Daftar Pustaka
D.P-1
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1.
ACI 211.4R-93. “Specifications of the Concrete Mix for High Strength Concrete Used During the Experimens”.
2.
“Product Data Polyolefin Fibers” by 3M ScotchcastTM Polyolefin Fibers.
3.
The International Course on Sustainable Structural Safety Design for Buliding Engineers. “Performance Criteria of Buliding Material”, by Dr. Ir. Saptahari M. Sugiri.
4.
Balaguru & Shah (1992), “ Fiber Reinforced Cement Composites”, MacGraw-Hill Inc Singapore.
5.
Hannant,D.J. (1978), “Fibre Cement and Fibre Concrete”, John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
6.
Michel Bruneau, Chia-Ming Uang and Andrew Whittaker, “Ductile Design of Steel Structures”.
7.
ASTM C 39-86.”Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens”.
8.
ASTM C 78-84, “Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete (Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading”.
9.
ASTM C 192-90a, “Standard Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test in the Laboratory”.
10.
ASTM C 173-90a, “Standard Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic Cement Concrete”.
11.
ASTM C 496-90, “Standard Test Method for Splitting Tensile Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens”
12.
ASTM C 1018-92, “Standard Test Method for Flexural Toughness and FirstCrack Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Concrete (Using Beam with Third-Point Loading”.
13.
ACI Structural Journal 99-S32, “ Flexural Design Methodology for Concrete Beams Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymers”, by Joseph R. Yost and Shawn P. Gross.
Daftar Pustaka
14.
D.P-2
Journal of Structural Engineering, “Strengthening of Steel-Concrete Composite Girders Using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers Sheets”, by M. Tavakkolizadeh, M.ASCE, and H. Saadatmanesh, M.ASCE.
15.
ACI Committee 544, “Vebe Slump Test and Vebe Time Test”.
16.
ACI Material Journal 101-M31, “High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Mixture Proportions with High Fiber Volume Fractions” by P. Balaguru and H. Najm.
17.
ACI Committee 212.3R, “Chemical Admixtures for Concrete”.
18.
ACI Material Journal, “Bond Behavior of Normal and High-Strength Fiber Reinfonced Concrete”, by A. Samen Ezeldin and P.N. Balaguru.
19.
ACI Material Jounal, “Effect of Consolidation on Bond of Reinforcement in Concrete of Different Workabilities”, by Yin-Wen Chan, Yong-Guo Chen, and Yi-Shi Liu.
20.
Park and Paulay, “Reinforced Concrete Structures”, Departement of Civil Engineering University of Canterbury, Chiristchurch, New Zealand, 1974.
21.
“Technical Data Sheet Catalogue”, by PT Fosroc Indonesia.
22.
“Tata cara Penghitungan Struktur Beton untuk Bangunan Gedung:, SK SNI T – 15-1991-03.
23.
“Standar Perencanaan Ketahanan Gempa untuk Struktur Bangunan Gedung”, SNI 1726, 2002, Departemen Kimpraswil.
24.
“Pedoman Pelaksanaan Praktikum Beton”, Laboratorium Struktur dan Bahan Institut Teknologi Bandung, 2003.
25.
Diktat Kuliah ”Teknologi Baton Lanjut”, dari Dr. Ir. Saptahari M. Sugiri.
Lampiran A
L.A-1
Tabel L.A.1. Komposisi Mix Design Specimen Material
Plain Concrete
Fibers
-
Polyolefin Fibers Reinforcement Concrete 1% 2% 3%
Cement
521.7
521.7
Water
184.09
184.09 184.09 184.09 184.09 184.09 184.09
Fine Aggregate
607.05
607.05 607.05 607.05 607.05 607.05 607.05
Coarse Aggregate
866.96
866.96 866.96 866.96 866.96 866.96 866.96
Fly Ash
130.43
130.43 130.43 130.43 130.43 130.43 130.43
Superplasticizers (conplast RP264 M2) w/c ratio A.
