Asian shares in the NGV world is 61% for vehicles and 55% for stations

Number 70 December 2012

Asian shares in the NGV world is 61% for vehicles and 55% for stations

Indonesia Pertamina's role in the country's NGV programme

IEA Natural gas spot market in Asia

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December 2012

Summary 4 Asian NGV Communications is a publication of NGV Communications Group, publishing house and fairs-conferences organizer: www.ngvgroup.com In Europe, we print The Gas Vehicles Report, GVR, and www.ngvguide.com, the International NGV Guide. In Argentina, the Group publishes Prensa Vehicular, Argentine CNG Guide, maps, books and brochures while in Brazil, Folha do GNV, Brazilian NGV Guide, maps and posters, among others. In Peru Prensa Vehicular Peru. More info: www.ngvgroup.com The signed articles are exclusive responsibility of the authors, as well as advertising companies and agencies are responsible for the published ads. is member of the ANGVA (Asia Pacific NGV Association)

KOREA 300-5, Changchon-Ri, Namsan-Myun Chuncheon-Si, Kangwon-Do, 200-911 Phone +82 33 260 3456 Fax +82 33 260 3459 [email protected] www.ngvjournal.com ITALY Vicolo Gonzaga 13 ■ 46045 Marmirolo (Mn) Phone +39 0376 294055 [email protected] www.ngvjournal.com ARGENTINA Uspallata 711 ■ CP 1268 ■ Capital Federal Phone/Fax: +54 11 43074559 /5201/ 43006137 [email protected] www.ngvjournal.com Printed: Brapack • Saraza 1354 - Buenos Aires, Argentina

Asian and world NGV reviews, October 2012

This year, 83 countries from 5 (sub) regions are listed in the statistics: Asia and Eurasia, Africa, Europe, North America, and Central & South America.

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IEA suggested natural gas spot market

IEA executive director Maria van der Hoeven believes that Asia should establish a regional spot market for natural gas trading. Having a regional ...

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IEA cuts demand growth forecasts for oil

The International Energy Agency (IEA) has trimmed down its global crude oil demand growth forecast for this year and 2013, following OPEC and the ...

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Pertamina, towards vehicular fuel switching to natural gas

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OEM Page: Honda, Maruti , Volkswagen and Tata

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Sales of CNG kits in Thailand is expected to grow to near 10 percent

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LNG bus growth in China

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Pimpri-Chinchwad City to get more compressed natural gas stations

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From other regions: Cummins Westport’s and MobilityWorks

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ANGVA joined NGV Safety Awareness Campaign in Malaysia

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Asian NGV statistics

Copies distribution We print and mail to 24 Asian countries around 4,000 hard copies addressed to conversion centres, Oil & Gas companies, OEM NGVs, governmental related offices, filling station owners, equipment suppliers, related associations and industries. In addition, the electronic version of the magazine is sent to more than 15,000 global NGV contacts in 94 countries. This e-version is also available for free download to all visitors of www.ngvjournal.com. Below is the list of hard copy receivers. Armenia

Australia Azerbaijan Bangladesh China Egypt India Indonesia Iran Israel Japan Kazakhstan Korea Malaysia Myanmar (Burma) New Zealand Pakistan The Philippines Russia

Singapore Taiwan Thailand Turkey United Arab Emirates Vietnam If your NGV business is in Asia, the Pacific, and the Middle East, advertise with us! Asian NGV Communications 300-5, Changchon –Ri, Namsan-Myun, Chuncheon-Si, Gangwon-Do, 200-911 South Korea Tel. +82 33 260 3456 Email: [email protected] www.asiangv.com, www.ngvjournal.com

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December 2012

Asian and world NGV reviews, October 2012 This year, 83 countries from 5 (sub) regions are listed in the statistics: Asia and Eurasia, Africa, Europe, North America, and Central & South America. The collected figures in October 2012 recorded around 16.5 million NGVs and 21,200 natural gas filling station in use. This year, NGV sector experienced a modest-yet positive-growth in both vehicles and filling station segments. While from 2002 to 2010 the growth for vehicles and station markets varies from 17-41 percent and 10-20 percent respectively, year 2011 showed a 13 percent growth for vehicle and 10 percent for station, while during 2012, only 11 percent and 3 percent growth were recorded. However, by October 2012, only 34 countries of the total 83 nations have altered their NGV statistics for the year, while in 2011 no less than 70 countries submitted their updates. In 2010, 76 countries have updated their NGV figures for the year. Although the actual end year (December 2012) figures and this year growth rate will be somewhat bigger than the above-mentioned data, there are only few countries among those that have not submitted their 2012 updates historically shown a significant growth of up to around 1-20,000 more units of NGVs, such as: Armenia, Bolivia, France, Sweden, Switzerland, Uzbekistan, and Venezuela.

The vehicle segment With at least 1.7 million more vehicles added during December 2011 to October 2012, we now have around 16.5 million methane vehicles on the road. Good news from the Medium to Heavy-Duty (MD-HD) NGVs sector: this year the MD-HD Vehicles (MD-HDVs) segments which mainly buses and trucks showed a big growth of a whooping 56 percent and 40 percent respectively, compared to last year's growth of only 8 and 21 percent. Number of MD-HD buses increased by around 252,500 units from 449,011 in 2011 to 701,490 by October this year. Number of MD-HD trucks increased by 103,300 units from 260,300 last year to 363,600. The LDVs and cars market increased by 10 percent or more than 1.3 million units from 13.8 million last

year to 15.1 million in October 2012. The LDVs/cars segment is the only segment of the three that recorded a slower growth (although way bigger in number) as 2011 saw a 12 percent growth compared to this year's 10 percent. The MD-HD buses and trucks growth in 2011 was 8 and 21 percent respectively compared to the abovementioned 56 and 40 percent for the period of December 2011- October 2012. The "other vehicles' types have grown from 230,500 in 2010 to 260,000 in 2011 and 271,000 in October 2012. Most of those vehicles are CNG three-wheelers in Asia with few LNG or dual fuel LNG ships/boats (Asia and Europe), CNG fork lifts and ice scrappers (Japan, Europe), etc.

The refuelling segment In the filling station side, 3 percent more stations (645 units; of which 528 in Asia) were added. The number increased from 20,594 in 2011 to 21,239 units this year. Most of the new-added stations were opened in China; expected and estimated to reach 400 additional units by year end. Around 250 of those are CNG and 150 are LNG filling stations. Apart from the fact that most countries (49 nations) are yet to submit their 2012 numbers, the low growth in the station sector was caused by, amongst others, much lesser number of natural gas stations being built in Argentina, Brazil,

Iran, Pakistan, etc, which in the recent past known as big players in this segment (in term of building new stations). Iran added around 300 stations in 2011, but only built 100 more by summer this year. Pakistan has added 300-600 new CNG filling facilities per year, in the past. In 2011, only around 30 new facilities were installed due to restriction of construction of new CNG stations, followed by complete ban this year. Argentina and Brazil used to add around 100 stations each in the past, but only added tens of stations of stations this year. Around 100 stations were built in 2011 in Argentina, while less than 10 new stations were recorded by June this year (1,911 stations in October 2011 increased to 1,918 units by June 2012). Brazil has been experiencing slower growth since past few years. Both countries have a big refuelling network of around 1,900 and 1,800 stations respectively. Both are still occupying top-ten world's largest NGV nations and still booking positive growth in terms of vehicles and station. Bangladesh CNG-for-transport sector has been somewhat pending since 2011 due to lack of gas supply. Nevertheless, 100 stations were reported to be installed in 2011, but no new (significant) addition made within this year.

Top-10 largest countries In terms of world's largest NGV

December 2012 countries, the followings are listed in the 10 highest (vehicle) ranking: Pakistan, Iran, Argentina, Brazil, India, China, Italy, Ukraine, Colombia, and Thailand. Despite of various ban (CNG vehicle and station equipment) and lack of gas supply, Pakistan is still occupying the 1st position in the NGV ladder with around 3.1 million NGVs. Various unofficial resources mentioned that the current NGV population was around 2.8 million as some switch back to petrol fuels due to unavailability of gas. Iran has 2.9 million NGVs by June 2012, while Argentina and Brazil have 2.1 and 1.7 million each, within the same month. India has 1.5 million NGVs by February, with China reportedly to have 1.2-1.5 million of these vehicles in October 2012. Italy has 785,000 units in January 2012, Ukraine with 388,000 in May, and Thailand continues growing with its 353,000 methane vehicles in June.

Gas consumption Globally, the "theoretical annual gas consumption" for 2012 is around 61.6 million Nm3. Last year it was around 48 million Nm3, while in 2010 was 44 million Nm3. The “theoretical gas consumption” is calculating total monthly consumption based on the following reference numbers: IF cars consume 180, buses 3000, trucks 800, and other vehicles 50 Nm3 per month. There is, of course, a huge difference between different truck types. A 44 ton truck may consume up to 8,000 (not 800) Nm3 per month. This is particularly commonly-applicable for Australia, for example. LNG and dual fuel diesel/LNG ships consumes way bigger amount of gas than all of the above-mentioned reference volumes. As mentioned above, the real end-year number for both NGVs and stations populations must have been bigger than presented in our statistics as several countries have not reviewed their NGV fleet and fuelling population. See also the dates of update and figures in the statistics at the last page of this magazine.

Asian region As per Asian NGV Communications' statistics updated in October 2012, there are around 10.1 million NGVs with 11,600 natural gas filling stations in Asia. The "Greater Asian" statistics consist of 26 countries of which 22 from the Asia-Pacific and 4 from Eurasia

5 sub-region (Armenia, Georgia, Turkey, and Russia). More than 1.35 million NGVs were added in this region this year compared to 1.27 million added last year. Twelve countries have submitted their 2012 updates compared to 21 in 2011 (and 18 in 2010). Looking at the above mentioned information, in which more NGVs added this year while fewer countries updated their figures, we can assume that this year has been a reasonably good year in terms of NGVs adoption. On the contrary, in the fuelling segment, only 528 methane stations added this year compared to 1,462 units last year. In the top-ten largest NGV countries (based on number of vehicles), five of those are from Asia, three from South America, and two from Europe. In fact, Pakistan and Iran from South Asia are in the first and second position since 2010. Both have more than 2 million NGVs since that year. This year, Pakistan has 3.1 million methane vehicles on the road, while Iran has 2.9 million. Most of the NGVs are public and private cars/LDVs: 94 percent for Pakistan and more than 99 percent for Iran. Pakistan has established 3,330 CNG filling stations and some of those have been closed (temporarily or in rotations with other stations during certain days or weeks) due to shortage in gas supply. Iran has more than 1,900 CNG filling stations by June 2012. The fifth and sixth largest NGV nations, India and China, have 1.5 million and 1.2 million NGVs respectively. India joined the club of “1+ million" NGV countries in December 2010, while China joined in this year. Although cars/LDVs hold the major share in these (local) NGV markets, it is worth mentioning that the largest CNG bus fleet "owns by one operator" - Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC)-located in India. The DTC will even get an additional of 1,100 new dedicated-CNG buses within India's next Financial Year. India's methane cars/LDVs share is almost 98 percent (might already including three-wheelers), while the MD-HD buses is 1.5 percent and the rest are MD-HD trucks and "other" types of vehicles. The government and local authoritative body from the auto/vehicle industry issued several new regulations and standards to increase vehicles safety and performance. This has slightly slow downed the growth of NGV adoption especially in the after-market conversion segment.

