Nieuws Nummer 114, maart/april 2014
AANGESLOTEN BIJ
Woord van de voorzitter Op het moment dat ik dit artikel schrijf ligt het Stumico event waarin BIM in infraprojecten is behandeld alweer een week achter ons. De video opnames daarvan zijn zoals gewoonlijk nog te bekijken via de Stumico site en tijdens het monteren werd ik weer enthousiast over de presentatie van Crossrail. Daar hebben ze BIM gebruikt zoals BIM is bedoeld. Echt opgezet voor de gehele lifecycle met na de realisatie een conversie van de objecten ten behoeve van assetmanagement. Je moet maar durven. Maar ja voor 14,8 miljard Britse ponden kan je ook wel iets doen. Moet je nagaan dat als je met BIM 1% bespaart je al 148 miljoen bespaart!!! Wat ik heel opvallend vond is dat ze de kwaliteit van de leveringen van de contractors beoordelen volgens een vaste systematiek en de resultaten daarvan gewoon op de website publiceren. Je kon dus in één kwadrant zien hoe de kwaliteit van de aannemers was. De spreker, Stephen Smith, gaf aan dat er een positieve competitie ontstond waardoor de contractors betere kwaliteit gingen leveren. Ik vroeg mij toen af wat er zou gebeuren als we dat in Nederland zouden doen. Stel je voor: Rijks Waterstaat publiceert op haar site een grafiek met de beoordeling van alle aannemers. Hoe zou daarop gereageerd worden? Zou dit ook een positieve competitie opleveren of zouden we via de rechter de beoordelingscriteria ter discussie stellen? U mag die vraag voor mij beantwoorden. Op het eind van de meeting werd er een korte enquete gehouden over wat stellingen ie handelden over het idee dat de UK verder is met BIM dan in Nederland. Een van de stellingen was dat de overheden en opdrachtgevers meer BIM moesten voorschrijven dan kwam het bij ons ook wel goed. Een ruime meerderheid was het daarmee eens. Ik ook. Op de terugweg zat ik daarover nog eens na te denken en eigenlijk is het vreemd dat wij zo reageren wat mij deed denken aan een discussie die ik begin 2004 met onze algemeen directeur over BIM had. Mijn bedoeling was dat er meer druk vanuit de directie moest komen om BIM te gebruiken. Nadat ik alle noodzaak om BIM toe te passen had toegelicht en vooral had gewezen op de voordelen had hij maar
slechts een vraag: Als BIM zoveel oplevert is er toch geen druk van mij nodig dan past de business het echt zelf wel toe. Eigenlijk geldt dit hier ook. Op alle meetings over BIM, waar en door wie dan ook krijgen we te horen wat voor voordelen BIM allemaal oplevert. Voor het bedrijf zelf, voor de opdrachtgever, voor de prijs en noem maar op. Een en al voordeel dus voor iedereem!! Maar we gaan het pas gebruiken als het van hoger hand voorgeschreven wordt. Snapt u het nog? Ik ga afsluiten met de mededeling dat we de komende ALV afscheid gaan nemen van 3 bestuursleden. Bastiaan de Bevere heeft een nieuwe uitdaging bij een ander bedrijf gevonden en wil zich helemaal daarop richten. Bastiaan veel succes met de nieuwe uitdaging. Edwin Dado is zoals afgesproken niet meer herkiesbaar en neemt na 6 jaar afscheid van Stumico. Edwin we zullen je input missen want jij zorgde altijd voor de wat populair wetenschappenlijke achtergronden over diverse ICT in de Bouw zaken. Daarnaast was hij onze vaste cameraman tijdens de events. Ook Nico Ruikes treedt af. Nico kon altijd heel goed vertalen wat interessant was voor de leden en hoe we dat moesten brengen. Wat is zeer gewaardeerd heb is dat Nico nooit en te nimmer heeft geprobeerd zijn werkgever op wat voor manier dan ook te bevoordelen. Bastiaan, Edwin en Nico namens alle leden bedankt voor jullie inzet voor Stumico en we gaan jullie zeker missen. Afscheid nemen betekent ook nieuwe mensen voorstellen maar dat doen we in de volgende nieuwsbrief na de ALV Ruud van Tongeren - Voorzitter
In dit nummer Woord van de voorzitter
1
Creating the Dutch National BIM Levels of Development
2
Advertorial: Matrix
6
Advertorial: Itannix - Visie op Open BIM
7
Rekensoftware in de bouw en civiele techniek
8
The Crossrail project
9
Column Peter Gloudemans
11
Oproep voor nieuwe bestuursleden
11
Activiteitenagenda 2014
11
Donateurs
