156 V. DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Anonim, 2010. The Law of Diminishing Return. http://id.shvoong.com/socialsciences/economics/2079431-law-diminishing-return/#ixzz2O2CuEpie. (Download: 20 Maret 2013) Anonim, 2012. Pengaruh pengelolaan hara N terhadap hasil padi varietas unggul. http://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/58907/BAB%20VI I%20Pengaruh%20Pengelolaan%20Hara%20....pdf?sequence=10 (Dowload: 20 Agustus 2013). Abdurachman, S., C. Witt dan R. Buresh. 2002. Pengembangan metode pengelolaan hara spesifik lokasi pada padi sawah. Dalam Zaini, et al. (Eds). Pengelolaan Hara P dan K pada Padi Sawah. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanah dan Agroklimat. Badan Litbang Pertanian. Bogor. Abdulrachman, S., H. Sembiring dan Suyamto. 2009. Pemupukan Tanaman Padi. Dalam. Darajat, et al. (Eds). Padi Inovasi Teknologi Produksi. Buku 2. Balai Besar Tanaman Padi. LIPI Press. Adiningsih, J.S. dan M. Soepartini. 1995. Pengelolaan pupuk pada sistem usahatani lahan sawah. Makalah Apresiasi Metodologi Pengkajian Sistem Usahatani Berbasis Padi dengan Wawasan Agribisnis. Bogor 7-9 September 1995. Pusat Penelitian Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian. Bogor. Adiningsih, J.S. 2004. Dinamika hara dalam tanah dan mekanisme serapan hara dalam kaitannya dengan sifat-sifat tanah dan aplikasi pupuk. LPI dan APPI. Jakarta. Alexander, M. 1976. Introduction to Soil Microbiology. John Willey & Sons. Inc. New York. London. Sydney. Alsaadawi, I.S. 2001. Allelopathic influence of decomposing wheat residues in Agroecosystems. Cit. Kohli, et al. (Eds). Allelopathy in Agroecosystems. Journal of Crop Production. Vol 4:2. The Harworth Press. Inc. New York. London. Oxford. Amor, L, M. Eiroa, C. Kennes and M.C. Veiga. 2005. Phenol biodegradation and its effect on the nitrification process. Water Research. Vol. 39 (13). P. 2915-2920. Arima, Y. 1995. Nitrogen Metabolism, Dalam Matsuo, et al. (Eds). Science of The Rice Plant. Physiology. Vol. 2. Food and Agriculture Policy Research Center. Tokyo. h. 343-383. Badan Litbang Pertanian. 2006. Pemupukan Fosfat dan Kalium Tanah Sawah, di Kab. Pemalang. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Jakarta. Balingtan, 2006. Laporan Tahunan Hasil Penelitian. Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Jakenan-Pati.
157 Below, F.E. 2001. Nitrogen metabolism and crop productivity. In. Pessarakli (Eds). Hand Books of Plant and Crops Physiology. Second Edition. Marcel Dekker. Inc. New York.Basel. Bengtsson, G., P. Bengtson, and K.F. Mansson. 2003. Gross nitrogen mineralization, immobilization, and nitrification rates as a function of soil C/N ratio and microbial activity. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 35 (143154). BBPTP. 2009. Deskripsi Varietas Padi. Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan. Departemen Pertanian. Sukamandi. BP2TP. 2003. Petunjuk Teknis Penelitian an Pengkajian Nasional Tanaman Pangan. Balai Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknlogi Pertanian. Badan Litbang Pertanian. Bogor. BPS. 2012. Perkembangan Beberapa Indikator Utama Sosial-Ekonomi Indonesia. Sensus Pertanian. Badan Pusat Statistik.Jakarta. Budianto, J. 2002. Tantangan dan Peluang Penelitian Pengembangan Padi dalam Perspektif Agribisnis. Dalam Suprihatno (Eds). Kebijakan Perberasan dan Inovasi Teknologi Padi. Buku 1. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan. Bogor. Buol, S.W., F.D. Hole, and R.J. McCracken. 1973. Soil Genesis and Classificaton The Iowa State University Press. Ames. Buresh, R.J., and C Witt. 2008. Balancing Fertilizer Use and Profit I Asia’s Irrigated Rice Systems. International Plant Nutrition Institute. Better Crops. Vol.92 (1): 18-21. Camberato, J.J. 2001. Nitrogen in Soil and Fertilizers. First Published in The S.C. Turfgrass Foundation News. Jan-March. Vol 8 (1). P.6-10. Chang, T.T. 1976. The Origin, Evolution and Cultivation. Dissemination and Diversification of Asian and African Rice. Euphytica, 25(2):425-441. Chen, D., H.C. Suter, A. Islam and R. Edis. 2010. Influence of nitrification inhibitors on nitrification and test nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from a clay loam soil fertilized with urea. Soil Biology and Biochemestry; 30.p.15. Journal homepage: www.elsevier.com.locate/soilbio. Chien,S.H., L.I. Prochnow, and H. Cantarella. 2009. Recent developments of fertilizer production and use to improve nutrient efficiency and minimize environmental impacts. In. Paul M.Bertsch (Advisors). Advances In Agronomy. Vol 102. Academic Press. USA. Cochran, W.G., and G.M.Cox. 1950. Experimental Design. John Wiley & Sons, INC. Chapman & Hall, Limited. London.