Meanwhile, China's methane cars/LDVs share is 66 percent, with 25 percent of MD-HD buses, 5 percent of MD-HD trucks, and 4 percent--or around 50,000 units-- of "other vehicles" (unidentified types of NGVs that might include a mix of LDVs, buses, and trucks). India has 724 CNG filling facilities by February this year and continues adding more stations in existing and "new" NGV cities/areas. While occupying the 6th position in the largest NGV-countries list, China owns one of the world's largest methane gas filling station facilities. In fact, with 2,800 CNG and LNG stations, it is only second to Pakistan, in terms of gas refuelling population. Thailand, this year's 10th largest NGV country, has been joining the" top-10" club since 2009. By September 2012, this country has around 253,000 NGVs, of which almost 83 percent is cars/LDVs (taxis and private cars), 4.5 percent is MD-HD buses, 12 percent MD-HD trucks, and 0.5 percent of "other vehicles» (consist of 5 ferries, 28 LNG passenger ships, and 12 cargo ships). Back to the regional reviews, the total NGV population growth in Asia for this year is 13 percent, equal to 1.35 million vehicles (10.1 million this year versus 8.7 million last year). Segment-wise, 13 percent growth was recorded for cars/LDVs (adding 1.18 million units), 33 percent for MD-HD buses (around 140,000), 18 percent for MD-HD trucks (over 38,000), and the rest are "others" vehicles (121 units). In the fuelling side, 5 percent growth was registered. Most of the stations are opened for public. Asian market share in the world is 61 percent for NGVs and 55 percent for methane filling station. Asia will remain holding the highest position in the largest NGV region in the near future. However, few Asian countries are showing slow-down trend especially with Pakistan government’s plan to phased out CNG for luxurious-private cars and construction restrictions for new CNG stations, and Bangladesh stagnant NGV movement since around a year ago. Nevertheless, other major and small NGV countries have been showing more active movements recently. Europe as well as South America show a stable positive growth and becoming more and more active. North America, especially the US, is expected to grow fast within a short period of time.

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December 2012

아시아와 세계 NGV 고찰, 2012년 10월 올해, 통계자료에 5개의 지역에서 83개의 국가가 기록되었 다. : 아시아 및 유라시아, 아프리카, 유럽, 북미, 중남미. 2012년 10월에 수집된 수치로 약 1,650만대의 NGV 와 21,200개의 천연가스 충전소가 사용되고 있는 것으로 기록 되었다. 올해, NGV 부문은 차량과 충전소 부분 모두 보통의 – 긍적 적인- 성장을 경험했다. 2002년에서 2010년 동안 자동차와 충전소 시장이 각각 17-41% 및 10-20%로 성장하였는데, 2011년에는 차량 13% , 충전소 10% 성장을 보였고, 2012 년에는 단지 11%와 3% 성장이 기록되었다. 그러나, 2011년 70개 정도의 국가가 변화가 있는 것으로 업 데이트된 반면, 2012년 10월, 전체 83개의 국가 중 오직 34 개 국가만 그들의 NGV 통계를 변경했다. 2010년, 76개 국 가가 그들의 NGV 수치를 업데이트 했다. 실제 연말의 (2012년 12월) 올해 성장율은 위에서 언급한 데이터 보다 약간 클 것으로 예상되지만, 약 1-20,000대 이 상의 NGV 성장을 보인 아르메니아, 볼리비아, 프랑스, 스웨 덴, 스위스, 우즈베키스탄 및 베네수엘라 같은 몇 국가에서 도 2012년에는 업데이트를 제출하지 않았다.

차량 부문 2011년 12월에서 2012년 10월 동안에 최소 170만대 이상 의 차량이 추가되어, 현재 도로에는 약 1,650만대의 메탄 차량이 운행되고 있다. 중대형(MD-HD) NGV 분야의 좋은 소식 – 지난해 단지 각 각 8%와 21%의 성장에 비해, 올해에는 주로 버스와 트럭의 중대형 차량 (MD-HDVs) 분야에서, 56%와 40%의 큰 성장 을 보였다. 중대형 버스의 수량은 2011년 449,011대에서 2012년 10월 701,490대로 약 252,500대 증가하였다. 중대형 트럭의 수 량은 약 103,300대 증가하여 지난해 260,300대에서 올해 363,600대가 되었다. LDV와 승용차 시장은 10% 또는 130 만대 이상 증가하여 지난해 1,380만대에서 2012년 10월 1,510만대가 되었다. LDV/승용차 부문은 2011년 12% 성장과 올해 10%의 성장 에서 보여지는 것처럼 느리게 성장 (숫자가 클지라도)하는 부문이다. 중대형 버스와 트럭은 위에서 언급하였듯이 2010-2011년 각각 8-21% 성장과 비교하여 2012년 동안 에는 56-40%로 성장하였다. “기타 차량” 유형은 2010년 230,500대에서 2011년 260,000대, 2012년 10월 271,000대로 성장했다. 이 차량 대부분은 약간의 LNG 또는 혼용연료 (Dual Fuel) LNG 선박/보트(아시아와 유럽), CNG 지게차와 아이스 스 크래퍼(일본, 유럽) 등과 함께 아시아의 CNG 3륜 차이다.

충전 부문 충전소 측면은, 3%이상의 충전소(645개; 아시아 528개)가 추가 되었다. 숫자는 2011년 20,594개에서 올해 21,239개 로 증가했다. 새로 추가되는 충전소 대부분은 중국에서 개설되었다. : 올

해 말까지 400개가 추가될 것으로 예상된다. 그 중 약 250 개는 CNG 충전소이고 150개는 LNG 충전소이다. 대부분의 국가(49개국)가 그들의 2012년 수량을 아직 제출 하지 않은 것과는 별도로, 충전소 분야의 낮은 성장은 최근 에 이 분야에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려진 (새로운 충전 소 건설의 부분) 아르헨티나, 브라질, 이란, 파키스탄 등에 건설 중인 천연가스 충전소 수가 많지 않기 때문이다. 이란은 2011년 약 300개의 충전소가 증가되었지만, 올해 여름까지 단지 100개 이상을 건설하였다. 파키스탄은 예전 에 연간 300-600개의 새로운 CNG 충전소 시설을 추가했 다. 2012년 전면 금지법에 따라 신규 CNG 충전소의 건설 제한 으로 인해 2011년에는 단지 약 30개의 새로운 시설만이 설 치 되었다. 아르헨티나와 브라질은 예전에 각각 약 100개의 충전소가 추가되어 사용되었지만, 올해 단지 10개의 충전소만 추가 되었다. 아르헨티나에서는 약 100개의 충전소가 2011사이에 지어 졌다. 그러나 올해 6월까지 단지 10개 미만의 새로운 충전 소가 기록되었다. (2011년 10월 1,911개의 충전소가 2012 년 6월에 1,918개로 증가되었다.) 브라질은 지난 몇 년 동안 느린 성장을 경험하고 있다. 두 나라는 각각 1,900개와 1,800개의 큰 충전소 네트워크를 갖추고 있다. 이들 두 나라는 여전히 세계 최대 규모의 NGV 국가 상위 10위를 차지하고, 차량과 충전소 측면에서 긍정 적인 성장을 기록하고 있다.. 방글라데시 교통 CNG 부문은 2011년부터 가스공급의 부족 으로 인해 지체되고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 2011년에 100개의 충전소가 설치되었다. 그러나 올해에는 신규(중요 한) 추가 계획이 없다.

상위 10위 국가 세계 최대 규모의 NGV 국가는 다음과 같이 10개의 높은-(

December 2012 자동차수단) 순위로 나열된다- : 파키스탄, 이란, 아르헨티 나, 브라질, 인도, 중국, 이탈리아, 우크라이나, 콜롬비아, 태국. 여러가지 금지사항(CNG 차량과 충전소 장비)과 가스 공급 부족에도 불구하고 파키스탄은 아직 약 310만대의 NGV를 보유하고 NGV의 사다리 역할을 하는 국가로 1위를 차지하 고 있다. 다양한 비공식 자료에 의하면, 현재 가스를 넣을 수 없으므 로 인해 가솔린 연료로 돌아갈 수 밖에 없는 NGV 인구는 약 280만이다. 2012년 6월 이란은 290만대, 아르헨티나는 210만대, 브라 질은 170만대의 NGV를 가지고 있다. 인도는 2월에 150만 대, 중국은 2012년 10월에 120-150만대의 NGV를 기록했 다. 이탈리아는 2012년 1월에 785,000대, 우크라이나는 5 월에 388,000대, 태국은 6월에 353,000대로 메탄 차량이 계속 증가하고 있다.

가스 소비량 전 서계적으로 2012년 “이론적 연간 가스 소비량”은 약 6,160만 Nm3 이다. 2010년 4,400만 Nm3이고 지난해 4,800만 Nm3이다. “이론적 가스 소비량”은 다음과 같은 수량을 참고하여 월별 총 소비량을 계산한다. : 승용차는 180, 버스는 3,000, 트럭은 800, 그리고 다른 차량은 50Nm3 를 매달 소비한다. 물론 트럭 종류에 따라 큰 차이 는 있는 것은 사실이다. 44톤 트럭은 한 달에 8,000 (800이 아닌)Nm3을 소비할 수 있다. 이것은 예를 들어 호주에 일반 적인 경우에 해당된다. LNG 와 디젤/LNG 혼용 선박은 위에 언급한 모든 참고량 보다 더 많은 양을 소모한다. 위에서 언급한 바와 같이, NGV와 충전소에 대한 실제 연말 수량은 NGV 차량과 충전소 수를 검토하지 않은 여러 국가 들로 인해 우리 통계에서 제시된 것 보다 클 수밖에 없다. 잡지의 마지막 페이지에서 업데이트 날짜와 통계 수치를 확 인해라.

아시아 지역 2012년 10월 업데이트 된 아시안 NGV 통신 통계에 따르면, 아시아에 11,600개의 천연 가스 충전소와 함께 1,010만대 의 NGV가 있다. “위대한 아시안” 통계는 아시아 태평양 22 개와 유라시아 하위 지역 4개 (아르메니아, 그루지아, 터키, 러시아)의 26개 나라로 이루어 진다. 작년 127만대 추가에 이어 올해 이 지역에 135만대 이상의 NGV가 추가되었다. 2011년 21개(2010년 18개)에 비교하여 2012년에 12개의 나라가 그들의 업데이트를 제출했다. 위에 언급한 내용에서 보면, 올해 몇 개의 나라에서만 그들의 수치를 업데이트 한 반면 많은 NGV 가 추가되어, 올해 NGV의 채택의 관점에서 상당히 좋은 해였다고 우리는 예상할 수 있다. 한편, 연료충전 부문에서, 작년에 1,462개와 비교하여 올해 는 단지 528개의 메탄 충전소가 추가 되었다. 상위 10의 NGV 국가들(차량의 수를 기초로 함)은 아시아에 서 5개국, 남미에서 3개국, 유럽에서 2개 국가이다. 사실, 남아시아에서 파키스탄과 이란은 2010년부터 1위와 2위 자리에 있다. 둘 다 그해 200만 NGV 이상의 NGV를 보 유하고 있다. 올해 파키스탄은 도로에 310만대, 이란은 290 만대의 메탄 차량이 운행되고 있다. NGV의 대부분은 공공 및 민간 /소형차 이다 : 파키스탄은 94%, 이란은 99% 이상. 파키스탄은 3,300개의 CNG 충전소를 설립하고, 가스공급 부족으로 인해 그 중 일부는 (일시적으로 또는 특정 일이나