2.086 2.086 ltr ltr 0.35
0.35
521.7
Steel Fibers Reinforcement Concrete 1% 2% 3%
521.7
521.7
521.7
521.7
2.086 ltr
2.086 ltr
2.086 ltr
2.086 ltr
2.086 ltr
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
Kurva Hubungan Tegangan-Regangan FRC dan Plain 40 35 Tegangan (MPa)
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
1% P o lyo lefin fiber
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 Regangan (0/00) 1% Steel fiber
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
P lain
Kurva L.A.1. Kuat Tekan FRC 1% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 7 Hari
Lampiran A
L.A-2
45 40
Tegangan (MPa)
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
2% P o lyo lefin fiber
0.7 0.8 0.9 Regangan (0/00)
1.0
1.1
2% Steel fiber
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
P lain
Kurva L.A.2. Kuat Tekan FRC 2% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 7 Hari 55 50
Tegangan (MPa)
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
3% P o lyo lefin fiber
0.6
0.7 0.8 0.9 Regangan (0/00) 3% Steel fiber
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
P lain
Kurva L.A.3. Kuat Tekan FRC 3% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 7 Hari
Lampiran A
L.A-3
80
Tegangan (MPa)
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2
Regangan (0/00) 1% P o lyo lefin fiber
1% Steel fiber
P lain
Kurva L.A.4. Compressive Strength FRC 1% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 28 Hari 80
Tegangan (MPa)
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 Regangan (0/00) 2% P o lyo lefin fiber
2% Steel fiber
P lain
Kurva L.A.5. Compressive Strength FRC 2% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 28 Hari
Lampiran A
L.A-4
90 80 Tegangan (MPa)
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 Regangan (0/00) 3% P o lyo lefin fiber
3% Steel fiber
P lain
Kurva L.A.6. Compressive Strength FRC 3% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 28 Hari B.
Kurva Hubungan Kuat Lentur – Penurunan Pengujian Modulus of Rupture pada FRC dan Plain 50 45
Flexural (kg/cm2)
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
1% P o lyo lefin fiber
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Deflection (cm ) 1% Steel fiber
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
P lain
Kurva L.A.7. Modulus of Rupture FRC 1% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 7 Hari
Lampiran A
L.A-5
90 80 Flexural (kg/cm2)
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
2% P o lyo lefin fiber
0.6
0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Deflection (cm ) 2% Steel fiber
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
P lain
Kurva L.A.8. Modulus of Rupture FRC 2% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 7 Hari 120
Flexural (kg/cm2)
100 80 60 40 20 0 0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Deflection (cm ) 3% P o lyo lefin fiber
3% Steel fiber
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 P lain
Kurva L.A.9. Modulus of Rupture FRC 3% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 7 Hari
Lampiran A
L.A-6
80 70 Flexural (kg/cm2)
60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
Deflection (cm ) 1% P o lyo lefin fiber
1% Steel fiber
P lain
Kurva L.A.10. Modulus of Rupture FRC 1% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 28 Hari
90 80
Flexural (kg/cm2)
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
2% P o lyo lefin fiber
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Deflection (cmfiber ) 2% Steel
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
P lain
Kurva L.A.11. Modulus of Rupture FRC 2% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 28 Hari
Lampiran A
L.A-7
140
Flexural (kg/cm2)
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 Deflection (cm )
3% P o lyo lefin fiber
0.9
1
3% Steel fiber
1.1
1.2
1.3
P lain
Kurva L.A.12. Modulus of Rupture FRC 3% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 28 Hari C.