Creating the Dutch National BIM Levels of Development Auteur: Leon van Berlo - TNO This article describes the research and development of the Dutch national standard for information levels of BIM. The US developed “Levels of Development” LOD have become increasingly popular in the Netherlands. However, more and more projects felt the need to develop an additional LOD250 and LDO350. It became clear that the Dutch design- and engineering process needed different information levels to operate effectively. During an R&D project that involved 9 Dutch SME companies research was done focused on the levels needed in the Dutch AEC industry. During this project the team also looked at several other information levels like the Danish, the Australian, the UK RIBA information and the LOD concept in CityGML. The project team came up with 7 information levels. A matrix was developed on which construction objects where linked to the 7 levels. Several companies in different BIM projects tested this matrix in practice. Results from this test were concluded in a guideline for effective use of the information levels and the matrix. This paper will describe the test results and the resulting recommendations for practical use of the standard in the Netherlands. Furthermore an experiment was conducted to automatically identify the detail of the geometry of an IFC model. This was done by analyzing several characteristics like number of objects per m3, number of geometrical triangles per object, etc. The results of this geometrical test are also added in this artiIntroduction & Problem statement While the concept of “LOD” (different explanations for the abbreviation occur) is gaining popularity in the Netherlands, the confusion about the content of a model on a certain level is also growing. It is not clear to anyone what kind of information should be available in a model on a particular level. That doesn’t stop people from asking for LODn00 models. In any serious BIM project the question is asked to all of the partners what kind of information they need to do their job. A common reply to that question is to name an LOD level. Some companies even tell the rest of the team that work only starts for them when the model is on a certain level. The Model Element Table to fill in the exact model requirements is almost never used so just mentioning an LOD number is still not clear to the team. However, everybody has his or her own idea of what a LODn00 model is, or should be. Questionnaires in the form of quizzes were done in the Netherlands showing pictures of BIM and asking people what LOD level the model. The opinion of the model creator was only known by the researcher. Almost none of the responses were the same as the original opinion of the model creator. For some projects there were separate models for the construction, the architecture and the MEP according to the concept of aspectmodels . All of those models were classified as the same LOD, but the respondents estimated them differently. The problem is that the industry has run of with the concept of LOD, without defining it properly. Every person has an individual opinion on what a LODn00 model is or should be. The reason why the concept of LODs is so popular is because is gives an impression about a moment in the process. More developed models will likely be more stable and less subject to change. When a project partner, like the MEP engineer, receives a model from the architect it should be clear what the expected response should be. With BIM tools an architect can model very detai-
led models that seem to be almost ready to be build. An MEP engineer therefore starts to model very detailed MEP models and sends them back to the architect. However, the model from the architect was just a first draft and it still changes dramatically. Because is was not clear that the model was just a very early design phase sketch the modeling of the MEP engineer could be considered as failure costs. On the other hand some models from the architect don’t always provide enough information for the MEP engineer to perform his task. In the collaboration between multiple partners it should be required to know exactly: • What the model can be used for; • What data in the model is definite; • What confidence level is appropriate for the model; The main issue with the current specification of the LOD concept is that there is not a clear agreement and understanding of what the model can be used for. Therefore the Dutch Rijksgebouwendienst (the Dutch General Services Administration) has removed references to the LOD concept from their BIM Norm . Several efforts have been made to define the LOD levels more in depth. The next chapter evaluates the most mature, known efforts against the stated requirements. Comparison of popular LOD concepts During this project the team also looked at several other information levels like the Danish levels, the AIA, BIMforum.org, the Australian, the UK RIBA information and the LOD concept in CityGML.