7 주를 정하여 다른 충전소와 교대) 폐쇄했다. 이란은 2012년 6월 1,900대 이상의 CNG 충전소를 갖고 있 다. 최대 NGV 국가의 5위 6위인 인도와 중국은 각각 150만 대와 120만대의 NGV를 갖고 있다. 인도는 2010년 12월 100만대 이상 NGV 국가로 가입했고, 중국은 올해 가입되었 다. 이 곳(지역) NGV 시장에세는 소형 자동차가 대부분이긴 하지만, 가장 많은 CNG 버스를 “한 회사가 소유-한 – 델리 교통 (DTC)-이 인도에 위치하고 있다라는 것을 언급 할 만 하다. DTC는 인도의 다음 회계 년도 내에 1,100개의 새로 운 전소 CNG 버스를 추가할 예정이다. 인도의 소형 메탄 자동차는 거의 98% (3륜차도 확실히 포함된 것)이고, 1.5% 의 중대형 버스 그리고 나머지는 중대형 트럭과 “기타” 종 류의 자동차이다. 자동차 산업에서 정부와 지방 자치단체는 차량의 안전과 성 능을 향상하기 위해 여러가지 새로운 규정 및 기준을 발표 했다. 이것은 NGV 시장의 성장을 느리게 하고 있는데, 특히 사후 개조 분야에서 영향이 크다. 반면, 중국의 소형 메탄 자동차는 25%의 중대형 버스, 5% 의 중대형 트럭과 4% ( 또는 50,000대)의 “기타 차량” (LDVs, 버스, 트럭의 믹스를 포함하는 NGVs의 정체불명의 타입)과 함께 66%이다. 인도는 올해 2월 724개의 CNG 충전 시설이 있으며, 기존에 시설이 있는 지역과 “새로운” NGV 도시/지역에 더 많은 충 전소를 계속 추가하고 있다. 많은 NGV 국가에서 6위를 차 지하고 있는 중국은 세계에서 가장 많은 메탄 가스 충전소 시설을 소유하고 있는 나라 중 하나이다. 실제로 가스 충전 소 보유수 측면에서 2,800개의 CNG와 LNG 충전소를 가지 고 있어 파키스탄 다음으로 두 번째이다. 올해 10위 NGV 국가인 태국은 2009년부터 “상위 10위” 클 럽에 가입했다. 2012년 9월, 이 나라는 약 253,000대의 NGV가 있다. 83%는 소형 자동차(택시와 개인 자동차), 4.5%는 중대형 버스, 12%는 중대형 트럭, 0.5%는 “기타차 량” (5개의 여객선, 28대의 여객 선박과 12개의 화물 선박 으로 구성) 이다. 지역 보고로 돌아가서, 올해 아시아의 NGV 인구 성장은 13%, 135만 차량 (작년 870만대 대비 올해 1,010만대) 이 다. 13% 성장이 자동차/LDVs (118만대 추가)가 기록되었고, 33%의 중대형버스 (약 14만대), 18%의 중대형 트럭 (38,000대 이상)과 나머지는 “기타” 차량(121대) 이다. 충전 측면에서는 5% 성장이 기록되었다. 충전소의 대부분 은 대중에게 오픈 되어 있다. 전 세계에서 아시아는 61%의 NGV와 55%의 메탄 충전소 시장을 가지고 있다. 아시아는 미래에 가장 큰 NGV 지역에 서 가장 높은 위치를 점유하고 유지할 것이다. 그러나, 약간 의 아시아 국가는 속도가 둔화되고 있다. 특히 파키스탄 정 부는 CNG 고급 개인 자동차를 허용하지 않고 새로운 충전 소를 위한 건설 제한을 단계적으로 도입하기 위한 계획을 가지고 있다. 그리고 약 1년 전부터 방글라데시는 NGV 시 장이 정체 되었다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 다른 주요하고 작은 NGV 나라는 최근에 더 활발한 움직임을 보이고 있다. 남미 뿐만 아니라 유럽에서도 안정적이고 긍정적인 성장이 이루어지고, 점점 더 활발하게 진행되고 있는 것을 보여준 다. 북미, 특히 미국은 짧은 기간 안에 빠른 성장을 할 것으 로 예상된다.

8

December 2012

亚洲及世界NGV回顾，2012年10月今年的统计数据，来自亚洲、欧亚地区、非洲、欧洲、北美洲的83个国家。2012年10月的统计数据显示，全球约有1650 万辆NGV，21200座加气站。今年，NGV汽车数量与加气站数量都稳步增长。2002年到 2010年间，NGV汽车数量和加气站数量的年增长率分别达到 17%-41%和10%-20%。2011年，则分别比前一年增长了 13%和10%，而2012年比2011年又分别增长了11%和3%。到2012年10月，83个国家中仅有34个国家更新了今年的相关数据。而2011年则有不少于70个国家都更新了数据。2010年有76个国家更新本国的NGV相关数据。目前到年底还有一段时间，今年的增长率会略高于上述数据。只有少数国家没有提供2012年更新数据。如，亚美尼亚、玻利维亚、法国、瑞典、瑞士、乌兹别克斯坦、委内瑞拉。从历史数据看，这些国家的NGV增长量应在1-20,000辆之间。

NGV汽车 2011年12月至2012年10月间，至少新增170多万辆NGV。目前约有1650万辆NGV被使用。

气站网络，阿根廷拥有约1900个，巴西拥有约1800个。两国依然位列世界前十大NGV国家之中。

来自中重型NGV方面的好消息：今年巴士和卡车出现较大增长，分别是56%和40%，去年仅增长8%和21%。

2011年以来，受到供气不足的影响，孟加拉的CNG运输部门发展缓慢，2011年，新建了100个加气站，到今年还没有更新数据。

2011年，中重型巴士数量为449011辆，到今年10月为 701490辆，约增加了252500辆。中重型卡车从去年的 260300辆增加到363600辆，增加了103300辆。2012年10月，LDV和汽车市场由去年的1380万辆增加到现在的1510万辆，约增长10%，约130万辆。 LDV和轿车发展相对缓慢。2011年，增长12%，今年增长 10%。MD-HD巴士和卡车在2011年，分别增长8%和21%，而2012，分别增长56%和40%。其他类型：2010年230500辆，2011年260000辆，2012年10 月271000辆。车型主要是CNG三轮驱动车（亚洲）、少数是 LNG或者双燃料LNG船只（亚洲、欧洲）、CNG叉车和冰刮（日本、欧洲）等。

NGV加气站加气站由2011年的20594个增长到21239个，新增了3%（ 645个，其中亚洲有528个）。其中大多数加气站是中国新建的。预计年底还要新增400个。约250个CNG加气站，150个LNG加气站。多数国家（49个）还未提交他们2012年的数据。主要原因是天然气加气站新建数量不多，类似情况发生在阿根廷、巴西、伊朗、巴基斯坦等国。其中有些加气站还在建设中。 2011年，伊朗新增300个加气站。但是到今年夏天，仅新建了100个加气站。巴基斯坦曾经每年新建300-600个CNG加气站，由于受到今年出台的新建CNG加气站标准的限制，2011 年，仅建了30个加气站。阿根廷和巴西曾经每年新建100个加气站，而今年仅建了10个。 2011年，阿根廷建成了约100个加气站，到今年6月仅为不到 10个（由2011年10月的1911个增加到2012年6月的1918个）。巴西近几年发展缓慢。阿根廷和巴西均拥有比较完善的加

十大NGV国家全球十大NGV国家，根据NGV保有量排序，依次是巴基斯坦、伊朗、阿根廷、巴西、印度、中国、意大利、乌克兰、哥伦比亚、泰国。巴基斯坦尽管受到国内各种CNG汽车、加气站设备条款的限制和供气不足的影响，依然位列NGV国家十大之首，拥有310万辆NGV。一些非官方统计表示，国内现有NGV大约是280万辆，有些改装车因为供气点不足，已经改回汽油车了。 2012年6月的数据显示，伊朗拥有290万辆NGV，阿根廷拥有 210万辆，巴西拥有170万辆。印度拥有150万辆（2月数据），中国120-150万辆（2012年10月数据）。意大利拥有 785000辆（2012年1月数据），乌克兰拥有388000辆（5月数据），泰国拥有353000辆（6月数据）。

天然气消耗量 2012年的全球”理论年度天然气消耗量”是6160万立方米。去年约4800万立方米，2010年是4400万立方米。理论年度天然气消耗量是根据以下数据得出：汽车每月消耗180，巴士每月消耗3000，其他车辆每月消耗50。当然不同种类的卡车消耗量是不同的。一辆44吨卡车每月也许需要消耗8000，而不是800。这种情况在澳大利亚很常见。LNG、双燃料船的消耗量更大。正如上面提到的，由于部分国家没有更新NGV和加气站的数据，到年底的实际数字肯定要比现在的统计数量多。更新日期和统计数字详见杂志最后一页。

亚洲地区根据亚洲NGV通讯（2012年10月刊）的数据统计，亚洲拥有 1010万辆NGV，11600个天然气加气站。

December 2012

9

“大亚洲”地区的统计数据中包括22个亚太地区国家，4个欧亚大陆地区国家（亚美尼亚、佐治亚、土耳其、俄罗斯）。该地区去年增加了127万辆NGV，今年新增135万辆NGV。目前已有12个国家更新了数据。2011年有21个国家，2010年有 18个国家。根据今年更新的数据，我们可以看到，NGV在各国发展比较平稳。

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今年仅增加了528个加气站，而去年一年就增加了1462个。

A

全球十大NGV国家（根据拥有的NGV数量）中有5个亚洲国家，3个南美洲国家，2个欧洲国家。

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事实上，巴基斯坦和伊朗这两个南亚国家从2010年就一直稳居世界十大NGV国家的1、2名了。全年，两国均拥有超过 200万辆NGV。今年，巴基斯坦已经拥有310万辆NGV，伊朗拥有290万辆NGV。大部分NGV是公共交通工具、私家车、 LDV，其比例分别是，巴基斯坦94%，伊朗99%。巴基斯坦拥有3330个加气站，其中一些因供气不足，暂时关闭的，还有轮流开放的。 2012年6月，伊朗已经拥有超过1900个加气站。第5大和第6 大NGV国家，印度和中国，分别拥有150万辆和120万辆NGV 。印度于2010年12月加入了 “百万级NGV”国家行列，中国今年也加入了该行列。轿车和LDV占当地NGV市场的主流，约占98%（可能包括三轮车），MD-HD巴士占1.5%，剩下的是MD-HD卡车和其他类型车辆。值得一提的是，当地唯一一家专门生产CNG巴士的厂家—德里运输公司（DTC）将从政府得到1100辆CNG公交车的订单。政府和当地汽车权威部门制定了一系列新规定和标准，以提高车辆的安全性和性能。规定的出台稍微限制了NGV，尤其是改装市场的发展速度。

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中国的天然气汽车和LDV占市场的66%，MD-HD巴士占25% ，MD-HD卡车占5%，其他类型车辆占4%，约50000辆，其中包括LDV、巴士和卡车的混合类型。根据2012年2月数据，印度现在拥有724个加气站，新的NGV 城市、地区还在不断增加。排名第6的中国拥有世界最大的天然气加气站。中国拥有2800个CNG、LNG加气站，仅次于巴基斯坦之后，位列第二。泰国2009年就加入了世界十大NGV俱乐部。到2012年9月，泰国已经拥有253000辆NGV。其中天然气汽车和LDV占83% ，包括出租车和私家车，MD-HD巴士占4.5%，MD-HD卡车占12%，其他类型车辆占0.5%，包括5艘渡船、28艘客船、 12艘货船。今年，亚洲地区NGV数量增加了235万辆，增长了13%（去年NGV数量增加了101万辆，增长了8.7%）

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其中包括天然气汽车和LDV占13%，约118万辆， MD-HD巴士占33%，约140000辆， MD-HD卡车占18%，约38000辆，其他类型车辆121辆。加气站方面，增长了5%。大多数加气站只为公共交通工具服务。亚洲是世界最大的NGV地区。目前亚洲市场占世界NGV市场的61%，加气市场的55%。但是有少数亚洲国家出现了发展趋缓的情况，如因巴基斯坦政府逐步淘汰CNG豪华私家车，并限制建设新的CNG加气站而使得巴基斯坦的NGV发展趋缓，孟加拉NGV去年也停滞不前。但是主要NGV国家和新兴 NGV国家都在积极发展本国NGV。欧洲、南美洲呈现稳步发展势头，越来越活跃。北美洲，尤其是美国，在短期内也会有快速的发展。

