COMPENSATION STRATEGY OF IDIOM TRANSLATION IN NOVEL “THE RUNAWAY JURY (JURI PILIHAN)” BY JOHN GRISHAM
A Thesis Submitted to Faculty of Adab and Humanities in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Strata One (S1) Degree
Dicky Hapita Putra 1111026000029
ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY OF SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2016
ABSTRACT
Dicky Hapita Putra, Compensation Strategy of Idiom Translation in Novel “The Runaway Jury (JuriPilihan)” by John Grisham. A Thesis: Adab and Humanities Faculty, State Islamic University (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, September 2016. The aims of the thesis are to find compensation strategy in the novel The Runaway Jury (JuriPilihan), then to classify them into four types based on the theory of Sandor Harvey and Ian Higgins, such as, compensation in kind, compensation in place, compensation in splitting and compensation in merging. The methodology in this research, the writer uses qualitative descriptive method with reading the novel, the original novel and the translation novel. Next, the writer notes the idiom in the novel using of compensation strategy and analysis alteration occurring in translation using compensation strategy then the writer classifying the data. The last,the writer explains application compensation strategy of idiom translation in the novel. The writer finds three of four types of compensation strategy in the novel: compensation in kind, compensation in splitting and compensation in merging. The differences of each type: the idioms using compensation in kind to translate relatively is not long in the explanation, but enough to understand the meaning of the idiom. Next, the idioms using compensation in splitting become longer and extended than SL and the idioms using compensation in merging become shorter and simple, but the reader can catch the point of the idiom. Keywords: novel, compensation strategy, compensation in kind, compensation in splitting, compensation in merging
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the most beneficent, the most merciful. All praises belong to Allah who has blessed the writer in completing this thesis. Peace and salutation be upon the most honorable Prophet Muhammad SAW (peace be upon to him), his families, his companies, and his followers. The writer would like to express her sincere thanks to: 1.
His beloved parents mama and papa, for their love, support, patience, and fully finance during his study and the process of this thesis, his brother mas Dhany who supports him in finance too and all his families who always support and pray for his success.
2.
His advisor M. Agus Suriadi, M. Hum, for his continuing guidance, patience, and support during the writer conducts this thesis until finish.
3.
The Dean of the Faculty of Adab and Humanities, Prof. Dr. Sukron Kamil, M.A., who gave him permission to conduct this study.
4.
The Head of English Letters Department, Drs. A. Saefuddin, M.Pd., who gave permission to conduct this thesis and for his advice in completing this study.
5.
The Secretary of English Letters Department, Elve Oktafiyani, M. Hum, who gave much information about departmental policies.
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All lecturers at English Letters Department, who have taught and educated him during the study.
7.
All English Letters Student Class of 2011 who have been mutually telling and each other to finish the thesis.
8.
His close friends of “Boim Wong”, Bangga, Zulmi, Reza, Fathan, Septian, Engkus, Ichwan, Wahid, Fariz, Irvan, and Rohim who support each other to finish the thesis
9.
His friend from childhood Beny Setiadi who supports, helps and accompany him to finish his thesis.
10. His Senior High School friends, Oriza, Ade, Ikhsan, Ian, Yudha and Zarkasih who support and remind him to complete the thesis. The writer realizes that there are many lacks and mistakes in this thesis. Hopefully, this thesis can give many advantages for students or people who read it.
Jakarta, December 2016
The Writer
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................
i
APPROVEMENT .............................................................................................
ii
LEGALIZATION ............................................................................................ iii DECLARATION ............................................................................................... iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................
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TABLE OF CONTENTS .................................................................................. vii CHAPTER I.
CHAPTER II.
INTRODUCTION .........................................................
1
A. Background of The Research ......................................
1
B. Focus of The Research ................................................
3
C. Question of The Research ...........................................
3
D. Significance of The Research .....................................
3
E. Research of Methodology ...........................................
4
THEORITICAL DESCRIPTION.. ..............................
6
A. Previous Researches....................................................
6
B. Conceptual Description ...............................................
8
1. Definition of Translation.................................... .
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2. Translation Strategies.........................................10 3. Compensation Strategy Deeper............................. 11 4. Idiom……………………………………………. 14 . CHAPTERIII.
THE ANALYSIS.............................................................. 17 A. Data Description ......................................................... 17 B. Data Analysis .............................................................. 17
CHAPTER IV.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ......................... 29 A. Conclusion .................................................................. 29 B. Suggestion ................................................................... 30
BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 31 APPENDIX ........................................................................................................ 33
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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Research In globalization era, many languages in the world that can be learned, such as, English, Japanese, Arabic, etc. English that has become international language and has used in any fields, for people is something important for them to learn it as a capital to understand any development of the world. One of the aspects that need to be learned in English is idiom. Idiom is a group of words which has a different meaning from the meaning of its written context.1 In other words, idiom cannot be translated literally. For the translator, he should have knowledge about idiom because it is a challenge translating text or book using many idioms. Good translation can only be done by a translator who has good qualification because the process of translating involves two languages, they are source language and target language. The process of translating also involves differences of culture to reveal ideas and meanings from source language to target language. Hence, translating envelops the whole finding meaning process of culture and convey a message to people in another culture.2As the writer said above, English has been used in any fields, including
1
Monika Gaule, Dr. Gurpreet Singh Josan, Machine Translation of Idioms from English to Hindi, Vol. 2, No.6, p. 50, (International Journal of Computational Engineering Research, October 2012) 2 Frans Sayogie, Teori dan Praktik Penerjemahan (Tangerang Selatan: Transpustaka, 2014), pp. 3-4
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literary works. Literary works such as, poem, prose or novel had started to revolve and have enjoyed by readers in Indonesia. As it has been explained before that the culture of a country can be seen in literary works, thus the process of translating literary works need an accuracy and comprehension of another culture by a translator to obtain the result of translation text accordance with the original text and the reader can understand about plot in the literary works. Poetry, prose or novel are the result of author‟s expression what he feels or from any occurrences around him and translates in form of literary works enjoyed by readers and let them to imagine anything about occurrences in the literary works. Associating with this research, novel become the objects of research in this thesis. A novel is a long narrative, normally in prose, which describes fictional characters and events, usually in the form of a sequential story.3Novel is a literary work which has many readers, both from kids to adults. Novel also has two versions, novel accordance to true story (non-fiction), and novel from imagination of writer (fiction). But, sometimes the author develops of story in non-fiction novel for give a drama effect, so we can say non-fiction novel become fiction novel because of it. As it is said above, translating a text especially novel, a translator must have knowledge about anything in the novel, both from culture, word choices whether this novel uses old English or there are new words and a translator has to catch the plot of that novel.
3
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novel, accessed 23rd January 2017, 08.00 pm
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The strategy that will be analyzed is compensation strategy. Compensation is strategy to change words when it cannot be found the equivalent of words from source language to target language accepted by people. In this research, the writer tries to find the words in source language can match with the words in target language and another reason is compensation rarely appointed to become a research topic. Hence, the title of this research is Compensation Strategy in Translation Novel “The Runaway Jury (Juri Pilihan)” by John Grisham. B. Focus of the Research This research focuses on compensation strategy of the idioms translation in the novel “The Runaway Jury (Juri Pilihan). C. Questions of the Research Based on focus of the research above, there is a question for this research: 1. What are the types of compensation strategy in translation novel “The Runaway Jury (Juri Pilihan) applied by the translator”? 2. How are compensation strategies of the idioms translation applied by the translator? D. Significant of the Research This research is hoped to give or add new knowledge about translation strategy, especially compensation stratgey that rarely appointed to become topic of research.