The Danish Information levels In Denmark, a package of guidelines regarding 3D was developed in 2006. This was accomplished under the Digital Construction program initiated by the Danish Enterprise and Construction Authority. In June 2006 the Danish BIPS published the document “3D
Working Method 2006” . The Danish method is built up on the principle of evolving detailing. Each party will add information to the discipline model at a higher and higher level successively through the process and thus work with rising information levels within its discipline. The modeled construction objects are refined geometrically and functionally and a
number of object attributes are added and specified further during the process. On transition from one agreed phase to the next, the discipline model is locked, with a status corresponding to the current information level. This information level is the starting point for modeling in the next phase. The Danish concept uses seven information levels. The method can be adapted to traditional phasing of construction, but does not exclude the option, on a specific project, of using another division of processes and responsibilities in terms of time and content. More or fewer information levels, and different constellations of information levels between the discipline models can be used . The seven levels correspond roughly to the traditional construction phases, but the levels can be customized to other phased processes and methods, and the allocation of roles can vary in accordance with the nature of the task . Vico Model Progression Specification Vico Software (then a division of Graphisoft) began work in 2004 on a Model Progression Specification (MPS). The core of the MPS is the “Level of Detail” definitions—descriptions of the steps through which a BIM element can logically progress from the lowest level of conceptual approximation to the highest level of representational precision. The 5 levels are: Conceptual (100), Approximate geometry (200), Precise geometry (300), Fabrication (400), As-built (500). LOD identifies how much information is known about a model element at a given time . AIA LOD The AIA California Council IPD committee and the AIA Contract Documents Committee adopted the LOD concept as the core of its E202-2008 Building Information Modeling Protocol . This committee evolved the LOD concept into “Level of Development”. In 2008, the AIA developed its first set of Level of Development definitions in AIA Document E202™-2008 Building Information Modeling Protocol. Due to the rapidly evolving nature of the use of BIM, the AIA evaluated the E202–2008, including the LOD definitions. The result is the updated and reconfigured Digital Practice documents, AIA E203™– 2013, Building Information Modeling and Digital Data Exhibit, AIA G201™–2013, Project Digital Data Protocol Form, and AIA G202™–2013, Project Building Information Modeling Protocol Form, which are accompanied by a detailed guide document entitled Guide and Instructions to the AIA Digital Practice Documents. The AIA’s updated Digital Practice documents include revised LOD definitions .
BIMforum LOD To help further the standardization and consistent use of the LOD concept, and to increase its usefulness as a foundation for collaboration, the AIA agreed to allow BIMForum. org to utilize its latest LOD definitions in this Specification. In early 2011, the LOD Working Group was formed under the auspices of the BIMForum and began developing the LOD framework into a consensus-based document. The LOD definitions that are used in this document are identical to those to be published in the AIA’s updated Digital Practice Documents, with two exceptions: - First, the working group identified the need for an LOD that would define model elements sufficiently developed to facilitate coordination between disciplines—e.g., clash detection/avoidance, layout, etc. The requirements for this level are higher than those for 300, but not as high as those for 400, thus it was designated LOD 350. The AIA documents do not include LOD 350, but the associated Guide and Instructions references it. - Second, while LOD 500 is included in the AIA’s LOD definitions, the working group did not feel it was necessary to further define and illustrate LOD 500 in this Specification because it relates to field verification. Accordingly the expanded descriptions and graphical illustrations in this Specification are limited to LOD 100-400 . The first draft of the resulting Level of Development Specification was released for public comment at the Miami BIMForum on April 2013 . US veterans affairs and 2010 and Australia’s NatSPEC 2011 To facilitate BIM development, in 2010 the US Veterans Affairs has provided the Object Element Matrix that defines object and element properties and attributes by Uniformat/ OmniClass classification and Level of Development (LoD) . It is a spreadsheet to be used for identifying and tracking BIM information during the project. It depicts Building Information Typologies/Types, when they are relevant, and to what level of development (LOD) throughout a building lifecycle. It is an expansion of AIA Document E202 BIM Protocol Exhibit to support a greater level of understanding of BIM information use. The initiative and spreadsheet were adopted by Australia’s NatSPEC in its BIM Object/Element Matrix . UK RIBA, BSI and NBS In the UK BSI published PAS 1192-2 (Specification for information management for the capital/delivery phase of construction projects using