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Pergerakan pasar kendaraan LNG-dan-CNG di Asia Tahun ini, 83 negara dari 5 regio tercantum dalam statistik NGV: Asia dan Eurasia, Afrika, Eropa, Amerika Utara, dan Amerika Tengah & Selatan. Menurut data di Asian NGV Communications edisi Oktober 2012, ada sekitar 16,5 juta NGVs dan 21.200 stasiun pengisian gas alam digunakan. Tahun ini, sektor NGV mengalami sedikit pertumbuhan positif baik di segmen kendaraan dan SPBU. Sementara pertumbuhan pasar di tahun 2002-2010 di bidang kendaraan dan stasiun berkisar sebanyak 17-41 persen dan 10-20 persen, tahun 2011 menunjukkan pertumbuhan 13 persen untuk kendaraan dan 10 persen untuk stasiun, sedangkan selama tahun 2012, hanya 11 persen dan 3 persen. Namun, pada bulan Oktober 2012, hanya 34 negara dari 83 negara telah mendaftarkan update statistik mereka untuk tahun ini, sedangkan pada tahun 2011 tidak kurang dari 70 negara telah diupdate. Pada tahun 2010, 76 negara telah melaporkan pembaharuan angka NGV mereka untuk tahun yang bersangkutan. Meskipun jumlah akhir dan pertumbuhan aktual pada akhir tahun (Desember 2012) akan sedikit lebih besar dari angka yang disebutkan di atas, dari negara-negara yang belum melaporkan updatenya, hanya ada beberapa negara yang menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang signifikan hingga sekitar 1 - 20.000 lebih unit NGVs, seperti: Armenia, Bolivia, Perancis, Swedia, Swiss, Uzbekistan, dan Venezuela.

Segmen kendaraan Dengan setidaknya 1,7 juta lebih kendaraan ditambahkan selama Desember 2011 hingga Oktober 2012, jumlan kendaraan BBG (Bahan Bakar Gas=NGV) menjadi 16,5 juta unit. Segmen Medium dan Heavy-Duty (MD-HD) NGVs mengalami peningkatan besar: tahun ini Kendaraan MD-HD terutama bus dan truk menunjukkan pertumbuhan sebesar 56 persen dan 40 persen. Tahun lalu jumlah MD-HD bus meningkat sebanyak 8 persen dan 21 persen bagi truk. Jumlah MD-HD bus meningkat sekitar 252.500 unit dari 449.011 pada tahun 2011 menjadi 701.490 pada bulan

Oktober tahun ini. Jumlah MD-HD truk meningkat sebesar 103.300 unit dari 260.300 tahun lalu menjadi 363.600. LDVs dan pasar mobil meningkat sebesar 10 persen atau lebih dari 1,3 juta unit dari 13,8 juta tahun lalu menjadi 15,1 juta pada bulan Oktober 2012. Bagi segmen LDVs/mobil mencatat pertumbuhan yang lebih lambat (tetapi dalam jumlah unit yang lebih besar) dibanding tahun lalu :12 persen di tahun 2011dibandingkan dengan 10 persen tahun ini. Segmen MD-HD bus dan truk masing-masing mengalami pertumbuhan sebanyak 8 dan 21 persen di tahun 2011 dibandingkan dengan 56 dan 40 persen untuk periode akhir tahun 2011- Oktober 2012 seperti yang disebutkan di atas. Jenis "kendaraan lain" ("other vehicles") telah tumbuh dari 230.500 pada tahun 2010 menjadi 260.000 pada tahun 2011 dan 271.000 pada bulan Oktober 2012. Sebagian dari kendaraan tersebut adalah kendaraan CNG roda tiga di Asia dan hanya beberapa kapal berbahan bakar LNG atau bahan bakar ganda LNG/diesel (Asia dan Eropa), CNG fork lift dan scrappers es (Jepang, Eropa), dll

Segmen pengisian bahan bakar Di sisi SPB (Stasiun Pengisian Bahan Bakar) di dunia, terlihat peningkatan sebanyak 3 persen lebih (total 645 unit di dunia , yang mana 528 unit berada di Asia). Jumlah itu meningkat dari 20.594 tahun 2011 menjadi 21.239 unit tahun ini. Sebagian besar dari stasiun baru dibangun di Cina--diperkirakan akan mencapai 400 unit tambahan pada akhir tahun ini. Sekitar 250 unit dari jumlah tersebut adalah SPB CNG dan 150 SPB LNG. Terlepas dari kenyataan bahwa sebagian besar negara (49 negara) belum menyerahkan update 2012 mereka, pertumbuhan yang rendah di sektor stasiun disebabkan oleh, antara lain, jumlah yang jauh lebih rendah dari stasiun gas alam yang dibangun di Argentina, Brazil, Iran, Pakistan , dll, yang pada masa lalu dikenal sebagai pemain besar di segmen ini (dalam hal membangun stasiun baru). Iran menambahkan sekitar 300 stasiun di tahun 2011, tetapi hanya membangun 100 unit lebih hingga musim panas

tahun ini. Di masa lalu, Pakistan menambahkan 300-600 CNG baru mengisi fasilitas per tahunnya. Pada tahun 2011, hanya sekitar 30 fasilitas baru dibangun karena ada pembatasan pembangunan stasiun CNG baru. Tahun ini, pemerintah menerapkan larangan penuh bagi segmen stasiun. Di masa lalu, Argentina dan Brazil masing-masing menambah sekitar 100 stasiun, tetapi hanya menambahkan puluhan stasiun tahun ini. Sekitar 100 stasiun dibangun pada tahun 2011 di Argentina, sementara kurang dari 10 stasiun baru tercatat pada bulan Juni tahun ini (1.911 stasiun pada bulan Oktober 2011 meningkat hingga 1.918 unit pada bulan Juni 2012). Brazil telah mengalami pertumbuhan yang lambat sejak beberapa tahun terakhir. Kedua negara tersebut memiliki jaringan SPB yang besar ; masing-masing sekitar 1.900 dan 1.800 unit. Di sektor NGV, keduanya masih merupakan sepuluh negara terbesar dunia dan masih menunjukkan pertumbuhan positif dalam bidang kendaraan dan stasiun. Pertumbuhan dari penggunaan CNG di sektor transportasi di Bangladesh telah menurun sejak tahun 2011 karena kurangnya pasokan gas. Namun demikian, 100 stasiun dilaporkan telah dibangun di tahun 2011, tapi tidak ada penambahan (yang besar) direalisasi di tahun ini.

Sepuluh negara terbesar Rangking dari sepuluh negara terbesar di sektor NGV adalah sebagai berikut (sektor kendaraan): Pakistan, Iran, Argentina, Brazil, India, Cina, Itali, Ukraina, Kolombia, dan Thailand. Meskipun ada berbagai larangan dari pihak autoritas (di segi penjualan komponen kendaraan CNG dan stasiun) dan pasokan gas negara tidak cukup, Pakistan masih menduduki posisi no. 1 di bidang NGV dengan adanya 3,1 juta kendaraan metan (BBG) di negara ini. Beberapa sumber tak resmi bahkan mengatakan bahwa jumlah NGV yang beroperasi di Pakistan pada saat ini hanyalah sekitar 2,8 juta karena beberapa pemilik kendaraan beralih kembali ke bahan bakar bensin karena sulit mendapatkan bahan bakar gas.

December 2012 Iran memiliki 2,9 juta NGVs pada bulan Juni 2012, sementara Argentina dan Brasil masing-masing memiliki 2,1 dan 1,7 juta, dalam bulan yang sama. India memiliki 1,5 juta NGVs pada Februari, dengan China dilaporkan memiliki 1,2-1,5 juta dari kendaraan ini pada bulan Oktober 2012. Italia memiliki 785.000 unit pada bulan Januari 2012, Ukraina dengan 388.000 unit pada bulan Mei, dan umlah NGVs di Thailand terus tumbuh dan mencapai 353.000 unit pada bulan Juni.

Konsumsi gas Secara global, "konsumsi gas tahunan secara teoritis " di tahun 2012 mencapai 61,6 jutaNm3. Tahun lalu, sekitar 48 juta Nm3 gas dikonsumsi oleh sektor transport, sedangkan pada tahun 2010 konsumsinya berkisar sekitar 44 juta Nm3. "Konsumsi gas teoritis" berdasarkan kalkulasi dari konsumsi total bulanan dengan ajuan referensi sebagai berikut: JIKA mobil mengkonsumsi 180, bus 3000, truk 800, dan kendaraan lainnya 50 Nm3 BBG per bulannya. Tentu saja, ada perbedaan besar bagi jenis truk yang berbeda. Sebuah truk berbobot 44 ton dapat mengkonsumsi 8.000 Nm3 per bulannya. Hal ini terutama berlaku untuk, misalnya, HD truk di Australia. Kapal LNG dan dual fuel diesel / LNG mengkonsumsi gas dalam jumlah yang sangat lebih besar dari semua volume referensi yang disebutkan di atas. Seperti yang telah disebutkan di atas, jumlah akhir tahun yang nyata untuk populasi NGVs dan SPB pasti lebih besar dari nilai yang diterbitkan di statistik Asian NGV Communications (revisi Oktober 2012) karena banyak negara-negara yang belum melaporkan update terakhirnya. Lihat juga tanggal dan angka-angka update dalam statistik pada halaman terakhir dari majalah ini.

Wilayah Asia Menurut statistik Asian NGV Communications yang diperbarui pada bulan Oktober 2012, sekitar 10,1 juta NGVs dan 11.600 stasiun pengisian gas alam berada di Asia. Statistik "Greater Asia" terdiri dari 26 negara termasuk 22 dari Asia-Pasifik dan 4 dari sub-regio Eurasia (Armenia, Georgia, Turki, dan Rusia). Lebih dari 1,35 juta NGVs ditambahkan di wilayah ini tahun ini dibandingkan dengan 1,27 juta unit yang ditambah tahun lalu. Dua belas negara telah mengajukan update 2012 mereka, sedangakan 21 negara

