65
DAFTAR PUSTAKA [ACC/SCN] Administrative Committee on Coordination/Sub-Committee on Nutrition. 2000. Fourth Report on the World Nutrition Situation. Geneva: ACC/SCN. [AHA]
American Heart Association. 2000. About blood http://www.americanheart.org/highbloodpressure [7 Juli 2008].
pressure.
Almatsier S. 2003. Prinsip Dasar Ilmu Gizi. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Anderson JJB. 2004. Minerals. Di dalam: Mahan LK, Escott-Stump S, editor. Krause’s Food, Nutrition, & Diet Therapy. Ed ke-11. USA: Elsevier. Bender DA. 2002. Introduction to Nutrition and Metabolism. 3rd ed. New York: Taylor & Francis Inc. Beyer PL. 2004. Digestion, absorption, transport, and excretion of nutrients. Di dalam: Mahan LK, Escott-Stump S, editor. Krause’s Food, Nutrition, & Diet Therapy. Ed ke-11. USA: Elsevier. Bloem MW, Matzger H, Huq N. 1994. Vitamin A deficiency among women in the reproductive years: an ignored problem. Proceedings of the 16th IVACG Meeting. 24-28 Oktober 1994. Chiang Rai. Thailand. Blumenkrantz MJ, Kopple JD, Gutman RA, Chan YK, Barbour GL, Roberts C, Shen FH, Gandhi VC, Tucker CT, Curtis FK, Coburn JW. 1980. Methods for assessing nutritional status of patients with renal failure. Am J Clin Nutr 33:1567-1585. [BPOM] Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan. 2004. Keputusan Kepala Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan RI Nomor HK.00.05.23.3644 Tahun 2004 tentang Ketentuan Pokok Pengawasan Suplemen Makanan. Jakarta: BPOM. Brody T. 1999. Nutritional Biochemistry. 2nd ed. San Diego: Academic Press. Budiman H. 1999. Peranan gizi pada pencegahan dan penanggulangan hipertensi. Jurnal Kedokteran dan Farmasi 12:784-788. Bunk MJ, Dnistrian A, Schwartz MK, Rivlin RS. 1987. Dietary zinc deficiency impairs plasma transport of vitamin E. Am J Clin Nutr 45:865. Bunout D, Barrera G, de la Maza P, Avendano M, Gattas V, Petermann M, Hirsch S. 2001. The impact of nutritional supplementation and resistance training on the health functioning of free-living Chilean elders: results of 18 months of follow-up. J Nutr 131:2441S-2446S.
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Chandler CJ, Wang TY, Halsted CH. 1986. Pteroylpolyglutamate hydrolase from human jejunal brush border: purification and characterization. J Biol Chem 261:928. [Depkes RI] Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. 1990. Komposisi Zat Gizi Pangan Indonesia. Jakarta: Depkes. _________. 1996. Pedoman Praktis Menilai Status Gizi Orang Dewasa. Jakarta: Depkes. [Dirjen POM] Direktorat Jenderal Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan. 1996. Surat Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Pengawasan Obat dan Makanan tentang Suplemen Makanan Nomor HK.00.063.02360 Tahun 1996. Jakarta: Dirjen POM. Fairweather-Tait SJ. 1997. From absorption and excretion of minerals to the importance of bioavailability and adaptation. J Nutr 130(S):95(S)-100(S). [FAO/WHO] Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization. 1992. International Conference on Nutrition. World Declaration and Plan of Action for Nutrition. Roma: FAO. _________. 2001. Human Vitamin and Mineral Requirement. Report of a joint FAO/WHO expert consultation. Bangkok, Thailand. Roma: Food and Nutrition Division. FAO/WHO/UNU. 1985. Energy and Protein Requirements. Geneva. Foote JA, Murphy SP, Wilkens LR, Hankin JH, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN. 2003. Factors associated with dietary supplement use among healthy adults of five ethnicities. Am J Epidemiol 157(10):888-897. Fosmire G. 1990. Zinc toxicity. Am J Clin Nutr 51:225-227. Gallagher ML. 2004. Vitamins. Di dalam: Mahan LK, Escott-Stump S, editor. Krause’s Food, Nutrition, & Diet Therapy. Ed ke-11. USA: Elsevier. Gibson RS. 2005. Principles of Nutritional Assessment. Ed ke-2. New York: Oxford University Press. Goodman S. 1991. Vitamin C The Master Nutrient. Connecticut: Keats Publishing Inc. Guyton AC. 1995. Fisiologi Manusia dan Mekanisme Penyakit. Andrianto P, penerjemah. Jakarta: EGC. Terjemahan dari: Human Physiology and Mechanisms of Disease.
67
Hardinsyah, Briawan D. 1994. Penilaian dan Perencanaan Konsumsi Pangan. Bogor: Jurusan Gizi Masyarakat dan Sumberdaya Keluarga Fakultas Pertanian IPB. Hathcock JN. 1997. Vitamins and minerals: efficacy and safety. Am J Clin Nutr 66:427-437. ________, Azzi A, Blumberg J, Bray T, Dickinson A, Frei B, Jialal I, Johnston CS, Kelly FJ, Kraemer K, Packer L, Parthasarathy S, Sies H, Traber MG. 2005. Vitamins E and C are safe across a broad range of intakes. Am J Clin Nutr 81:736-745. [IOM] Institute of Medicine. 1997. Dietary Reference Intakes For Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington DC: National Academy Press. _________. 1998. Dietary Reference Intakes For Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. Washington DC: National Academy Press. _________. 2000. Dietary Reference Intakes For Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids. Washington DC: National Academy Press. _________. 2000. Dietary Reference Intakes. Applications in Dietary Assessment. Washington DC: National Academy Press. _________. 2001. Dietary Reference Intakes For Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington DC: National Academy Press. Jelliffe DB, Jelliffe EFP. 1989. Community Nutritional Assessment. New York: Oxford University Press. Jenkins DJA, Kendall CWC, Vidgen E, Augustin LSA, van Erk M, Geelen A, Parker T, Faulkner D, Vuksan V, Josse RG, Leiter LA, Connelly PW. 2001. High-protein diets in hyperlipidemia: effect of wheat gluten on serum lipids, uric acid, and renal function. Am J Clin Nutr 74:57-63. Kotchen TA, Kotchen JM. 2006. Nutrition, Diet, and Hypertension. Di dalam: Shils ME, Shike M, Ross C, Caballero B, Cousins RJ, editor. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. Ed ke-10. Baltimore: Lippincot Williams & Wilkins. Krebs NF. 2001. Bioavailability of dietary supplements and impact of physiologic state: infants, children and adolescents. J Nutr 131:1351(S)-1354(S).
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Kumar P, Clark M. 2005. Clinical Medicine. Ed ke-6. Edinburgh: Elsevier Saunders. Linder MC. 2006. Biokimia Nutrisi dan Metabolisme dengan Pemakaian Secara Klinis. Parakkasi A, penerjemah. Jakarta: UI-Press. Terjemahan dari: Nutritional Biochemistry and Metabolism with Clinical Application. Lonnerdal B. 1988. Vitamin mineral interaction. Di dalam: Bodwell CE, Erdman JW, editor. Nutrient Interactions. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc. Lyle BJ, Mares-Perlman JA, Klein BEK, Klein R, Greger JL. 1998. Supplement users differ from nonusers in demographic, lifestyle, dietary and health characteristics. J Nutr 128:2355-2362. Machlin LJ, Langseth L. 1988. Vitamin-vitamin interaction. Di dalam: Bodwell CE and Erdman JW, editor. Nutrient Interactions. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc. Mattjik AA, Sumertajaya M. 2002. Perancangan Percobaan. Ed ke-2. Bogor: IPB Press. McNaughton SA, Mishra GD, Paul AA, Prynne CJ, Wadsworth MEJ. 2005. Supplement use is associated with health status and health-related behaviors in the 1946 British birth cohort. J Nutr 135:1782-1789. Meydani SN, Meydani M, Blumberg JB, Leka LS, Pedrosa M, Diamond R, Schaefer EJ. 1998. Assessment of the safety of supplementation with different amount of vitamin E in healthy older adults. Am J Clin Nutr 63:311-318. Muhilal, Hardinsyah. 2004. Penentuan kebutuhan gizi dan kesepakatan harmonisasi di Asia Tenggara. Prosiding Widyakarya Nasional Pangan dan Gizi VIII. Jakarta: Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. Murphy SP, White KK, Park Song-Yi, Sharma S. 2007. Multivitaminmultimineral supplements’ effect on total nutrient intake. Am J Clin Nutr 85:280S-284S. Mulholland CA, Benford DJ. 2007. What is known about the safety of multivitamin-multimineral supplements for the generally healthy population? Theoretical basis for harm. Am J Clin Nutr 85:318S-322S. Neuhouser ML. 2003. Dietary supplement use by American women: challenges in assessing patterns of use, motives and costs. J Nutr 133:1992S-1996S. Nieman DC. 2001. Does exercise alter immune function and respiratory infections? President’s Council on Physical Fitness and Sports. Research Digest 3(13).
