DAFTAR ISI Percobaan 1 Karakteristik Aliran di Atas Ambang Tajam Berbentuk Segi Empat ...................................... 1 1.1. Tujuan ................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Alat yang Dipergunakan .................................................................................................................... 1 1.3. Dasar Teori......................................................................................................................................... 2 1.4. Prosedur Percobaan ............................................................................................................................ 3 1.5. Prosedur Perhitungan ......................................................................................................................... 4 1.6. Data dan Hasil Percobaan .................................................................................................................. 5 1.7. Analisa ............................................................................................................................................... 5 1.7.1. Perhitungan Debit Aliran dan Tingkat Ketelitian ....................................................................... 5 1.7.2. Koefisien Debit Ambang Segiempat ........................................................................................... 6 1.7.3. Perhitungan Persamaan Regresi Cd dengan H............................................................................. 6 1.7.4. Perhitungan Persamaan Regresi Cd dengan H/B ......................................................................... 7 1.7.5. Perhitungan Persamaan Regresi Q dan H3/2 ................................................................................ 8 1.7.6. Perhitungan Persamaan Regresi Q2/3 dan H ................................................................................ 9 1.7.7. Rating Curve ............................................................................................................................. 10 1.7.8. Hubungan Empiris Q dan H ...................................................................................................... 11 1.8. Simpulan .......................................................................................................................................... 13 Percobaan 2 Karakteristik Aliran di Atas Ambang Tajam Berbentuk Segi Tiga........................................ 14 2.1. Tujuan .............................................................................................................................................. 14 2.2. Alat yang Dipergunakan .................................................................................................................. 14 2.3. Dasar Teori....................................................................................................................................... 15 2.4. Prosedur Percobaan .......................................................................................................................... 16 2.5. Prosedur Perhitungan ....................................................................................................................... 17 2.6. Data dan Hasil Percobaan ................................................................................................................ 18 2.7. Analisa ............................................................................................................................................. 18 2.7.1. Perhitungan Debit Aliran dan Tingkat Ketelitian ..................................................................... 18 2.7.2. Koefisien Debit Ambang Segitiga ............................................................................................ 19
2.7.3. Perhitungan Persamaan Regresi Cd dengan H........................................................................... 19 2.7.4. Perhitungan Persamaan Regresi Q dan H5/2 .............................................................................. 20 2.7.5. Perhitungan Persamaan Regresi Q2/5 dan H .............................................................................. 21 2.7.6. Rating Curve ............................................................................................................................. 22 2.7.7. Hubungan Empiris Q dan H ...................................................................................................... 23 2.8. Simpulan .......................................................................................................................................... 24 Percobaan 3 Hukum Bernoulli .................................................................................................................... 25 3.1. Tujuan .............................................................................................................................................. 25 3.2. Alat yang Dipergunakan .................................................................................................................. 25 3.3. Dasar Teori....................................................................................................................................... 25 3.4. Prosedur Percobaan .......................................................................................................................... 26 3.5. Prosedur Perhitungan ....................................................................................................................... 27 3.6. Data dan Hasil Percobaan ................................................................................................................ 28 3.7. Analisa ............................................................................................................................................. 29 3.7.1. Debit Aliran .............................................................................................................................. 29 3.7.2. Tinggi Energi Teoritis ............................................................................................................... 29 3.7.3. Perbedaan Tinggi Energi Praktis dan Teoritis .......................................................................... 30 3.8. Grafik Tinggi Tekan dan Tinggi Energi .......................................................................................... 31 3.9. Simpulan .......................................................................................................................................... 32 Percobaan 4 Aliran Air Dalam Pipa Seri .................................................................................................... 33 4.1. Tujuan .............................................................................................................................................. 33 4.2. Alat yang Dipergunakan .................................................................................................................. 33 4.3. Dasar Teori....................................................................................................................................... 34 4.3.1. Kehilangan Energi..................................................................................................................... 34 4.3.2. Hukum Bernoulli....................................................................................................................... 36 4.3.3. Hukum Kontinuitas ................................................................................................................... 37 4.3.4. Bilangan Reynolds .................................................................................................................... 37 4.3.5. Jenis Aliran Dalam Pipa ............................................................................................................ 37 4.3.6. Jenis Kekasaran Pipa................................................................................................................. 37