building information modeling) in 2013 . This document defines the following abbreviations: - A.77 levels of model detail (LOD): Description of graphical content of models at each of the stages defined for example in the CIC Scope of Services. - A.78 levels of model information (LOI): Description of non-graphical content of models at each of the stages defined for example in the CIC Scope of Services. The document shows the level of graphical and non-graphical information slowly developing throughout the project (alongside additional documentation). The RIBA Plan of Work was published in 2013. As part of Stage 1 “Preparation and Brief”, one key task that should take place before design begins is the production of a Design Responsibility Matrix . NBS has developed several tools to support the production of this document. Private excel sheets Several private BIM modeling companies have all created their own so called “demarcation” lists. This (mostly spreadsheet) lists define the border of what should be modeled in a particular phase of the process. These initiatives also show the necessity to define what information is needed to perform a specific given task. The current definition of LOD concepts is not explicit enough for this. General/overall conclusion There seems to be a consensus that a focus on geometry (“Level of Detail”) isn’t the key issue. Years ago already the LOD abbreviation was changed to “Level of Development” making geometry and non-geometric information equally important. Although the Danish had this covered already in 2006. The LOD concept gained traction with the AIA document. This initiative was focused on Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) and missed some tools to apply the LOD concept in other projects. With the comprehensive spreadsheet from the US Veterans affairs’ minimum BIM requirements release, the concept was made applicable for practice. However, most practitioners lost themselves in filling out huge spreadsheets without actu-
ally thinking about why they were doing it. Today initiatives like BIMforum.org and the UK initiatives agree that the concept should be used as a guideline to define project responsibilities and expectations in a project. Solution approach Four sector representative organizations and nine Dutch SME companies asked [review anonymous] to start a research and development project to address the issues that arise with the LOD concept in Dutch practice. The main issue they face is about trust. There is a need to be able to rely on the presence of sufficient information in a model to perform a given task. It should be clear what a model could be used for. The solution approach in this research project is to develop a standard or specification that defines the information that should be in a model to perform a specific task. A model on a certain level should be trusted to “be useful for” a goal. There are specific tasks and goals models are used for during different stages of a modeling process. For example cost calculation, energy simulation, checking design requirements, etc. are all tasks that are performed based on a BIM model during every stage of the process. When a model holds more detailed information (properties and geometry) these simulations will be more precise during the process. The ideal situation would be to define Model View Definitions (MVDs) for every specific task. These MVDs mostly hold the minimum information for a simulation. During a typical project process there are several simulations that have to be performed to make a decision to continue the project. The concept of LOD and, the goal of this project, were to define a more generic set of minimum required data to support decisions during GO/No-GO moments in the process. To define these tasks the team analyzed GO/No-GO moments during several BIM projects. Side step: Backwards engineering As a sidestep during this research project the team was interested if there would be a de-facto standard for the LOD 100500 levels. Therefore 35 models with different assigned LOD levels from 100 to 350 were analyzed on 10 different aspects. The aspects were number of objects, M³ Volume, number of Spaces, M³ of Spaces, number of geometric triangles, Objects/ M³, Triangles/ Volume, Objects/ Space M³, Triangles/ Space Volume, Average number of properties / Object. The complete models where analyzed, the models without proxy element and the models without proxy and furniture elements. If there would be a de-facto standard for the LOD levels, the numbers should reveal a pattern of incre-
asing complexity. This was not the case, concluding that there is no de-facto standard to be defined from the given models and characteristics.
Methodology The team analyzed GO/No-GO moments during several BIM projects. Depending on the company, the discipline of work and personal opinions the project phases that were found had different names. Research and interviews showed that there is a consensus about 7 stages with GO/No-GO moments in between. BIM models should be suited to support these discussion moments. The result is presented in the following table:
In the last row of the table a comparison is made between the levels from RIBA, Denmark, US AIA, CityGML and typical Dutch norms and currently common names. Although this effort was defined independently from the current LOD conceptual frameworks, the similarity with the Danish information levels and the UK RIBA levels was very high. This lead us to the question if more European construction processes might require a different approach to the LOD concept than the current US levels. We came to the conclusion that the Dutch industry needed 7 levels of information in BIM models. We named them 0 to 6. We listed the information that should be in the model per level and the anticipated use of where the model could be trusted to be
used for. At this stage the project delivered nothing more than an alternative to the LOD100-500. For users to be able to trust that a model holds enough information to be useful for a task, additional specifications were needed. The team decided to create a matrix with objects and properties listed per information level. Furthermore a project template had to be defined to brief project team members about project phases and related information levels for a specific project. In total there will be three deliverables: the matrix as the ‘standard’ specification of objects and properties that have to be in a model on a certain level; a practical guide how to use the concept of information levels explaining background, examples, etc. with references to the matrix; and a project template to be used in a specific BIM project to define the use of the concept. This template uses references to the practical guide and the matrix.