69
NIH State of the Science Panel. 2007. National Institute of Health State-of-the Science Conference Statement: Multivitamin/mineral supplements and chronic disease prevention. Am J Clin Nutr 85:257S-264S. Official Journal of the European Communities. 2002. Directive 2002/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 June 2002 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to food supplements. http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/pri/en/oj/dat/2002/I_183/I_183 20020712en00510057.pdf [20 Mei 2008]. Park Song-Yi, Murphy SP, Wilkens LR, Yamamoto JF, Kolonel LN. 2006. Allowing for variations in multivitamin supplement composition improves nutrient intake estimates for epidemiologic studies. J Nutr 136:1359-1364. Pearce E. 2006. Anatomi dan Fisiologi untuk Paramedis. Handoyo SY, penerjemah. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Terjemahan dari: Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses. Purwati S, Salimar, Rahayu S. 2002. Perencanaan Menu Untuk Penderita Tekanan Darah Tinggi. Jakarta: Penebar Swadaya. Radimer K, Bindewald B, Hughes J, Ervin B, Swanson C, Picciano MF. 2004. Dietary supplement use by US adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999-2000. Am J Epidemiol 160:339-349. Ransley JK. 2001. The Rise and Rise of Food and Nutritional Supplements-an Overview of the Market. Di dalam: Ransley JK, Donnelly JK, Read NW, editor. Food and Nutritional Supplements Their Role in Health and Disease. Jerman: Springer. Read NW. 2001. Placebo and Panacea: The Healing Effect of Nutritional Supplements. Di dalam: Ransley JK, Donnelly JK, Read NW, editor. Food and Nutritional Supplements Their Role in Health and Disease. Jerman: Springer. Riyadi H. 2001. Metode Penilaian Status Gizi Secara Antropometri. Bogor: Jurusan Gizi Masyarakat dan Sumberdaya Keluarga Fakultas Pertanian IPB. Romeo J, Wärnberg J, Gomez-Martínez S, Díaz LE, Marcos A. 2008. Neuroimmunomodulation by nutrition in stress situations [abstrak]. Neuroimmunomodulation 15:165. Romieu T. 2005. Nutrition and lung health. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 9:362-374. Sastroasmoro S, Ismael S. 2002. Dasar-dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis. Jakarta: Sagung Seto.
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Widyakarya Nasional Pangan dan Gizi VIII. 2004. Ketahanan Pangan dan Gizi di Era Otonomi Daerah dan Globalisasi. Jakarta: Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. Wildman REC, Medeiros DM. 2000. Advanced Human Nutrition. Florida: CRC Press. Woods HF. 2001. The Addition of Micronutrients to Food. Di dalam: Ransley JK, Donnelly JK, Read NW, editor. Food and Nutritional Supplements Their Role in Health and Disease. Jerman: Springer. Yetley EA. 2007. Multivitamin and mineral dietary supplements: definitions, characterization, bioavailability, and drug interactions. Am J Clin Nutr 85:269S-276S. Yip R. 2001. Iron. Di dalam: Bowman BA, Russell RM, editor. Present Knowledge in Nutrition. Ed ke-8. Washington DC: ILSI Press.
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Lampiran 1 Persetujuan etik (ethical clearance)
74
Lampiran 2 Formulir persetujuan untuk mengikuti penelitian (informed consent)
SURAT PERSETUJUAN UNTUK MENGIKUTI PENELITIAN
Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini :
Nama
:
Umur
:
Alamat
:
telah mendapat penjelasan dan mengerti tentang penelitian “Pengaruh Suplementasi Multivitamin Mineral Terhadap Imunitas Humoral, Seluler, dan Status Zat Gizi Antioksidan“ dan setuju untuk ikut dalam penelitian ini, dengan catatan bahwa bila suatu waktu merasa dirugikan dalam bentuk apapun kami berhak untuk membatalkan persetujuan ini.
Bogor, ............................ 2008 Mengetahui, Manager Perusahaan
Yang menyetujui,
____________________
__________________
75
Lampiran 3 Kuisioner status gizi dan kesehatan wanita pekerja PENGARUH SUPLEMENTASI VITAMIN C DAN MULTIVITAMIN MINERAL TERHADAP IMUNITAS HUMORAL, SELULER, DAN STATUS ZAT GIZI ANTIOKSIDAN Tanggal Wawancara : …...................
Kode : A/B/C
Enumerator
No.
: .......................
:
I. IDENTITAS RESPONDEN 1. Nama
: ……………………………………………..
2. Tanggal lahir/ Umur
: ................................/
tahun
3. Status perkawinan
: 1.
2.
Janda
4. Pendidikan terakhir
: 1. Tidak sekolah
2.
Tidak tamat SD
Menikah
3. Tamat SD
4.. Tamat SLTP
5.
Tamat SLTA
6. Tamat D1/D3
7.
Tamat S1
5. Jenis pekerjaan
: 1.
Pekerja tetap
2.. Tidak tetap
6. Devisi pekerjaan
:
7. Merokok
: 1.
ya
2. tidak
8. Minum alkohol
:
1.
ya
2. tidak
9. Sedang berdiit
:
1.
ya
2. tidak
…………………………..
10. Berapa kali ibu pernah melahirkan : 1. ................. kali 2. Jumlah anak hidup
: ..................
3. Jumlah anak meninggal: .................. 4. Jumlah anak keguguran : ................. 11. Jumlah Anggota Keluarga : …. orang 12. Ikut serta KB
:
1.
ya
2. tidak
Bila ya, lanjut no 13, bila tidak lanjut ke no.14 13. Jenis KB
Pil
2. suntik (......bln/x, tgl.….)
3.
IUD
4. Spiral
5.
Steril
6. Kondom
7.
Implant/susuk
: 1.
76
14. Apakah ibu melakukan olah raga? 1. ya
2. tidak
Bila ya, lanjut ke no.15, bila tidak stop 15. Jenis olah raga yang biasa dilakukan : a. Jogging b. Senam c. Badminton d. Lainnya………………… 16. Lama tiap kali olah raga………..menit 17. Berapa kali melakukan olah raga dalam 1 minggu? (……..kali/minggu) II. ANTROPOMETRI RESPONDEN 1. Berat badan : ..................kg 2. Tinggi badan : ..................cm 3. LILA
: ..................cm
III. SOSIAL EKONOMI 1. Penghasilan istri per bulan
Rp............................
2. Penghasilan suami per bulan
Rp.............................
3. Penghasilan tambahan istri per bulan
Rp.............................
4. Penghasilan tambahan suami per bulan
Rp.............................
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IV. PEMERIKSAAN KESEHATAN Data Dasar Morbiditas 1. Apakah ibu sedang mendapat menstruasi ? 1. Ya
2. Tidak
2. Apakah dalam 2 bulan terakhir Ibu menderita sakit : Jenis penyakit
Ya/tidak
Jika ya, berapa hari
Dibawa kemana*
Panas/demam Batuk Pilek Diare Lainnya * : 1 = Puskesmas, 2= Rumah sakit, 3= Klinik, 4= Diobati sendiri 3. Apakah dalam 1 bulan terakhir hingga saat ini Ibu menderita sakit : Jenis penyakit
Ya/tidak
Jika ya, berapa hari
Dibawa kemana*
Panas/demam Batuk Pilek Diare Lainnya * : 1 = Puskesmas, 2= Rumah sakit, 3= Klinik, 4= Diobati sendiri
78
V. PEMERIKSAAN KLINIS Pemeriksaan Fisik Vital sign: TD:......... Suhu: N/…………. Nadi: N/…........ Pernafasan: N/............
1. Keadaan umum:
1. tampak sehat
2. tampak sakit
2. Wajah
1. normal
2. .............
a. Conjungtiva mata
1. normal
2. pucat
b. Sklera mata
1. normal
2. ikterik
3. Mata:
c. Lainnya.
...............
...............
4. Telinga
1.normal
2. tuli
5. Hidung
1. normal
2. ..............
6. Tenggorokan
1. normal
2. ……......
7. Mulut
1. normal
2. .……….
8. Gigi
1. normal
2. ……….
9. Leher
1. normal
2...............
10. a. Jantung
1. normal
2...............
1. normal
2. ..............
1. normal
2. ..............
1. normal
2. ..............
12. Genital
1. normal
2. ..............
13. Ekstremitas atas
1. normal
2. ..............
14. Ekstremitas bawah
1. normal
2. ..............
15. Kulit
1. normal
2. ..............
b. Thorax/paru-paru 11. Abdomen: a. Hati b. Limpa
Diagnosis kerja/kesimpulan: 1. Sehat 2. Tidak sehat, sebutkan...................... Anamnese penyakit yang pernah diderita sebelumnya/penyakit dahulu -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
79
VI. KONSUMSI PANGAN Recall 2 X 24 jam Hari Ke : Nama Responden Tanggal Waktu
1. Pagi
2. Siang
3. Malam
: ............................. : .............................
Nama Makanan/minuman
Nama Bahan Makanan
Petugas: .....................
Jumlah URT Gram
80
Food Frequencies Questionare
Nama Responden : ..................... Tanggal : ......................
Bahan makanan
Frekuensi konsumsi makanan 1x /hr
Nasi Mie Roti Jagung Biskuit Kacang Ijo Kacang Merah Melinjo Ubi Jalar Tempe Tahu Telur Oncom Ayam Daging Sapi Hati sapi Hati ayam Ikan segar Bayam Kangkung Daun singkong Kac.Panjang Selada air Sawi Daun katuk Jambu Biji Pepaya Jeruk Salak Susu bubuk Keju Lainnya
Petugas : .................