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Furthermore, it can give comprehension about types of compensation strategy used in translating the idiom E. Research of Methodology 1. Object of the Research To find the sentences or words in the novel using compensation strategy to translate to Indonesia language. Then, to classify the data in any types of compensation strategy obtained fromthe novel andto explain application compensation strategy of idiom translation in the novel. 2. Method of the Research In this research, the writer uses qualitative descriptive method. Firstly, reading the novel, both the original novel and the translation novel. Next, noting the sentences or phrases in the novel using compensation strategy, analyzing alteration that occur in translation using compensation, classifying the data and explaining application compensation strategy of idiom translation. 3. Technique of Data Analysis This research uses descriptive technique by using theory of Sandor Harvey, and Ian Higgins to classifying the translation using compensation strategy and explainingapplication compensation strategy of idiom translation 4. Instrument of the Research
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The instrument in this research is the writer himself by reading, noting and classifying the data. 5.
Unit of Analysis
The unit of analysis in this research is the original novel in English that is “The Runaway Jury” by John Grisham and the translation novel in Indonesian language “The Runaway Jury (Juri Pilihan)” translated by Hidayat Saleh.
CHAPTER II THEORITICAL DESCRIPTION
A. Previous Research Many people who had researched about compensation strategy. The writer shows some researches about compensation strategy. There are 3 researches that havebeen done about compensation strategy: First, Ana Belén Cabrejas-Peñuelas (2012) with her journal entitlesThe Compensation Strategies of an Advanced and a Less Advanced Language Learner: A Case Study. This research aims to investigating the compensation strategies used by an expert and a less expert language learner. Compensation strategies had been found to be useful to make up for lack of linguistic knowledge and to keep the composing going. In her opinion, the expert and less expert learners have been found to use very similar strategies, but while the expert learner showed a careful orchestration of strategies leading to successful prose, some strategies used by the less expert learner in a linear fashion that did not have good results for the quality of essay. In the end, may have implications for teaching less able students. The result of this research is to report on how an advanced and an intermediate student of English as a foreign language differ in the compensation strategies they use.
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Second, The Use of Compensation Strategies in the Iranian EFL Learners’ Speaking and its Relationship with Their Foreign Language Proficiency by Ali Akbar Taheri and Mohammad Davoudi (2016). In this research, Compensation strategies are strategies which a language user employs in order to achieve his intended meaning when precise linguistic forms are for some reasons not available at that point of communication. The researcher in the present study tries to investigate the relationship between compensation strategies use and the level of language proficiency and gender. Thus, participated four groups of learners in this research to explore this relationship, that are advanced male, advanced female, intermediate male and intermediated female, each containing 12 members. They were interviewed and their performances recorded then transcribed. Finally, found that “self repition”, direct appeal for help”, and “approximation” are the most frequency used strategies. Third, Motallebzadeh and Tousi (2011) explained, in this researched entitleEmploying Compensation Strategy in Translation of Idioms: A Case Study of the Translation of Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in Persian,focus on the problems caused by non-idiomatic translators of the target text‟s idioms. In their opinion, each language has its own unique culture and its own set of rules, sometimes it is impossible to translate an SL idiom with the exact counterpart idiom in the TL. So, translators have no other choice than translating the SL idiom, non-idiomatically and the target text. Here the translator will encounter with a gap of idiomaticity in their translations, while the original text is more idiomatic than their translate version. Firstly, they gave the definitions about idiom from any sources such as McGraw-
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Hill‟s Dictionary of American Idioms and Phrasal, Larson and Baker. In this research, were explained five strategies in translating idioms and one of them is translation by compensation. This strategy cannot be adequately illustrated. Simply, means that may omit or play down a feature such as idiomaticity at the point where it occurs in the source text and introduce it elsewhere in target text. This strategy is not restricted to idiomaticity on fixed expressions and may be used to make up for any loss or meaning, emotional force, or stylistic effect, which may not be possible to reproduce directly at a given point in the target text. Next, Khalil and Seiko explained about definitions of compensation from any experts such as Newmark, Nida and Taber, Baker and Harvey. In their opinion, although the compensation has not a great deal of attention within the field of translation theory, it certainly deserves to be investigated in greater detail which is exactly what this research aims to do. From three previous researches above, the different with this thesis are the writer focuses to analysingcompensation strategy then classifying the data were got from the novel and explains application compensation strategy of idiom translation. B. Conceptual Description 1. Definition of Translation Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language.4 In other hand, translation is a skill, it is
4
Kardimin, Pintar Menerjemah: Wawasan Teoritik dan Praktek, (Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2013), p.8
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means, many people can translate but also many people unsuccessfully to deliver the messages or points from SL to TL based on Newmark‟s statement above. Therefore, as the translator needs a comprehension and knowledge about how to good translate a text from SL to TL to get a good result. In another context, translation is a form of communication that explained by Hatim and Mason, that is an act of communication which attempts to relay, across cultural and linguistic boundaries, another act of communication.5 Nida and Taber,had also explained that translation is a form of communication where a translator is among the both of language that are become receiver of source language then become sender of target language.6 It is means, that as a human being, language is an important thing for communication either verbal language or with sign language to send message about our perception or to express what we feel. Thus, according of any definition of translation above, translation is process to transfer language from source language (SL) to target language (TL) in text as well as a form of communication to send a message.
5
Sayogie, op.cit., p.7 Benny Hoedoro Hoed, Penerjemahan dan Kebudayaan (Jakarta: Dunia Pustaka Jaya, 2006), pp.28-29
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2. Translation Strategies When translating a book or text, a translator will find the different problems in process of translation. There are 18 strategies of translation can used by translator to solve any problems when translate7: 1) Adaptation: it replaces a ST cultural element with one from the target culture;2) Amplification: it introduces details that are not formulated in the ST; 3) Borrowing: it takes a word or expression straight from another language. It can be pure (without any change); 4) Calque: it literal translation of a foreign word or phrase; it can be lexical or structural; 5) Compensation: it introduces a ST element of information or stylistic effect in another place in the TT because it cannot be reflected in
the same place as in the ST; 6)
Description: it replaces a term or expression with a description of it is form or/and function; 7) Discursive creation: it establishes a temporary equivalence that is totally unpredictable out of context; 8) Established equivalent: it uses a term or expression recognized (by dictionaries or language in use) as an equivalent in the TL; 9) Generalization: it uses a more general or neutral term; 10) Linguistic amplification: it adds linguistic elements. This is often used in consecutive interpreting and dubbing; 11) Linguistic compression: it synthesizes linguistic elements in the TT. This is often used in simultaneous
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Lucia Molina, Amparo Hurtado Albir, Translation Technique Revisited: A Dynamic and Functionalist Approach, Vol. 48, No.4, pp. 12-14, (META, 2002)
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interpreting and in sub-titling; 12) Literal translation: it translates a word or an expression word for word; 13) Modulation: it changes the point of view, focus or cognitive category in relation to the ST, it can be lexical or structural; 14) Particularization: it uses a more precise or concrete term; 15) Reduction: it suppress a ST information item in the TT; 16) Substitution: it changes linguistic elements for paralinguistic elements (intonation, gestures) or vice versa; 17) Transposition: it changes a grammatical category; 18) Variation: it to changes linguistic or paralinguistic element (intonation, gestures) that affect aspects of linguistic variation: changes of textual tone, style, social dialect, geographical dialect. Translating needs a long time process and as a translator will face any problems when translate, such as idiomaticity, grammatical, equivalent, etc. Therefore, those strategies above used in accordance with the problems that the translator got and if the translator can solve the problems he got and understand what the translator have to do when he got problems to translating, it is not possible, the translator can produce a good translation. 3. Compensation Strategy Deeper Compensation is one of eighteen strategies which have contribution for assist the translator for translate, while it can be used as onepossible strategy for dealing with idioms and quite an effective one for compensating the loss caused by translating.Compensation is when loss the meaning or