158 Daradjat, A.A. dan P.K. Utami. 1993. Kebutuhan hara N padi di lahan sawah irigasi. Prosiding Simposium Penelitian Tanaman Pangan III. Bogor 23-25 Agustus 1993. Darjanto, 2004. Studi efisiensi hara nitrogen pada tanaman padi sawah dalam upaya menghemat penggunaan pupuk buatan. Program Pasca Sarjana. Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta. (tidak dipublikasikan). Da Silva, J.G., G.E. Serra, J.R. Moreira, J.C. Goncalves and J. Goldenberg.1978. Energy balance for ethyl alcohol production from crop. Science 210. 903906. Depkes, 1993. Tanaman Berkhasiat Obat di Indonesia. Buku 1. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. E-book. Depkes, 1994. Tanaman Berkhasiat Obat di Indonesia. Buku 2. Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. E-book. De Datta, S.K. 1987. Fertilizer management for efficient use in wetland rice soils. Pages 671-701 In Soil and Rice. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines, PO Box 933, Manila. De Datta, .K. 1981. Principles and Practices of Rice Production. A Wiley Interscience Publication. John Willey and Sons. New York. Chichester. Brisbane. Toronto. Singapore. De Datta, S.K. and R.J. Buresh. 1989. Integrated Nitrogen Management in Irrigated Rice Advance in Soil Science.10:143-169. Devarathinam. 1984. Studies of heterosis in relation to performance in rainfed rice. Madras Agric. J. 7 (19); 568-572. Dierolf, T., T. Fairhurst and E. Mutert, 2001. Soil Fertility Kit. A tool kit for acid upland soil fertility management in Southeast Asia. GTZ GmBH, FAO, PT. Jasa Katom, PPI and PPIC. Canada. Dobermann, A. and T. Fairhurst. 2000. Rice. Nutrient Disorders and Nutrient Management. Potash & Phosphate Institute, Potash (PPI) & Phosphate Institute of Canada (PPIC) and International Rice Research Institute. Dobermann, A. 2005. Nitrogen use efficiency- State of the art. In. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Enhanced-Efficiency Fertilizers. Frankfurt. Germany. International Fertilizer Industry Association. Edmeades, D.C. 2004. Nitrification and Urease Inhibitor. Environment Bay of Plenty. Environmental Publication. agKnowledge Ltd. Hamilton. Fageria, N.K. 1992. Maximizing Crop Yields. CRC. Press. Fageria, N.K. 2009. The Use of Nutrients in Crops Plant. CRC. Press. Taylor and Francis Group. Boca Raton. London. New York.
159 Fairhurst, T. and C. Witt. 2002. Rice. A Practical Guide to Nutrient Management. Potash & Phosphate Institute, Potash & Phosphate Institute of Canada and International Rice Research Institute. Fairhurst, T., A. Dobermaan, C. Quijono-Guerta and V. Balasubramanian. 2007. Kahat dan Keracunan Mineral. Dalam Fairhurst, et al. (Eds). Padi. Panduan Praktis Pengelolaan Hara. (Edisi bahasa Indonesia). Fanning, D. S., P. A. Snow, M. C. Rabenhorst and M. A. El-Desoky. 1988. Evidence of eluviation-illuviation of sulfur and heavy metals in Sulfaquepts in recent Baltimore Harbor dredged materials. Pages 38-48. In H. Dost (ed.) Selected Papers of the Dakar Symposium on Acid Sulfate Soils. International Land Reclamation Institute Pub. 44. Wageningen, The Netherlands. FAO, 2005. Fertilizer use by crop in Indonesia. Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nations. Rome. Follet, R.F. 2008. Transformation and Transport Processes of Nitrogen in Agricultural Systems. Dalam: Hatfield and Follet (ed). Nitrogen in the Environment: Source, Problem and Management.Second Edition. 19-50. Foth, H.D. 1991. Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Tanah. UGM Press. Yogyakarta. Gardner, F., R.B. Pearce, and R.L. Mitchell. 1985. Physiology of crop plant. The Iowa State University Press. Gomez, K.A. and A.A. Gomez. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons. Inc. Toronto. Goodwin and Mercer. 1990. Introduction to plant biochemistry. 2nd Eds. Pergamon Press plc. Goos, R.J., and B.E. Johnson. 1999. Performance of Two Nitrification Inhibitors Over a Winter with Exceptionally Heavy Snowfall. Agron. J. 91:10461049. Gosz, J.R., and S.C. White. 1986. Seasonal and annual variation in nitrogen mineralization and nitrification along and elevational gradient in New Mexico. Biogeochemistry 2. 281-297. Gowariker, V., V.N. Krishnamurthy, S. Gowariker, M. Dhanorkar, and K. Paranjape. 2009. The Fertilizer Encyclopedia. A. John Wiley & Sons Inc. Publication. Greenland, D.J. 1997. The Sustainability of Rice Farming. International Rice Research Institute. CAN International. 273 p. Grubesic, R.J., J.Vukovic, D.Kremer and S.V.Knezevic. 2005. Spectrophotometric methode for polyphenols analysis: Prevalidation and application on Plantago L.species. Jour.Pharm.Biomed.Anal. (33). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science? Down load: 27 Pebruari 2008.