2-3x /hr
3-5x /mg
1-2x /mg
2-3x /bln
1x /bl
Tidak pernah
81
VII. FORMULIR MONITORING INTERVENSI
Kode No. Minggu ke Hari
: A/B/C : Tgl
Nama Responden : Petugas : Minum Suplemen Ya Tidak
Minggu ke Hari
I
VI
II
VII
III
VIII
IV
IX
V
X
Tgl
Minum Suplemen Ya Tidak
82
VIII. DATA MONITORING MORBIDITAS Apakah dalam 1 minggu terakhir hingga saat ini Ibu menderita sakit : Jenis penyakit
Ya/tidak
Jika ya, berapa hari
Dibawa kemana*
Panas/demam Batuk Pilek Diare Lainnya * : 1 = Puskesmas, 2= Rumah sakit, 3= Klinik, 4= Diobati sendiri
83
Lampiran 4 Prosedur penentuan urea serum darah Analisis urea serum ditentukan dengan kit Fluitest ® Urea col. Biocon Jerman berdasarkan metode Berthelot. Prinsip uji Pemisahan urea secara enzimatik berdasarkan reaksi berikut: Urease Urea + H2O + 2 H
+
2 NH4 + CO2
Ion natrium yang terbentuk bereaksi dengan salisilat dan hipoklorida hingga berwarna hijau (2.2 dikarboksilindofenol). Reagen Reagen 1 (R1) mengandung buffer fosfat dengan pH 6.7, EDTA, natrium salisilat, dan natrium nitroprusida. R2 mengandung urease, R3 mengandung natrium hipoklorida dan natrium hidroksida, sedangkan R4 (standar) mengandung urea. Prosedur Panjang gelombang : 580-600 nm Suhu
: +37oC
Kuvet kaca
: 1 cm
Pengukuran terhadap reagen blanko (RB) dilakukan satu kali untuk satu seri pemeriksaan. Dipipet ke dalam kuvet Working solution Standar (R4) Sampel
Reagen blanko 1000 μl ---
Standar
Sampel
1000 μl 10 μl --
1000 μl -10 μl
Reagen-reagen ini dicampur, kemudian diinkubasi pada suhu 37oC selama 5 menit lalu ditambahkan R3 200 μl untuk reagen blanko, 200 μl untuk standar, dan 200 μl untuk sampel. Dicampurkan, lalu diinkubasi pada suhu 37 oC selama 5 menit kemudian dibaca absorbansi sampel dan standar terhadap reagen blanko (∆A). Perhitungan Konsentrasi urea (mg/dl) = (∆A sampel/∆A standar) x konsentrasi standar
84
Lampiran 5 Prosedur penentuan kreatinin serum darah Analisis kreatinin serum ditentukan dengan kit Fluitest ® Crea Kinetic Biocon Jerman berdasarkan metode Jaffe. Prinsip uji Pengujian berdasarkan uji kinetik kolorimetrik dengan reaksi: larutan alkali kreatinin + asam pikrik pikrik
kompleks
kreatinin-asam
Pada larutan alkali, kreatinin membentuk kompleks kuning-oranye dengan pikrat. Intensitas warna secara langsung proporsional dengan konsentrasi kreatinin dan dapat diukur secara fotometrik. Reagen Reagen 1 (R1) mengandung asam pikrik, R2 mengandung natrium hidroksida, sedangkan R4 mengandung kreatinin. Prosedur Panjang gelombang : 492 nm (480-520 nm) Suhu
: +37oC
Kuvet kaca
: 1 cm
Dipipet ke dalam kuvet Working solution Standar (R4) Sampel
Semi mikro 1000 μl 100 μl --
1000 μl -100 μl
Reagen-reagen ini dicampur, kemudian segera dituangkan ke dalam kuvet. Setelah 20 detik baca A1 sampel dan standar, kemudian 80 detik setelah pembacaan pertama segera baca A2 sampel dan standar.
85
Lampiran 6 Antropometri wanita pekerja sebelum dan setelah suplementasi a. Antropometri perlakuan plasebo Wanita pekerja 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
BB (kg) 39.5 66.3 68.4 48.4 66.2 57.8 50.9 43.2 52.4 57.6 49.0 49.9 42.8 43.6 44.1 46.1 68.0 50.9 47.0 59.2 56.1 42.3 42.2 64.4 64.7 64.0 55.9 65.1 55.8 75.1 53.9
Sebelum TB (cm) 149.2 154.7 159.4 146.1 153.8 149.5 153.0 145.7 151.0 152.1 160.8 156.0 151.1 144.9 148.5 144.0 150.0 159.1 143.0 151.5 153.8 148.9 145.5 152.3 150.9 151.0 154.5 156.9 149.0 156.4 150.6
IMT (kg/m2) 17.7 27.7 26.9 22.7 28.0 25.9 21.7 20.4 23.0 24.9 19.0 20.5 18.7 20.8 20.0 22.2 30.2 20.1 23.0 25.8 23.7 19.1 19.9 27.8 28.4 28.1 23.4 26.4 25.1 30.7 23.8
BB (kg) 40.5 65.6 68.1 48.0 67.2 60.0 50.3 43.6 50.5 57.8 50.8 50.4 43.5 43.8 43.5 45.2 66.7 51.2 47.2 60.0 54.0 43.1 41.3 65.5 64.1 64.3 54.8 65.7 53.9 75.3 54.5
Setelah TB (cm) 149.1 155.7 160.8 146.8 154.8 148.8 153.6 146.5 151.0 152.0 160.8 156.6 151.3 145.7 148.9 143.9 149.0 159.0 143.2 152.0 154.0 149.2 145.3 150.5 149.5 151.5 152.0 155.0 148.0 157.0 149.5
IMT (kg/m2) 18.2 27.1 26.3 22.3 28.0 27.1 21.3 20.3 22.1 25.0 19.6 20.6 19.0 20.6 19.6 21.8 30.0 20.3 23.0 26.0 22.8 19.4 19.6 28.9 28.7 28.0 23.7 27.3 24.6 30.5 24.4
86
b. Antropometri perlakuan vitamin C Wanita pekerja 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
BB (kg) 51.3 39.6 39.3 53.7 48.3 63.3 35.1 44.1 54.0 53.1 66.4 45.9 52.8 61.1 50.1 44.5 45.1 47.2 45.5 49.6 65.2 58.7 45.5 64.9 57.0 55.6 59.8 44.1 44.8 56.7 42.4
Sebelum TB (cm) 146.7 145.7 151.6 153.7 150.8 157.6 145.0 155.1 151.8 150.8 149.5 142.8 151.0 158.8 151.8 155.4 150.6 147.5 153.5 150.0 161.5 150.5 147.5 151.0 150.2 157.4 140.3 146.5 147.6 147.2 146.7
IMT (kg/m2) 23.8 18.7 17.1 22.7 21.2 25.5 16.7 18.3 23.4 23.4 29.7 22.5 23.2 24.2 21.7 18.4 19.9 21.7 19.3 22.0 25.0 25.9 20.9 28.5 25.3 22.4 30.4 20.5 20.6 26.2 19.7
BB (kg) 51.8 39.2 39.6 52.4 50.1 62.0 34.6 44.3 53.7 51.4 66.6 45.8 51.9 60.5 48.9 44.7 47.6 46.8 44.1 49.9 54.0 59.4 45.8 64.5 57.8 55.9 60.8 42.7 44.6 55.4 42.1
Setelah TB (cm) 147.7 146.9 151.6 154.6 153.6 157.4 145.3 155.2 152.7 150.8 149.8 141.4 149.0 157.9 149.5 153.3 150.4 147.4 152.0 149.9 157.0 151.3 147.3 152.6 148.9 157.0 141.0 147.0 147.6 146.0 147.2
IMT (kg/m2) 23.7 18.2 17.2 21.9 21.2 25.0 16.4 18.4 23.0 22.6 29.7 22.9 23.4 24.3 21.9 19.0 21.0 21.5 19.1 22.2 21.9 25.9 21.1 27.7 26.1 22.7 30.6 19.8 20.5 26.0 19.4
87
c. Antropometri perlakuan multivitamin mineral Wanita pekerja 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
BB (kg) 54.7 50.8 44.2 42.0 48.0 43.5 58.5 41.4 52.8 58.9 66.2 48.0 54.8 55.4 48.7 58.7 47.7 45.9 54.5 58.4 55.2 36.9 47.8 62.7 56.3 51.7 52.5 50.0 54.9 57.0 63.8
Sebelum TB (cm) 152.5 140.6 143.3 145.5 145.6 145.0 147.4 142.7 154.8 151.4 153.0 144.7 147.2 149.1 150.5 155.7 153.0 148.5 152.5 153.6 153.2 144.4 143.2 161.8 155.0 143.0 155.4 150.2 150.7 152.0 161.2
IMT (kg/m2) 23.5 25.7 21.5 19.8 22.6 20.7 26.9 20.3 22.0 25.7 28.3 22.9 25.3 24.9 21.5 24.2 20.4 20.8 23.4 24.8 23.5 17.7 23.3 24.0 23.4 25.3 21.7 22.2 24.2 24.7 24.6
BB (kg) 54.0 48.5 44.9 42.2 48.3 43.1 58.9 42.4 53.0 59.0 64.3 48.4 54.4 55.6 49.7 57.6 46.3 44.9 52.7 59.9 53.9 37.0 47.1 62.6 56.6 52.7 52.1 48.7 53.5 56.5 62.8
Setelah TB (cm) 152.5 141.0 143.5 146.1 147.0 146.1 147.8 142.5 155.2 151.8 151.2 145.5 147.0 149.0 150.7 156.0 153.7 150.0 152.6 151.7 152.5 145.0 143.1 160.7 153.0 142.5 152.7 148.5 148.2 149.0 159.4
IMT (kg/m2) 23.2 24.4 21.8 19.8 22.4 20.2 27.0 20.9 22.0 25.6 28.1 22.9 25.2 25.0 21.9 23.7 19.6 20.0 22.6 26.0 23.2 17.6 23.0 24.2 24.2 26.0 22.3 22.1 24.4 25.4 24.7
88
Lampiran 7 Monitoring morbiditas wanita pekerja selama suplementasi a. Rata-rata lama sakit Perlakuan Plasebo Vit. C MVM
Rata-rata lama sakit (hari) 4,3±4,9 2,1±2,8 2,5±3,6
b. Tempat berobat ketika sakit Tempat berobat Diobati sendiri Klinik Rumah sakit Puskesmas Total
