Okuler Cincin ‘focusing’ okuler
Pemutar lensa objektif Lensa objektif Meja preparat
Kondensor
Diafragma medan
Pengatur meja
Pengatur diafragma Cermin
Sumber cahaya
Sekrup penggerak kasar/halus
Pembuatan Preparat Segar Penyayatan Bahan dengan Tangan
Penutupan spesimen dengan kaca tutup
Tiga macam orientasi sayatan yang umum digunakan
Komponen Sel Tumbuhan • Dinding Sel – Dinding primer – Dinding sekunder – Lamela tengah • Protoplas : – Protoplasma • Sitoplasma • Inti • Organel
– Non protoplasma • Vakuola • Zat ergastik
Latihan 1. Sifat sel hidup (aliran plasma/cyclosis) 1.1 Preparat (segar) : Rambut filamen bunga Rhoeo discolor Reagen : Air (1) Sirkulasi (lebih dari satu arah) : mitokondria, Rhoeo
1.2
Preparat (segar) : daun Hydrilla Reagen : Air
Rotasi (satu arah) : plastida, Vallesneria
cytoplasmic streaming The movement of cytoplasm within a living cell.
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called cyclosis, transports nutrients, enzymes, and larger particles within cells, enhances the exchange of materials between organelles, as well as between cells. In some unicellular organisms, such as amoeba, it provides the mechanism for cell locomotion. It is thought that microfilaments provide the driving force for, and control the direction of, the streaming. In some plant cells there is a rapid rotatory cytoplasmic movement, limited to the peripheral parts of the cell next to the cell wall, which carries chloroplasts and granules along. This movement may be increased by light, and is dependent on temperature and pH. Auxins, or plant growth hormones, may also increase the rate of movement. In some protozoans, such as the ciliates, slower cyclotic movements transport digestive vacuoles through the cell body.
Zat Ergastik Latihan 2. Preparat : Kerokan umbi kentang Solanum tuberosum Reagen : Air dan I2KI Pati majemuk
Pati tunggal Pati ½ majemuk
+ I2KI pati biru
Latihan 3. KRISTAL kalsium oksalat, kalsium karbonat dan silikat Kristal Ca oksalat : Kristal pasir batang Solanum nigrum Kristal drus tangkai daun pepaya (Carica papaya)
Kristal raphida pada
Sansiviera/Pleomele angustifolia
Kristal drus pada tangkai daun Carica papaya
Ca karbonat Kristal sistolit daun Ficus elastica
(Kristal + tangkai) + CH3COOH ?
Sifat sel : Plasmolisis
Jaringan Dasar Pada tumbuhan terdapat tiga sistem jaringan, yaitu : 1. Jaringan dasar – Fungsi : » Penyokong tumbuhan » Pelindung tumbuhan » Tempat penyimpanan cadangan makanan 2. Jaringan dermal, berfungsi sebagai pelindung tumbuhan 3. Jaringan pembuluh, sistem peredaran
Latihan 5. Preparat : pen. mel. tangkai daun seledri (Apium graveolens) Reagen : Air Parenkim Sel hidup, dinding primer, vakuola besar Fungsi : • Tempat penyimpanan cadangan makanan • Tempat Kolenkim terjadinya sel hidup, dinding berpenebalan (selulosa) fotosintesis Fungsi : penyokong tumbuhan terutama pada • Salah satu tumbuhan tidak berkayu jaringan pengisi
Parenkim, kolenkim
Latihan 6. Sklerenkim • •
Sel mati saat dewasa, dinding sekunder kaku (berlignin). jaringan penyokong terutama pada tumbuhan berkayu Dua tipe sklerenkim : (i) Sklereid (sel batu) (ii) Serat
6.1. SKLEREID Preparat : pen. mel. daun teratai (Nymphaea) Reagen : anilin sulfat
Asterosklereid pada daun
Nymphaea
Preparat : pen. mel. daun teratai (Nymphaea) Reagen : anilin sulfat
Dinding primer Dinding sekunder Lumen
Noktah
6.2. SKLERENKIM Preparat : pen. mel. daun Sanseviera Reagen : anilin sulfat
S. cylindrica. B. S. deserti. C. S. singularis. D. S. stuckyi. E. S. grandis
Mesophyll comprises: 1. Outer region of chlorenchyma 2. Water storage tissue in central mesophyll, function remain unclear
Chlorenchyma (grey) Fiber bundle (solid black) Water storage (white) Vascular bundle (black and white)
Small fiber bundle (small solid black)
cuticle
raphide
vascular bundle chlorenchyma with pit fields