11 telah melaporkan updatenya bagi tahun 2011 (dan 18 negara di tahun 2010). Melihat informasi yang disebutkan di atas (jumlah tambahan NGVs versus sedikitnya jumlah negara yang memperbaharui angka mereka), kita dapat berasumsi bahwa tahun ini merupakan tahun yang cukup baik dalam hal penambahan NGVs. Sebaliknya, di segmen pengisian bahan bakar, hanya 528 stasiun metan dinambahkan tahun ini dibandingkan dengan 1.462 unit tahun lalu. Dalam top-10 negara NGV terbesar dunia (berdasarkan jumlah kendaraan), lima dari mereka berasal dari Asia, tiga dari Amerika Selatan, dan dua dari Eropa. Bahkan, Pakistan dan Iran dari Asia Selatan menduduki posisi pertama dan kedua sejak tahun 2010. Keduanya memiliki lebih dari 2 juta NGVs sejak tahun itu. Tahun ini, Pakistan memiliki 3,1 juta kendaraan metan di jalan, sementara Iran memiliki 2,9 juta. Sebagian besar NGVs adalah mobil/LDVs umum dan swasta: 94 persen untuk Pakistan dan lebih dari 99 persen untuk Iran. Pakistan telah membangun 3.330 stasiun CNG meskipun beberapa dari stasiun-stasiun tersebut telah ditutup (untuk sementara atau dalam rotasi dengan stasiun lain selama hari-hari tertentu) karena kekurangan pasokan gas. Iran memiliki lebih dari 1.900 SPBU CNG pada bulan Juni 2012. Negara-negara kelima dan keenam terbesar NGV, India dan Cina, masing-masing memiliki 1,5 juta dan 1,2 juta NGVs. India bergabung dengan klub negara ”1 juta plus" NGVs pada bulan Desember 2010, sementara Cina bergabung di tahun ini. Meskipun mobil / LDVs memegang pangsa pasar utama dalam pasar NGV (lokal) ini, armada bus CNG terbesar "yang dimiliki oleh satu operator "- Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC)-berada di India. DTC bahkan akan mendapatkan 1.100 CNG bus tambahan baru di Tahun Anggaran depan. Share dari mobil/LDVs hampir mencapai 98 persen (dalam hal ini telah termasuk kendaraan roda tiga), sedangkan MD-HD bus adalah 1,5 persen dan sisanya adalah MD-HD truk dan "jenis kendaraan lainnya”. Pemerintah dan badan otoritatif lokal dari industri otomotif / kendaraan mengeluarkan beberapa peraturan baru dan norma-norma untuk meningkatkan egi keselamatan dan kinerja efisiensi kendaraan. Hal ini sedikit memperlambat pertumbuhan penggunaan NGV terutama di segmen konversi. Sementara itu, share mobil/LDVs di Cina adalah 66 persen, dengan 25

persen dari MD-HD bus, 5 persen dari MD-HD truk, dan 4 persen - atau sekitar 50.000 unit - dari "kendaraan lain" (bebagai jenis NGVs yang tidak teridentifikasi, yang mungkin mencakup campuran LDVs, bus, dan truk). India memiliki 724 SPB CNG pada bulan Februari tahun ini dan terus menambahkan lebih banyak stasiun CNG di daerah-daerah baru. Di posisi ke-6 dari negara-NGV terbesar, Cina memiliki salah satu network SPB metan terbesar dunia. Bahkan, dengan 2.800 unit dari stasiunCNG, LCNG dan LNG, negara ini menduduki posisi kedua setelah Pakistan, dalam hal populasi stasiun pengisian bahan bakar gas alam. Di urutan ke sepuluh, Thailand, telah bergabung dengan "top-10" klub sejak 2009. Pada September 2012, negara ini memiliki sekitar 253.000 NGVs, yang hampir 83 persen adalah mobil / LDVs (taksi dan mobil pribadi), 4,5 persen adalah MD-HD bus, 12 persen MD-HD truk, dan 0,5 persen "kendaraan lain” (terdiri dari 5 ferry, 28 kapal penumpang berbahan bakar LNG, dan 12 kapal kargo CNG). Kembali ke ulasan regional, pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk NGV di Asia untuk tahun ini mencapai 13 persen dengan adanya 1,35 juta kendaraan tambahan (totalnya 10,1 juta tahun ini dibandingkan tahun lalu 8,7 juta). Menilik NGVs menurut jenisnya, 13 persen pertumbuhan tercatat untuk mobil / LDVs (menambahkan 1,18 juta unit), 33 persen untuk MD-HD bus (sekitar 140.000), 18 persen untuk MD-HD truk (lebih dari 38.000), dan sisanya adalah "jenis kendaraan alinnya” (121 unit). Di sisi pengisian bahan bakar tercatat 5 persen pertumbuhan. Sebagian besar stasiun terbuka untuk umum. Saham dari pangsa pasar Asia di dunia mencapai 61 persen untuk NGVs dan 55 persen untuk stasiun metan. Asia akan tetap memegang posisi t ertinggi di bidang ”regio NGV terbesar” dalam waktu dekat. Namun, bebebrapa negara Asia sedikit menunjukkan down trend terutama dengan adanya rencana pemerintah Pakistan untuk menghapus penggunaan CNG di mobil-mobil mewah pribadi dan pembatasan konstruksi untuk stasiun CNG baru. Selain itu, Bangladesh menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang stagnan sejak sekitar setahun yang lalu. Namun demikian, negara-negara NGV besar dan kecil telah menjadi lebih aktif, akhir-akhir ini. Eropa serta Amerika Selatan menunjukkan pertumbuhan positif yang stabil dan menjadi lebih aktif. Amerika Utara, khususnya Amerika Serikat, diperkirakan akan tumbuh cepat dalam waktu singkat.

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December 2012

December 2012

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December 2012

IEA suggested natural gas spot market IEA executive director Maria van der Hoeven believes that Asia should establish a regional spot market for natural gas trading. Having a regional spot market would be able to reduce high acquisition costs that at the end will benefits end users. Last October, Van der Hoeven suggested this idea using an example from Shanghai that already established a domestic natural gas spot trading platform in July 2012. She said that the whole region needs a similar platform. Apart from the existing Shanghai market, Singapore was "in a good position" to be the first to establish a similar platform that serves the region. Other hubs, particularly in China, may in the future provide the ability on a great scale, added van der Hoeven. Asian role in the world’s natural gas market is significant since this region consumes a substantial amount of gas. China, Japan, India are ones of major gas users. Current prices for-i.e- LNG import for Asian countries are high. For example, Japan imported LNG at USD18 MMBtu (million British thermal units) this summer, compared to per MMBtu prices for the United States at USD3 and USD10 - 12 in Europe. The IEA executive director said that the establishment of Asian spot market will allow a more appropriate gas pricing for the region. A natural gas spot market would allow prices to be set based on rate of “supply and demand fundamentals" without being influenced by other markets such as crude.

IEA executive director Maria van der Hoeven

IEA’s 2012 report issued in June estimated that global natural gas consumption will rise 17 percent to 3.94 trillion cubic metres by 2017 from 2011, thanks to increasing growth in Asia. Asia will be by far the fastest-growing region, driven primarily by China, which will emerge as the third largest gas user by 2013. Meanwhile, the US is presently the world’s largest natural gas consumer followed by Russia, according to the report.

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December 2012

IEA cuts demand growth forecasts for oil The International Energy Agency (IEA) has trimmed down its global crude oil demand growth forecast for this year and 2013, following OPEC and the US Energy Information Administration projections. The IEA chopped the demand growth to just 700,000 barrels per day this year, totalling to 89.7 million of oil for the whole year. Projection for 2013 was also trimmed down from million of barrel growth to only 800,000 barrels per day. The total estimated crude demand would be 90.5 million barrel for next year. OPEC crude oil supply fell 510,000 barrels per day to an eight-month low of 31.17 million barrels in September, the IEA said, after higher supplies from Iraq and Libya failed to offset reduced output from Nigeria, Iran and Saudi Arabia. OPEC cut 100,000 barrels from its world oil demand forecast for this year, levelling its growth predictions for 2012 and 2013 at 800,000 barrels per day. The IEA also said that global demand for oil through 2016 would grow by half a million barrels a day less than previously estimated. Consequently, crude oil price went down after the IEA announced its lowered-projections. The rising tensions in the Middle East as Turkey and Syria start facing up to each other, are also part of the reasons of the oil market response.

World oil production by type in the New Policies Scenario

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December 2012

Pertamina dalam konversi BBM ke BBG di Indonesia Program konversi Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) ke Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) untuk sektor transportasi di Indonesia sebenarnya telah dimulai sejak dekade tahun 80-an. Namun, program ini tidak dapat berkembang sebagaima mestinya berhubung belum didukung dengan kebijakan energi yang sesuai serta penyiapan sarana dan prasarana pendukung seperti stasiun pengisian bahan bakar gas (SPBG), bengkel (workshop), dan pengalokasian gas yang memadai. Harga BBM di Indonesia masih terjangkau sehingga belum menarik minat pemakai untuk melaksanakan konversi ke gas. Sehingga dalam perkembangannya, program konversi tersebut serasa mati suri. Sesekali muncul ke permukaan, namun beberapa saat kemudian hilang kembali. Dengan dikeluarkannya Peraturan Menteri ESDM No. 19 tahun 2010 sekali lagi Pemerintah mencanangkan roadmap program konversi BBM ke CNG untuk transportasi secara masif dan menyeluruh yang mulai diterapkan di tahun 2012 dengan target penyelesaian tahun 2014. Dalam Peraturan Mentri tersebut, Kontraktor Kontrak Kerja Sama (Production Sharing Contract atau PSC) dan badan usaha niaga di bidang gas harus mengalokasikan sejumlah gasnya untuk mendukung kesuksesan program konversi BBM ke BBG. Kebutuhan gas alam dalam program konversi ini yaitu 33 mmscfd pada tahun 2012, 75 mmscfd tahun 2013, dan 97 mmscfd tahun 2014. Namun dengan berkurangnya kemampuan produksi sumur eksisting, belum beroperasinya sumur-sumur baru, serta makin meningkatnya konsumen industri pemakai gas, alokasi gas untuk sektor transportasi tersebut masih harus berkompetisi dengan gas untuk konsumen industri yang sanggup membeli dengan harga yang lebih tinggi. Di sisi lain terdapat juga Peraturan Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) nomor 12 tahun 2012, dimana peredaran solar bersubsidi akan dibatasi terhitung 1 September 2012.

Unit-unit transportasi di perkebunan dan pertambangan juga diwajibkan untuk menggunakan BBM solar non-subsidi. Dengan demikian, biaya operasional unit transportasi di industri-industri perkebunan dan pertambangan akan naik sekitar dua kali lipat. Hal ini disebabkan disparitas harga antara solar subsidi dan solar non subsidi yang cukup jauh. Harga solar subsidi adalah sebesar Rp 4.500/liter sementara harga solar non subsidi yang tercatat per 1 Oktober 2012 adalah sebesar Rp 10.100/liter. Dengan adanya Permen ini, upaya konversi BBM ke Gas untuk kendaraan operasional sektor Perkebunan dan Pertambangan diperkirakan juga akan meningkat. Mengingat ketersediaan gas domestik yang terbatas, maka sasaran utama konsumen CNG adalah angkutan umum termasuk busway. Target penyelesaian program konversi kendaraan umum dari BBM ke CNG adalah 40% populasi pada tahun 2012, tambahan 40% pada tahun 2013, dan sisanya 20% pada tahun 2014. Total jumlah kendaraan umum dalam skala nasional yang akan dikonversi yaitu sekitar 300.000 unit hingga tahun 2014. Awalnya, sasaran bisnis CNG Pertamina adalah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dedicated gas engine pada bus milik TransJakarta yang jumlah armadanya akan terus meningkat secara bertahap

dalam tahun-tahun mendatang. Namun mengingat Pemerintah telah mencanangkan konversi secara masif dalam skala nasional, maka Pertamina melakukan berbagai antisipasi dan inisiasi penyiapan teknologi dan infrastruktur pemakaian gas untuk transportasi umum maupun untuk kendaraan di industri perkebunan dan pertambangan. Bahkan khusus untuk industri pertambangan yang berlokasi di dekat LNG Plant, Pertamina bekerjasama dengan leading technology provider telah menyiapkan pilot test pelayanan LNG untuk kendaraan operasional mereka. Sebagai bentuk keseriusan Pemerintah dalam merealisasikan program konversi BBM ke Gas, pada tahun 2012 ini telah dikeluarkan dua kebijakan percepatan konversi bahan bakar minyak ke gas yaitu: 1. Surat No 4019/07/M M.M/2012 tentang Penugasan Program Diversifikasi BBM ke Bahan Bakar Gas Untuk Transportasi Umum 2. Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 64 Tahun 2012 tentang Penyediaan, Pendistribusian, dan Penetapan Harga Bahan Bakar Gas Untuk Transportasi Jalan Melalui kebijakan tersebut, Pertamina mendapat penugasan resmi dari Pemerintah sebagai pelaksana penyediaan dan pendistribusian CNG untuk sektor transportasi. Dengan

December 2012

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demikian, posisi Pertamina semakin kuat dalam upaya mendukung program Pemerintah untuk merealisasikan pembangunan sarana infrastruktur CNG. Sebagai bentuk dukungan pada program Pemerintah tersebut, Pertamina telah menyiapkan pembagian kerja dengan 2 anak perusahaan terkait. Untuk penyiapan infrastruktur penyaluran gas dan pengoperasian Mother Station, Pertamina menunjuk PT Pertamina Gas (Pertagas), sedangkan untuk mengoperasikan CNG Station dan tube trailers telah ditunjuk PT Pertamina Retail. Sarana infrastruktur CNG yang akan dibangun Pertamina berupa SPBG online (online CNG Station) untuk wilayah yang dekat dengan jaringan pipa gas, serta sistem mother & daughter untuk wilayah yang jauh dari jangkauan jaringan pipa gas. Selain itu juga akan disiapkan mobile refueling unit untuk melayani segmen pasar yang terbatas ketersediaan lahannya, misalnya pool taksi, pool angkutan umum, dll. Belajar dari pengalaman serupa di negara lain sambil membangun kerja sama yang baik dengan seluruh stakeholder internasional dalam industri CNG, Pertamina yakin akan dapat melaksanakan tugas ini dengan baik. Kunci kesuksesan dalam program konversi BBM ke Gas adalah penyediaan infrastruktur yang handal dan terus mengutamakan aspek safety di atas segalanya.