Plasebo 16 (69,6%) 5 (21,7%) 1 (4,3%) 1 (4,3%) 23 (100,0%)
Perlakuan Vit. C 17 (89,5%) 2 (10,5%) 0 (0,0%) 0 (0,0%) 19 (100,0%)
MVM 10 (71,4%) 3 (21,4%) 1 (7,2%) 0 (0,0%) 14 (100,0%)
89
Lampiran 8 Tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik wanita pekerja sebelum dan setelah suplementasi a. Tekanan darah perlakuan plasebo Wanita pekerja 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Sebelum Sistolik Diastolik 90 60 90 60 90 60 145 90 120 80 110 70 90 60 90 60 90 60 100 70 90 60 90 60 90 60 120 80 100 70 110 70 110 70 100 70 100 70 110 70 110 70 90 60 90 60 100 70 110 70 90 60 90 60 110 70 90 60 90 60 90 60
Setelah Sistolik Diastolik 100 70 90 60 100 70 140 90 110 70 110 70 90 60 100 70 110 70 100 70 90 60 90 60 90 60 130 80 110 70 100 70 100 70 90 60 100 70 100 70 110 70 90 60 110 70 90 60 90 60 90 60 90 60 90 60 90 60 90 60 90 60
90
b. Tekanan darah perlakuan vitamin C Wanita pekerja 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Sebelum Sistolik Diastolik 90 60 90 60 100 70 100 60 90 60 110 70 110 70 100 70 110 70 90 60 90 60 110 70 100 70 90 60 110 70 90 60 100 70 110 70 90 60 90 60 100 70 100 70 100 70 110 70 100 70 90 60 110 70 90 60 90 60 90 60 100 70
Setelah Sistolik Diastolik 110 70 90 60 100 70 90 60 90 60 90 60 100 70 100 70 90 60 100 70 90 60 90 60 100 70 90 60 110 70 90 60 100 70 100 70 90 60 90 60 100 70 90 60 110 70 90 60 90 60 100 70 100 70 90 60 90 60 100 70 90 60
91
c. Tekanan darah perlakuan multivitamin mineral Wanita pekerja 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Sebelum Sistolik Diastolik 90 60 100 70 100 70 160 100 110 70 90 60 100 70 90 60 100 70 100 70 110 70 90 60 90 60 100 70 90 60 90 60 90 60 90 60 90 60 90 60 90 60 90 60 110 70 90 60 120 80 100 70 90 60 90 60 100 70 100 70 110 70
Sistolik 90 90 90 140 110 90 110 90 100 90 100 90 90 100 90 90 90 90 90 100 90 90 100 90 130 90 90 110 100 90 110
Setelah Diastolik 60 60 60 100 70 60 70 60 70 60 70 60 60 70 60 60 60 60 60 70 60 60 70 60 80 60 60 70 70 60 70
92
Lampiran 9
Kadar urea dan kreatinin wanita pekerja sebelum dan setelah suplementasi
a. Kadar urea dan kreatinin perlakuan plasebo Wanita pekerja 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Urea Sebelum Setelah 21.9 25.9 18.6 23.8 22.5 25.0 17.9 24.1 16.9 19.3 13.3 22.4 18.7 24.3 21.6 16.7 10.2 23.3 17.1 15.4 11.4 14.0 15.5 10.7 21.6 15.9 27.9 30.6 26.6 12.6 18.9 25.0 16.0 24.3 18.5 16.8 24.0 22.5 23.0 14.9 25.0 25.6 28.8 18.3 13.7 18.7 16.5 24.1 14.8 22.7 20.3 20.0 19.9 17.9 19.5 21.7 29.7 32.5 19.3 22.1 14.8 24.6
Kreatinin Sebelum Setelah 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.5 0.4 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8
93
b. Kadar urea dan kreatinin perlakuan vitamin C Wanita pekerja 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Urea Sebelum Setelah 16.2 18.7 25.5 27.8 23.3 22.7 18.7 18.8 22.3 15.7 17.2 20.7 13.7 18.6 16.0 20.0 14.3 18.0 20.2 12.8 20.1 18.1 21.6 26.2 17.4 18.6 17.3 18.3 16.1 22.7 23.2 25.0 26.8 30.1 28.3 31.4 21.8 25.0 8.0 21.8 15.0 16.7 20.8 24.0 22.6 18.8 18.1 17.1 25.7 16.4 20.3 17.2 27.5 28.6 17.3 15.3 10.4 19.2 14.7 24.2 13.4 17.7
Kreatinin Sebelum Setelah 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.0 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.7 1.0 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8 0.6 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0
94
c. Kadar urea dan kreatinin perlakuan multivitamin mineral Wanita pekerja 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Urea Kreatinin Sebelum Sesudah Sebelum Sesudah 15.1 22.3 0.8 0.9 20.8 14.5 1.0 0.6 14.7 13.4 0.7 0.6 21.6 21.4 1.0 0.7 18.7 27.4 0.9 1.0 11.1 11.2 0.7 0.7 18.0 22.9 0.7 0.9 19.3 20.6 0.7 0.8 21.2 23.6 0.9 0.7 16.8 19.7 0.9 0.6 19.3 18.2 0.7 0.6 33.6 22.3 0.9 0.9 18.0 19.4 0.8 0.8 37.4 25.3 0.9 0.7 19.8 21.5 0.9 1.0 23.5 15.1 0.7 0.7 12.9 19.2 0.6 0.7 18.2 20.0 0.9 0.9 25.0 30.6 0.9 0.8 24.3 22.4 0.9 0.8 26.8 18.5 0.8 0.9 30.8 22.0 0.8 0.9 19.3 23.6 0.8 0.9 11.4 19.4 0.8 0.9 23.9 24.3 0.7 0.8 28.7 23.1 0.8 0.6 29.2 23.0 1.0 0.7 30.4 23.4 0.9 0.8 24.0 26.5 1.0 1.0 23.2 26.8 0.9 0.8 27.8 22.8 0.8 0.6
Lampiran 10 Frekuensi konsumsi wanita pekerja dari makanan sebelum dan setelah suplementasi 1a Frekuensi konsumsi makanan sumber karbohidrat sebelum suplementasi (%) Nasi Frekuensi
Vit. C
Roti
Jagung
Biskuit
Ubijalar
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
100.0
96.8
96.8
3.2
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1x/hari
0.0
3.2
3.2
3.2
9.7
6.5
6.5
6.5
9.7
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.9
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
3-5x/mg
0.0
0.0
0.0
19.4
38.7
35.5
29.0
22.6
25.8
3.2
6.5
6.5
9.7
12.9
32.3
0.0
9.7
3.2
1-2x/mg
0.0
0.0
0.0
61.3
29.0
48.4
41.9
54.8
48.4
51.6
25.8
19.4
35.5
25.8
32.3
25.8
25.8
29.0
2-3x/bln
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.5
9.7
0.0
12.9
9.7
6.5
6.5
12.9
19.4
16.1
6.5
9.7
19.4
16.1
0.0
1x/bln
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
12.9
9.7
3.2
3.2
3.2
16.1
32.3
22.6
9.7
22.6
12.9
29.0
25.8
29.0
Tidak pernah
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
3.2
3.2
6.5
19.4
22.6
32.3
29.0
19.4
12.9
25.8
19.4
38.7
2-3x/hari
Plasebo
Mie
1b Frekuensi konsumsi makanan sumber karbohidrat setelah suplementasi (%) Nasi Frekuensi
Vit. C
Roti
Jagung
Biskuit
Ubijalar
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
100.0
100.0
100.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1x/hari
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.5
9.7
6.5
12.9
3.2
0.0
3.2
0.0
6.5
16.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
3-5x/mg
0.0
0.0
0.0
29.0
45.2
35.5
25.8
19.4
19.4
3.2
16.1
3.2
9.7
6.5
6.5
0.0
3.2
0.0
1-2x/mg
0.0
0.0
0.0
54.8
41.9
48.4
48.4
54.8
58.1
58.1
32.3
45.2
51.6
35.5
35.5
19.4
25.8
16.1
2-3x/bln
0.0
0.0
0.0
9.7
9.7
0.0
3.2
3.2
3.2
12.9
12.9
6.5
6.5
9.7
9.7
19.4
3.2
9.7
1x/bln
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
6.5
6.5
9.7
6.5
12.9
29.0
29.0
19.4
12.9
22.6
32.3
29.0
25.8
Tidak pernah
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
3.2
6.5
6.5
0.0
9.7
9.7
12.9
9.7
25.8
9.7
29.0
38.7
48.4
2-3x/hari
Plasebo
Mie
95
2a Frekuensi konsumsi makanan sumber protein nabati sebelum suplementasi (%) Kc. Hijau Frekuensi
Plasebo
Vit. C
Kc. Merah
Melinjo
Tempe
Tahu
Oncom
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
2-3x/hari
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
6.5
9.7
0.0
6.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1x/hari
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
29.0
32.3
9.7
22.6
16.1
16.1
3.2
0.0
0.0
3-5x/mg
3.2
6.5
0.0
3.2
0.0
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
41.9
38.7
51.6
