........................................................................................................
43
3.5 Pedoman Pembuatan Model – Geologi Reservoar .....................................
47
3.5.1 Diagram Alir Modeling Geologi Reservoar ......................................
47
DAFTAR ISI Halaman 3.5.2 Geostatistik ..............................................................................................
49
3.5.2.1 Variogram ..............................................................................
50
3.5.2.2 Sequential Gaussian Simulation ..........................................................
51
3.6 Cadangan ....................................................................................................
52
3.6.1 Pengertian Cadangan .........................................................................
52
3.6.2 Metode Perhitungan Cadangan ..........................................................
54
3.6.2.1 Metode Volumetrik ................................................................
54
3.6.2.1.1 Penentuan Volume Bulk .........................................
59
3.6.2.1.2 Perhitungan Original Oil In Place ..........................
59
3.6.2.1.3 Perhitungan Original Gas In Place..........................
59
BAB IV. DATA DAN PERHITUNGAN........................................................
60
4.1 Ketersediaan Data .......................................................................................
60
4.1.1 Data Core ............................................................................................
60
4.1.2 Data Seismik ......................................................................................
60
4.1.3Data Cutting .........................................................................................
60
4.1.4Data Log Seismik ................................................................................
62
4.1.5 Data Produksi Sumur Lapisan Lima ...................................................
62
4.2 Pengolahan Data Core .................................................................................
62
4.2.1 Hubungan Porositas – Permeabilitas Metode Konvensional .............
62
4.3 Pengolahan Data Property ...........................................................................
65
4.3.1 Penentuan Volume Shale ...................................................................
65
4.3.2 Penentuan Porositas ...........................................................................
66
4.3.3 Penentuan Saturasi Air .......................................................................
66
4.3.4 Penentuan Permeabilitas ....................................................................
67
4.3.5 Penentuan Cut Off ...............................................................................
70
4.4 Interpretasi Sumur .......................................................................................
73
4.4.1 Picking Marker ...................................................................................
73
DAFTAR ISI Halaman 4.4.2 Litologi ...............................................................................................
74
4.4.3 Penentuan Fasies dan Lingkungan Pengendapan ..............................
75
4.5 Interpretasi Seismik ....................................................................................
78
4.5.1 Peta Struktur ....................................................................................... 81 4.6 Pemodelan Struktur .....................................................................................
82
4.6.1 Pemodelan Patahan ............................................................................
82
4.6.2 Pilar Gridding .....................................................................................
82
4.6.3 Pembuatan Horizon ............................................................................
83
4.6.4 Pembuatan Zona dan Perlapisan ........................................................
84
4.7 Pemodelan Fasies ........................................................................................
84
4.8 Pemodelan Property ....................................................................................
86
4.8.1 Scale Up Log Data ..............................................................................
86
4.8.2 Hasil Data............................................................................................
89
4.8.2.1 Porositas .................................................................................
89
4.8.2.2 Permeabilitas ..........................................................................
90
4.8.2.3 Volume Shale .........................................................................
92
4.8.2.4 Saturasi Air ............................................................................
92
4.9 Pengolahan Data Produksi ..........................................................................
95
4.9.1 Perhitungan Jari-jari PengurasanMetode Volumetrik ........................
95
4.9.2 Perhitungan Cadangan Sumur Lapisan Lima .....................................
99
BAB V. PEMBAHASAN ................................................................................ 103
5.1 Analisa Hasil Pemodelan Property Petrofisik L-5 Terhadap Pengembangan Lapangan ...................................................................................................................... 103 5.2 Analisa Hasil Overlay Property Petrofisik Dengan Jari-jari Pengurasan... 110 5.3 Penentuan Sumur-sumur Baru Lapisan Lima .............................................. 117 BAB VI. KESIMPULAN ................................................................................ 124 DAFTAR PUSTAKA....................................................................................... 125 DAFTAR GAMBAR Halaman Gambar 1.1
Bagan alur penelitian ................................................................
4
Gambar 2.1
Lokasi Cekungan Sumatera Selatan...........................................
8
Gambar 2.2
Batasan Cekungan Sumatera Selatan.........................................
9
Gambar 2.3
Kerangka Tektonik Sub Cekungan Jambi .................................
10
Gambar 2.4
Evolusi Tektonik Sub Cekungan Jambi ....................................
12
Gambar 2.5
Stratigrafi regional cekungan Sumatera Selatan ........................
13
Gambar 2.6
Petroleum Sistem Lapangan Hanania........................................
23
Gambar 2.7
Satuan reservoar sumur N-10.....................................................
25
Gambar 2.8
Produksi sumur H-4 ...................................................................
30
Gambar 2.9
Produksi sumur N-5 ...................................................................
30
Gambar 2.10 Produksi sumur N-9 ...................................................................
31
Gambar 2.11 Produksi sumur N-10 ................................................................
31
Gambar 2.12 Produksi sumur N-11 ................................................................
32
Gambar 3.1
Sketsa survei seismik ................................................................
37
Gambar 3.2
Bentuk distribusi shale dalam batuan Sedimen ........................
39
Gambar 3.3
Skema lingkungan pengendapan Delta......................................
44
Gambar 3.4
Workflow 3D GGR Modeling ...................................................
49
Gambar 3.5
Grafik variogam .........................................................................
50
Gambar 3.6
Komponen arah dalam analisa variogram .................................
51
Gambar 3.7
Penampang melintang dan peta Isopach dari suatu reservoar
ideal ...........................................................................................
56
Gambar 4.1
Seismik line yang digunakan dalam penelitian..........................