Tentang Pertamina Pertamina (Perusahaan Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi Negara) adalah perbadanan milik kerajaan yang menggali dan menapis simpanan minyak dan gas Indonesia. Berdasarkan fasal 33 UUD 1945: "Bumi, air dan kekayaan alam yang terkandung di dalamnya dikuasai oleh negara dan dipergunakan sebesar-besar untuk kemakmuran rakyat" maka hak untuk mengelola industri perminyakan jatuh ke tangan pemerintah.

Tahun 1960, Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) mengeluarkan penetapan yang menyatakan bahawa perlombongan minyak dan gas asli hanya boleh dilaksanakan oleh negara melalui perusahaan negara. Semenjak itu, pihak asing yang terlibat di dalamnya berdasarkan kepada kontrak saja. Dan juga perusahaan-perusahaan asing sepakat untuk secara bertahap menjual tempat penyulingan minyaknya dan aset lainnya di bidang pemasaran dan pengedaran kepada pihak Indonesia dalam jangka waktu lima hingga lima belas tahun. Dua perusahaan negara dibentuk pada zaman perubahan tersebut. PERMINA yang diberikan kuasa dan tanggung jawab untuk mentakbir, mengurus dan pengawasan terhadap kerja sama dibidang penjelajahan dan pengeluaran. Sementara itu PERTAMINA mendapat tanggung jawab untuk mengatur proses pengagihan minyak bagi kepulauan Indonesia.

Untuk memenuhi keperluan tenaga ahli di bidang industri minyak, PERMINA mendirikan Sekolah Kader Teknik di Pangkalan Brandan. PERMINA kemudian juga mendirikan Akademi Perminyakan di Bandung pada tahun 1962. Kurikulum dari Akademi Perminyakan meliputi berbagai aspek dalam industri perminyakan, dan para lulusannya kemudian menjadi tenaga inti di PERMINA (yang kemudian menjadi PERTAMINA). Tahun 1968, untuk memantapkan industri minyak dan gas, pengurusan, penjelajahan, pemasaran dan pengedaran maka PERMINA dan PERTAMINA bergabung menjadi PN PERTAMINA. Kontak: Adianto Hidayat, Departemen Pengembangan Produk dan Teknologi PT Pertamina (Persero) – Gas & Power Oil Center 8th Floor, Jl. M. H. Thamrin Kav. 55, Jakarta 10350, Indonesia. Tel. +62 21 3983 8283, fax. +62 21 3983 8291, www.pertamina.com

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Pertamina, towards vehicular fuel switching to natural gas

Indonesia started to replace petroleum fuels in transport sector with CNG (also known as Bahan Bakar Gas or BBG, in this country) around the 1980’s. However, the program was not successfully developed as expected due to lack of adequate energy policies. Furthermore, there was insufficient supporting infrastructure such as allocation of significant gas supply for this segment, natural gas filling stations, vehicle conversion workshop. Fuel prices in Indonesia were still affordable, thus, conversion to CNG system was not so appealing to motorists and public transport operators. As a result, this conversion market was somewhat undeveloped. Every now and then, there were several movements in the market, only to quickly disappear/ inactive again. With the issuance of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources No. 19 in 2010, the Government once again launched a roadmap to a CNG fuel conversion program for transport sector. This program has been massively and comprehensively implemented in 2012. The program should be completed by 2014. Within the Ministerial Policy, the Cooperation Contract for Contractors (which include Production Sharing Contract or PSC) and commercial

enterprises in gas business should allocate their gas to support the CNG conversion program. In 2012, 33 million metric standard cubic feet per day (mmscfd) of gas is needed for this program. Furthermore, 75mmscfd is expected will be used by this segment in 2013 and 97mmscfd in 2014. But with reduced production capacity in existing gas wells, whereas new wells are still not in production while demand from the industrial consumers continues to grow, gas allocation for the transport sector still has to compete with those for industrial sector. The industrial sector is capable to buy the fuel at a higher price. On the other hand, another policy-Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) no. 12 of 2012— declares that distribution of subsidized diesel would be restricted as of 1 September 2012. Transport units in plantation and mining businesses are also required to use non-subsidized diesel fuel. Operational costs of the transport unit in the plantation and mining industries are projected to double since as price gap between subsidized and unsubsidized diesel is quite big. The price of subsidized diesel was Rp 4,500/liter while the unsubsidized one costs Rp 10,100/liter as per October 1st, 2012. Thanks to related government regulations, several energy and NGV stakeholders expect that operational vehicles of Plantation

and Mining sectors will be converted to CNG system. Given the limited availability of domestic gas, public transport operators are chosen as the main target customers for NGV sector. It is expected that 40 percent of public vehicles will switch to CNG fuel by end of 2012. An additional 40 percent should be converted within 2013, and the remaining 20 percent in 2014. Nationwide, around 300,000 units of public transport vehicles should be converted by 2014. Initially, Pertamina’s CNG business objectives is to meet the needs of dedicated CNG buses of TransJakarta public bus operator in Jakarta City, in which its CNG bus fleet is expected to gradually increase in coming years. However, as the government launched a massive conversion in a national scale, Pertamina prepares various plans and initiatives, such as the preparation technology and application infrastructure to transport gas for vehicles in general and oil and mining industries. In cooperation with leading technology providers, Pertamina has also set up a pilot test of LNG vehicle services to cater demand from mining companies located near an LNG plant. As part of a stronger and more serious supports, the government issued two policies to accelerate conversion of petroleum fuels to gas in 2012, which include: 1. Letter of Assignment No. 4019/07/M

21 MM/2012 of Fuel Diversification Program to Natural Gas for Public Transportation; 2. Regulation of the President of the Republic of Indonesia Number 64 Year 2012 on the Procurement, Distribution, and Pricing of Gas Fuel for Road Transport. Through these mandates, Pertamina received a formal assignment to manage supply and distribution of CNG for the transport sector. As a result, Pertamina holds a stronger position and role in supporting government's program to develop CNG infrastructure. In line with this, Pertamina has divided tasks with two related subsidiaries to exercise the job. Pertamina has appointed PT Pertamina Gas (Pertagas) for the establishment and operation of a CNG Mother Station. Meanwhile, PT Pertamina Retail was appointed to operate CNG Station and distribute gas through CNG trailers. Pertamina will build online CNG Station in various areas close to gas pipelines. For areas far from gas pipeline network, “Mother and Daughter” station system will be used. The company also prepares CNG mobile-refueling-units to serve areas and customers that have limited land availability (and, thus, cannot build a CNG station), such as pool taxis and pool public transport operators, etc. Learned from similar experiences from other countries while building good cooperation with all international stakeholders in the CNG industry, Pertamina is confidence to be able to successfully performing this task. The key to success in the fuel to gas conversion program is the provision of reliable infrastructure and the continued priority on safety above all.

About Pertamina Pertamina (Perusahaan Pertambangan Minyak dan Gas Bumi Negara) is an Indonesian state-owned oil and natural gas corporation based in Jakarta City. It was created in August 1968 by the merger of Pertamin (established 1961) and Permina (established 1957). Pertamina is the world's largest producer and exporter of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). Contact: Adianto Hidayat, Technology & Product Development PT Pertamina (Persero) – Gas & Power Oil Center 8th Floor, Jl. M. H. Thamrin Kav. 55, Jakarta 10350, Indonesia. Tel. +62 21 3983 8283, fax. +62 21 3983 8291, www.pertamina.com

December 2012

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December 2012

Sales of CNG kits in Thailand is expected to grow to near 10 percent Although the government plans to float the prices of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and compressed natural gas (CNG) to reflect the real costs, demand from motorists is expected to grow significantly in the coming years, say industry executives. Thai NGV stakeholders expects that the business will grow considerably in the near future. Government’s plan to increase CNG and LPG prices are expected not to hamper the growth. Various CNG kits suppliers in Thailand believes that the NGV business will continue to prosper as petrol price is still much more expensive than CNG. Pattaravut Yeamsavad, the president of Theo Group Co, Thailand's top supplier of auto gas kits, expects that demand in the CNG kits segment will grow by just below 10 percent, considering that number of CNG stations is lower thatn those for LPG refuelling (thus, his expectation for LPG vehicles growth is much higher). Thailand has 1,000 LPG stations to

serve 700,000 vehicles (last year data). There are almost 500 CNG filling stations for around 350,000 NGVs (data 2012). Yeamsavad believes that if the CNG refuelling network increases, thus, less waiting time during refuelling,

CNG control

the growth in the vehicle side will also augmented significantly. Thailand is reported as one of the global leaders in the OEM market for CNG, with the number of NGVs rising from 15,738 in 2009 to 103,685 in 2011.

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Bangkok public bus operator to run a fully NGV-driven fleet Thailand director-general of the State Enterprise Policy Office (SEPO), Prasong Poontaneat, said in October that a fleet overhaul would be able to help the Bangkok Mass Transit Authority (BMTA) to walk out from financial problem-the THB78 billion of accumulated debt. The BMTA, which runs bus routes in Bangkok, plans to switch its entire bus fleet from diesel to CNG system. With this fleet replacement, it is expected that fuel costs for the BMTA would be halved while new buses would help reducing maintenance costs, according to Poontaneat. SEPO, an agency of the Finance Ministry which oversees state enterprises, has already approved the purchase of 3,153 natural gas buses under a THB13.1 billion budget. Most of the BMTA's existing fleet would be scrapped, except for the 323 diesel buses that are planned to be retrofitted to NGV system. The conversion cost for each bus is

around THB1 million. Authorities will also allocate THB1 billion for an early retirement program aimed at cutting 2,000 jobs at the BMTA. BMTA also aims at the installation of

natural gas filling stations to cater refuelling demand from its own fleet. A new business unit could also be created to manage and market advertising space on buses.

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December 2012

Pimpri-Chinchwad City to get more compressed natural gas stations To ease CNG refuelling issues due to lack of filling facilities in Pune district, Member of the Legislative Council (MLC) Mohan Joshi recently assured that 10 more CNG stations will be built in Pune and Pimpri- Chinchwad Cities during the 1st quarter of 2013. The stations will help CNG auto rickshaws operators in the areas to get fuel for their vehicles. Presently, there are only 15 CNG dispensing sites in these two cities. Although station operators are requested to offer 24x7 service, only five of those follow the instruction. At a recent meeting between Maharashtra Natural Gas Limited (MNGL) and Pune Municipal Corporation (PMC) it was decided that around march 2013, ten CNG filling facilities will come up in those cities. Chief Minister Prithiviraj Chavan has even directed the civic body to provide place to build these stations. The areas proposed to set up the pumps are Katraj, Mukundnagar vehicle depot, Bavdhan, Mundhwa, Paud Road, Hinjewadi, Chandanagar, Warje, Shivajinagar and Sant Tukaram Nagar in Pimpri.