51.6
51.6
51.6
3.2
6.5
0.0
1-2x/mg
29.0
25.8
29.0
6.5
9.7
16.1
41.9
32.3
12.9
22.6
19.4
25.8
25.8
19.4
25.8
16.1
29.0
32.3
2-3x/bln
9.7
9.7
12.9
3.2
0.0
6.5
9.7
3.2
9.7
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
6.5
3.2
16.1
16.1
6.5
1x/bln
29.0
19.4
12.9
9.7
9.7
9.7
12.9
16.1
22.6
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
22.6
22.6
16.1
Tidak pernah
29.0
35.5
45.2
77.4
80.6
64.5
29.0
45.2
48.4
6.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
38.7
25.8
45.2
2b Frekuensi konsumsi makanan sumber protein nabati setelah suplementasi (%) Kc. Hijau Frekuensi
Plasebo
Vit. C
Kc. Merah
Melinjo
Tempe
Tahu
Oncom
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
2-3x/hari
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
6.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1x/hari
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
19.4
12.9
29.0
16.1
6.5
19.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
3-5x/mg
3.2
3.2
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
3.2
3.2
3.2
45.2
51.6
35.5
54.8
51.6
35.5
3.2
0.0
6.5
1-2x/mg
41.9
29.0
19.4
16.1
9.7
9.7
48.4
45.2
22.6
22.6
32.3
22.6
29.0
38.7
38.7
22.6
35.5
16.1
2-3x/bln
6.5
0.0
12.9
0.0
0.0
6.5
19.4
6.5
9.7
6.5
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
3.2
9.7
1x/bln
25.8
29.0
29.0
9.7
12.9
12.9
3.2
19.4
12.9
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
3.2
41.9
29.0
25.8
Tidak pernah
22.6
38.7
38.7
71.0
77.4
71.0
25.8
25.8
51.6
3.2
0.0
3.2
0.0
3.2
3.2
29.0
32.3
41.9
96
3a Frekuensi konsumsi makanan sumber protein hewani sebelum suplementasi (%) Telur Frekuensi
Vit. C
Ayam
Daging sapi
Hati sapi
Hati ayam
Ikan segar Vit. C
MVM
0.0
0.0
6.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1x/hari
25.8
19.4
19.4
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
3-5x/mg
45.2
48.4
48.4
16.1
9.7
16.1
6.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
12.9
9.7
3.2
12.9
9.7
3.2
1-2x/mg
25.8
29.0
19.4
45.2
67.7
71.0
9.7
6.5
3.2
3.2
0.0
3.2
25.8
32.3
25.8
25.8
32.3
25.8
2-3x/bln
0.0
0.0
3.2
25.8
19.4
6.5
12.9
6.5
6.5
3.2
6.5
3.2
16.1
12.9
19.4
16.1
12.9
19.4
1x/bln
0.0
0.0
3.2
9.7
3.2
3.2
6.5
32.3
29.0
3.2
19.4
6.5
22.6
25.8
19.4
22.6
25.8
19.4
Tidak pernah
3.2
3.2
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
64.5
54.8
61.3
87.1
74.2
87.1
19.4
19.4
32.3
19.4
19.4
32.3
2-3x/hari
Plasebo
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
3b Frekuensi konsumsi makanan sumber protein hewani setelah suplementasi (%) Telur Frekuensi
Vit. C
Ayam
Daging sapi
Hati sapi
Hati ayam
Ikan segar Vit. C
MVM
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1x/hari
12.9
12.9
9.7
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
3-5x/mg
61.3
48.4
51.6
16.1
22.6
19.4
3.2
6.5
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
6.5
3.2
19.4
22.6
0.0
1-2x/mg
25.8
32.3
35.5
64.5
67.7
67.7
6.5
6.5
9.7
0.0
3.2
6.5
51.6
41.9
32.3
51.6
54.8
64.5
2-3x/bln
0.0
3.2
3.2
12.9
3.2
12.9
19.4
3.2
3.2
0.0
3.2
0.0
9.7
12.9
12.9
9.7
0.0
12.9
1x/bln
0.0
3.2
0.0
3.2
3.2
0.0
16.1
29.0
29.0
9.7
16.1
9.7
9.7
12.9
19.4
12.9
16.1
6.5
Tidak pernah
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
3.2
0.0
54.8
54.8
54.8
90.3
77.4
83.9
22.6
25.8
32.3
6.5
6.5
12.9
2-3x/hari
Plasebo
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
97
4a Frekuensi konsumsi sayur-sayuran sebelum suplementasi (%)
Frekuensi
Bayam Vit. Plasebo C
MVM
Kangkung Vit. Plasebo C MVM
Daun singkong Vit. Plasebo C MVM
Kacang panjang Vit. Plasebo C MVM
Selada air Vit. Plasebo C MVM
Plasebo
Sawi Vit. C
MVM
Daun katuk Vit. Plasebo C MVM
2-3x/hari
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
1x/hari
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3-5x/mg
25.8
29.0
19.4
19.4
25.8
12.9
29.0
12.9
6.5
32.3
9.7
3.2
3.2
0.0
0.0
32.3
19.4
19.4
3.2
0.0
0.0
1-2x/mg
48.4
38.7
45.2
51.6
41.9
48.4
32.3
38.7
51.6
41.9
67.7
64.5
6.5
9.7
6.5
41.9
64.5
45.2
19.4
6.5
3.2
2-3x/bln
0.0
9.7
9.7
0.0
9.7
6.5
6.5
16.1
12.9
3.2
6.5
12.9
3.2
0.0
6.5
9.7
0.0
6.5
0.0
0.0
3.2
1x/bln Tidak pernah
3.2
9.7
9.7
6.5
19.4
16.1
12.9
22.6
9.7
12.9
12.9
3.2
3.2
6.5
9.7
3.2
6.5
12.9
3.2
9.7
9.7
22.6
12.9
16.1
22.6
3.2
16.1
19.4
6.5
19.4
9.7
3.2
16.1
83.9
83.9
77.4
12.9
9.7
12.9
74.2
83.9
83.9
4b Frekuensi konsumsi sayur-sayuran setelah suplementasi (%)
Frekuensi
Bayam Vit. Plasebo C
MVM
Kangkung Vit. Plasebo C MVM
Daun singkong Vit. Plasebo C MVM
Kacang panjang Vit. Plasebo C MVM
Selada air Vit. Plasebo C MVM
Sawi Vit. Plasebo C
MVM
Daun katuk Vit. Plasebo C MVM
2-3x/hari
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1x/hari
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
3-5x/mg
16.1
12.9
19.4
12.9
9.7
16.1
12.9
6.5
6.5
25.8
16.1
3.2
3.2
0.0
0.0
12.9
25.8
12.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
1-2x/mg
51.6
45.2
61.3
48.4
58.1
61.3
38.7
58.1
51.6
54.8
64.5
61.3
12.9
3.2
3.2
64.5
45.2
64.5
12.9
6.5
0.0
2-3x/bln
12.9
16.1
0.0
6.5
6.5
0.0
12.9
9.7
9.7
6.5
0.0
12.9
3.2
0.0
3.2
3.2
3.2
6.5
0.0
0.0
6.5
6.5
12.9
3.2
12.9
16.1
0.0
12.9
9.7
6.5
3.2
9.7
9.7
12.9
9.7
6.5
12.9
6.5
3.2
9.7
9.7
16.1
12.9
12.9
16.1
19.4
9.7
22.6
22.6
16.1
25.8
9.7
9.7
12.9
67.7
87.1
87.1
6.5
19.4
9.7
77.4
83.9
77.4
1x/bln Tidak pernah
98
5a Frekuensi konsumsi buah-buahan sebelum suplementasi (%) Jambu biji Frekuensi
Pepaya
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
2-3x/hari
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1x/hari
3.2
3.2
0.0
3-5x/mg
19.4
19.4
1-2x/mg
45.2
41.9
2-3x/bln
3.2
1x/bln
3.2 25.8
Tidak pernah
Vit. C
Jeruk MVM
Plasebo
0.0
0.0
3.2
3.2
0.0
0.0
16.1
9.7
12.9
45.2
45.2
29.0
3.2
6.5
3.2
9.7
6.5
6.5
22.6
25.8
32.3
29.0
Vit. C
Salak MVM
Plasebo
0.0
3.2
0.0
Vit. C 0.0
MVM 0.0
9.7
3.2
3.2
3.2
0.0
0.0
12.9
35.5
35.5
48.4
22.6
22.6
3.2
35.5
35.5
58.1
35.5
22.6
25.8
41.9
9.7
12.9
9.7
3.2
6.5
3.2
3.2
12.9
19.4
9.7
3.2
0.0
0.0
16.1
16.1
12.9
29.0
3.2
0.0
3.2
32.3
32.3
29.0
MVM
Plasebo
5b Frekuensi konsumsi buah-buahan setelah suplementasi (%) Jambu biji Frekuensi
Pepaya
Plasebo
Vit. C
MVM
Plasebo
2-3x/hari
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1x/hari
0.0
9.7
0.0
3-5x/mg
16.1
12.9
1-2x/mg
38.7
25.8
2-3x/bln
6.5
1x/bln
9.7 29.0
25.8
Tidak pernah
Vit. C
Jeruk Vit. C
Salak
MVM
Plasebo
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Vit. C 0.0
MVM 0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.5
9.7
12.9
3.2
0.0
0.0
22.6
12.9
12.9
3.2
45.2
32.3
58.1
0.0
0.0
9.7
38.7
48.4
45.2
54.8
41.9
54.8
29.0
35.5
38.7
29.0
6.5
3.2
6.5
3.2
6.5
6.5
3.2
0.0
12.9
3.2
9.7
19.4
9.7
9.7
12.9
12.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
16.1
19.4
6.5
25.8
22.6
25.8
22.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
32.3
38.7
45.2
99
100
6