160 Gunawan, I.W.G., I.G.A. Gede Bawa dan N.L. Sutrisnayanti. 2008. Isolasi dan Identifikasi Senyawa Terpenoid yang aktif anti bakteri pada heba Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn). FMIPA Universitas Udayana. Bali. Jurnal Kimia 2 (1):31-39. Hadisudarmo, P., dan K. Hairiah. 2006. Penghambatan nitrifikasi secara hayati dengan pengaturan kualitas seresah pohon penaung pada agroforestri berbasis kopi. Dalam. Kurnia dan Ardiwinata (Eds). Prosiding Seminar Nasional “Pengendalian Pencemaran Lingkungan Pertanian Melalui Pendekatan Pengelolaan DAS Secara Terpadu. Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian. Bogor. Hardjowigeno, S., H. Subagyo, dan M.L. Rayes. 2004. Marfologi dan klasifikasi tanah sawah. Dalam. Agus, et al. (Eds). Tanah Sawah dan Teknologi Pengelolaannya. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanah dan Agroklimat. Badan Litbang Pertanian. Bogor. Hal. 1-28. Hardjowigeno, S. dan M.L. Rayes. 2005. Tanah Sawah. Karakteristik, Kondisi, dan Permasalahan Tanah Sawah di Indonesia. Penerbit Bayumedia. Malang. Havlin, J.L., J.D. Beaton, S.L. Tisdale and W.L. Nelson. 2005. Soil Fertility and Fertilizers. An Introduction to Nutrient Management. Seventh Edition. Pearson. Prentice Hall. New Jersey. Heyne, K. 1987. Tumbuhan Berguna Indonesia. Jilid III. Terjemahan Litbang Kehutanan Jakarta. Hopkins, B., J. Ellsworth, and P. Patterson. 2003. Skyrocketing Nitrogen Prices and Potato Production. Agricultural Economics Extention Series. No.0304. April 2003. University of Idaho. College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. Moscow. Idaho. IFPA, 2004. Indonesian Fertilizer Industry. Indonesian Fertilizer Producers Association Collaboration with Ministry of Industry and Trade Republic of Indonesia. Jakarta. IRRI, 1994. Procedure Plant Sampling. International Rice Research Institute. Los Banos. Philippines. IRRI, 2006. Nutrient Management. Rice Knowledge Bank. International Rice Research Institute. http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org. (Down load : 20 Pebruari 2008). Ismunadji, M., I. Zulkarnaini, A. Prawirosamodra, and F. Yazawa. 1973. Productivity of some major Java soil with special reference to yield and nitrogen nutrition of lowland rice. Contr.Centr.Res.Inst. Agric. Bogor. Jacob,R., and E. Cordaro. 2000. Nitrification. http:www.rpi.edu/dept/chemeng/Biotech-Environ/Environmental/Nitrification.html. (20 Pebruari 2008)
161 Jatmiko, S.Y., Poniman dan A. Ichwan. 2006. Status Kadar Nitrat di Beberapa Kawasan Sentra Produksi Padi Irigasi di Jawa Tengah. Makalah Seminar Intern. Balai Penelitian Lingkungan Pertanian. Jakenan Pati. (tidak dipubplikasikan) Johnson, J.W. 2007. Nitrification Inhibitors Potential Use In Ohio. Ohio State University Extention. Department of Horticulture and Crops Science. 2021 Coffey Road. Columbus. Ohio. http://ohioline.osu.edu/agf-fact/o201.html. (Download: 20 Pebruari 2008) Jones Jr., J.B. 2003. Agronomic Handbook. Management of Crops, Soils and Their Fertility. CRC. Press. Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington DC. Karno, 2009. Kajian Padi Sawah Efisien Fosfor (P) dan Pemupukan Nitrogen di Tanah Podsolik Merah Kuning. Disertasi Doktor dalam Ilmu Pertanian. Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. Kasryno, F., P. Simatupang, E. Pasandaran, dan S. Adiningsih. 2001. Reformasi Kebijaksanaan Perberasan Nasional. Forum Agro Ekonomi, 19(2):1-23. Katayama, P.C. 1993. Taxonomical and morphological character and breeding strains: Indica, Japonica and Javanica. In. Matsuo and Hoshikawa (Eds). Science of Rice Morphology. Food and Agric. Policy Rest. Cent. Tokyo. (1): 41-49. Keener, W.K. and D.J. Arp. 1993. Kinetic studies of ammonia monooxygnase inhibition in Nitrosomonas europaea by hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons in an optimized whole cell assay. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 59 (8):2501-2510. Kushibuchi, K. 1997. Historical changes in rice cultivars. In Matsuo, et al. (Eds). Science of the Rice Plant. Genetics. Food and Agriculture Policy Research Center. Tokyo. (3):837-875. Ladha, J.K., F.J. de Bruijn and K.A. Malik. 