Results The matrix
To define what objects and properties should be in a model that is modeled on a certain level, a matrix is created. The matrix looks like:
The objects and properties are listed on the left column. For each Information Level a column is available. With ‘x’ signs the team defined which objects + properties had to be in a model on a certain level. Each decision was done with the question in mind: ‘What information should be in the model to perform the task defined for that level?’. The team recognized the potential to use a predefined list of objects and properties. Like the Danish concept a reference to an object library (or BSDD concept library) would make sense. Therefore this project extracted all the Dutch concepts and properties from the BSDD. This gave us a list of >12.000 concepts with a total of >60.000 properties. This was impractical to use to fill out the matrix. An alternative was to list all IFC objects and properties but the same issues came up with impracticalities. Finally the team decided to use the Dutch classification system NL-SFB as a base to start the definition in the matrix. Eventually the matrix hold over 2.000 properties of objects in 8 categories. The matrix is published in an online database on nationalbimguidelines. nl. The database is accessible to anyone and there are multiple options to query and filter it. Practical guide The goal of the practical guide is to explain the proposed usage of the Information Levels. Most important contents of this guide are: a position statement about the concept (background, disclaimer, definitions,); a description of the Information Levels and their proposed use; example pictures; use case examples. The guide has references to the matrix, but its mail purpose is to explain how to use the concept and the project template. The project template The project template is a tool, ideally to be used at the beginning of a project phase. It helps project teams to define how they are going to use the information levels in their specific project. It is used as a spreadsheet/table that holds a demarcation of the project. A project could be demarcated in building parts, building elements, etc. The team is free to choose this. For each section the team should agree on who will model that section (i.e. who is responsible); what the status of that model will be; what classification system is used in the model; what information level the model will have (minimal); and there is the ability to list some exceptions. A typical project template could look like the table in the next column The project template is part of the BIM protocol generator and available on bimprotocolgenerator.com.
Usage/implementation The concept of the 7 levels, the definitions and the project template where validated in Dutch projects. These pilots were the source for the information in the practical guide.
The evaluation delivered example pictures and valuable feedback that is integrated in the practical guide. Unfortunately there are not enough projects available yet that used the Dutch Information Level during multiple phases of a project, to do validated statements about the usability of the concept.
However, all users respond that the specification (the matrix) is a solution to the current lack of definitions for LOD. The most important feedbacks from practical use that are integrated in the practical guide are: • There is no strict correspondence between the Dutch Information Levels and design phases. The use of the Dutch Information Levels in a project doesn’t have to be in the same sequence as the levels. Different projects have different needs and parts of models might be more or less developed during a project. • The Dutch Information Levels define a base for the minimum level of information that has to be in the model to be used for a defined task. The project members still have to think about what they need before the start of each project (phase). • Creating a working standard for each project could improve productivity of BIM modelers. • The information in a model can be (much) more detailed than the assigned Information Level to the model. The assigned information level says something about the trustworthiness of the data in a model, not about the amount of information in it. • There is no such thing as a model on a certain Dutch Information Level. As previously stated, project models at any stage of delivery will invariably contain elements and assemblies at various levels. The use of the project template is therefore a key issue to successfully use this concept. • There is a returning request for an automated tool to validate IFC models