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sound effect or metaphor in one part of sentence in compensation in another part.8In other word, with this strategy the translator asked for intreprete such as, words, phrases or sentences which can not to applied in target language because of the elements of culture from source language. Compensation is also where any conventional translation would entail an unacceptable translation loss, this loss is reduced by the freely chosen introduction of a less unacceptable one, such that important ST effects are rendered in the TT by means other than those used in the ST.9 The conventional translation in question is literaly translation. If this translation is done at words, phrase or sentences in ST which should use compensation strategy, thus there are deviation meaning and unacceptable meaning in TT so that difficult to understand the meaning of the text. Another definition of compensation is related with the idiom. Baker said that in compensation, the translator can omit or shrink feature like idiomatic at the point where it happened in source language and show in another place in target language.10Sandor Harvey and Ian Higgins, classified the compensation into four types. First, compensation in kind is to making up for one type of textual effect in the ST by another type
8
Peter Newmark, Approaches to Translation (United Kingdom: Pergamon Press, 1982), p.31 Sandor Harvey, Ian Higgins, Stella Cragie, Patricia Gambrotta, Thinking Italian Translation: A course in translation method: Italian to English(London: Routledge, 2000), p.34 10 Khalil Motallebzadeh, Seika Tousi, Employing Compensation Strategy in Translation of Idioms: A Case Study of the Translation of Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in Persian, Vol.3, No.1, p. 9, (Iran: Macrothink Institute, 2011) 9
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in the TT.11This type requires the translator to make new statement or expression in target language have same meaning with source language and adjust with the situation in target language. Second, compensation in place where the TT textual effect occurring at a different place, relative to the other features in the TT context, from corresponding textual effect in the ST context.12 An instance for this compensatory strategy is employed to make up for an inevitable loss such as figures of speech pertaining to schemes or tropes, as in compensating for the loss of alliteration by employing assonance or vice versa. This type means, the translator focus to keep the rhyme that exits in source language and make it in the target language though difference place. If in source language exist in the beginning of sentence, possibility can exist anywhere of the sentence in target language. Third, compensation in splitting involves a change in „economy‟, ST features being spread over a longer length of TT.13 In short, in this type, the translator is requires to interpretation or explain more detail the simple statement or expression in a text or novel so that the reader can catch what the point it is. Fourth, compensation by merging is considering the features carried over a relatively longer stretch of the ST (a complex phrase) into a relatively 11
Sandor Harvey, Ian Higgins, Thinking Translation: A course in translation method: French to English(London: Routledge, 1992), p.35 12 Ibid, p.37 13 James Dickins, Sandor Hervey, Ian Higgins, Thinking Arabic Translation: A course in translation method: Arabic to English, (London: Routledge, 2002), p.47
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shorter stretch of TT (a single word or a simple phrase).For some cases, compensation by merging is the only way to strike a balance between doing justice to the literal meaning of a piece of ST and constructing an idiomatic TT.14The translator use this type to make a simple statement or expression in TT that describe longer in ST and the translator have to know what the means of expression or statement that describe in ST. 4. Idiom Idioms are generally defined as fixed phrases consisting of more than one word, and their meaning cannot be worked out by knowing the meaning of the individual words.15 In other words, translating idiom can not be translated literally because it needs comprehend about the meaning of idiom itself and need translation strategy which can assist the translator when translating the idiom either from text or book. As the writer said, translating idiom need strategy that aim assist the translator for understanding the meaning of idiom itself. These are strategy for translating the idiom:
14
Harvey, Higgins, op.cit, p.38 Gaule, Josan, op.cit, p.50
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a. Using an Idiom of similar meaning and form It involves using an idiom in the target language which convey roughly the same meaning as that of the source language idiom and in addition consists of equivalent lexical items. b. Using an Idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form Idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form refers to those having completely different meanings and the occasions in which the idioms are used are not alike as well. c. Using an Idiom Translation by paraphrase Where the expression is often rewritten using other words to simplify it and then translate. d. Using an Idiom Translation by Omission If the idiom has no close match, the system can simply omit the idiom in target language. The meaning will not be harmed, if this technique is used when the words which will be omitted are not vital to the development of the text. Translator can simply omit translating the word or the expression in question
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e. Translation by compensation This strategy is not restricted to idiomaticity or fixed expressions and may be used to make up for any loss or meaning, emotional force, orstylistic effect, which may not be possible to reproduce directly at a given point in thetarget text.16
16
Motallebzadeh, Tousi, op.cit, pp.3-4
CHAPTER III THE ANALYSIS
A. Data Description In this chapter, the data are taken from both of novel “The Runaway Jury” by John Grisham and the same book “Juri Pilihan” that has been translated into Indonesian by Hidayat Saleh. John,is an American bestselling writer, attorney, politician, and activist best known for his popular legal thrillers. His books have been translated into 42 languages and published worldwide.17This novel told a court about suit to the tobacco company. The plaintiff felt that the company has been sold the cigarette that causes her husband is dead. Many tricks are from the both of sides to win the court. With this novel, the writerfinds type of compensation strategy containing in this novel and explains application compensation strategy of idiom translation. B. Data Analysis In this part, the writer analyzes the sample of the data from the novel “The Runaway Jury” by John Grisham and the translation novel “Juri Pilihan” by Hidayat
17
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Grisham, accessed 23rd January 2017, 08.30 p.m
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Saleh and explains what type of compensation that containing in this novel and explains application compensation strategy of idiom translation. I.
Compensation in Kind: Data 1: SL:
“Each company siphoned off three million a year and routed the cash circuitously until it landed in The Fund. No bean counter, no auditor, no regulator had ever caught wind of the slush money.”(8)
TL:
”Masing-masing perusahaan mengalirkan tiga juta dolar setahun dan memutar-mutar uang itu hingga mendarat di The Fund. Tidak ada akuntan, tidak ada auditor, tidak ada penegak hukum yangmencium adanya dana untuk tujuan-tujuan tersebut.”(25) The data included into the compensation in kind. Based on the
definition of compensation in kind, that is to making up for one type of textual effect in the ST by another type in the TT and this is appropriate with the idiom translation in TL. In translating the idiom, the translator cannot uses the literal translation because with that way, the translator does not get the right meaning of the idiom, for example caught wind of the slush money does not means menangkap angin dari lumpur uang. In other words, the idiom translation of the data is not interpreted directly, yet a new effect that created by the translator for interpret the meaning of the idiom, so that the right
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meaning of the idiom in TL is mencium adanya dana untuk tujuan-tujuan tersebut. The meaning is acceptable and comprehenable by the reader.
Data 2 SL:
“A few of his questions were wrapped around mini-arguments, but he stayedout of trouble.” (29)
TL:
“Beberapa pertanyaan diajukan secara tak langsung dalam argumenargumen singkat, tapi ia tidak membuat masalah.” (65) The definition of the compensation in kind is making up for one type
of textual effect in the ST by another type in the TT and this appropriate with the idiom translation in TL. The translator make a new effect or explanation in interpret the idiom in SL. Translating the idiom, the translator cannot use literal translation because he could get the wrong meaning of the idiom itself. Stayed out of trouble does not means tetap keluar dari masalah. The meaning can be unacceptable by the reader and can damage the plot of the novel. Hence, the compensation in kind strategy asissts the translator to interpret the idiom with new explanation that can be appleid in TL and acceptable by the reader, so that the right meaning is tidak membuat masalah.