1997. Intruduction: Assessing opportunities for nitrogen fixaton in rice-a frontier project. In. Ladha, et al. (Eds). Opportunities for Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Rice and Other Non-Legumes. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences. Vol. 75. Kluwer Academic Publishers. In Coperation with IRRI. The Netherlands. Lubis, K. 2000. Nitrogen Dalam Perspektif Pertanian Berkelanjutan. Fakultas Pertanian. Universitas Sumatera Utara. Lecture Articles. http://www.library.usu.ac.id/download/fp/fp-khairunnisa.html. Download : 4 Desember 2007. Makarim, A.K., U.S. Nugraha, dan U.G. Kartasasmita. 2000a. Teknologi Produksi Padi Sawah. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan. Bogor.
162 Makarim, A.K., S. Abdurrachman, dan S. Purba. 2000b. Efisiensi input produksi tanaman pangan melalui prescription farming. Dalam. Makarim, et al. (Eds). Tonggak Kemajuan Teknologi Tanaman Pangan. Konsep dan Strategi Peningkatan Produksi Pangan. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan. Bogor. Makarim, A.K. dan E. Suhartatik. 2006. Budidaya padi dengan masukan insitu menuju perpadian masa depan. Dalam Sumarno (Eds). Iptek Tanaman Pangan. Vol 1(1). Juli 2006. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan. Bogor. Matsuo,T and K. Hoshikawa. 1993. Science of Rice Plant (Vol-1). Science of Rice Morphology. Vol.1. Food and Agric. Policy Rest. Cent. Tokyo. Maulana, M. 2004. Peranan luas lahan, intensitas pertanaman dan produktivitas sebagai sumber pertumbuhan padi sawah di Indonesia 1980-2001. Jurnal Agro Ekonomi. Vol.22(1): 74-95. Morgan, E.D. 2002. The Chemestry of Neem Limonoids. In. H.M. Behl (Eds). Proceeding of the World Neem Conference May 2001.University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Neem Foundation. Pp. 16-25. McCarty, G.W. 1999. Modes of action of nitrification inhibitors. Review article. Biol Fertil Soil. 29:1-9. McKervey, V.B. Woods, D.L. Easson and E.G.A. Forbes. 2005. Opportunities to reduce nitrate leaching from grazed grassland. Occasional publication. No.3. Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute. Northern Ireland. Meyers. 1971. Response Surface Methode. Allyn and Bcon.Inc. Boston. MA. Mikkelsen, D.S., G.R. Jayaweera and D.E. Roiston. 1995. Nitrogen fertilization practices of lowland rice cultur. Pages 171-223 In. P.E. Bacon (Eds). Nitrogen fertilization in the environment. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New YorkBasel-Hongkong. Mohanty, S., A.K. Patra, and P.K. Chhonkar. 2008. Neem (Azadirachta indica) seed kernel powder retards urease and nitrification activities in different soils at contrasting moisture and temperature regimes. Bioresource Technology J. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. India. Mukhopadhyay, D., K. Majumdar, R. Pati, and M.K. Mandal. 2008. Response of Rainfed Rice to Soil Test-Based Nutrient Application in Terai Alluvial Soils. International Plant Nutrition Institute (IPNI). Canada. Better Crops. Vol.92 (4); 13-15. Munir, M. 1996. Tanah-tanah Utama di Indonesia. Universitas Brawijaya Malang. Munir, M. 1983. Tanah - tanah Utama di Indonesia, Karakteristik, Klasifikasi dan Pemanfaatannya. Pustaka Jaya. Jakarta
163 Nico Orgo Manures (NOM), 2006. “N-Guard”. Natural Nitrification Inhibitor. http://www.NicoOrgoManures.htm. Download:26 Pebruari 2008. Nisa,K., E. Damayanti, A. Wheni, R. Maryana, dan S. Krido. 2006. Kinetika Penghambatan Oleh Ekstrak Biji Mimba (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) pada Pertumbuhan Jamur Altenaria porii Penyebab Penyakit Tanaman Bawang Merah. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Iptek Solusi Kemandirian Pangan. Yogyakarta, 2-3 Agustus 2006. Notohadiprawiro, T., S. Soekodarmodjo dan E. Sukana. 1984. Makalah Pertemuan Alih Teknologi. Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Propinsi Jawa Tengah. Pati, 20-22 Agustus 1984. Odhiambo, T.R. 1989. Insect Science and Its Application. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science. Nairobi, 10 (6); 301-308. Onate, B.T. 1976. Statistics in Southeast Asian Agriculture. Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture. Printed in the Philippines by Neda-APO Production Unit. Diliman. Quezon City. Padmini, O.S. 2010. Peran Legum dan Pupuk Organik dalam Rotasi Tanaman Berbasis Padi di Vertisol Kabupaten Sragen. Disertasi Doktor pada Ilmu Pertanian. Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. Patra, D.D., U. Khiran, S. Chad and M. Anwar. 2009. Use of urea coated with natural products to inhibit urea hydrolysis and nitrification in soil. Springer-Verlag. Biol Fertil. Soil. 45: 617-621. Patrck, Jr. W.H., and C.N. Reddy. 1978. Chemical Changes in Rice Soil. In. Soils and Rice. Los Banos. Laguna Philippines. The International Rice Research Institute. p.361-380. Patrick, Jr. W.H., D.S. Mikkelsen, dan B.R. Wells. 1985. Plant nutrient behavior in flooded soil. In. Engelstad, et al. (Ed). Fertilzer Technology and Use.Soil Science Society of America. Inc. Madison, Wisconsin USA. p 197-228. Paul, E.A. and Clarck.1989. Soil Microbiology and Biochemestry. Academic Press. Inc. Pioneer Enterprise. 2006. Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Environmentally friendly natural product for Organic farming. Mumbai. India. http://www.pioneerherbal.com/ Pingali, P.L., M. Husain and R.V. Gerpacio. 1997. Asian rice study: The returning crisis? CAB International and IRRI, Manila. Prajitno, D. 1981. Analisis Regresi Korelasi untuk Penelitian Pertanian. Laboratorium Statistik Pertanian. Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta. Prajitno, D. 1988. Perancangan Percobaan. Bahan Kuliah Perancangan Percobaan. S2. Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta.
164 Pramono, J., S.Catur, E. Kushartanti, Yulianto, S. Basuki, dan Sartono. 2002. Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu Pada Padi Sawah. Laporah Hasil Pengkajian. Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Jawa Tengah. (tidak dipublikasikan). Pramono, J. 2004. Kajian Penggunaan Bahan Organik pada Pad Sawah. Jurnal Agrosains. Vol.6 (1). 11-14. Prasad, R. and S.K. De Datta. 1979. Increasing fertilizer nitrogen efficiency in wetland rice. Nitrogen and Rice. International Rice Research Institute. Los Banos. Laguna. Philippines. Prasad, R., G.B. Rajale, and B.A. Lakhdive. 1971. Nitrification retarders and slow release nitrogen fertilizers. Adv. Agron.23:337-383. Prasetyo, B.H., J.S. Adiningsih, K. Subagyono dan R.D.M. Simanungkalit. 2004. Mineralogi, Kimia, Fisika, dan Biologi Tanah Sawah. Dalam. Agus, F. et al. (Eds). Tanah Sawah dan Teknologi Pengelolaannya. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanah dan Agroklimat. Bogor. Puri, H.S. 1999. Neem. The Divine Tree. Harwood Academic Publisher. Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Japan, Luxembourg, Malaysia, The Netherlands, Russia, Singapore, Switzerland. Purwanto, 2007. Pengendalian Nitrifikasi Melalui Pengaturan Kualitas Seresah Pohon Penaung, Pada Lahan Agroforestri Berbasis Kopi. Ringkasan Disertasi. Program Ilmu Pertanian. Program Pascasarjana Fakultas Pertanian. Universitas Brawijaya. Malang. Puslitbangtan dan IRRI. 2006. Pemupukan Padi sawah Berdasarkan Target Hasil Panen. Kerjasama Puslitbangtan dan IRRI. Bogor. Puslittanak, 2000. Atlas Sumberdaya Tanah Eksplorasi Indonesia. Skala 1:1.000.000. Pusat Penelitian Tanah an Agroklimat. Bogor. Rankin,M. 2008. Nitrification Inhibitors and Use. UW. Extension. Fond du Lac. County. http://www.uwex.edu/ces/crops/ninhib.htm. Down load: 20 Pebruari 2008. Rao, N.S.S. 2007. Mikroorganisme Tanah dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman. Terjemahan Herawati Susilo dan Subiyanto. UI-Press, Indonesia. Reddy, K.R. and R.D. DeLaune, 2008. Biogeochemistry of Wetlands Science and Applications. CRC. Press. Taylor & Francis Group. Boca Raton, London. New York. Rodgers, G.A. 1984. Action of nitrification inhibitors. Cit. Woodbine (Eds). Antimicrobial and Agriculture. The Proceedings of 4th International Symposium on Antibiotics in Agriculture: Benefits and Malefits. Studies in The Agricultural and Food Sciences. Butterworts. London.