to the Dutch Information Levels. In addition to the previous two bullets is does not make sense to evaluate a model to assign a level to it. It would make sense to check if the minimum required information is in a model that is already labeled with a Dutch Information Level. However, because information can be hosted in the model on several different locations and manifestations it would be impossible to automate this. Using an open data standard like IFC is not enough to solve this issue. Additional MVDs could be created to facilitate this. Conclusions The main issue during the discussion about the LOD concept is, or at least should be, about trust. Project members need to be able to know what the level of trust is from the information. With increasing capabilities of BIM modeling software most BIM models will hold much more information than the assigned information level. Exchanging data and the use of Information Levels is not about the amount of information in a model, but about the level of trust that can be assigned to a model. The original approach “Where can I use this model for” fits perfect in this conclusion. There needs to be a minimum amount of information in a model to be able to use it for a task, but the real message modelers give to team members is about the level of reliance of the data. In the end a BIM model is used to make decisions in a process. Using the Dutch Information Levels as a definition project members are sure to have enough information to base their decision on. The most surprising conclusion we found during this project was that the level of detail
of the geometry of a model was not important at all. Reflection and future work This research was just a first step into the development of a stable standard for Dutch Information Levels. There are still some issues to resolve and future work to be done: • There hasn’t been enough focus on the installation (MEP) part of the matrix. The team couldn’t produce enough information from this discipline. • Level 0 is still underexposed. There is not a lot of experience with BIM information in the requirements stage of projects. • More pilots and testing needs to be conducted to validate this approach. • One of the main problems that project members don’t define (or don’t know) what they need from other team members is still not addressed with this project. Therefore we started a BIM protocol generator. The BIM protocol generator also holds the project template for the Dutch Information Levels. • The use of classification is very important on each level. The experience of Dutch modelers with correct classification seems to be insufficient. • The current Dutch Information Levels only define objects and properties. Each object and each level should also contain modeling agreements. • The link with BSDD or other concept/ object libraries could be of great value. This still has to be researched. • There is no reference from objects and properties to their equivalent in the IFC standard. • The standard definition (the matrix) is available online and will be referenced in contracts. When revisions or additions will be made to this standard it should be clear that there is a new version. References in contracts should therefore also name the version number of the Dutch Information Level standard. Acknowledgement The figures used in this article are created by ZEEP Architecten, Amersfoort
Advertorial
Itannex - Visie op Open BIM Visie op Open BIM Open BIM is een universele aanpak om op basis van open uitwisselingstandaarden en processen gezamenlijk te werken aan het ontwerp, uitvoering en beheer van bouwwerken. Op basis van de Open BIM aanpak kunnen alle partijen samenwerken, ongeacht welke software ze gebruiken. Itannex ondersteunt klanten al enkele jaren met het communiceren volgens deze open uitwisselingsstandaarden, zoals IFC en XML. Belangrijk bij deze open uitwisseling zijn goede werkafspraken en de juiste opbouw van uw native bestand en uw exportbestand. Open uitwisseling De open uitwisseling gebeurt nu onder andere via IFC. IFC staat voor Industry Foundation Classes en is een neutraal en open bestandsformaat voor het uitwisselen van bouwinformatie, waardoor er informatie kan worden uitgewisseld tussen partijen zonder dat men gebonden is aan een bepaald softwarepakket. Het doel van IFC is om binnen een BIM samenwerking modellen en bestanden uit te kunnen wisselen. Er wordt samengewerkt met aspectmodellen op basis van uitwisseling met IFC export bestanden. Een systeem waarbij elke partij zijn eigen 3D model heeft en beheert en deze worden uitgewisseld op basis van IFC exports, waarna afstemming plaatsvindt. Het afstemmen van de modellen dient te geschieden