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Data 3 SL:
“"Why does he keep lecturing us like that?" asked Millie Dupree, obviously delighted someone had broken the ice and anxious to start the gossip.”(66)
TL:
“Kenapa dia terus menguliahi kita seperti ini?” tanya Millie Dupree, jelas senang bahwa seseorang telah mengendurkan suasana kaku dan membangkitkan semangat untuk mulai bergosip.”(136) The data included into compensation in kind because appropriate with
the definition of compensation in kind, that is making up for one type of textual effect in the ST by another type in the TT. The translator uses compensation in kind to interpret the idiom because the idiom cannot to translating word by word. If it is translated word by word translation, then broken means menghancurkan, the ice means es and the result of that meaning is menghancurkan es, so that was not the right definition of the idiom in SL. Therefore, using compensation in kind can assist the translator to interpret the meaning of the idiom in TL with make new effect that describing the idiom itself, then the right meaning of the idiom is mengendurkan suasana kaku.
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Data 4 SL:
“Sixteen years earlier, he had been the first black mid-level manager to enter the world of Listing Foods, and he had been a pain in the ass.”(102)
TL:
“Enam belas tahun lalu, ia manajer menengah kulit hitam pertama yang memasuki dunia Listing Foods, dan ia membuat banyak kesulitan.”(201) The data included into compensation in kind because approipriate with
the definition of compensation in kind, that is making up for one type of textual effect in the ST by another type in the TT. In translating the idiom, the translator does not use literal translation because it cannot be obtained the right meaning of the idiom. If it is translated using literally translation, then a pain in the ass means sebuah rasa sakit di bokong.Therefore, the translator usescompensation in kind to obtain the right meaning of the idiom and appropriate with the plot of the novel. The result is membuat banyak kesulitan. II.
Compensation in Splitting: Data 1 SL:
“It's those greedy ambulance chasers I hate."(104)
TL:
“Pengacara-pengacara yang mengais keuntungan dari korban kecelakaan itulah yang kubenci.”(205)
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The data included into the compensation in splitting because it is baesd on the definition of the compensation in splitting that involves a change in „economy‟, ST features being spread over or longer length of TT. The result of idiom translation of the data is appropiate with the definition of the compensation in splitting that the explanation of the idiom are longeror extended than the idiom itself. In using of the compensation in splitting, the translator does not translate it literally or word by word because it can damage,not only for the definition of the idiom itself but also for the plot in the novel. For example, ambulance, if it is translated to TT is not ambulance, as well as chasers if it is translated to TT is not pemburu. Moreover, using the type, the translator has to explain more detail and longer than the idiom in ST. Thus, the translator has to translate the whole idioms or phrases to get the true definition of it. Data 2 SL:
“"Rohr knows nothing. We danced and shadow-boxed, but never connected."”(279)
TL:
“”Rohr tidak tahu apa-apa. Kami menari dan bersparring dengan lawan khayalan, tapi tak pernah berhubungan.””(516) The data included into compensation in splitting because it is
appropriate with the definition of compensation in splitting, that is ST features
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being spread over or longer length of TT. The idiom translation in TL is longer and extended than in SL. In translating the idiom, the translator does not use word by word translation for the data. The meaning of shadow-boxed if it usesword by word translation is kotak bayangan and that is the wrong meaning of the idiom. The using compensation in splittingcan assist the translator to interpret the idiom with detailed and clear explanation. Hence, the right meaning of the idiom by using compensation in splitting is bersparring dengan lawan khayalan. The meaning is acceptable and appropriate to complete the plot of the novel. ``
Data 3 SL:
“He lost track of the money. He pulled it from all four pockets, then he replaced some of it.”(315)
TL:
Iasudah tidak bisa lagi menghitung uang itu. Ia mengeluarkannya dari keempat saku, lalu memasukannya lagi sebagian.”(581) The definition of compensation in splitting is ST features being spread
over or longer length of TT and this is appropriate with the idiom translation in TL of the data. The translator uses compensation in splitting to interpret the idiom into target language (TL). That thing has to do by the translator because the translator cannot use literal translation for translating the idiom. The result of idiom translation using literal translation, the translator does notobtain the
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right meaning of the idiom itself. Lost track does not means kehilangan jalur, but sudah tidak bisa lagi menghitung. The effect of compensartion in splitting is more details and longer than in SL. Data 4 SL:
“At a moment like this, with a billion dollars on the table, Herrera would be raising hell and probably throwing things.”(342)
TL:
“Pada saat seperti ini, dengan satu miliar dolar di meja, Herrera akan ribut
luar
biasa
dan
mungkin
akan
melempar-lemparkan
barang.”(630) The data included into compensation in splitting. Based on the definition of compensation in splitting is ST feature being spread over or longer length of TT, then the data is appropriate with it. In translating the idiom, the translator does not useword by word translation. The translator does not translateraisingbecome memelihara and hell become neraka. However, the translator translates the whole idioms to obtain the right meaning in TL by using compensation in splitting, then the result is ribut luar biasa.
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III.
Compensation by Merging: Data 1 SL:
“He made his way along Lamuese Street for two blocks until he came to the Vieux Marche, a pedestrian mall lined with neat shops along what was once the central business section of Biloxi.”(45)
TL:
“Iamenyusuri Lamuese Street sejauh dua blok hingga sampai di Vieux Marche, sebuah mall untuk pejalan kaki dengan toko-toko yang rapi di sepanjang daerah yang dulu adalah pusat bisnis Biloxi.”(97) The definition of the compensation in merging is carried over a
relatively longer stretch of the ST (a complex phrase) into a relatively shorter stretch of TT (a single word or a simple phrase) and this is appropriate with the idiom translation in TL of the data. The explanation about the idiom in TT is shorter and simple than in ST. In using the compensation in merging, the translator has to interpret the idiom as simple as possible, yet the reader can comprehend and accept the point of the idiom. In other word, same like another type, the translator cannot use literal translation to translating the idiom because it will be confuse the reader and damage the plot of the novel. Data 2 SL:
“"Your fingers are on the pulse here.””(164)
TL:
“”Anda sudah berkecimpung di sini.””(308)
26
The data included into compensation in merging because it is appropriate with the definition of compensation in merging, that is carried over a relatively longer stretch of the ST (a complex phrase) into a relatively shorter stretch of TT (a single word or a simple phrase). The idiom translation in TL is shorter and simple than the idiom in SL. The translator using compensation in merging for interpret the idiom become as simple as possible in TL, so that can comprehended by the reader. The translator does not useliteral translation because it will be confuse the reader with meaning that difficult to comprehend. If it is translated by using literal translation, then the meaning is jari-jari pada denyut nadi. That meaning is damaging the plot of the novel and confusing the reader. Eventhough, the right meaning of the idiom using compensation in merging is simple and shorter than the idiom itself, this is berkecimpung. Data 3 SL:
“"Because it's a cop-out. We'd simply be passing the buck to the next jury. If we get hung up and go home, it'll cost each side millions of dollars because they'll have to come back in two years and replay the whole thing.””(269)
TL:
“Sebab
itu
adalahpelepasan
tanggung
jawab.
