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November
11;
cited
2012
Oktober
2];
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from:
http://sp2010.bps.go.id/index.php/site/tabel?tid=336&wid=0. . 5. KP3A. Penduduk Lanjut Usia. 2009 [cited 2012 Desember 02]; Available from: http://www.menegpp.go.id/aplikasidata/index.php?option=com_docman& Itemid=114. 6. Dewi IK. Musik tradisional Bali dan musik klasik barat meningkatkan sekresi saliva penderita xerostomia: Universitas Udayana; 2011. 7. Hasibuan S. Keluhan Mulut Kering Ditinjau dari Faktor Penyebab, Manifestasi dan Penanggulangannya. 2002 [cited 2012 September 19]; Available from: http://library.usu.ac.id/. 8. Turner MD, Ship JA. Dry Mouth and Its Effects on the Oral Health of Elderly People. The Journal of The American Dental Association. 2007;138:15s-6s. 9. Anggarini VR. Hubungan Penggunaan Obat Antidepresan Terhadap Terjadinya Xerostomia pada Pasien Poli Psikiatri RSUD Dr. Ahmad Mochtar Bukittinggi. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara; 2010. 40
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10. Lukisari C, Kusharjanti. Xerostomia salah satu manifestasi oral diabetik. 2011 [cited 2012 September 17]; Available from: www.scribd.com. 11. Humprey SP, Williamson RT. A Review of Saliva Normal Composition, Flow and Function. J Prosthet Dent. 2001;85(2):162-9. 12. Eugene NM, Robert LF. Salivary gland disorders. New York: Springer Berlin Heidenberg; 2007. 13. Makkinen KK. History safety and dental properties of xylitol. 2010 [cited 2013 Januari 2013]; Available from: http://www.xylitolorg.com. 14. Yuliarsi Y, Lestari S. Efek Permen Karet yang Mengandung Xylitol dan Sorbitol Terhadap Plak Gigi dan Ginggivitis: JITEKGI FKGUPDM 2003. 15. Martín-Piedra M, Aguilar-Salvatierra A, Herrera D, Gómez-Moreno G. Effectiveness of a recent topical sialogogue in the management of druginduced xerostomia. J Clin Exp Dent. 2011;3(4):e268-73. 16. Farsi NM. Signs of oral dryness in relation to salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity and dry mouth complaints. BMC oral health. 2007;7:15. 17. Walsh LJ. Lifestyle Impacts on Oral Health. Queensland (Australia): Knowledge Books and Software; 2005. 18. Pratama S. Pengaruh Pemberian Permen Karet yang Mengandung Xylitol terhadap Laju Aliran Saliva pada Anak Usia 10-12 Tahun di Pesantren AlHamidiyah Depok Tahun 2008. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia; 2008. 19. Despopoulos A, Sibernagl S. Atlas Berwarna dan Teks Fisiologi. Jakarta: Hipokrates; 2000. 20. Sherwood L. Fisiologi Manusia dari Sel ke Sistem. 2 ed. Jakarta: EGC; 2001.
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21. McIntyre JM. Dental Caries-The Major Cause of Tooth Damage. 2 ed. Queensland (Australia): Knowledge Books and Software; 2005. 22. Alam MB, Hossain MS, Chodhury NS, Mazumder MEH, Haque ME, Islam A. In vitro and in vivo Antioxidant and Toxicity Evaluation of Different Fractions of Oxalis corniculata Linn. Journal of Pharmacology and Toxicology 6. 2011:337-48. 23. Gupta A, J.B E, H S. Hyposalivation in Elderly Patients. Journal of The Canadian Dental Association. 2006;72(9):841-6. 24. Sultana N, Sham ME. Xerostomia: An overview. International Journal of Dental Clinics. 2011;3(2):58-61. 25. Wrigley. Diagnosis of Dry Mouth: Symptoms, Signs, Causes. 2012 [cited 2013
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http://www.drymouth.info/practitioner/about.asp. 26. Navazesh M, Kumar SK. Xerostomia: prevalence, diagnosis, and management. Compend Contin Educ Dent. [Review]. 2009 JulAug;30(6):326-8, 31-2; quiz 33-4. 27. Rad M, Kakoie S, Brojeni FN, Pourdamghan N. Effect of Long-term Smoking on Whole-mouth Salivary Flow Rate and Oral Health. Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects. 2010;4(4):110-4. 28. Navazesh M, Kumar SKS. Measuring salivary flow : Challenges and opportunities. The Journal of The American Dental Association. 2008;139:35S-40S. 29. Susan Z. Determining and Managing Salivary Gland Function in Cancer Patients: A Fact Sheet for Dental Professionals. Oral Health Care for Cancer Patients [serial on the Internet]. 2010.