Frekuensi konsumsi susu bubuk sebelum dan setelah suplementasi (%)
Frekuensi 2-3x/hari 1x/hari 3-5x/mg 1-2x/mg 2-3x/bln 1x/bln Tidak pernah
Plasebo 0.0 6.5 0.0 3.2 0.0 0.0 90.3
Sebelum Vit. C 0.0 6.5 9.7 6.5 3.2 3.2 71.0
MVM 0.0 3.2 9.7 9.7 0.0 3.2 74.2
Plasebo 0.0 3.2 0.0 6.5 0.0 0.0 90.3
Setelah Vit. C 0.0 0.0 3.2 12.9 0.0 6.5 77.4
MVM 0.0 3.2 6.5 3.2 0.0 0.0 87.1
101
Lampiran 11 Konsumsi zat gizi wanita pekerja dari makanan sebelum dan setelah suplementasi a. Konsumsi zat gizi pada perlakuan plasebo (%) Wanita pekerja 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Energi (kkal) 1665.5 1010.0 910.5 954.5 1432.0 1375.0 1165.0 954.0 1619.0 2244.0 1210.0 641.0 2589.0 1388.5 1045.0 1451.5 621.0 938.5 1397.5 1308.0 1141.0 1190.5 1030.0 1061.0 1635.0 952.5 1163.0 1180.5 1209.5 1239.0 1127.5
Sebelum Protein Vit. C (g) (mg) 51.9 21.5 40.0 42.5 40.5 38.0 29.0 42.0 44.1 12.0 48.8 12.0 46.9 20.0 41.9 10.0 32.0 16.0 52.0 27.0 59.4 2.0 28.3 9.0 79.1 65.0 45.4 20.0 34.5 36.0 49.0 124.5 23.6 9.0 30.2 11.5 63.1 30.5 36.3 19.5 43.5 45.5 33.8 26.0 41.7 11.5 33.5 23.5 69.3 33.0 33.7 14.0 53.7 198.0 36.3 112.0 39.4 121.5 33.7 210.0 31.1 23.0
Besi (mg) 11.8 5.8 7.4 3.1 10.2 6.3 5.2 3.2 3.9 13.4 5.9 5.3 10.0 4.9 6.4 5.6 3.1 3.1 7.6 3.8 6.2 5.3 4.1 5.2 7.6 7.7 5.3 8.3 4.2 6.6 3.4
Energi (kkal) 1283.0 1340.5 1060.0 1377.0 1034.5 1059.5 811.0 1053.5 1201.0 546.5 1019.5 933.5 1109.0 1052.5 1237.5 1676.5 1885.0 1211.0 1312.5 1354.0 1402.0 1567.5 1791.5 1390.0 955.5 1646.5 957.5 1315.5 1220.0 1404.5 1602.5
Setelah Protein Vit. C (g) (mg) 37.0 156.5 55.9 8.5 28.7 10.0 45.4 140.0 30.2 27.0 22.0 12.5 33.5 40.5 35.2 253.0 45.9 58.5 16.1 10.0 49.7 94.0 31.1 12.5 30.3 44.0 29.2 11.0 36.3 26.5 62.5 17.5 65.3 62.5 31.7 28.5 45.6 43.5 44.4 96.5 35.1 24.5 44.5 127.5 54.0 33.5 55.2 59.5 27.7 35.0 64.5 113.5 35.1 28.5 31.5 42.5 44.2 25.0 51.1 116.5 37.1 15.0
Besi (mg) 6.7 6.0 12.5 11.4 3.8 6.8 4.9 4.5 8.0 3.8 39.4 4.5 5.3 3.8 8.2 10.4 10.0 6.4 6.6 6.2 8.9 10.2 14.1 8.1 4.2 9.5 8.0 6.1 5.1 7.8 5.9
102
b. Konsumsi zat gizi pada perlakuan vitamin C (%) Wanita pekerja 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Energi (kkal) 1202.5 743.0 842.5 1118.5 1105.5 1403.5 1114.5 1149.0 556.0 1205.5 1191.0 1402.0 2519.0 884.0 1187.0 979.0 1354.5 1301.0 1671.5 1700.5 1551.5 1323.5 1042.5 1002.5 1503.5 1187.0 293.0 1308.0 885.0 1099.0 1345.0
Sebelum Protein Vit. C (g) (mg) 39.1 130.5 30.5 39.5 29.0 29.5 41.9 46.5 39.0 243.5 57.2 21.5 30.8 23.5 38.5 28.5 20.2 43.0 42.6 29.5 28.1 38.5 53.1 14.0 75.2 142.5 34.1 21.5 47.0 42.5 35.9 63.0 46.1 95.0 52.0 42.0 58.7 41.0 43.4 17.0 47.9 117.5 56.1 39.5 40.4 18.0 46.4 16.5 48.7 22.0 30.2 50.5 7.0 8.0 47.2 115.0 24.7 35.0 28.9 45.5 34.5 25.0
Besi (mg) 5.0 25.4 6.3 4.2 4.6 9.0 4.3 7.7 6.8 5.3 10.1 5.1 12.7 4.8 8.2 19.9 6.5 8.1 8.3 6.6 5.9 5.6 6.1 5.8 7.8 5.1 3.8 7.9 3.4 3.6 7.4
Energi (kkal) 1334.0 985.5 1822.0 831.0 1474.5 1235.0 801.5 724.5 831.0 1149.5 1114.0 863.0 1637.0 1433.0 975.0 1144.5 1435.5 1071.5 1074.5 1074.0 1274.0 1387.5 1148.5 770.0 1230.5 805.5 1053.0 918.5 1407.5 862.0 1178.0
Setelah Protein Vit. C (g) (mg) 45.2 40.0 33.4 111.5 59.9 34.5 23.5 21.5 43.0 11.0 47.2 13.5 30.3 30.5 25.2 3.5 26.8 21.5 38.1 42.5 47.0 6.5 20.9 13.0 59.1 7.5 49.1 43.5 47.7 0.0 39.5 27.5 41.4 10.0 38.4 30.5 39.0 18.0 40.9 15.5 38.9 3.0 44.3 23.5 38.0 4.5 23.0 29.5 36.7 13.5 28.6 32.5 46.9 10.0 36.2 221.0 50.4 10.5 27.8 5.0 36.9 192.5
Besi (mg) 7.3 4.2 9.3 4.1 7.1 10.1 4.2 4.1 3.4 4.8 5.5 2.5 14.7 8.2 3.8 6.6 6.0 4.6 5.4 5.5 3.7 6.7 3.2 6.7 4.5 5.2 7.2 6.2 5.8 2.3 8.6
103
c. Konsumsi zat gizi pada perlakuan multivitamin mineral Wanita pekerja 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Energi (kkal) 1008.5 1212.0 811.0 1162.5 1625.0 1225.0 554.0 1156.0 1401.0 981.0 1347.0 934.0 1115.5 1560.5 1464.5 1279.5 1266.0 631.0 1220.5 422.0 1036.5 958.0 571.0 623.5 962.0 1054.5 778.0 619.0 701.0 841.5 1062.5
Sebelum Protein Vit. C (g) (mg) 47.1 24.0 39.2 9.5 25.8 14.0 38.7 192.5 62.0 10.0 47.9 77.0 28.8 3.5 35.9 21.0 56.5 204.0 42.4 24.5 54.5 25.5 39.9 26.5 38.6 24.5 51.0 5.0 51.4 3.5 43.7 12.5 45.6 7.0 21.2 0.0 46.0 16.0 12.8 6.0 42.7 19.0 27.8 100.5 24.2 14.0 19.1 3.5 30.2 16.0 28.1 21.5 15.3 26.5 24.3 2.0 25.8 21.5 25.9 29.5 39.6 11.5
Besi (mg) 4.8 4.2 4.8 3.5 6.2 4.0 2.1 4.2 7.5 7.2 5.0 4.2 4.9 7.1 6.7 6.8 6.4 2.0 3.7 1.6 3.7 5.6 3.4 1.9 3.8 5.9 3.9 4.1 4.5 3.7 4.7
Energi (kkal) 1183.5 1072.0 1701.5 1149.5 1318.5 2088.0 1288.5 1023.0 802.0 1247.5 1198.5 1186.0 1075.5 1388.0 1186.0 1280.5 1608.5 1271.0 1135.0 2295.0 1168.5 1141.5 1432.5 1581.5 2499.0 958.0 1435.5 1416.0 1461.5 1531.0 1431.0
Setelah Protein Vit. C (g) (mg) 38.2 49.5 35.9 7.0 61.9 43.5 39.0 15.5 56.4 50.0 74.3 76.5 59.0 21.5 23.5 30.0 32.2 46.5 35.3 26.0 49.9 60.0 33.9 16.0 41.8 44.0 41.4 130.0 45.1 51.5 43.0 40.0 35.6 54.5 34.5 33.0 35.0 24.0 70.4 33.5 42.6 47.5 35.8 39.5 39.7 22.5 38.5 257.5 75.9 36.5 23.2 35.0 51.1 34.5 42.9 80.5 34.5 22.5 54.3 41.0 66.2 405.0
Besi (mg) 7.1 7.0 9.1 5.7 8.6 8.4 7.1 5.6 5.1 4.4 5.1 9.1 8.6 9.4 5.7 5.4 9.1 5.1 4.9 7.6 4.7 6.1 7.2 5.9 13.6 3.3 8.7 8.0 4.9 9.0 19.2
104
Lampiran 12
Tingkat konsumsi zat gizi wanita pekerja dari makanan sebelum dan setelah suplementasi
a. Tingkat konsumsi zat gizi pada perlakuan plasebo (%) Wanita pekerja 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Energi 115.4 46.6 40.7 54.0 59.2 72.7 62.6 60.4 94.4 119.0 75.5 35.2 165.6 97.3 72.4 96.2 27.9 50.5 81.4 67.5 55.7 77.0 74.6 45.1 77.2 40.7 56.9 55.4 66.2 50.4 63.9
Sebelum Protein Vit. C 136.6 28.7 66.4 56.7 65.2 50.7 62.3 56.0 69.2 16.0 92.9 16.0 95.9 26.7 100.9 13.3 67.1 21.3 99.4 36.0 133.3 2.7 58.9 12.0 192.3 86.7 114.5 26.7 86.0 48.0 117.0 166.0 38.2 12.0 61.6 15.3 139.7 40.7 67.4 26.0 80.6 60.7 83.2 34.7 108.6 15.3 54.1 31.3 117.9 44.0 54.7 18.7 99.9 264.0 61.4 149.3 77.6 162.0 49.4 280.0 63.4 30.7
Besi 45.4 22.4 28.5 11.7 39.4 24.1 20.1 12.5 15.1 51.4 22.7 20.4 38.4 18.9 24.6 21.5 11.9 12.0 29.4 14.6 23.9 20.5 15.6 19.9 29.3 29.5 20.3 32.0 16.2 25.3 13.2
Energi 86.7 62.4 47.6 78.5 42.1 54.0 44.1 66.1 72.7 28.9 61.3 50.7 69.8 73.4 86.9 113.3 86.4 64.7 76.1 69.0 71.1 99.5 132.5 58.1 45.6 70.1 47.8 61.2 69.2 57.0 89.8
Setelah Protein Vit. C 95.0 208.7 93.7 11.3 46.4 13.3 98.4 186.7 46.8 36.0 40.2 16.7 69.3 54.0 83.9 337.3 99.9 78.0 30.7 13.3 107.5 125.3 64.1 16.7 72.5 58.7 73.4 14.7 91.9 35.3 152.1 23.3 107.7 83.3 64.4 38.0 100.5 58.0 81.4 128.7 67.7 32.7 107.4 170.0 143.8 44.7 87.7 79.3 47.5 46.7 104.2 151.3 66.5 38.0 52.8 56.7 90.3 33.3 74.6 155.3 74.8 20.0
Besi 25.6 23.0 48.0 43.9 14.6 26.2 18.9 17.3 30.9 14.6 151.6 17.2 20.5 14.6 31.4 40.0 38.4 24.7 25.5 23.7 34.1 39.2 54.4 31.0 16.1 36.7 30.6 23.5 19.4 30.0 22.7
105