165 Rothschild,G. 1997. Opportunities for Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Rice and Other Non-Legume. Kluwer Academic Publishers in Cooperation with IRRI. The Netherlands. Sahrawat, K.L. 2003. A systematic approach to research on development of nitrification inhibitors from indigenous resources. Current Science. Vol.84(1). Saigusa, M. 1999. Slow release nitrogen fertilizers and plant nutrition. Cit. Srivastava and Singh. (Eds). Nitrogen Nutrition and Plant Growth. p: 306335. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co.Pvt.Ltd. New Delhi. Cacuta. Samijan, T.R. Prastuti, M.D. Pertiwi, H. Supadmo dan J. Pramono. 2003. Pengelolaan Hara Spesifik Lokasi dan Implementasi Omission Plot pada Sawah Irigasi. Petunjuk Teknis. Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Jawa Tengah. Ungaran. Sanchez, P. A. 1993. Sifat dan Pengelolaan Tanah Tropika. Jilid 2. Terjemahan Oleh. Hamzah, A. Penerbit ITB Bandung. Saso, J.K. 2009. Evaluating Nitrate Leaching Potential for Two Different Hydrological Soil Groups Using a Conservation Tracer. Thesis Master of Science. The Faculty of Graduate Studies of The University of Guelph. Sastrosupadi, A. 2000. Rancangan Percobaan Praktis. Bidang Pertanian. Penerbit Kanisius. Yogyakarta. Sawyer, J.E. 2004. Nitrogen losses after the heavy rains. Integrated Crop Management. Iowa State University. University Extention. Down load: 20 Pebruari 2008. http://www.ipm.iastate.edu/ipm/icm/2004/6-7-2004 /nloss. html. Scherer, H.W. 2005. Fertilizer and Fertilization. In. Hillel, et al. (Eds). Encyclopedia of Soil in The Environment. Vol 2. Academic Press. Schmidt, E.L. 1982. Nitrification in soil. Cit. Stevenson, F.J. (Edt). Nitrogen in Agricultural Soil. Number 22 in the series Agronomy. Madison, Wiscosin USA. Setyorini, D., L.R. Widowati dan S. Rochayati. 2004. Teknologi pengelolaan hara lahan sawah intensifikasi. Dalam Agus, et al. (Eds). Tanah Sawah dan Teknologi Pengelolaannya. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanah dan Agroklimat. Badan Litbang Pertanian. Bogor. Setyorini, D., dan S. Abdulrachman. 2009. Pengelolaan Hara Mineral Tanaman Padi. Dalam. Suyamto, et al. (Edt). Padi Inovasi Teknologi dan Ketahanan Pangan. Buku-1. Balai Besar Penelitian Tanaman Padi.Badan Litbang Pertanian.