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LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Ethical Clearence
Lampiran 2. Ijin penelitian
Lampiran 3. Informed consent
Lampiran 4. Hasil analisis 1.
Karakteristik subjek penelitian berdasarkan jenis kelamin dan usia jenis kelamin
Frequency Valid
Laki-laki
Percent 3
perempuan
14
Total
17
Cumulative Percent
Valid Percent
17,6
17,6
17,6
82,4
82,4
100,0
100,0
100,0
usia
Frequency Valid
2.
Percent
Cumulative Percent
Valid Percent
60-74
10
29,4
29,4
75-90
29,4
22
64,7
64,7
94,1
>90
2
5,9
5,9
100,0
Total
34
100,0
100,0
Karakteristik subjek penelitian pada kelompok kontrol
Descriptive Statistics
17 17
Minimum 24 22
Maximum 35 34
Mean 28,41 27,24
Std. Deviation 3,641 3,580
17 17
,10 ,10
,60 ,55
,3176 ,3412
,16099 ,12404
17 17
0 0
0 0
,00 ,00
,000 ,000
17 17
-5 0
4 0
-1,18 ,00
2,531 ,000
17
-,30
,30
,0235
,19615
N Pre skor XI Post skor XI Pre laju aliran saliva Post laju aliran saliva Pre skor VAS Post skor VAS Selisih skor XI Selisih skor VAS Selisih laju aliran saliva Valid N (listwise)
17
3.
Karakteristik subjek penelitian pada kelompok perlakuan Descriptive Statistics N
Maximum 43
Mean 32,59
Std. Deviation 3,392
Pre skor XI
17
Post skor XI
17
23
39
26,88
3,806
Pre laju aliran saliva
17 17 17
,10 ,15 0
,30 ,50 80
,1706 ,3088 8,24
,06628 ,10787 23,515
17 17 17
0 -8 -80
50 -4 0
2,94 -5,71 -5,29
12,127 1,160 19,403
17
,05
,25
,1382
,06502
Post laju aliran saliva Pre skor VAS Post skor VAS Selisih skor XI Selisih skor VAS Selisih laju aliran saliva Valid N (listwise)
4.
Minimum 28
17
Uji normalitas data kelompok kontrol Tests of Normalityb,c,d Kolmogorov-Smirnova Pre XI Post XI
Statistic ,142 ,121
Df 17 17
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig. ,200* ,200*
Statistic ,913 ,957
,101
Pre laju aliran ,191 17 saliva Post laju aliran ,212 17 saliva Selisih skor XI ,117 17 Selisih laju alian ,181 17 saliva *. This is lower bound of the true significance.
17 17
Sig. ,112 ,573
,931
17
,230
,041
,939
17
,304
,200*
,961
17
,647
,141
,917
17
,130
a. Liliefors Significance Correction b. pre skor VAS is constant. It has been omitted. c. pre skor VAS is constant. It has been omitted. d. selisih skor VAS is constant. It has been omitted.
Df
5.
Uji normalitas data kelompok perlakuan Tests of Normality a
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Statistic ,216 ,311
Pre XI
Df
Post XI Pre laju aliran ,210 saliva Post laju aliran ,238 saliva Pre skor VAS ,519 Post skor VAS ,537 Selisih skor XI ,188 Selisih skor VAS ,490 Selisih laju alian ,192 saliva a. Liliefors Significance Correction
6.