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The East Delhi Municipal Corporation (EDMC) has started work on building two biogas plants at the Ghazipur landfill site to increase its capacity to manage more municipal waste. The two sites will be used to generate electricity and another to generate compressed biomethane that has similar characteristic as CNG. Pipes will be placed throughout the landfill site. Methane gas produced from decomposing garbage will be collected and deposited at the CNG plant. The project is scheduled to be completed by March 2013. By the year-end, a plant to make refuse-derived fuel (RDF), in which garbage will be converted to fuel.

December 2012

25

World’s largest CNG bus fleet’s operator to buy 1,100 more NGVs To increase Delhi’s bus fleet, Delhi Cabinet recently approved a proposal in Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) will buy 1,100 standard floor height CNG buses, according Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit. Aiming at the provision of a reliable, punctual, comfortable and dependable public transport service in the Capital, the government has been working to improve the fleet of the DTC buses. There is an urgent need to replace 1,886 of old buses, standard floor which have come to the end of its product life-cycle. The government has decided that 1,100 new, standard floor, 900 mm, fully built CNG buses will be used to replace the old buses. The buses will be purchased with maintenance for 7,50,000 kilometres or 12 years operation whichever is later, added the Chief Minister. The buses, to be bough within next Financial Year, requires around Rs3.3 billion investment. The CNG buses will replace DTC’s standard buses. Global tender will be held for the procurement of the buses. Earlier, the Delhi Cabinet had approved a proposal to buy 625 non-AC low-floor buses to be purchased in the next Financial Year. Currently, the DTC has a fleet of 5,667 buses.

ANGVA joined NGV Safety Awareness Campaign in Malaysia Karunakaran and Chief Executive Officer of PNGV, Mr. Akbar Mohd Thayoob. On 28th Sept 2012, ANGVA was invited to participate in the PNGV’s NGV Safety Awareness Campaign at a PETRONAS NGV Public Refuelling Station at Batu Berendam, Melaka, Malaysia. The campaign was to create awareness and educate the public and users on NGV safety requirement and the importance of adhering to these requirements such as: • switch-off vehicle engine when refueling; • not smoking and using mobile phone while refueling; • ensuring there were no leakages of the NGV system in the vehicles; and, • conduct periodic maintenance and inspection of the NGV system and components especially the periodic recertification of CNG cylinders onboard vehicles. • The campaign was officiated by the Ministry of Domestic Trade, Cooperatives and Consumerism (MDTCC) State Director, Mr. Muhabir Ibrahim, accompanied by Chairman of PNGV, Mr. Pramod Kumar

ANGVA Executive Director, Lee Giok Seng, gave a briefing on NGV safety incidents that had occurred in various part of the world with a note that such incidents will and can happen again if safety requirements are not followed. To ensure NGV safety in Malaysia, all natural gas vehicles must comply with the Malaysian Standard MS 1096: 2011 – Road Vehicles: The Use of Compressed Natural Gas Fuel for Vehicle Engines – Code of Practice (Second Revision). And there must enforcement by authorities to ensure compliance to this standard. Malaysian National Energy Forum ANGVA Executive Director also attended the 4th Malaysian National Energy Forum in September in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The theme of the forum was “Building A Framework Towards A Sustainable Energy Future”. During the forum, it was reported that natural gas prices to all sectors of the economy in the country are below the actual market price of natural gas. The differences in prices

are being absorbed by PETRONAS, the sole supplier of natural gas in Malaysia. Prices of natural gas need to move towards market prices in order for the natural gas sector in the country to continue developing and growing. The government had announced that current prices of natural gas will be increased slowly until it reaches market price. Natural gas tariffs for various sectors of the economy in the country are set by the Energy Commission on behalf of the government. It was also reported in the forum that the first import shipment of LNG will arrive at the country first LNG Regasification Terminal in Melaka in October 2012. The Regasification Terminal (owned and operated by PETRONAS Gas Bhd), has provision for third party access for importation of LNG and pipeline transportation to their point of usage. PETRONAS Gas Bhd is the sole natural gas transmission company and Gas Malaysia Bhd is the sole local natural gas distribution company in Malaysia. By Lee Giok Seng, ANGVA Executive Director www.angva.org

26

December 2012

OEM Page Honda to enter Indian CNG market

Volkswagen is testing CNG powered Vento Volkswagen has been seen conducting road tests of a CNG/petrol bifuel version of the Vento sedan in India. The CNG Vento is expected to cost Rs.40,000 more expensive than the petrol version. The bifuel car and its CNG kits installation will come with factory warranty. However, release data is not yet revealed by the automaker.

Honda Cars India, leading premium car manufacturer in India and a subsidiary of Honda Motor Co. Ltd. of Japan, was set to introduce its CNG car variant in Indian markets by the end of October 2012. The Honda “City” CNG would be different from the current model. The CNG version comes with altered engine, suspension and instrument cluster. Like most of the CNG variants available in this country, the CNG kit for the “City” car will be installed by the dealers; so, the conversion will not be done at the car factory. The natural gas version is around Rs.50,000 –Rs.80,000 more expensive

than the petrol variant. In September, Honda has launched the City CNG in Thailand where the base entry-level version can be bought at THB659,000. The City CNG is Honda’s first CNG-powered vehicle. The car is equipped with a 1.5 liter single overhead cam i-VTEC engine, which can run on either petrol on CNG thanks to the bifuel technology. The engine is producing a total output of 102 PS and it has a peak torque of 127 Nm, compared to the 120 PS and 145 Nm of torque in the petrol-only City model. The Honda City CNG meets the Euro 4 emission standards.

More Maruti CNG variants may come soon Maruti's successful compact MPV Ertiga which was recently launched in India just a few months ago is reportedly being developed in a CNG version for domestic consumers. Presently the car is available in diesel and petrol versions. The bifuel petrol/CNG is likely to follow. If this happens, expect the car to be launched in 2013. Maruti may also launch a CNG version of Alto K10-1.0 liter. The bifuel variant is expected to be around Rs 40,000 more expensive than the petrol version. Although there was no date of launch was officially announced by the company, the Alto K10 CNG is expected to be released within this year.

December 2012

27

OEM Page New version of Maruti Alto CNG and petrol variants with 10,000 pre-orders

Maruti Suzuki India, local main automaker, launched the new version of Maruti Alto in petrol and CNG options on October 16th. The cars are retailed at between Rs. 244,000 to Rs. 356,000 per unit, respectively. The petrol variant of the new Alto has been priced at Rs. 244,000 and would go up to Rs. 299,000 with an improved fuel efficiency of 22.74 km per liter. The CNG (bifuel) variant has been priced at Rs. 319,000 to Rs. 356,000 with a fuel efficiency of 30.46 km per kg of fuel. Maruti Suzuki India Managing Director and CEO Shinzo Nakanishi said that the automaker has started receiving purchase orders for this new Alto since late September and before the launch, there were already 10,000 bookings made by buyers. The new Alto 800 is based on the existing Alto platform and is powered by the same 796cc three-cylinder motor (F8D) from the Alto. The motor has been modified to meet the latest emission standards. Plenty of suspension bits have been carried over as well, but the structure has been heavily modified to make it stiffer.

The renewed engine offers a 15 percent improved fuel economy with 22.74km per liter with petrol power, and an 13 percent increased when operated with CNG-allowing 30.46 km/ kg performance. The CNG variant, branded 'Green' with a patented intelligent Gas Port Injection (i-GPI) technology installed in factory, has allowed this improved fuel efficiency in the new Alto 800 Green. The i-GPI technology offers more power and a peppier ride experience along with reliability and safety as compared to the aftermarket CNG fitment. The 2012 Alto CNG comes in various versions : Alto 800 CNG Base with sales price in Delhi of Rs. 319,000 per unit for the standard type; LX CNG version at Rs.337,000 per unit; and LXi CNG version at Rs.356,000. Apart from this, Maruti Suzuki has also projected a 10 percent sales growth in the second half of the current fiscal, backed by the refurbished design of its best-selling model Alto and festive season sales. Its April-September 2012 (1st semester of the current fiscal year) sales was flat due to a massive labour unrest at its Manesar plant in Haryana and increase in petrol prices.

Coming soon, Tata Nano CNG

Tata Motors are gearing up to launch Tata Nano CNG variant, expected to be introduced by the first quarter of 2013 the latest. The car was displayed for the first time at the 2012 New Delhi Auto Expo in early 2012, Tata Nano CNG’s official unleashing has been confirmed by company officials. The Nano CNG will be equipped with bifuel technology that would enable drivers to choose to run either on petrol or CNG. It is installed with 624 cc twin-cylinder engine, 35 liter-equivalent of CNG cylinder and 15 litres petrol tank. A leak detection system is installed in this CNG variant, which will automatically disconnect the fuel supply as soon as a leak is detected. The CNG version will be retailed at Rs. 15,000 to R.s 20,000 more expensive compared to its petrol counterpart. Tata has been conducting various driving-tests in various Indian cities. Latest road test was spotted at Worli in Mumbai City.

28

LNG and CNG supports from public and private sectors in China

To further speed up the adoption of LNG as transport fuel, one of China’s major Oil & Gas Company, Sinopec, has donated RMB100 million for purchasing LNG buses to Beijing public transport operator. The initiative was taken in line with a Strategic Memorandum signed between Sinopec and Beijing Municipality in March 2012. This collaboration in promoting the vehicular fuel to the public and transport companies is exercised by Beijing Public Transportation Group, Beijing Gas Group and Sinopec. On September 30, 2012, an LNG station for the buses was inaugurated. The LNG buses are currently running along the famous Chang An Street in Beijing City. Private sector in China has been promoting the use of CNG and LNG for vehicles for several years. From this sector, gas companies such as Beijing Gas Group are promoting CNG and LNG vehicles locally. From the central government perspective, R&D incentives for CNG and LNG vehicles have come to an end. However, few incentives for purchasing CNG and LNG vehicles are still in place. After experiencing a successful period of government-driven segment, the NGV sector has entered a market-driven era. With thanks to CATARC, Beijing, P.R. China

December 2012

LNG bus growth in China

Last summer 2012, five analysts of the Chinese State Council visited Ministry of Transportation to conduct a review on the promotion of LNG vehicles in the country. The findings show a rapid development in the market, both in the Heavy-Duty truck and bus segments. Together with all related stakeholders, local vehicle makers, such as Higer Bus, have been contributing to the success of this market. In September, Higer Bus released green paper of Natural Gas Bus, following a national white paper on Safety released by the authority in 2009. The green paper shows the recent growth in the NGV industry • Data from 50 bus manufacturers showed that 18,837 natural gas buses were sold in 2011, increased by 29.82 percent compared to the previous year’s result; • Around 30.1 percent of those NG bus sales in 2011 were LNG buses (around 5,670 units); • Shares of natural gas bus sales in China’s total bus sales in 2012 increased from 6.54 percent to 7.78 percent; • Twenty nine of the fifty bus manufacturers sell natural gas buses; • LNG vehicles in China are expected to reach 200,000 units at the end of China's 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015). It was also reported that Higer LNG buses are popular in Suzhou Industrial Park, an industrial park in Suzhou City near Shanghai. In October, maintenance manager of the Suzhou Industrial Park Public

Transportation Co., LTD. came to the Customer Service Department of Higer Bus to show their appreciation to the support of Higer’s service department while speaking highly of the stability operation performance of the 100 units of Higer LNG buses. Furthermore, recent news reported that more LNG buses are going to be deployed soon. Jiangsu Overseas Group International Engineering Consultation Company was appointed by Nanjing Public Transport Company to organize 2012 city bus invitation of tender, including 780 city buses, which mainly would be LNG-powered. The required city buses will be confirmed according to three public transport companies' plans. Two things differentiate the new tenders from the previous ones: 1. LNG city buses will be used in Nanjing for the first time; 2. Mainly 12m city buses will be purchased. Nanjing Authorities are currently building several LNG filling stations. Existing CNG stations will also be revamped to allow the site to offer both CNG and LNG. Four tenders will be organized for the followings projects: • 250 units of 12m LNG city buses; • 100 units of 10m LNG city buses, 70 units of 12m low-floor city buses, and 10 units of 12m dual fuel city buses; • 220 units of 12m diesel city buses; • 80 units of 10m diesel city buses, and 50 8m diesel city buses.