166 Shantharam, S., and A.K. Mattoo. 1997. Enhancing biological nitrogen fixation: An appraisal of current and alternative technologies for N input into plants. In. Ladha, et al. (Eds). Opportunities for Biological Nitrogen Fixation in Rice and Other Non-Legumes. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences. Vol. 75. Kluwer Academic Publishers. In Coperation with IRRI. The Netherlands. Shoji,S. and A.T. Gandeza. 1992. Controlled Release Fertilizers with Polyolefin Resin Coating. Kanno Printing. Co. Ltd. Sendai. Japan, pp.1-92. Smith, G. D. 1965. Pedologic lectures on soil classification. Bulletin de la societe beige de pedoloie, Numero Special 4. Smith, B.N., L.C. Harris, V.W. McCarlei, D.L. Stradling, T. Tygerson, J. Walker, R.S. Criddle, and L.D. Hansen. 2001. Time, Plant Growth, Respiration and Temperature. In Pessarakli, M. (Eds). Handbook of Plant and Crop Physiology. Second Eddition. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York. Basel. P.973. Sirappa, M.P. 2002. Penentuan batas kritis dan dosis pemupukan N untuk tanaman jagung di lahan kering pada tanah Typic Usthorthents. Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan. Vol 3 (2). 25-37. Sismiyati, R., I. Nasution, R. Fathan, St. Ningrum, Murtado, M. Djazli, M.F. Muhadjir, dan A.K. Makarim. 1992. Penelitian efisiensi pemupukan nitrogen pada tanaman padi di Jawa Barat dan Lampung. Prosiding Lokakarya Penelitian Komoditas dan Studi Khusus. Vol.3. Sitompul, S.M., dan B. Guritno. 1995. Analisis Pertumbuhan Tanaman. Gadjah Mada University Press. Snyder, C.S., T.W. Bruulsema, and T.L. Jensen. 2007. Best Management Practices to Minimize Greenhouse Gas Emissions Associated with Fertilizer Use. International Plant Nutrition Institute. Better Crops. Vol. 91 (4). p. 16-18. Soil Survey Staff. Soil taxonomy. A basic system of soil classification for making and interpreting soil surveys. Washington, U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1975. 754p. (USDA-SCS Agric. Handbook, 436) Sofyan, A. dan J. Suryono. 2002. Petunjuk Teknis Pembuatan Peta Status P dan K Lahan Sawah Skala 1 : 50.000. Warta Percobaan Pemupukan. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanah dan Agroklimat. Bogor. Sofyan, A., Nurjaya dan A. Kasno. 2004. Status hara tanah sawah untuk rekomendasi pemupukan. Dalam Agus, et al. (Eds). Tanah Sawah an Teknologi Pengelolannya. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanah dan Agroklimat. Bogor. Hal.83-114.
167 Stark, J.C., W.M. Jarrel an N. Valoras. 1983. Nitrogen use efficiency of trickle irrigated tomatoes receiving continous injection of N. Agron.J. 75:672676. Subagyo, H., N. Suharta, dan A.B. Siswanto. 2004. Tanah-tanah pertanian di Indonesia. Dalam Adimihardja (Eds). Sumberdaya Lahan Indonesia dan Pengelolaannya. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanah dan Agroklimat. Bogor. 245 h. Subagyono, K., Ai. Dariah, E. Sumaini dan U. Kurnia. 2004. Pengelolaan air pada tanah sawah. Dalam. Agus, et al. (Eds). Tanah Sawah dan Teknologi Pengelolaannya. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanah dan Agroklimat. Badan Litbang Pertanian. Bogor. Hal. 191-224. Subbarao, G.V., O. Ito, K.L. Sahrawat, W.L.Berry, K.Nakahara, T. Ishikawa, T. Watanabe, K. Suegana, M. Rondon, and I,M. Rao. 2006. Scope and Strategies for Regulation af Nitrification in Agricultural SystemChallenges and Opportunities.Critical Review in Plant Science. 25; 303335. Sugiyanta, F. Rumawas, M.A. Chozin, W.Q. Mugnisyah dan M. Ghulamahdi. 2008. Studi Serapan Hara N, P, K dan Potensi Hasil Lima Varietas Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.) pada Pemupukan Anorganik dan Organik. Bul. Agron. (36) (3) 196 – 203. Suhartatik, E., Haryanto dan Idawati. 2002. Serapan N pada padi sawah dan tanaman pupuk hijau (Sesbania rostrata) pada sistem tumpangsari. Dalam Soejitno et.al. (Eds). Sistem Produksi Pertanian Ramah Lingkungan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional. Optimasi Sistem Produksi Pertanian Ramah Lingkungan Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan dan Agribisnis. Pusat Peneltian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan. Bogor. Sumarno, I.G. Ismail dan S. Partohardjono. 2000. Konsep usahatani ramah lingkungan. Dalam. Makarim, A.K. et al. (Eds). Tonggak Kemajuan Teknologi Produksi Tanaman Pangan. Konsep dan Strategis Peningkatan Produksi Pangan. Simposium Penelitian Tanaman Pangan IV. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan. Bogor. Sumarno, 2006. Sistem produksi padi berkelanjutan. Dalam Sumarno (Eds). Iptek Tanaman Pangan. Vol 1(1). Juli 2006. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan. Bogor. Sumaryanto, Wahida, dan M. Siregar. 2003. Determinan efisiensi teknis usahatani padi di lahan sawah irigasi. Jurnal Agro Ekonomi, 21(1).