61
Gambar 4.2
Double logaritma plot untuk hubungan Porositas - Permeabilitas .................................................................................................... 63
Gambar 4.3
Porositas core vs Porositas log .................................................
63
Gambar 4.4
Porositas transform ....................................................................
64
Gambar 4.5
Perbandingan Permeabilitas hitungan dengan Permeabilitas core .................................................................................................... 65
DAFTAR GAMBAR Halaman Gambar 4.6
Log Gamma Ray sumur N-9 .....................................................
68
Gambar 4.7
Hasil analisa petrofisik sumur N-9 ...........................................
69
Gambar 4.8
Cut off porositas vs Vshale Lapisan Lima .................................
73
Gambar 4.9
Cut off Wc vs Saturasi Air Lapisan Lima .................................
73
Gambar 4.10 Litologi Sumur N-9....................................................................
74
Gambar 4.11 Depositional phases of delta sequence.......................................
75
Gambar 4.12 Korelasi sumur Utara – Selatan .................................................
77
Gambar 4.13 Interpretasi horizon dan fault seismik 2D line...........................
80
Gambar 4.14 Peta struktur Lapangan Hanania lapisan L-5 .............................
81
Gambar 4.15 Hasil dari pillar gridding berupa grid skeleton .........................
83
Gambar 4.16 Setting zonasi dan layering pada Lapisan Lima ........................
84
Gambar 4.17 Contoh variogram Mouthbar yang dimodelkan ........................
85
Gambar 4.18 Hasil pemodelan fasies Lapisan Lima .......................................
85
Gambar 4.19 Hasil scale up data log porositas ...............................................
87
Gambar 4.20 Histogram hasil scale up data log porositas ..............................
87
Gambar 4.21 Hasil scale up data log permeabilitas ........................................
88
Gambar 4.22 Hasil scale up data log Vshale ..................................................
88
Gambar 4.23 Hasil scale up data log Sw ........................................................
89
Gambar 4.24 Hasil variogram pada pemodelan porositas ..............................
90
Gambar 4.25 Distribusi nilai porositas pada seluruh zona .............................
91
Gambar 4.26 Hasil variogram pada pemodelan permeabilitas .......................
91
Gambar 4.27 Distribusi nilai permeabilitas pada seluruh zona ......................
92
Gambar 4.28 Hasil variogram pada pemodelan Vshale .................................
93
Gambar 4.29 Distribusi nilai Vshale pada seluruh zona .................................
93
Gambar 4.30 Hasil variogram pada pemodelan Sw .......................................
94
Gambar 4.31 Distribusi nilai Sw pada seluruh zona .......................................
94
Gambar 4.32 Jari-jari pengurasanLapisan Lima..............................................
98
DAFTAR GAMBAR Halaman Gambar 4.33 Forecast Produksi Sumur N-9 ................................................... 100 Gambar 4.34 Forecast Produksi Sumr N-10 ................................................... 101 Gambar 4.35 Forecast Produksi Sumr N-11 ................................................... 102 Gambar 5.1
Peta net sand Lapisan Lima ....................................................... 105
Gambar 5.2
Peta net pay Lapisan Lima......................................................... 106
Gambar 5.3
Peta porositas Lapisan Lima ...................................................... 107
Gambar 5.4
Peta permeabilitas Lapisan Lima ............................................... 108
Gambar 5.5
Peta saturasi Lapisan Lima ........................................................ 109
Gambar 5.6
Overlay net sand dengan jari-jari pengurasan............................ 112
Gambar 5.7
Overlay net pay dengan jari-jari pengurasan ............................ 113
Gambar 5.8
Overlay porositas dengan jari-jari pengurasan .......................... 114
Gambar 5.9
Overlay permeabilitas dengan jari-jari pengurasan ................... 115
Gambar 5.10 Overlay saturasi air dengan jari-jari pengurasan ....................... 116 Gambar 5.11 Sumur-sumur pengembangan Lapisan Lima bagian Selatan - Tenggara ..................................................................... 118 Gambar 5.12 Sumur-sumur pengembangan Lapisan Lima bagian
Selatan – Barat Daya ................................................................. 120 Gambar 5.13 Cross section Utara – Selatan ................................................... 121 Gambar 5.14 Pembagian area cadangan berdasarkan radius sumur ............... 122 Gambar 5.15 Skenario 1 dan 2 sumur-sumur pengembangan ........................ 123
DAFTAR TABEL Halaman Tabel 2.1
Data lapisan batupasir ...............................................................
27
Tabel 2.2
Data porositas dan permeabilitas ..............................................
27
Tabel 2.3
PVT data dengan korelasi Vasquez-Begs .................................
28
Tabel 2.4
PVT data dengan korelasi Standing ..........................................
28
Tabel 2.5
PVT data dengan korelasi Glasso ..............................................
29
Tabel 2.6
PVT data lapangan Hanania.......................................................
29
Tabel 4.1
Data cutting................................................................................
61
Tabel 4.2
Kelengkapan data log sumur .....................................................
62
Tabel 4.3
Parameter petrofisik dan hasil Cut off........................................
73
Tabel 4.4
Hasil perhitungan jari-jari pengurasan sumur Lapisan Lima.....
97
Tabel 4.5
Data sumur N-9 dalam perhitungan cadangan ..........................
99
Tabel 5.1
Skenario 1 Sumur-sumur pengembanganLapisan Lima ............ 117
Tabel 5.1
Skenario 2 Sumur-sumur pengembangan Lapisan Lima ........... 119
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Halaman Data coredan log lapangan Hanania .................................................................. 127 Data test produksi sumur N-9 .......................................................................... 132 Data analisa air .................................................................................................. 133 Keekonomian sumur N-9................................................................................... 134