Kurva Hubungan Kuat Tarik Belah – Penurunan pada FRC dan Plain
Splitting Tensile Strength T (MPa)
4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
1% P o lyo lefin fiber
3
3.5 4 4.5 5 Deflection (m m ) 1% Steel fiber
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
P lain
Kurva L.A.13. Splitting Tensile Strength FRC 1% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 7 Hari
Lampiran A
L.A-8
Splitting Tensile Strength T (MPa)
4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
2% P o lyo lefin fiber
3.5 4 4.5 5 Deflection (m m )
5.5
6
2% Steel fiber
6.5
7
7.5
8
P lain
Kurva L.A.14. Splitting Tensile Strength FRC 2% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 7 Hari
Splitting Tensile Strength T (MPa)
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3% P o lyo lefin fiber
3.5 4 4.5 5 Deflection (m m ) 3% Steel fiber
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
P lain
Kurva L.A.15. Splitting Tensile Strength FRC 3% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 7 Hari
Lampiran A
L.A-9
Splitting Tensile Strength T (MPa)
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0
0.5 1
1.5
2
2.5 3
3.5
4
4.5 5
5.5
6
6.5 7
7.5
8
8.5 9
9.5
Deflection (m m ) 1% P o lyo lefin fiber
1% Steel fiber
P lain
Kurva L.A.16. Splitting Tensile Strength FRC 1% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 28 Hari
Splitting Tensile Strength T (MPa)
25
20
15
10
5
0 0
0.5 1 1.5 2
2.5 3
3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 Deflection (m m )
2% P o lyo lefin fiber
2% Steel fiber
7.5 8
8.5 9
9.5 10
P lain
Kurva L.A.17. Splitting Tensile Strength FRC 2% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 28 Hari
Lampiran A
L.A-10
Splitting Tensile Strength T (MPa)
35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0
0.5 1
1.5 2
2.5 3
3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 Deflection (m m )
3% P o lyo lefin fiber
6.5 7
3% Steel fiber
7.5 8 8.5 9
9.5 10
P lain
Kurva L.A.18. Splitting Tensile Strength FRC 3% Serat & Plain Pengujian Umur Beton 28 Hari
Lampiran B: Aplikasi FRC Polyolefin
L.B-1
Gambar L.B.1. Proses Produksi Serat Polyolefin
Gambar L.B.2. FRC Polyolefin Digunakan sebagai Lapisan Deck Jembatan
Lampiran B: Aplikasi FRC Polyolefin
L.B-2
Gambar L.B.3. Proses Perataan FRC Polyolefin pada Pelapisan Deck Jembatan
Gambar L.B.4. FRC Polyolefin Digunakan sebagai Perkerasan Jalan
Lampiran B: Aplikasi FRC Polyolefin
L.B-3
Gambar L.B.5. FRC Polyolefin Digunakan sebagai Shotcrete Tembok Pelabuhan
Lampiran C: PhotoPengujian
Photo L.C.1. Coarsa Aggregate dan Fine Aggregate
Photo L.C.2. Pengujian Berat Jenis Fine Aggregate
Photo L.C.3. Pemasukan Polyolefin Fibers Kedalam Adukan
L.C-1
Lampiran C: PhotoPengujian
L.C-2
Photo L.C.4. Pengukuran Slump Plain Concrete
Photo L.C.5. Slump FRC
Lampiran C: PhotoPengujian
L.C-3
Photo L.C.6. Pengujian Kerucut Terbalik (Inverted Slump Cone Test)
Photo L.C.7. Pengujian V – B (V-B Test)
Lampiran C: PhotoPengujian
L.C-4
Photo L.C.8. Cetak Adukan Beton
Photo L.C.9. Curing Specimen
Lampiran C: PhotoPengujian
Photo L.C.10. Pengujian Kuat Tekan (Compressive Strength Test)
Photo L.C.11. Perekaman Data Pengujian dengan Data Logger
L.C-5
Lampiran C: PhotoPengujian
Photo L.C.12. Pola Retak Kuat Tekan Beton pada Plain Concrete
Photo L.C.13. Pola Retak Kuat Tekan Beton pada FRC
L.C-6
Lampiran C: PhotoPengujian
L.C-7
Photo L.C.14. Pengujian Kuat Tarik Belah (Splitting Tensile Strength Test)
Photo L.C.15. Pola Retak Plain Concrete akibat Splitting Tensile Strength Test
Lampiran C: PhotoPengujian
L.C-8
Photo L.C.16. Pola Retak FRC Polyolefin akibat Splitting Tensile Strength Test
Photo L.C.17. Pola Retak FRC Steel akibat Splitting Tensile Strength Test
Lampiran C: PhotoPengujian
Photo L.C.18. Pengujian Kuat Lentur (Modulus of Rupture Test)
Photo L.C.19. Alat Perekaman Deflection LVDT
L.C-9
Lampiran C: PhotoPengujian
Photo L.C.20. Pola Retak FRC akibat Pengujian Lentur
Photo L.C.21. Pola Retak Plain akibat Pengujian Lentur
L.C-10