Kita
hanya
memindahkannya kepada juri berikutnya.Kalau kita tidak sampai pada keputusan dan pulang, masing-masing pihak menghamburkan jutaan
27
dolar, karena mereka harus kembali lagi dalam dua tahun dan memainkan kembali semua ini.””(500) The data included into compensation in merging. Based on the definition of compensation in merging is carried over a relatively longer stretch of the ST (a complex phrase) into a relatively shorter stretch of TT (a single word or a simple phrase), then the data is appropriate with it because the idiom translation in TL is shorter and simple. With this type, the translator can interpret the idiom with as simple as possible, so that it is easy to understand by the reader. The translator does not useword by word translation because the meaning which obtained is not appropriate with the real definition and damage the plot. Passing the buck does not mean melewati rusa, but memindahkannya. The result of compensation in merging is shorter and simple than the idiom. Data 4 SL:
“"Why are you playing games, Fitch? Either you have something or you don't. Either you tell me so I can tell Nicholas so we can nail her vote, or you sit there hiding your memos and hoping she jumps on board."”(282)
TL:
“”Mengapa kau main-main, Fitch? Kau punya sesuatu atau tidak?Apakah kau akan menceritakannya padaku, supaya aku memberitahu Nicholas, sehingga kita bisa mengantongi suaranya; atau
28
kau mau duduk di sini menyembunyikan memomu dan berharap dia akan bergabung?””(520) The definition of compensation in merging is carried over a relatively longer stretch of the ST (a complex phrase) into a relatively shorter stretch of TT (a single word or a simple phrase), and this is appropriate with the data. Same like the previous data, the translator does not use literal translation because the translator will never obtain the right meaning of the idiom, for example,jumps on board means melompat ke atas papan, if it is translated with literal translation. The translator uses compensation in merging to interpret the idiom and the result of the idiom translation that using compensation in merging shorter and as simple as possible than the idiom itself. Thus, the right meaning that using compensation in merging is bergabung.
CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
A. Conclusions From the whole of the research, the writer concludes that the types of compensation strategy are differences to each other. Furthermore, the translator uses compensation strategy to translate idiom because it cannot be translated literally. Idiom has own rule and need strategy if someone wants to translate it. The translator cannot use literal translation because the result will be unacceptable andcan damage a whole story of the novel. Compensation strategy can assist the translator to comprehendthe meaning of idiom, so that the reader can understand the plot of the novel. Many constraints that can be found by the translator when he tries to translate text or book that contains such as, cultures element, idioms and terms that difficult to translate if the translator does not know about situation, condition and culture itself in SL. Learning culture of SL is the one solution to solve any constraints that will be found doing translation, except using the strategies that have many types choosen by the translator appropriating to the need and the constraint that he finds.
29
30
B. Suggestions From the whole of this research, the writer suggests the general translator to learn deeper about anything related to culture in SL before begining to translate, because the knowledge of the culture helps us as the translator to translate words or sentences that are unfamiliar for us and only the citizen of the country know what they say and what they write. The writer also suggests to learning any strategies of translation, because when translating a text or book, it can never be known what the problems that will he faced and the solution of it is the strategies of translation that can solve any problems. For the students this research can be the new reference if they want to conduct research about compensation strategy.For the government the writer suggests to equip more books about the translation, especially translation strategy book. This thing can assist the translator or the people who wants to be a translator in doing their job to translate texts or books or for the students who want to conduct research about compensation strategy.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books: Dickins, James, Sandor Hervey, and Ian Higgins. Thinking Arabic Translation. 1st ed. USA and Canada: Routledge, 2002. Hervey, Sandor, Ian Higgins. Thinking Translation: A course in translation method: `French to English. 1st ed. London: Routledge, 1992 Hervey, Sandor, Ian Higgins, Stella Cragie, Patrizia Gambrotta. Thinking Italian Translation: A course in translation method: Italian to English. 1st ed. London: Routledge, 2000 Hoed, Benny Hoedoro. Penerjemahan Dan Kebudayaan. 1st ed. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya, 2006. Kardimin. Pintar Menerjemah: Wawasan Teoritik Dan Praktek. 1st ed. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2013. Newmark, Peter. Approaches to Translation. 2nd ed. United Kingdom: Prentice Hall International Ltd, 1988. Sayogie, Frans. Teori & Praktik Terjemahan. Ed. Danti Pudjiati. 1st ed. Tangerang Selatan: Transpustaka, 2014. Journals: Gaule, Monika, Dr. Gurpreet Singh Josan, Machine Translation of Idioms from English to Hindi, Vol. 2, No. 6, p. 50, International Journal of Computational Engineering Research, October 2012: 50-54. Molina, Lucia, and Hutado Albir. “Translation Techniques Revisited : A Dynamic and Functionalist Approach Lucía Molina and Amparo Hurtado Albir.” (2002): 498m 512. Motallebzadeh, Khalil, and Seika Tousi. “Employing Compensation Strategy inTranslation of Idioms: A Case Study of the Translation of Mark Twain‟s
31
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Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in Persian.” International Journal of Linguistics 3.1 (2011): 1–9.
Peñuelas, Ana Belén Cabrejas. The Compensation Strategies of an Advanced and a Less Advanced Language Learner: A Case Study, Theories and Practice in Language Studies, Vol.2, No.7, July 2012 Taheri, Ali Akbar, Mohammad Dvoudi. The Use of Compensation Strategies in the Iranian EFL Learner’s Speaking and its Relationship with Their Foreign Language Proficiency, Journal of Education and Practice, Vol.7, N0.9, 2016 Websites: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novel https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Grisham
APPENDIX
A. Compensation in Kind No. Source Language (SL) 1. ”The mood around the room lightened for a fleeting moment as they looked at Traci by the tree. Then Carl said, "Safe to say that we'll take number fifty seven." (4) 2. ”And the first time a jury handed out a few million to a widow, then all hell would break loose.” (8)
Target Language (TL) ”Sesaat suasana di dalam ruangan jadi sedikit ceria ketika mereka melihat foto itu. Kemudian Carl berkata,”Kurasa cukup aman untuk mengambil nomor 57.” (16)
3.
“Each company siphoned off three million a year and routed the cash circuitously until it landed in The Fund. No bean counter, no auditor, no regulator had ever caught wind of the slush money.”(8)
”Masing-masing perusahaan mengalirkan tiga juta dolar setahun dan memutar-mutar uang itu hingga mendarat di The Fund. Tidak ada akuntan, tidak ada auditor, tidak ada penegak hukum yangmencium adanya dana untuk tujuan-tujuan tersebut.”(25)
4.
“Another assistant ventured forth with a platter of leftover shrimp and oysters, but Fitch waved him off.”(9)
“Satu asisten lain maju dengan sepiring udang dan kerang sisa, tapi Fitch mengibaskan tangan mengusirnya.” (26)
5.
“Sure he had some clout right now, liked to swagger and bark because he was pushing the buttons,” (10)
“Memang saat ini ia punya kekuasaan, suka bersikap angkuh dan membentak-bentak, sebab dialah yang sedang memegang kendali,” (27)
6.
“A few of his questions were wrapped around mini-arguments, but he stayed out of trouble.” (29)
“Beberapa pertanyaan diajukan secara tak langsung dalam argumenargumen singkat, tapi ia tidak membuat masalah.” (65)
33
”Dan begitu satu dewan juri memberikan beberapa juta dolar pada seorang janda, habislah mereka.” (24)
34
7.
“The experts for the defense congratulated themselves on picking such a fine jury, though most of the puffing and posturing was done for the benefit of the legion of lawyers working round the clock.”(39)
8.
“With little movement of the “Dengan sedikit gerakan kepala, ia head, he cut his eyes around the mengarahkan pandang ke sekeliling courtroom.”(41) ruang sidang.”(88)
9.
“After a brief nap in his office in downtown Manhattan, Luther Vandemeer called the number in Biloxi and left a message for Rankin Fitch to call him in the Hamptons over the weekend.”(62)
“Sesudah tidur siang singkat di kantornya di pusat kota Manhattan, Luther Vandemeer menelepon sebuah nomor di Biloxi dan meninggalkan pesan agar Rankin Fitch meneleponnya di ruma keluarga Hampton di akhir pekan.”(128)
10.
“The experts preferred not to engage in small talk with Fitch, and Fitch wasn't about to entertain them.”(62) “"Why does he keep lecturing us like that?" asked Millie Dupree, obviously delighted someone had broken the ice and anxious to start the gossip.”(66)
“Pakar-pakar itu tidak suka berbasa-basi dengan Fitch, dan Fitch pun tidak berniat bercakapcakap dengan mereka.”(129)
12.