4.4. Prosedur Percobaan .......................................................................................................................... 38 4.5. Prosedur Perhitungan ....................................................................................................................... 39 4.6. Data dan Hasil Percobaan ................................................................................................................ 40 4.7. Analisa ............................................................................................................................................. 40 4.7.1. Debit Aliran .............................................................................................................................. 40 4.7.2. Pengkoreksian Pembacaan Tinggi Air di Manometer............................................................... 41 4.7.3. Tinggi Kecepatan ...................................................................................................................... 42 4.7.4. Tinggi Energi Praktis dan Kehilangan Energi Praktis .............................................................. 42 4.7.5. Jenis Kekasaran Pipa................................................................................................................. 43 4.7.6. Jenis Aliran Dalam Pipa ............................................................................................................ 44 4.7.7. Kehilangan Energi Teoritis Primer ........................................................................................... 45 4.7.8. Kehilangan Energi Teoritis Sekunder ....................................................................................... 46 4.7.9. Perbedaan Kehilangan Energi Teoritis dan Praktis ................................................................... 47 4.8. Grafik Tinggi Tekan dan Tinggi Energi .......................................................................................... 47 4.9. Simpulan .......................................................................................................................................... 48 Percobaan 5 Aliran Air Dalam Pipa Pararel ............................................................................................... 49 5.1. Tujuan .............................................................................................................................................. 49 5.2. Alat yang Dipergunakan .................................................................................................................. 49 5.3. Dasar Teori....................................................................................................................................... 50 5.3.1. Kehilangan Energi..................................................................................................................... 50 5.3.2. Hukum Bernoulli....................................................................................................................... 52 5.3.3. Hukum Kontinuitas ................................................................................................................... 53 5.3.4. Bilangan Reynolds .................................................................................................................... 53 5.3.5. Jenis Aliran Dalam Pipa ............................................................................................................ 53 5.3.6. Jenis Kekasaran Pipa................................................................................................................. 53 5.4. Prosedur Percobaan .......................................................................................................................... 54 5.5. Prosedur Perhitungan ....................................................................................................................... 55 5.6. Data dan Hasil Percobaan ................................................................................................................ 56 5.7. Analisa ............................................................................................................................................. 57
5.7.1. Debit Aliran .............................................................................................................................. 57 5.7.2. Pengkoreksian Pembacaan Tinggi Air di Manometer............................................................... 57 5.7.3. Tinggi Kecepatan ...................................................................................................................... 59 5.7.4. Tinggi Energi Praktis dan Kehilangan Energi Praktis .............................................................. 59 5.7.5. Jenis Aliran Dalam Pipa ............................................................................................................ 60 5.7.6. Jenis Kekasaran Pipa................................................................................................................. 61 5.7.7. Kehilangan Energi Teoritis Primer ........................................................................................... 63 5.7.8. Kehilangan Energi Teoritis Sekunder ....................................................................................... 65 5.7.9. Perbandingan Kehilangan Energi Teoritis dan Praktis ............................................................. 65 5.8. Simpulan .......................................................................................................................................... 67 Percobaan 6 Aliran Air Pada Saluran Terbuka ........................................................................................... 68 6.1. Tujuan .............................................................................................................................................. 68 6.2. Alat yang Dipergunakan .................................................................................................................. 68 6.3. Dasar Teori....................................................................................................................................... 69 6.3.1. Hukum Kontinuitas ................................................................................................................... 69 6.3.2. Aliran Seragam ......................................................................................................................... 69 6.3.3. Kedalaman Kritis ...................................................................................................................... 69 6.3.4. Kekasaran Komposit ................................................................................................................. 69 6.3.5. Bilangan Froude (Froude Number)........................................................................................... 70 6.3.6. Jenis Aliran ............................................................................................................................... 