December 2012

29

From other regions Cummins Westport’s new mid-range NG engine for school bus, medium-duty truck and vocational vehicle markets Cummins Westport Inc. in early October announced that it has begun development on the ISB6.7 G, a mid-range 6.7 liter natural gas engine designed to meet the increasing demand for on-highway vehicles powered by lower cost, cleaner and increasingly abundant natural gas. As a leading supplier of natural gas engines, Cummins Westport Inc. continues to expand its product range to supply the growing demand for natural gas engines. he ISB6.7 G engine will be based on the Cummins ISB6.7 diesel engine and will use Cummins Westport’s proven spark-ignited, stoichiometric cooled exhaust gas recirculation (SEGR) technology. Exhaust after treatment will be provided by a simple, maintenance-free three-way catalyst. The engine will run on CNG, however, the natural gas may be stored on the vehicle in LNG state or as CNG. The ISB6.7 G is expected to be in production by 2015 and will be designed to meet Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and California Air Resources Board (CARB) regulations in force at the time of launch. “The addition of the ISB6.7 G will round out our family of high performance natural gas engines,” said Jim Arthurs, President of Cummins Westport. “It joins the 8.9-liter ISL G, with over 16,000 engines in service, and the

11.9-litre ISX12 G, which will start production in 2013, to give our customers a broad range of natural gas engines for on-highway applications.” About Cummins Westport Inc. Cummins Westport Inc. designs, engineers and markets spark-ignited natural gas engines for North American commercial transportation applications such as trucks and buses. Cummins Westport is a joint venture of Cummins Inc. (NYSE:CMI), a corporation of complementary business units that

America to introduce a new bifuel wheelchair-accessible minivan

MobilityWorks Commercial, a maker of commercial vehicles in the US, is partnering with NatGasCar LLC to develop a petrol/CNG bifuel rear-entry wheelchair-accessible minivan. The minivan will be developed based on a 2013 Dodge Grand Caravan. The bifuel version will keep the original fuel tank and add CNG cylinders to improve an overall driving range. The minivan would be able to cover more than 965 km after conversion.

design, manufacture, distribute and service engines and related technologies, including fuel systems, controls, air handling, filtration, emission solutions and electrical power generation systems, and Westport Innovations Inc. (NASDAQ: WPRT / TSX: WPT), a global leader in alternative fuel, low-emissions technologies that allow engines to operate on clean-burning fuels such as CNG, LNG, hydrogen, and biofuels such as landfill gas.

30

December 2012

.com

Victorian Freight Specialists adds Isuzu NGV for logistics operations Victoria Freight Specialists (VFS) chose the Isuzu NPR 300 CNG truck because it delivers reduced exhaust emissions, eliminates the release of harmful particulates and is cheaper to run than other clean fuel options. Moreover, they plan to install a CNG refueling station at its main depot. “It's important to show that we are thinking about our environmental impact and reducing our carbon emissions - we must meet very strict environmental policies," said VFS owner and director John Rowe. The company is considering adding more natural gas-powered trucks to its growing fleet as these vehicles can help win business with customers whose own operations acknowledge environmental benchmarks and requirements. With the advent of the carbon tax, Australian businesses, especially those in the transport and freight sector, are coming under increasing pressure to reduce their carbon emissions. Isuzu NPR 300 CNG - which has been fitted with a six pallet tautliner and one tone tailgate lifter - was purchased as a trial to test the truck's performance, and the results proved very pleasing. "This truck has a designated route. It covers a round trip of approximately 200-220 kilometers each day in the hills of the Yarra Valley, Diamond Creek and Mernda. The driver makes around 40-50 deliveries per day in this truck," said Rowe. The new NGV joins a fleet of 40 company vehicles, of

which approximately 90 per cent are Isuzu trucks. VFS is a supplier to leading national and interstate brands, so the firm requires trucks with a wide range of capabilities. Click here to see teh video of VFS CNG truck operation : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0BM9L_owak0 Source: Isuzu Trucks

Indonesian Vice President advocates the development of NGV manufacture During his statement made at International Motor Show in Jakarta, Boediono recently said that the government expects the country’s natural gas reserves will be used in all different sectors, including transportation. In this sense, he urged automakers to start producing CNG powered vehicles next year, since it is a cheaper and more environmentally friendly fuel, in comparison with gasoline. According to the vice president’s speech, the national administration will consider methane-fuel vehicle development as a priority next year because the country has plenty of natural gas reserves. Despite the fact that car manufacturers applauded the government’s decision to support NGV market, they emphasized there is not sufficient refueling infrastructure for these vehicles.

“We already produced a car that uses compressed natural gas, but before we can start to market it, we have to make sure that the infrastructure is there,” the president director of Tata Motors Indonesia, Biswadev Sengupta, explained, as reported by The Jakarta Globe. Currently, there are 21 natural gas filling stations operational in Jakarta and 100 additional under construction. Moreover, the government seeks to convert public transport fleet to CNG, including the distribution of conversion kits for operators and a plan to construct 33 more refueling sites throughout the country. “There are many people who have started installing the kits in their cars, both in public transportation vehicles and private cars,” revealed MM Christianti, manager of kit distributor Autogas Indonesia.

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December 2012

Asian NGV statistics

NGV statistics

Natural Gas Vehicles Country

Total

Cars/LDVs

Pakistan 3.100.000 Iran 2.900.000 India 1.500.000 China 1.200.000 Thailand 352.652 Uzbekistan 310.000 Armenia 244.000 Bangladesh 200.000 Russia 86.012 Malaysia 53.783 Japan 41.463 South Korea 35.872 Myanmar 30.005 Tajikistan 10.600 Kyrgyzstan 6.000 Singapore 5.522 Indonesia 5.520 Turkey 3.850 Australia 3.500 Kazakhstan 3.200 Georgia 3.000 United Arab Emirates 1.751 Vietnam 462 New Zealand 201 Philippines 71 Turkmenistan Asia 10.097.464

MD/HD buses

Refuelling stations

MD/HD trucks

Others

Total

180.000

3.330 1.908 724 2.800 481 175 345 600 249 173 329 190 51 53 6 4 14 14 51 2 50 17 7 14 3 1 11.591

2.919.500 2.893.948 1.469.004 789.070 291.321 310.000 192.000 137.000 55.002 53.129 16.102 3.049 26.526 10.600 6.000 5.508 4.850 1.850 100 3.000 3.000 1.750 400 19 11

500 6.036 23.376 299.025 15.699

16 715 6.905 61.905 50.000 43.870 1.762

17.300 10.000 12.900 594 1.542 31.833 3.475

34.700 27.000 26.000 18.060 50 60 22.015 1.804 980 10 4

9.192.739

426.766

14 400 2.000 1.700 200 1 50 61 60

20

250

950

750

12 84

37

210.331 267.628

World reviews Region

Total NGVs

3.330 1.873 405 2.600 456 175 9 600 208 171 287 185 51 53 6 3 14 8 4 2 50 16 7 1 1 10.515

Private

35 319 200 25

Monthly gas consumption (M Nm3)

VRA

Planned

245,75 480,00 163,21

400 400

9 0

285,17

50 336 41 2 42 5

15 2 2

26,52 91,55 30,40 14,80

13 4 10 612

93,00 4,13 0,60 1,03

1 4 6 47

39 90

1

35 130

18

1

1.020

814

4,20

14 2 1.076

1.440

Last update March 2012 June 2012 February 2012 October 2012 September 2012 November 2011 September 2011 September 2011 May 2012 July 2012 March 2012 January 2012 May 2012 December 2007 December 2007 December 2011 October 2011 December 2011 October 2011 July 2012 August 2011 September 2011 July 2012 December 2010 October 2011 November 2009 October 2012

World review Cars /LDVs

NGVs Stations NGVs Fuelling Stations Population Increase Growth Increase Growth

MD/HD MD/HD Fuelling Others Buses Trucks Stations

Asia-Pacific 9.760.602 8.940.887 394.566 Eurasia 336.862 251.852 32.200 Africa 188.220 186.313 1.463 Europe 1.428.888 1.041.026 246.111 Central and South America4.640.0074.616.42713.920 North America 131.036 113.100 13.230 Total 16.485.615 15.149.605 701.490

157.571 267.578 52.760 50 85 359 141.000 751 9.660 0 2.506 2.200 363.582 270.938

10.933 658 161 3.424 4.931 1.132 21.239

2002 2.309.974 5.482 2003 3.254.841 6.666 944.867 2004 3.850.657 7.842 595.816 2005 4.687.230 9.077 836.573 2006 5.647.314 10.647 960.084 2007 7.546.636 12.214 1.899.322 2008 9.560.284 14.539 2.013.648 2009 11.152.339 16.970 1.592.055 2010 13.136.556 18.745 1.984.217 Dec. 2011 14.550.720 20.681 1.414.164 2002-2011 Nine years review 12.240.746

41% 18% 22% 20% 34% 27% 17% 18% 11% 530%

1.184 1.176 1.235 1.570 1.567 2.325 2.431 1.775 1.936 15.199

Cities with CNG refuelling stations

Fuel Prices Premium Regular

Country Gasoline Gasoline Diesel (Euro/litre) (Euro/litre)

Armenia Australia Bangladesh China Egypt India Indonesia Iran Japan Malaysia Pakistan Philippines Russia Singapore South Korea Thailand Uzbekistan Vietnam

Public

0,96 0,77 0,52 0,77 0,28 1,08 0,44 0,10 1,60 0,91 0,76 0,78 0,94 1,57 1,13 0,80 1,25

(Euro/litre)

0,91 0,72 0,49 0,73 0,12 1,04 0,31 0,07 1,49 0,44

0,70

0,90 0,72 1,17

0,83 0,78 0,34 0,68 0,14 0,67 0,33 0,01 1,30 0,42 0,93 0,60 0,72 0,67 0,72 0,77 0,68 0,92

CNG (Euro/ Nm3)

0,38 0,34 0,18 0,43 0,06 0,49 0,18 0,03 1,05 0,16 0,76 0,26 0,22 0,70 0,62 0,20 0,23 0,89

CNG price CNG price equivalent per equivalent per litre gasoline litre diesel

0,34 0,30 0,16 0,39 0,05 0,44 0,16 0,02 0,81 0,13 0,68 0,23 0,20 0,63 0,48 0,18 0,21 0,80

0,39 0,35 0,18 0,44 0,06 0,50 0,18 0,03 0,89 0,16 0,78 0,27 0,23 0,72 0,53 0,20 0,24 0,91

Country

Number of Cities

Armenia Australia Bangladesh China India Indonesia Iran Malaysia Myanmar Pakistan Philippines Russia Singapore South Korea Taiwan Thailand Turkey UAE Total

37 3 8 74 42 2 597 6 4 50 1 198 1 49 1 39 2 4 1.118

Last update Mar. '08 Nov. '09 Nov. '05 Sept. '04 Nov. '10 Sept. '08 Nov. '11 Oct. '06 Oct. '11 Apr. '08 Oct.'05 May '12 Jul. '05 Jan. '12 Apr'. 05 Aug '08 Aug. '04 Jul. '11

3.298 1.118

Asia

Worlwide

22% 18% 16% 17% 15% 19% 17% 10% 10% 277%

ISO 15500 ISO 9000

BUREAU VERITAS Certification

Nº 224008 / Nº 105507

Asian shares in the NGV world is 61% for vehicles and 55% for stations

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