“What the hell do you expect? Perfect health?" His tone was sarcastic, and left no doubt that he'd walked into jury service withhis mind made up.”(74)
“Apa yang diharapkan? Kesehatan yang sempurna? Nada suaranya mengejek; jelas ia sudah membuat keputusan bulat sebelum menerima tugas sebagai juri.”(151)
13.
“Their low voiceswere carefully “Mereka
11.
“Para pakar di pihak pembela saling memberi selamat pada diri sendiri karena telah memilih juri yang demikian bagus, meskipun sebagian pekerjaan dan prose situ dilaksanakan oleh pasukan pengacara yang bekerja terusmenerus.”(84)
“Kenapa dia terus menguliahi kita seperti ini?” tanya Millie Dupree, jelas senang bahwa seseorang telah mengendurkan suasana kaku dan membangkitkan semangat untuk mulai bergosip.”(136)
sengaja
berbisik-bisik
35
gauged to land just outside the earrange of Herman Grimes, who at the moment was slapping his laptop.”(84) “His people, whether the jury consultants or run-of-the-mill operatives, moved around.”(85)
sepelan mungkin, agar tidak terdengar oleh Herman Grimes yang sedang mengoperasikan laptopnya.”(169)
15.
“Then he instantly realized that it seemed horribly unpatriotic and maybe even downright sinful to interrupt a group of wellmeaning citizens as they took a moment to honor their flag.”(93)
“Kemudian langsung disadarinya bahwa rasanya sangtlah tidak patriotic dan mungkin berdosa untuk menyela sekelompok warga Negara yang punya niat baik untuk menghormati bendera mereka.”(185)
16.
“"Blows it to hell."”(95)
“”Hancur lebur.””(188)
17.
“All heads were bowed because no one could stomach the sight of half a dinner roll packed tightly in a jaw and clearly visible.”(96)
“Semua kepala tertunduk, sebab tak ada seorang pun tahanmelihat makanan yang berjejalan dalam mulut wanita itu.”(192)
18.
“Sixteen years earlier, he had been the first black mid-level manager to enter the world of Listing Foods, and he had been a pain in the ass.”(102) “Once things warmed up, allegations of wrongdoing began to fly back and forth, with the defense catching the most flak.”(117)
“Enam belas tahun lalu, ia manajer menengah kulit hitam pertama yang memasuki dunia Listing Foods, dan ia membuat banyak kesulitan.”(201)
“"You've gotta protect us on this, Lonnie. I know it puts you in the bull's-eye, but, damn, you just happen to be there, know what I
“”Kau harus melindungi kami dalam hal ini, Lonnie. Aku tahu posisimu jadi sulit, tapi…aduh, kau kebetulan ada di sana, thau
14.
19.
20.
“Anak buahnya, entah konsultan juri atau pesuruh biasa, berkeliaran di seluruh penjuru ruang sidang.”(172)
“Setelah argumentasi mulai memanas, tuduhan melakukan kecurangan mulai beterbangan bolak-balik, dengan pihak pembela menerima tembakan terbanyak.”(228)
36
mean?"”(121)
maksudku?””(237)
21.
“"I'll be damned."”(123)
“”Terkutuklah””(239)
22.
“A gentle laugh came from all quarters of the courtroom, and Cable knew he had his hands full.”(151)
“Terdengar tawa kecil dari seluruh penjuru ruang sidang, dan Cable tahu bahwa ia mengadapi kesulitan.”(288)
23.
“Ringwald watchedpoker-faced “Ringwald mengawasi tanpa as Hoppy did the mental ekspresi sewaktu Hoppy math.”(160) bermatematika dalam hati.”(302)
24.
“We're happy because we're about to make a pot full of money, along with you, I might add.”(164)
25.
“The man had fine-tuned the “Laki-laki itu sudah mengasah diri practice ofcorruption and made it dalam praktek korupsi dan an art form.”(166) membuatnya jadi bentuk seni.”(313)
26.
“He was really at a loss for the “Dalam urusan ini, ia benar-benar proper customs in these tidak tahu-menahu tentang tata cara matters.”(168) semestinya.”(318)
27.
“"And the planning commission “”Dan komisi perencanaan akan will put up a nasty fight."”(169) menentang hebat.””(319)
28.
“Must be the Boy Scouts selling doughnuts at this ungodly hour.”(178) “"Sure I'm sure," Hoppy said, staring slack-jawed at the sleek hideous device.”(182)
“Pasti para pramuka yang jual donat sepagi ini.”(336)
“Hoppy in the back with Cristano, who matter-of-factly began to explain that he was some type of high-ranking Assistant Attorney General from
“Hoppy di belakang bersama Cristano, yang tanpa basa-basi menjelaskan bahwa ia adalah semacam asisten Jaksa Agung berposisi tinggi dalam Departemen
29.
30.
“Kami senang sebab kami akan mengeruk uang, bersama-sama Anda, kalau boleh saya tambahkan.”(308)
“”Tentu saya yakin,” kata Hoppy sambil menatap dengan mulut ternganga pada alat tipis menyeramkan itu.”(341)
37
deep inside Justice.”(189)
Kehakiman.”(355)
31.
“Two schools of thought, but eight very firm and very different inclinations about precisely what would be effective.”(199)
“Hanya ada dua garis pemikiran, tetapi ada delapan pendapat kuat dan berlainan mengenai tindakan apa yang paling efektif.”(374)
32.
“There was too much at stake for “Terlalu banyak yang dipertaruhkan bickering and second- untuk bertengkar sendiri dan guessing.”(200) menebak-nebak.”(377)
33.
“The first order of business Monday morning was a private meeting between Judge Harkin and Nicholas, the topic being the fire and his well-being.”(201)
“Urusan pertama Senin pagi itu adalah rapat pribadi antara Hakim Harkin dan Nicholas; topiknya adalah kebakaran tersebut dan keselamatan diri Nicholas.”(378)
34.
“Harkin would have loved to know if there was any hankypanky among the jurors, not that it would carry any legal significance.”(201)
“Harkin ingin sekali mengetahui apakah ada yang main-main di antara para anggota juri, meskipun itu tidak memiliki arti apa-apa dari segi hukum.”(379)
35.
“We played hardball, and we “Kami menghalalkan segala cara, taught dan kami mengajari organisasiother tobacco apologists the ins organisasi penentang rokok tentang and outs of political fist seluk-beluk pertarungan fighting.”(202) politik.”(381)
36.
“"Safe to say, then, that the “”Kalau begitu, bisa diasumsikan environment of your home was bahwa lingkungan rumah Anda smoker friendly?"”(206) ramah terhadap perokok?””(387)
37.
“”"Mr. Robilio, that is uncalled- “”Mr. Robilio, ucapan tadi tidak for.””(207) senonoh.””(389)
38.
“They studied each other for a “Mereka saling mengamati bit. What the hell, thought beberapa lama. Peduli amat, piker Ratliff.”(213) Ratliff.”(400)
39.
“Small knew it well. At times he “Small tahu betul tempat itu. went there himself to drown his Kadang-kadang ia sendiri pergi ke
38
worries and admire the college sana untuk menenggelamkan girls. "I've knocked back a few at kekhawatiran dan mengamati gadisMulligan's," he said.”(214) gadis college.”Saya pernah beberapa kali bersenang-senang di Mulligan‟s,” katanya.”( 401) 40.
“A few bumps in the road but “Memang ada beberapa kesulitan, nothing serious, nothing until he tapi tidak ada yang serius, tidak ada got sick.”(216) apa pun sampai sang suami sakit.”(407)
41.
“"We cut a deal for ten.””(248)
“”Kita sudah buat sepuluh ribu.”(461)
42.
“He had packed in minutes and left, telling the Sheriff repeatedly he was being framed and vowing to get to the bottom of it.”(267)
43.