70 6.3.7. Kemiringan Dasar Saluran ........................................................................................................ 70 6.3.8. Loncatan Air ............................................................................................................................. 70 6.3.9. Rumus Garis Peninggi Metoda Tahapan Langsung (Direct Step Method) ............................... 71 6.3.10. Profil Muka Air ....................................................................................................................... 71 6.4. Prosedur Percobaan .......................................................................................................................... 73 6.5. Prosedur Perhitungan ....................................................................................................................... 74 6.6. Data dan Hasil Percobaan ................................................................................................................ 75 6.7. Analisa ............................................................................................................................................. 75 6.7.1. Debit Aliran .............................................................................................................................. 75
6.7.2. Koefisien Kekasaran Komposit Saluran ................................................................................... 76 6.7.3. Kemiringan Dasar Saluran ........................................................................................................ 76 6.7.4. Kedalaman Normal ................................................................................................................... 77 6.7.5. Kedalaman Kritis ...................................................................................................................... 77 6.7.6. Jenis Kemiringan Dasar Saluran ............................................................................................... 78 6.7.7. Jenis Aliran ............................................................................................................................... 78 6.7.8. Perhitungan Parameter Loncat Air ............................................................................................ 79 6.7.9. Profil Muka Air Berdasarkan Metode Tahapan Langsung ....................................................... 79 6.7.10. Jarak Antar Segmen ................................................................................................................ 81 6.8. Profil Muka Air ................................................................................................................................ 81 6.9. Simpulan .......................................................................................................................................... 82 Percobaan 7 Tekanan Hidrostatis................................................................................................................ 83 7.1. Tujuan .............................................................................................................................................. 83 7.2. Alat yang Dipergunakan .................................................................................................................. 83 7.3. Dasar Teori....................................................................................................................................... 83 7.3.1. Bidang Vertikal Tenggelam Sebagian ...................................................................................... 84 7.3.2. Bidang Vertikal Tenggelam Seluruhnya ................................................................................... 85 7.4. Prosedur Percobaan .......................................................................................................................... 87 7.5. Prosedur Perhitungan ....................................................................................................................... 88 7.6. Data dan Hasil Percobaan ................................................................................................................ 89 7.7. Analisa ............................................................................................................................................. 89 7.7.1. Bidang Tenggelam Sebagian .................................................................................................... 89 7.7.2. Bidang Tenggelam Seluruh ....................................................................................................... 90 7.8. Simpulan .......................................................................................................................................... 93 Percobaan 8 Lubang dan Pancaran Air ....................................................................................................... 94 8.1. Tujuan .............................................................................................................................................. 94 8.2. Alat yang Dipergunakan .................................................................................................................. 94 8.3. Dasar Teori....................................................................................................................................... 95 8.3.1. Penentuan koefisien kecepacatan Cv dari lintasan pancaran air ................................................ 95
8.3.2. Penentuan koefisien debit Cd dari debit aliran pada tinggi air tetap ......................................... 96 8.3.3. Penentuan koefisien debit Cd dari debit aliran pada tinggi air berubah .................................... 96 8.4. Prosedur Percobaan .......................................................................................................................... 96 8.4.1. Prosedur Percobaan Menentukan Cv ......................................................................................... 96 8.4.2. Prosedur Percobaan Menentukan Cd Pada Tinggi Air Tetap .................................................... 97 8.4.3. Prosedur Percobaan Menentukan Cd Pada Debit dengan Tinggi Air Berubah ......................... 97 8.5. Prosedur Perhitungan ....................................................................................................................... 98 8.5.1. Prosedur Perhitungan Menentukan Cv ...................................................................................... 98 8.5.2. Prosedur Perhitungan Menentukan Cd Pada Tinggi Air Tetap ................................................. 99 8.5.3. Prosedur Perhitungan Menentukan Cd Pada Debit dengan Tinggi Air Berubah ....................... 99 8.6. Data dan Hasil Percobaan .............................................................................................................. 100 8.7. Analisa ........................................................................................................................................... 102 8.7.1. Koefisien Kecepatan (Cv) ........................................................................................................ 102 8.7.2. Koefisien Debit (Cd) Pada Tinggi Air Tetap ........................................................................... 104 8.7.3. Koefisien Debit (Cd) Pada Tinggi Air Berubah ...................................................................... 105 8.8. Simpulan ........................................................................................................................................ 107