door middel van clash-controles die worden uitgevoerd door de BIMregisseur (een aannemer, architect, of externe BIM specialist). Een clash controle wordt vaak uitgevoerd met externe software, zoals Navisworks, Solibri of BIM 360. Een andere open uitwisselingsstandaard is XML. Deze standaard heeft Itannex toegepast bij de in eigen beheer ont- wikkelde FABwindow module, waarbij in Revit gemakkelijk realistische kozijnmodellen kunnen worden gemaakt. Deze kunnen vervolgens via XML direct worden ingelezen in de productiesoftware van de fabrikant. Verderop in deze Itannova kunt u meer lezen over de in eigen beheer ontwikkelde FABwindow module, in samenwerking met Matrix software. Ook leest u verderop een artikel over ‘Uitgerekend BIM!’, een samenwerking tussen Kuijpers, BINK software en Itannex, waarbij ook gebruikt is gemaakt van een XML uitwisseling tussen de rekensoftware van BINK en Revit. Deze bi-directionele koppeling zorgt ervoor dat de gegevens over en weer in beide softwarepakketten gebruikt kunnen worden. Gegevens hoeven dus maar één keer ingevoerd te worden, wat
een enorme tijdsbesparing oplevert! Problematiek van de markt Bij een Open BIM is er, door de uitwisseling via bijvoorbeeld IFC bestanden, regelmatig sprake van dataverlies. Dit komt doordat alle software op een andere manier is opgebouwd. Dit kan gevaarlijk zijn (kans op fouten!) en kan bovendien veel extra werk kosten. Het is van groot belang dat de IFC export met de juiste instellingen wordt gemaakt, anders kan er zoals gezegd veel dataverlies optreden. Itannex kan de IFC export bestanden voor u optimaliseren, zodat?er kan worden uitgewisseld, geclasht en gecoördineerd in de coördinatie software (BIM 360, Solibri of Navisworks). Ook de opbouw van het native model moet op de juiste manier, bijvoorbeeld door het nulpunt op de juiste plek te plaatsen. Tot slot moet men zich realiseren dat wanneer er een centraal model wordt gemaakt op basis van bijvoorbeeld IFC, hieruit bijvoorbeeld niet zomaar werktekeningen kunnen worden gegenereerd. Dit gebeurt normaal gesproken in de native software. Dit zijn allemaal overwegingen om rekening mee te houden, wanneer er bij een project gekeken wordt naar de aanpak en het BIM proces. BIM 360 Helemaal in de Open BIM gedachte heeft Autodesk eind 2013 BIM 360 gelanceerd.
Met deze software wordt de kracht van het internet gebruikt om virtueel te ontwerpen, samen te werken en informatie en modellen te beheren. Dit zorgt voor een perfecte stroomlijning van uw eigen proces en van uw samenwerkingspartners. Lees op de achterzijde van deze Itannova alles over de BIM 360 producten. De toekomst Alle ontwikkelingen op het gebied van software en BIM zullen ervoor zorgen dat Open BIM gewoon de standaard zal worden van BIM. Er moet gewoon onafhankelijk van de gekozen software gewerkt kunnen worden. TNO heeft al eerder onderzoek gedaan naar het op de juiste manier inzetten van BIM en kwam met onderstaand schema als conclusie. Links in het schema is de uitvoeringskant, met het zogenaamde ‘ag- gregate model’ (één integraal model) en rechts de ontwerpkant, met de verschillende modellen van de disciplines (o.a. architect, constructeur en installatie-adviseur). Uitwisseling gebeurt op basis van IFC.
Rekensoftware in de bouw en civiele techniek De vereniging Stumico heeft een lange historie op het gebied van rekensoftware in de bouw en civiele techniek. Herman Oogink, bestuurslid van Stumico en CTO bij Nemetschek Scia, kijkt in deze special over rekensoftware terug en vooruit. Ontwikkeling rekensoftware In de jaren tachtig ontwikkelden Stumicoleden zelf kleine softwaremodules ter ondersteuning van de dagelijkse praktijk van constructeurs, met behulp van Visual Basic of gewoon een spreadsheet. Deze deelden zij met elkaar in verenigingsverband. Gaandeweg heeft de hele ICT-sector en dus ook de ontwikkeling van rekensoftware een grote vlucht genomen. Tegenwoordig zijn er diverse professionele EEM-software applicaties op de markt waarmee constructeurs niet alleen een ligger op twee steunpunten kunnen uitrekenen, maar ook complexe 3D modellen kunnen doorrekenen. De analysemodellen, die ten grondslag liggen aan hun berekeningen, zijn met geavanceerde tools snel en volledig grafisch op te bouwen. Meerdere materialen daarbij gebruiken is geen issue. De noodzakelijke normtoetsingen voor bijvoorbeeld staal, beton maar ook voor aardbevingen zijn in de huidige generatie applicaties volledig geïntegreerd. Op een grafische manier krijgt de constructeur inzicht in hoe de constructie zich gedraagt onder de opgegeven lasten. Ook het niet lineair rekenen begint gemeengoed te worden. Was dit vroeger alleen beschikbaar in kostbare en complexe EEM-software, tegenwoordig is ook die functionaliteit toegankelijk en betaalbaar voor elke constructeur. Gangbare toepassingen zijn o.a.: niet lineaire doorbuigingsberekening van een vloer, het berekenen van metselwerk en het plastisch berekenen van een staalstructuur. Minder gangbaar maar dankzij geavanceerde rekensoftware tegenwoordig wel mogelijk, is het ontwerpen van kunststof