“He spoke occasionally during meals at the motel and during coffee breaks in the jury room, but he was perfectly content to keep his nose in a book and ignore everyone.”(268)
“Ia berkemas dalam beberapa menit dan pergi, berkali-kali mengatakan kepada Sheriff bahwa ia dijebak, dan bersumpah untuk menyelidikinya hingga tuntas.”(497) “Ia sekali-sekali berbicara saat bersantap di motel dan selama rehat kopi di ruang juri, namun ia sudah sangat puas dengan membaca buku dan mengabaikan semua orang.”(497)
44.
“"The worst thing we can do is hang ourselves, split down the middle and have a mistrial declared."”(269)
“”Hal terburuk adalah kalau kita berselisih pendapat di antara kita sendiri, terpecah dua, dan siding pun dibatalkan.””(499)
45.
“"You can do anything you want, Fitch. Stop playing games. Let's cut the deal now and get on with our business."”(273)
“”Kau bisa melakukan apa saja yang kau inginkan, Fitch. Berhentilah main-main. Mari kita buat kesepakatan sekarang,dan kita bereskan urusan kita.””(507)
46.
“"Look, I'm an actress, okay. “”Dengar, aku aktris, oke. Ini This is a piece of cake."”(277) sangat gampang.””(513)
47.
“Rohr said the plaintiff would “Rohr mengatakan penggugat tidak have no rebuttal. Sunday court
kesepakatan
39
was out of the question.”(285)
akan mengajukan bantahan. Sidang pada
hari
Minggu
merupakan
sesuatu yang mustahil.”(525) 48.
“She finally confessed she'd spilled her guts to Nicholas Easter, a fine young man who knew the law and could be trusted implicitly.”(300)
49.
“One of Poodle's boys picked her “Poodle dijemput salah satu anak up, and Jerry tagged laki-lakinya, dan Jerry ikut along.”(302) serta.”(557)
50.
“She'd be furious, no doubt. She'd flip-flop immediately.”(308) “"We've had to abort scams, but we've never been caught redhanded."”(309)
“Ia akan gusar, itu sudah pasti. Ia akan langsung ganti haluan.”(568)
52.
“No one else was in the room, no one but Wendall Rohr, who stood on the other side of the conference table and paced slowly back and forth, speaking softly with measured words, to his jury.”(310)
“Tak ada orang lain dalam ruangan tersebut, tak seorang pun kecuali Wendall Rohr, yang berdiri di sisi lain meja rapat dan mondar-mandir perlahan-lahan, bebricara pelan dengan kata-kata terukur kepada dewan juri.”(571)
53.
“She savored the moment and appeared on the verge of venturing onto the thin ice of liability.”(333)
“Ia menikmati saat-saat ini, dan tampaknya sudah berniat melangkah ke persoalan peka mengenai pemberian ganti rugi.”(614)
51.
“Ia akhirnya mengaku bahwa ia menceritakan kekesalannya pada Nicholas Easter, pemuda baik hati yang tahu masalah hukum dan secara tersirat bisa dipercaya.”(554)
“”Kami pernah terpaksa membatalkan rencana, tapi tak pernah tertangkap basah.””(569)
B. Compensation in Splitting No. Source Language (SL) Target Language (TL) 1. “I collect two hundred dollars a “Saya mengumpulkan dua ratus juta week, and Ibarely get by.” (24) dolar seminggu, dan saya hidup paspasan.” (54)
40
2.
“It's those greedy ambulance “Pengacara-pengacara yang chasers I hate."(104) mengais keuntungan dari korban kecelakaan itulah yang kubenci.”(205)
3.
“The bombshellwas coming, and “Ia akan menyampaikan sesuatu he was thoroughly enjoying the yang mengejutkan.”(280) moment.”(146)
4.
“Unable to shake the damaging aspects of Krigler's testimony, the defense chose instead to blow smoke at the jury.”(156)
“Karena tak mampu menghapus efek merusak dari kesaksian Krigler, pihak pembela akhirnya memilih untuk menghidangkan omong kosong kepada juri.”(293)
5.
“The obvious question was, why would the boys behind Stillwater Bay associate themselves with a mom-and-pop outfit like Dupree Realty?”(170)
“Pertanyaannya adalah, mengapa bocah-bocah di belakang SStillwater Bay mau berhubungan dengan kantor sederhana macam Dupree Realty?”(321)
6.
“We played hardball, and we “Kami menghalalkan segala cara, taught dan kami mengajari organisasiother tobacco apologists the ins organisasi penentang rokok tentang and outs of political fist seluk-beluk pertarungan fighting.”(202) politik.”(381)
7.
“The one in Des Moines actually “Satu lagi di Des Moines menjawab answered the phone at her telepon di tempat jual-beli mobil husband's used-car lot.”(245) bekas milik suaminya.”(458)
8.
“"Because it's a cop-out. We'd simply be passing the buck to the next jury. If we get hung up and go home, it'll cost each side millions of dollars because they'll have to come back in two years and replay the whole thing.””(269)
“Sebab itu adalah pelepasan tanggung jawab. Kita hanya memindahkannya kepada juri berikutnya. Kalau kita tidak sampai pada keputusan dan pulang, masingmasing pihak menghamburkan jutaan dolar, karena mereka harus kembali lagi dalam dua tahun dan memainkan kembali semua ini.””(500)
41
9.
“"Rohr knows nothing. We “”Rohr tidak tahu apa-apa. Kami danced and shadow-boxed, but menari dan bersparring dengan never connected."”(279) lawan khayalan, tapi tak pernah berhubungan.””(516)
10.
“He lost track of the money. He pulled it from all four pockets, then he replaced some of it.”(315)
“Ia sudah tidak bisa lagi menghitung uang itu. Ia mengeluarkannya dari keempat saku, lalu memasukannya lagi sebagian.”(581)
11.
“At a moment like this, with a billion dollars on the table, Herrera would be raising hell and probably throwing things.”(342)
“Pada saat seperti ini, dengan satu miliar dolar di meja, Herrera akan ribut luar biasa dan mungkin akan melempar-lemparkan barang.”(630)
C. Compensation in Merging No. Source Language (SL) 1. “Carl ran through the photos of the Wilkeses' home, a massive suburban trilevel with Doctor stamped all over it.” (4)
Target Language (TL) “Carlmemperlihatkanfoto-foto rumah keluarga Wilkes, bangunan suburban besar berlantai tiga dengan cap “Dokter” di segala penjuru.” (16)
2.
”And the first time a jury handed out a few million to a widow, then all hell would break loose.” (8)
”Dan begitu satu dewan juri memberikan beberapa juta dolar pada seorang janda, habislah mereka.” (24)
3.
“He made his way along Lamuese Street for two blocks until he came to the Vieux Marche, a pedestrian mall lined with neat shops along what was once the central business section of Biloxi.”(45)
“Ia menyusuri Lamuese Street sejauh dua blok hingga sampai di Vieux Marche, sebuah mall untuk pejalan kaki dengan toko-toko yang rapi di sepanjang daerah yang dulu adalah pusat bisnis Biloxi.”(97)
4.
“From there they flew to Miami “Dari sana mereka terbang ke
42
International, first class, with Stella knocking down two martinis and a glass of wine in less than an hour.”(99)
Miami International Airport, kabin kelas satu, dengan Stella menghabiskan dua martini dan segelas anggur dalam waktu kurang dari satu jam.”(195)
5.
“"Look it over," Taunton said, “Periksalah,” kata Taunton sambil tapping his chin with a designer mengetuk dagu dengan sepucuk pen.”(103) pena buatan desainer. “(204)
6.
“"I'll be damned."”(123)
7.