Shapiro-Wilk
17 17
Sig. ,033 ,000
Statistic ,814 ,739
17
,044
17
Df 17 17
Sig. ,003 ,000
,869
17
,021
,011
,909
17
,095
17 17
,000 ,000
,399 ,262
17 17
,000 ,000
17 17
,111 ,000
,925 ,307
17 17
,183 ,000
17
,095
,917
17
,129
Uji beda antara kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan a. Independent t-test Independent Samples Test Levene’s Test for Equality of Variances
Selisih skor XI
Selisih laju aliran saliva
Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed Equal variances assumed Equal variances not assumed
t-test for Equality of Means
Sig. (2tailed)
Mean Difference
Lower
Upper
F
Sig.
t
9,632
,004
6,708
32
,000
4,529
,675
3,154
5,905
6,708
22,439
,000
4,529
,675
3,131
5,928
-2,289
32
,029
-,11471
,05012
-,21679
-,01262
-2,289
19,475
,033
-,11471
,05012
-,21943
-,00998
18,093
,000
Df
95% Confidence Interval of The Difference
Std. Error Differen ce
b. Uji Mann Whitney Test Statistics
b
Selisih skor VAS Mann-Whitney U
127,500
Wilcoxon W
280,500
Z
-1,435
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)
,151 Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed ,563a Sig.)] a. Not corrected for ties b. Grouping Variable: kelompok
7.
Uji normalitas data skor XI, skor VAS, dan laju aliran saliva kelompok kontrol dan perlakuan Tests of Normality
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Statistic ,191
34
Sig. ,003
Statistic ,930
34
,000
,517 34 Lilliefors Significance Correction
,000
Selisih skor XI Selisih laju alian saliva Selisih skor VAS a.
8.
Df
Shapiro-Wilk
,225
Df 34
Sig. ,032
,871
34
,001
,195
34
,000
Hubungan penurunan keluhan xerostomia dan laju aliran saliva Uji korelasi Spearman Correlations selisih laju aliran saliva
Spearman’s rho
Selisih laju aliran saliva
Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) N
Selisih skor XI
Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) N
*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed)
selisih skor XI
1,000
-,349*
.
,043
34
34
-,349*
1,000
,043
.
34
34
Correlations selisih laju aliran saliva Spearman’s rho
Selisih laju aliran saliva
Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) N
Selisih skor VAS
Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) N
selisih skor VAS
1,000
-,043
.
,811
34
34
-,043
1,000
,811
.
34
34
Lampiran 5. Kuesioner XI dan VAS
Lampiran 6. Formulir data sampel
Lampiran 7. Dokumentasi penelitian
Lampiran 8. Biodata mahasiswa Identitas Nama
: Annisa Rizqi
NIM
: G2A009172
Tempat/tanggal lahir
: Pati, 9 Mei 1991
Jenis kelamin
: Perempuan
Alamat
: Jl. Gergaji IV No.1114A Semarang
Nomor Telepon
:-
Nomor HP
: 085727787729
e-mail
:
[email protected]
Riwayat Pendidikan Formal 1. SD
: SD Pati Kidul 01
Lulus tahun: 2000
2. SMP
: SMP N 3 Pati
Lulus tahun: 2006
3. SMA
: SMA N 1 Pati
Lulus tahun: 2009
4. FK UNDIP : Masuk tahun : 2009 Keanggotaan Organisasi 1. Asisten Farmakologi FK Undip
Tahun 2012 s/d 2013
2. Sie logistik Scientific Fair FK Undip
Tahun 2011
Pengalaman mengikuti lomba karya ilmiah 1. Anis Rahmawati, Annisa Rizqi, Atika Nurmalitasari, Bagus Indra Cahya: Pengaruh Pemberian Permen Karet yang Mengandung Xylitol terhadap Penurunan Keluhan Mulut Kering (Xerostomia) pada Pasien Paskaterapi Radiasi Kepala Leher dan Usia Tua. (didanai Dikti)
