AN ANALYSIS OF LEXICAL COHESION IN THE COVER STORY OF TEMPO
A THESIS
BY:
YOAN INANDA REG. NO. 040705003
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA FACULTY OF LETTERS ENGLISH DEPARTMENT MEDAN 2008
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Bismillahirrahmanirrahim, Alhamdulillah, all Praise to ALLAH SWT who always gives me blessing, power, strength and love in my entire life and in terms of my study, especially in completing this thesis. I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to the Dean of Faculty of Letters, Drs. Syaifuddin, M.A, Ph.D, the Head of English Department, Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum and the Secretary of English Department, Drs. Yulianus Harefa, M.Ed.TESOL and to all the lecturers of English Department for all the assistances, valuable knowledge and facilities during my academic years. My gratitude goes to my Supervisor, Dr. Umar Mono, M.Hum and my Co. Supervisor Drs. Yulianus Harefa, M.Ed.TESOL who have given me a considerable amount of contribution of knowledge, spared their valuable time to comment, encourage, and guide me in finishing this thesis. Further, my sincere gratefulness is devoted to my loving and care parents- my mother “Yusnizar” and my father “Irman Jamin”. I am also grateful for the only brother of mine, M. Kenzo, and my beloved boyfriend, Yuri, for their endless support, attention, prays and love which they have been giving to me not only during the term of my study and my completing of this thesis, but also in every day’s motivation and encouragement for a better future. Besides them, I would like to thank all of my relatives either from fatherhood or motherhood for their mental support. Last but not least, my special thanks are due to my comrades (the students of 2004 English Department), especially to those who are amazingly close to me, they are Lily, Qiqy, Novie - If it hadn’t been for you guys, I wouldn’t be able to get to this part
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to finish my thesis. I hope this friendship will be last forever. I’m also grateful to the only “Kal-el” I have ever known, for his care, help and everything which are so meaningful to me. Thank you very much to all the people I have mentioned above and to those who cannot be mentioned one by one. May ALLAH SWT always bless us all, Amiin.
Medan, June 2008 The Writer,
YOAN INANDA Reg. No. 040705003
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ABSTRAK Skripsi yang berjudul “An Analysis of Lexical Cohesion in the Cover Story of Tempo”, adalah sebuah analisis tentang kohesi leksikal yang terdapat dalam artikel majalah sebagai suatu wacana (discourse). Ada lima jenis kohesi leksikal yang dibedakan menurut Teori Hasan melalui pendekatan Linguistik Fungsional (Systemic Functional Linguistics), yang dapat diidentifikasikan melalui kalimat-kalimat (sentences) yang membentuk kesatuan dalam sebuah teks atau wacana dan sangat berperan dalam menghubungkan kalimat dalam teks secara konsisten sehingga pesan yang ingin disampaikan dan dibicarakan dalam teks dapat tersalur dengan baik kepada pembaca. Kohesi leksikal menggambarkan bagaimana kata-kata dalam sebuah teks yang berhubungan satu sama lain dalam suatu susunan yang sistematis. Data analisis diambil dari lima teks (Cover Story) majalah Tempo dengan menggunakan teori Hadi, yaitu “sistem undi”, sedangkan untuk menghitung data digunakan teori Nawawi. Dari pembahasan lima jenis kohesi leksikal ini ditemukan bahwa repetisi adalah jenis kohesi leksikal yang paling dominan (69,19 %) karena pada umumnya sebuah teks memberikan suatu berita informatif yang ditulis secara mendetail dan deskriptif sehingga pengulangan terhadap sebuah kata (baik yang menjadi subjek maupun objek) dalam kalimat sering terjadi. Sinonimi juga banyak ditemukan dalam teks sebagai bagian dari perbendaharaan kata (17,73 %). Antonimi juga ditemukan di setiap teks dalam analisis ini (7,85 %). Meronimi yang merupakan bentuk kolokasi kata juga dijumpai meskipun tergolong kecil jumlahnya (3,49 %). Sementara Hiponimi, yang sangat jarang terdapat di dalam teks, merupakan jenis kohesi leksikal yang paling sedikit digunakan (1,74 %).
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS………………………………………………………… i ABSTRAK..………………………………………………………………………. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………. iv CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Background of the Analysis………………………….. 1 1.2 The Problem of the Analysis……………………………… 4 1.3 The Objective of the Analysis…………………………….. 4 1.4 The Scope of the Analysis………………………………… 5 1.5 The Significance of the Analysis………………………….. 5
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 An Overview of Systemic Functional Linguistics………… 6 2.2 Systemic Functional Grammar……………………………. 7 2.3 The Characteristics of Systemic Functional Grammar……. 9
2.4
2.3.1
Ideational Function/ Representation Function……. 10
2.3.2
Interpersonal Function……………………………. 14
2.3.3
Textual Function…………………………………... 16
Types of Lexical Cohesion………………………………... 22 2.4.1 Repetition…………………………………………. 22 2.4.2 Synonymy…………………………………………. 23 2.4.3 Antonymy…………………………………………. 23 2.4.4 Hyponymy………………………………………… 24 2.4.5 Meronymy………………………………………… 25
2.5
Review of Related Literature……………………………… 26
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CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Method………………………………………….. 28 3.2 Data Collecting Method…………………………………… 28 3.3 Data Analysis Method…………………………………….. 29 CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS 4.1 The Existence of Repetition………………………………. 30 4.2 The Existence of Synonymy……………………………… 62 4.3 The Existence of Antonymy……………………………… 71 4.4 The Existence of Hyponymy……………………………… 74 4.5 The Existence of Meronymy……………………………… 76 4.6 The Percentage of Lexical Cohesion……………………… 79
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions……………………………………………….. 80 5.2 Suggestions……………………………………………….. 80
BIBLIOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………… 81 APPENDICES
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