“Lou Dell turned to Willis, who “Lou Dell menoleh pada Willis was bug-eyed and reaching for yang terbelalak dan bersiap his rusty revolver.”(124) mencabut revolvernya yang karatan.”(240)
8.
“Fitch pursued the hunch with serious arm-twisting through JRA, and after two weeks of dead-end probing they finally found the right clinic.”(131)
9.
“"Your fingers are on the pulse “”Anda sudah berkecimpung di here.””(164) sini.””(308)
10.
“We're happy because we're about to make a pot full of money, along with you, I might add.”(164)
11.
“"And the planning commission “”Dan komisi perencanaan akan will put up a nasty fight."”(169) menentang hebat.””(319)
12.
“The first order of business Monday morning was a private meeting between Judge Harkin and Nicholas, the topic being the fire and his well-being.”(201)
13.
“We had a fat budget with “Kami memiliki anggaran besar
“”Terkutuklah””(239)
“Fitch menyelidiki firasat ini dengan mendesak lewat JRA,dan sesudah dua minggu menemui jalan buntu, akhirnya mereka menemukan klinik yang tepat.”(254)
“Kami senang sebab kami akan mengeruk uang, bersama-sama Anda, kalau boleh saya tambahkan.”(308)
“Urusan pertama Senin pagi itu adalah rapat pribadi antara Hakim Harkin dan Nicholas; topiknya adalah kebakaran tersebut dan keselamatan diri Nicholas.”(378)
43
unlimited resources to wine and dengan uang tak terbatas untuk dine influential menjamu politisi-politisi politicians.”(202) berpengaruh.”(381) 14.
“Cable had a checklist, and “Cable punya ceklist, dan seemed content to fire off the kelihatannya puas questions while ignoring the memberondongkan pertanyaananswers.”(207) pertanyaan tersebut tanpa menghiraukan jawabannya.”(388)
15.
“"Yeah, I think I heard that one “”Yeah, saya rasa saya juga sudah too. It's window dressing.””(207) dengar yang itu. Itu semacam kedok.””(389)
16.
“They studied each other for a “Mereka saling mengamati bit. What the hell, thought beberapa lama. Peduli amat, piker Ratliff.”(213) Ratliff.”(400)
17.
“Slowly, up and down Highway “Perlahan-lahan, menyusuri 90, past the hotels and casinos Highway 90, melewati hotel-hotel, and boat docks.”(236) kasino-kasino dan dok-dok perahu.”(440)
18.
“He explained why some cigarettes have filters, some don't, some have more tar and nicotine than others. It all boiled down to choice.”(237)
19.
“"You're outta your mind," he “”Kau sudah said,”(248) katanya.”(461)
20.
“"Get a grip, Millie.””(251)
21.
“"Son of a bitch!" Fitch screamed “”Bangsat!” Fitch berteriak sambil as he threw down the receiver membanting gagang telepon dan and bolted for the door.”(252) melompat ke pintu.”(470)
22.
“every word getting captured by “setiap patah kata tertangkap oleh a body mikrofon dalam saku kemeja Cleve. mike in Cleve's shirt pocket. “Delapan puluh ribu tidak
“Ia menjelaskan mengapa beberapa jenis rokok memakai filter, sebagian lagi tidak, sebagian mengandung ter dan nikotin lebih banyak daripada yang lain. Semua itu berpusar sekitar pilihan.”(445) sinting,”
“”Sudahlah, Millie.””(467)
44
"Eighty thousand is a drop in the bucket."”(263) “He spoke occasionally during meals at the motel and during coffee breaks in the jury room, but he was perfectly content to keep his nose in a book and ignore everyone.”(268)
seberapa.””(488)
24.
“"The worst thing we can do is hang ourselves, split down the middle and have a mistrial declared."”(269)
“”Hal terburuk adalah kalau kita berselisih pendapat di antara kita sendiri, terpecah dua, dan siding pun dibatalkan.””(499)
25.
“"Because it's a cop-out. We'd simply be passing the buck to the next jury. If we get hung up and go home, it'll cost each side millions of dollars because they'll have to come back in two years and replay the whole thing.””(269)
“Sebab itu adalahpelepasan tanggung jawab. Kita hanya memindahkannya kepada juri berikutnya. Kalau kita tidak sampai pada keputusan dan pulang, masingmasing pihak menghamburkan jutaan dolar, karena mereka harus kembali lagi dalam dua tahun dan memainkan kembali semua ini.””(500)
26.
“He knew she would call Friday morning, though he had no idea what scheme or ploy or heartstopping prank she'd be up to.”(269)
“Ia tahu bahwa Jumat pagi Marlee akan menelepon, meskipun ia tidak tahu rencana atau permainan atau olok-olok mengejutkan apa lagi yang ia buat.”(500)
27.
“A dead bolt rattled from the inside, then Marlee appeared in a gray sweatshirt and blue jeans, no smile at all, no greeting of any sort.”(272)
“Kunci terdengar gemeretak dari dalam, lalu Marlee muncul dengan sweatshirt dan blue jeans, sama sekali tanpa senyum, tanpa sapaan apa pun.”(504)
28.
“"You can do anything you want, Fitch. Stop playing games. Let's cut the deal now and get on with our business."”(273)
“”Kau bisa melakukan apa saja yang kau inginkan, Fitch. Berhentilah main-main. Mari kita buat kesepakatan sekarang,dan kita bereskan urusan kita.””(507)
23.
“Ia sekali-sekali berbicara saat bersantap di motel dan selama rehat kopi di ruang juri, namun ia sudah sangat puas dengan membaca buku dan mengabaikan semua orang.”(497)
45
29.
“"Why are you playing games, Fitch? Either you have something or you don't. Either you tell me so I can tell Nicholas so we can nail her vote, or you sit there hiding your memos and hoping she jumps on board."”(282)
“”Mengapa kau main-main, Fitch? Kau punya sesuatu atau tidak? Apakah kau akan menceritakannya padaku, supaya aku memberitahu Nicholas, sehingga kita bisa mengantongi suaranya; atau kau mau duduk di sini menyembunyikan memomu dan berharap dia akan bergabung?””(520)
30.
“She found his hand and “Millie menggenggam tangan squeezed it. Hoppy decided to go suaminya dan meremasnya. Hoppy for the kill.”(287) memutuskan untuk menuntaskannya.”(530)
31.
“Marlee had called him around 4 A.M., and explained she was soand-so with Delta Airlines, a plane had gone down near Tampa, a Mrs. Cristano was on board, and was this the George Cristano who worked with the Justice Department.”(297)
32.
“"We've had to abort scams, but “”Kami pernah terpaksa we've never been caught red- membatalkan rencana, tapi tak handed."”(309) pernah tertangkap basah.””(569)
33.
“"On the ground" was the next command, and Derrick went spread-eagle on the cold sidewalk, hands behind him.”(318)
34.
“"No thanks. I'll go to the hotel, “”Tidak, terima kasih. Saya akan maybe get some sun."”(329) pergi ke hotel, mungkin berjemur.””(607)
35.
“She savored the moment and “Ia menikmati saat-saat ini, dan appeared on the verge of tampaknya sudah berniat melangkah
“Marlee meneleponnya sekiatr pukul empat dini hari dan menjelaskan bahwa ia adalah petugas dari Delta Airlines, sebuah pesawat telah jatuh di dekat Tampa, Mrs. Cristano tercatat menumpang pesawat itu, dan apakah George Cristano ini bekerja pada Departemen Kehakiman.”(546)
“”Tiarap!” adalah perintah selanjutnya, dan Derrick bertiarap di jalan batu yang dingin, dengan tangan di belakangnya.”(586)
46
venturing onto the thin ice of ke persoalan peka mengenai liability.”(333) pemberian ganti rugi.”(614)
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