b. Tingkat konsumsi zat gizi pada perlakuan vitamin C (%) Wanita pekerja 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Energi 71.6 51.4 58.7 63.6 69.9 67.8 86.9 79.6 28.2 69.4 54.8 83.6 145.8 39.6 64.8 60.2 91.8 84.2 112.3 104.8 72.7 61.7 70.0 42.3 80.6 65.2 15.0 81.2 60.4 53.1 96.9
Sebelum Protein Vit. C 83.9 174.0 80.1 52.7 76.7 39.3 85.9 62.0 88.9 324.7 99.5 28.7 91.4 31.3 96.1 38.0 38.9 57.3 88.3 39.3 46.5 51.3 120.2 18.7 156.8 190.0 58.1 28.7 97.5 56.7 83.9 84.0 112.4 126.7 121.1 56.0 141.8 54.7 96.2 22.7 80.8 156.7 99.4 52.7 97.7 24.0 74.3 22.0 94.0 29.3 59.7 67.3 12.8 10.7 111.4 153.3 60.7 46.7 53.1 60.7 89.5 33.3
Besi 19.2 97.7 24.1 16.3 17.6 34.5 16.4 29.5 26.1 20.5 38.7 19.6 49.0 18.4 31.6 76.6 25.0 31.3 31.9 25.3 22.6 21.6 23.6 22.4 29.9 19.5 14.8 30.6 13.0 13.7 28.5
Energi 78.7 68.8 125.9 48.5 89.9 60.9 63.4 50.0 42.4 68.3 51.1 51.6 96.4 64.8 54.6 70.1 92.2 70.0 74.5 65.8 72.1 63.9 76.6 32.7 65.1 44.0 52.9 58.9 96.4 42.6 85.5
Setelah Protein Vit. C 96.0 53.3 88.7 148.7 157.4 46.0 49.4 28.7 94.3 14.7 83.8 18.0 91.1 40.7 62.5 4.7 51.8 28.7 81.6 56.7 77.6 8.7 47.5 17.3 125.3 10.0 84.4 58.0 101.3 0.0 92.0 36.7 95.8 13.3 90.3 40.7 97.4 24.0 90.2 20.7 79.3 4.0 77.6 31.3 91.4 6.0 37.1 39.3 69.9 18.0 56.3 43.3 84.8 13.3 88.1 294.7 124.2 14.0 52.2 6.7 96.5 256.7
Besi 28.1 16.3 35.8 15.6 27.3 38.9 16.2 15.6 13.2 18.5 21.3 9.8 56.5 31.5 14.6 25.2 23.1 17.8 20.7 21.2 14.0 25.7 12.2 25.6 17.1 19.9 27.6 24.0 22.3 8.9 33.1
106
c. Tingkat konsumsi zat gizi pada perlakuan multivitamin mineral (%) Wanita pekerja 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
Energi 50.5 72.9 50.2 84.6 103.4 77.1 28.9 76.4 81.1 50.9 62.2 59.5 55.7 86.1 82.3 66.6 81.1 42.0 68.4 22.1 57.4 71.1 32.7 27.2 52.2 62.3 45.3 33.9 39.0 40.4 50.9
Sebelum Protein Vit. C 89.5 32.0 84.9 12.7 60.7 18.7 101.4 256.7 142.0 13.3 114.5 102.7 54.1 4.7 90.2 28.0 117.7 272.0 79.2 32.7 90.6 34.0 91.5 35.3 73.3 32.7 101.2 6.7 109.8 4.7 81.8 16.7 105.2 9.3 50.9 0.0 92.9 21.3 24.1 8.0 85.1 25.3 78.2 134.0 52.6 18.7 31.8 4.7 59.0 21.3 59.8 28.7 32.0 35.3 50.5 2.7 51.8 28.7 47.3 39.3 68.2 15.3
Besi 18.5 16.2 18.4 13.4 23.7 15.5 8.1 16.3 28.9 27.7 19.2 16.3 18.9 27.3 25.8 26.2 24.5 7.8 14.2 6.3 14.1 21.5 13.1 7.2 14.5 22.6 15.0 15.9 17.3 14.4 18.3
Energi 60.0 67.5 103.7 83.2 83.4 132.6 66.8 66.0 46.2 64.6 57.0 74.9 54.1 76.3 65.3 67.9 106.2 86.5 65.8 117.1 66.2 84.4 83.2 69.1 134.9 55.6 84.2 79.6 83.5 74.2 69.6
Setelah Protein Vit. C 73.5 66.0 81.3 9.3 143.4 58.0 101.6 20.7 128.3 66.7 179.3 102.0 110.2 28.7 57.6 40.0 66.8 62.0 65.8 34.7 85.4 80.0 77.1 21.3 79.9 58.7 81.8 173.3 94.3 68.7 82.1 53.3 84.5 72.7 84.4 44.0 73.1 32.0 129.3 44.7 86.9 63.3 100.7 52.7 87.7 30.0 64.0 343.3 147.5 48.7 48.4 46.7 107.9 46.0 91.5 107.3 70.8 30.0 99.9 54.7 116.0 540.0
Besi 27.3 26.8 35.0 21.9 33.0 32.2 27.4 21.7 19.4 16.9 19.8 35.0 33.1 36.0 21.9 20.8 35.1 19.7 18.7 29.3 18.1 23.3 27.7 22.6 52.2 12.9 33.5 30.7 18.8 34.7 73.7
107
Lampiran 13
Uji Anova konsumsi wanita pekerja sebelum dan setelah suplementasi ANOVA
Variabel
Jumlah kuadrat
db
Kuadrat tengah
F
Sig.
933403.973
2
466701.987
3.424
0.037
Dalam perlakuan
12268841.710
90
136320.463
Total
13202245.683
92
618.743
2
309.371
1.873
0.160
Dalam perlakuan
14863.184
90
165.146
Total
15481.927
92
7434.473
2
3717.237
1.444
0.241
Dalam perlakuan
231710.355
90
2574.559
Total
239144.828
92
Antar perlakuan
128.200
2
64.100
6.367
0.003
Dalam perlakuan
906.106
90
10.068
1034.306
92
Antar perlakuan
909318.167
2
454659.083
4.611
0.012
Dalam perlakuan
8875111.065
90
98612.345
Total
9784429.231
92
602.524
2
301.262
2.032
0.137
Dalam perlakuan
13343.725
90
148.264
Total
13946.249
92
Antar perlakuan
13137.973
2
6568.987
1.669
0.194
Dalam perlakuan
354195.774
90
3935.509
Total
367333.747
92
94.043
2
47.021
2.519
0.086
1680.033
90
18.667
Total 1774.075 *Perbedaan rata-rata bermakna pada taraf 0,05
92
Sebelum Energi
Protein
Vitamin C
Besi
Antar perlakuan
Antar perlakuan
Antar perlakuan
Total Setelah Energi
Protein
Vitamin C
Besi
Antar perlakuan
Antar perlakuan Dalam perlakuan
108
Uji Post Hoc Perbandingan Ganda Bonferroni Variabel tergantung
Perlakuan (I)
Perlakuan (J)
Beda rata-rata
(I-J) Vit. C 54.145 MVM 234.355* Vit. C Plasebo -54.145 MVM 180.210 MVM Plasebo -234.355* Vit. C -180.210 Besi Plasebo Vit. C -1.333 (sebelum MVM 1.541 supl.) Vit. C Plasebo 1.333 MVM 2.873* MVM Plasebo -1.541 Vit. C -2.873* Energi Plasebo Vit. C 121.452 (setelah MVM -120.758 supl.) Vit. C Plasebo -121.452 MVM -242.210* MVM Plasebo 120.758 Vit. C 242.210* *Perbedaan rata-rata bermakna pada taraf 0,05 Energi (sebelum supl.)
Plasebo
Std. Error
Sig.
93.781 93.781 93.781 93.781 93.781 93.781 0.806 0.806 0.806 0.806 0.806 0.806 79.763 79.763 79.763 79.763 79.763 79.763
1.000 0.043 1.000 0.173 0.043 0.173 0.305 0.177 0.305 0.002 0.177 0.002 0.394 0.401 0.394 0.009 0.401 0.009
Selang kepercayaan 95% Batas Batas bawah atas -174.638 282.928 5.572 463.138 -282.928 174.638 -48.574 408.993 -463.138 -5.572 -408.993 48.574 -3.299 0.633 -0.425 3.507 -0.633 3.299 0.907 4.840 -3.507 0.425 -4.840 -0.907 -73.133 316.037 -315.343 73.827 -316.037 73.133 -436.795 -47.625 -73.827 315.343 47.625 436.795
109
Lampiran 14
Uji Anova tingkat konsumsi wanita pekerja sebelum dan setelah suplementasi ANOVA Jumlah kuadrat
Variabel Sebelum Tkt. kons. energi
Tkt. kons. protein
Kuadrat tengah
db
Antar perlakuan
2778.212
2
1389.106
Dalam perlakuan Total
54645.150 57423.362
90 92
607.168
F
Sig.
2.288
0.107
1.321
0.272
Antar perlakuan
2413.967
2
1206.984
Dalam perlakuan Total
82204.118 84618.085
90 92
913.379
Tkt. kons. vit. C
Antar perlakuan Dalam perlakuan Total
13216.841 411929.520 425146.361
2 90 92
6608.421 4576.995
1.444
0.241
Tkt. kons. besi
Antar perlakuan Dalam perlakuan Total
1896.451 13403.938 15300.388
2 90 92
948.225 148.933
6.367
0.003
Antar perlakuan Dalam perlakuan Total
2288.487 39061.942 41350.429
2 90 92
1144.244 434.022
2.636
0.077
Tkt. kons. protein
Antar perlakuan Dalam perlakuan Total
2368.936 65998.833 68367.768
2 90 92
1184.468 733.320
1.615
0.205
Tkt. kons. vit. C
Antar perlakuan
23356.397
2
11678.198
1.669
0.194
Dalam perlakuan Total
629681.376 653037.773
90 92
6996.460
Antar perlakuan 1391.161 Dalam perlakuan 24852.559 Total 26243.720 *Perbedaan rata-rata bermakna pada taraf 0,05
2 90 92
695.581 276.140
2.519
0.086
Setelah Tkt. kons. energi
Tkt. kons. besi
110
Uji Post Hoc Perbandingan Ganda Bonferroni Variabel tergantung
Perlakuan (I)
Perlakuan (J)
Beda rata-rata
Std. Error
Sig.
-5.126 5.926
3.100 3.100
0.305 0.177
-12.688 -1.636
2.436 13.488
Plasebo 5.126 MVM 11.052* MVM Plasebo -5.926 Vit. C -11.052* *Perbedaan rata-rata bermakna pada taraf 0,05
3.100 3.100 3.100 3.100
0.305 0.002 0.177 0.002
-2.436 3.490 -13.488 -18.614
12.688 18.614 1.636 -3.490
(I-J) Tkt. kons. besi (sebelum supl.)