168 Suprapto, Mulyadi dan A. Wihardjaka. 2002. Efisiensi pemupukan nitrogen pada tanaman pangan dan menekan pencemaran lingkungan. Dalam Soejitno et.al. (Eds). Sistem Produksi Pertanian Ramah Lingkungan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional. Optimasi Sistem Produksi Pertanian Ramah Lingkungan Mendukng Ketahanan Pangan dan Agribisnis. Pusat Peneltian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan. Bogor. Suprijadi, 2002. Pengaruh pupuk organik terhadap hasil padi. Dalam. Soejitno et.al. (Eds). Sistem Produksi Pertanian Ramah Lingkungan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional. Optimasi Sistem Produksi Pertanian Ramah Lingkungan Mendukung Ketahanan Pangan dan Agribisnis. Pusat Peneltian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan. Bogor. Surdianto, Y., S. Suriapermana, dan I. Nurhati. 2000. Efisiensi pemupukan N pada padi sawah berdasarkan bagan warna daun (BWD). Dalam. Suwarno (Eds). Tonggak Kemajuan Teknologi Tanaman Pangan. Paket dan Komponen Teknologi Produksi Padi. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan. Bogor Suriadikarta, D.A., D. Setyorini dan W. Hartatik. 2004. Uji Mutu dan Efektivitas Pupuk Alternatif Anorganik. Petunjuk Teknis. Badan Litbang Pertanian. Balai Penelitian Tanah. Bogor. Sylvia, D.M., J.J. Fuhrmann, P.G. Hartel, and D.A. Zuberer. 2005. Principles and Applications of Soil Microbiology. Second Edition. Pearson. Prentice Hall. New Jersey. Syukur, A., Sulakhudin, dan M. Suhardjo. 2007. Pengujian Efektivitas Pupuk Fosfat Alam untuk Tanaman Padi Sawah di Inceptisol. Makalah dipresentasikan dalam seminar hasil-hasil penelitian BPTP - INSTIPER Yogyakarta. Tanaka. K., Z. Kasai dan M. Ogawa. 1995. Physiology of Ripening. In. Matsuo, et al.(Edt). Science of Rice Plant (Vol-2) Physiology.
Taslim, H., S. Partohardjono, dan Djunainah. 1993. Bercocok Tanam Padi Sawah. Dalam. Ismunadji, et al. (Eds). Padi. Buku 2. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan. Bogor.h. 481-505. Taslim, H., S. Partohardjono, dan Subandi, 1993. Pemupukan Padi Sawah. Dalam. Ismunadji, et al. (Eds). Padi. Buku 2. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan. Bogor. h.445-479. Tejasarwana, R., A.M. Fagi, dan H. Taslim. 1986. Peningkatan efisiensi pupuk nitrogen pada padi sawah pp. 250-256. Seminar Hasil Penelitian Tanaman Pangan Volume 2 Padi. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan. Bogor. Trolldenier, G. 1995. Nitrifiers by Most Probable Number Method. Dalam Schinner, F. et al. (Eds). Methods in Soil Biology. Springer-Verlag Berlin. Heidelberg. 32-36.
169 UIE, 2007. Use Nitrification Inhibitors When Effective. University of Illinois Extention. College of Agriculture, Consumer and Environmental Sciences. (Download:20 Pebruari 2008).http://www.thisland.uiuc.edu/50ways5html. USDA, 1999. Soil Taxonomy. A Basic System of Soil Classification for Making and Interpreting Soil Surveys. Second Edition. United States Department of Agriculture. Natural Resources Conservation Service. Vermerris, W., and R. Nicholson. 2006. Phenolic Compound Biochemistry. Springer. The Netherlands. Wagner, H. 1984. Plant Drug Analysis a Thin Layer chromatography. Atlas. Springer-Verlag. P.22. Ward, B.B., K.J. Courtney and J.H. Langenheim. 1997. Inhibition of Nitrosomonas europea by monoterpenes from coastal redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) in whole-cell studies. Journal of Chemical Ecology. 23(11): 283-2598. White, C.S. 1991. The role of monoterpenes in soil nitrogen cycling processes in panderosa pine. Biogeochemistry 12: 43-68. Wood. Wilding, L. P.; N. E. Smeck; G. F. Hall. 1983. Genesis of Inceptisols. Pedogenesis and Soil Taxonomy : The Soil Orders. London: Elsevier Science, 1983. 375–379. Yan, X., Jin, J., He, P., and Liang, M. 2008. Recent advances on the technologies to increase fertilizer use efficiency. Agricultural Science in China.Vol. 7 (4). 469-479. Yoshida, S. 1981. Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science. The International Rice Research Institute. Los Banos. Laguna. Philippines.