Plasebo Vit. C
Vit. C MVM
Selang kepercayaan 95% Batas Batas bawah atas
111
Lampiran 15 Uji Anova antropometri, tekanan darah, urea, dan kreatinin wanita pekerja Variabel Berat badan sebelum Berat badan setelah IMT sebelum
Tek. darah sistolik sebelum Tek. darah diastolik sebelum Urea sebelum
Kreatinin sebelum
Antar perlakuan Dalam perlakuan Total Antar perlakuan Dalam perlakuan Total Antar perlakuan Dalam perlakuan Total Antar perlakuan Dalam perlakuan Total Antar perlakuan Dalam perlakuan Total Antar perlakuan Dalam perlakuan Total Antar perlakuan Dalam perlakuan Total
Jumlah kuadrat 186.971 6261.892 6448.863 245.107 5994.986 6240.093 21.988 907.128 929.116 36.022 13091.935 13127.957 8.602 4638.710 4647.312 159.758 2685.694 2845.452 0.006 1.184 1.190
db 2 90 92 2 90 92 2 90 92 2 90 92 2 90 92 2 90 92 2 90 92
Kuadrat tengah 93.485 69.577
F 1.344
Sig. 0.266
122.554 66.611
1.840
0.165
10.994 10.079
1.091
0.340
18.011 145.466
0.124
0.884
4.301 51.541
0.083
0.920
79.879 29.841
2.677
0.074
0.003 0.013
0.229
0.796
112
Lampiran 16 Uji Ancova IMT wanita pekerja setelah suplementasi Uji Efek Antar Subjek Variabel dependen: IMT Sumber Jumlah Kuadrat Tipe III Model terkoreksi 112.684 Intercept 380.975 Perlakuan 33.391 Usia 81.587 Konsumsi energi 1.935 Galat 835.182 Total 50642.920 Total terkoreksi 947.866 a R Squared = .119 (Adjusted R Squared = .079)
db 4 1 2 1 1 88 93 92
Kuadrat Tengah 28.171 380.975 16.695 81.587 1.935 9.491
F 2.968 40.142 1.759 8.597 0.204
Sig. 0.024 0.000 0.178 0.004 0.653
Estimasi Variabel dependen: IMT Perlakuan Plasebo Vit. C
Rata-rata
Std. Error
23.877a
0.555
22.775
24.981
a
0.568
21.262
23.519
22.390
a
Selang Kepercayaan 95% Batas bawah Batas atas
MVM 23.080 0.568 21.952 24.208 a Covariates appearing in the model are evaluated at the following values: Usia = 31.75, konsumsi energi = 1251.7204
113
Lampiran 17 Uji Ancova lama sakit wanita pekerja selama suplementasi Uji Efek Antar Subjek Variabel dependen: lama sakit Sumber Jumlah Kuadrat Tipe III Model terkoreksi 214.299 Intercept 0.865 Perlakuan 77.477 Usia 9.978 IMT 9.878 Tek. darah sistolik 4.356 Tek. darah diastolik 20.209 Konsumsi energi 1.474 Konsumsi protein 1.537 Konsumsi vit. C 22.273 Konsumsi besi 21.923 Galat 1213.314 Total 2229.000 Total terkoreksi 1427.613 a R Squared = .150 (Adjusted R Squared = .046)
db 10 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 82 93 92
Kuadrat Tengah 21.430 0.865 38.738 9.978 9.878 4.356 20.209 1.474 1.537 22.273 21.923 14.797
F 1.448 0.058 2.618 0.674 0.668 0.294 1.366 0.100 0.104 1.505 1.482
Sig. 0.174 0.810 0.079 0.414 0.416 0.589 0.246 0.753 0.748 0.223 0.227
Estimasi Variabel dependen: lama sakit Perlakuan
Rata-rata
Std. Error
Selang Kepercayaan 95% Batas bawah Batas atas Plasebo 4.329 0.732 2.873 5.785 Vit. C 2.008 0.744 0.527 3.488 MVM 2.470 0.714 1.049 3.890 a Covariates appearing in the model are evaluated at the following values: Usia = 31.75, IMT = 23.116, sistolik = 97.42, diastolik = 65.27, konsumsi energi = 1251.7204, konsumsi protein = 41.3968, konsumsi vit. C = 50.4946, konsumsi besi = 7.1695.
114
Lampiran 18
Uji Ancova tekanan darah sistolik wanita pekerja setelah suplementasi Uji Efek Antar Subjek
Variabel dependen: tekanan darah sistolik Sumber Jumlah Kuadrat Tipe III Model terkoreksi 1485.405a Intercept 11310.049 Perlakuan 515.542 Usia 1025.084 Berat badan 621.693 Konsumsi natrium 0.250 Galat 9295.240 Total 893400.000 Total terkoreksi 10780.645 a R Squared = .138 (Adjusted R Squared = .088)
db 5 1 2 1 1 1 87 93 92
Kuadrat Tengah 297.081 11310.049 257.771 1025.084 621.693 0.250 106.842
F 2.781 105.858 2.413 9.594 5.819 0.002
Sig. 0.022 0.000 0.096 0.003 0.018 0.962
Estimasi Variabel dependen: tekanan darah sistolik Perlakuan
Rata-rata
Std. Error
Selang Kepercayaan 95% Batas bawah Batas atas Plasebo 100.593a 1.897 96.822 104.364 Vit. C 94.653a 1.895 90.886 98.420 a MVM 97.012 1.876 93.283 100.741 a Covariates appearing in the model are evaluated at the following values: Usia = 31.75, berat badan = 52.375, konsumsi natrium = 283.8333.
115
Lampiran 19
Uji Ancova tekanan darah diastolik wanita pekerja setelah suplementasi Uji Efek Antar Subjek
Variabel dependen: tekanan darah diastolik Sumber Jumlah Kuadrat Tipe III Model terkoreksi 784.927a Intercept 4713.614 Perlakuan 144.866 Usia 627.332 Berat badan 325.277 Konsumsi natrium 15.634 Galat 3733.353 Total 400700.000 Total terkoreksi 4518.280 a R Squared = .174 (Adjusted R Squared = .126)
db 5 1 2 1 1 1 87 93 92
Kuadrat Tengah 156.985 4713.614 72.433 627.332 325.277 15.634 42.912
F 3.658 109.843 1.688 14.619 7.580 0.364
Sig. 0.005 0.000 0.191 0.000 0.007 0.548
Estimasi
Variabel dependen: tekanan darah diastolik Perlakuan
Rata-rata
Std. Error
Selang Kepercayaan 95% Batas bawah Batas atas Plasebo 67.043a 1.202 64.653 69.432 a Vit. C 63.996 1.201 61.609 66.384 MVM 64.768a 1.189 62.405 67.131 a Covariates appearing in the model are evaluated at the following values: Usia = 31.75, berat badan = 52.375, konsumsi natrium = 283.8333.
116
Lampiran 20 Uji Ancova urea wanita pekerja setelah suplementasi Uji Efek Antar Subjek Variabel dependen: urea Sumber Jumlah Kuadrat Tipe III Model terkoreksi 7.697a Intercept 656.483 Perlakuan 4.119 Usia 0.744 Konsumsi protein 1.462 Galat 1917.351 Total 43498.550 Total terkoreksi 1925.048 a R Squared = .004 (Adjusted R Squared = -.041)
db 4 1 2 1 1 88 93 92
Kuadrat Tengah 1.924 656.483 2.059 0.744 1.462 21.788
F 0.088 30.130 0.095 0.034 0.067
Sig. 0.986 0.000 0.910 0.854 0.796
Estimasi Variabel dependen: urea Perlakuan
Rata-rata
Std. Error
Selang Kepercayaan 95% Batas bawah Batas atas a Plasebo 21.174 0.842 19.501 22.846 Vit. C 20.866a 0.846 19.185 22.547 MVM 21.389a 0.850 19.699 23.079 a Covariates appearing in the model are evaluated at the following values: Usia = 31.75, konsumsi protein_2 = 41.3968.
117
Lampiran 21 Uji Ancova kreatinin wanita pekerja setelah suplementasi Uji Efek Antar Subjek Variabel dependen: kreatinin Sumber Jumlah Kuadrat Tipe III Model terkoreksi 0.189a Intercept 1.908 Perlakuan 0.135 Usia 0.060 Galat 1.496 Total 64.120 Total terkoreksi 1.685 a R Squared = .112 (Adjusted R Squared = .082)
db 3 1 2 1 89 93 92
Kuadrat Tengah 0.063 1.908 0.068 0.060 0.017
F 3.756 113.515 4.017 3.552
Sig. 0.014 0.000 0.021 0.063
Estimasi Variabel dependen: kreatinin Perlakuan
Rata-rata
Std. Error
Selang Kepercayaan 95% Batas bawah Batas atas Plasebo 0.800a 0.023 0.753 0.846 Vit. C 0.873a 0.023 0.826 0.919 MVM 0.786a 0.023 0.739 0.832 a Covariates appearing in the model are evaluated at the following values: Usia = 31.75.
Uji Post Hoc Variabel dependen: kreatinin Bonferroni Perlakuan (I) Plasebo
Perlakuan Beda rata-rata Std. Error (J) (I-J) Vit. C -0.073 0.033 MVM 0.014 0.033 Vit. C Plasebo 0.073 0.033 MVM 0.087* 0.033 MVM Plasebo -0.014 0.033 Vit. C -0.087* 0.033 *Perbedaan rata-rata bermakna pada taraf 0,05
Sig. 0.089 1.000 0.089 0.029 1.000 0.029
95% Confidence Interval Batas bawah Batas atas -0.154 0.008 -0.067 0.095 -0.008 0.154 0.007 0.167 -0.095 0.067 -0.167 -0.007
118
Lampiran 22 Dokumentasi penelitian
Lokasi penelitian
Karyawati pabrik yang menjadi unit percobaan dalam penelitian
119
Pengukuran antropometri
Pengukuran tekanan darah
120
Pengambilan darah
Wawancara data frekuensi dan konsumsi pangan