bruggen en sluisdeuren en de toepassing van composietmaterialen. Belastingen zoals wind en sneeuw, maar ook mobiele lasten op bruggen, zijn voortaan automatisch te genereren, wat veel werk uit handen neemt. Samengevat kan de huidige constructeur met meer inzicht en materiaalkeuze in kortere tijd alternatieven doorrekenen en zien wat de consequenties van zijn beslissingen zijn. Trends en toekomstperspectief De laatste trend gestuurd door de toepassing van Building Information Modelling, is dat analyse-modellen gelijktijdig met of op basis van constructiemodellen worden gecreëerd. Hoewel hier nog haken en ogen aan zitten, omdat een constructiemodel nu eenmaal geen analysemodel is, heeft het toch voordelen. Het kan bij grote constructies namelijk veel tijd besparen in het modelleren van het analysemodel. Door dit model als referentie te linken aan het constructiemodel, heeft men vele voordelen bij wijzigingen. Wijzigingen kunnen zichtbaar gemaakt worden en deze helpen de constructeur bij het aanpassen van het analysemodel. Hoe het in de toekomst verder zal gaan is natuurlijk koffiedik kijken, maar wij geloven dat het einde nog niet in zicht is. Door parallelprocessing, webservers, cloud etc. komt er meer rekenkracht beschikbaar en zal ook het samenwerken via de cloud zijn weg vinden. De komende jaren kunnen constructies nog sneller en geavanceerder doorgerekend worden, met een nauwkeurigheid die de praktijk steeds dichter benadert. Daarmee is de structuur van een gebouw of
kunstwerk verder te optimaliseren. Nu zijn er al tools die voor de constructeur op basis van door hem opgegeven randbedingingen een constructie optimaliseren op materiaalverbruik of praktische toepasbaarheid. Dit zal zeker een bredere toepassing gaan vinden. Ondertussen gebruiken veel constructeurs ook nog eenvoudige programma’s en exel-sheets voor bijvoorbeeld het berekenen van de wapening in een betondoorsneden. Vooral omdat de constructeur gevoel wil houden met wat hij aan het doen is. Hier is op zich niets mis mee, maar het is ook de grote uitdaging voor softwareleveranciers: zorg dat ondanks steeds geavanceerdere berekeningsmogelijkheden de constructeur het gevoel houdt bij wat er gebeurt. Dit houdt in dat op alle mogelijke manieren informatie over het gedrag van de constructie beschikbaar en oproepbaar moet zijn en de constructeur kan ingrijpen waar nodig. De kennis van constructeurs blijft altijd waardevol, software kan veel werk uit handen nemen maar de constructeur is en blijft uiteindelijk verantwoordelijk. Meer informatie over de vereniging Stumico is te vinden op: www.stumico.nl Verantwoording Dit artikel is met toestemming van de redactie overgenomen uit CAD Magazine
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building information modelling (BIM), any changes you make, anywhere, are automatically updated throughout your project. The result: your design and documentation stay co-ordinated, consistent and complete.
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The Crossrail project
By Stephen Smith Application Information Manager Crossrail Project Introduction Crossrail is currently Europe’s largest civil construction project and is set to play a vital role in addressing London’s future transport needs and in securing future economic growth for the UK. The scheme will run for 118 km from Maidenhead and Heathrow in the west, through new twinbore 21 km tunnels under central London to Shenfield and Abbey Wood in the east (Figuur 1) It includes delivery of 8 new subsurface stations and 1 above ground station (http://www.crossrail.co.uk).
projects are to be BIM level 2 by 2016. Maturity level 2 is defined as a managed 3D environment held in separate discipline BIM tools with attached data with integration on the basis of proprietary interfaces or bespoke middleware and is often referred too as pBIM (proprietary BIM) (BS B/555, 2012). Crossrail initially set out its requirements for technical data management back in 2007, four years prior to the UK GCS requirements but nevertheless strives to
design since it enabled the designers to coordinate their designs with the 3D models of adjacent FDCs. This approach inherently leads to clash prevention that in turn reduced the need for clash detection. Automated Quality Assurance (QA) routines were built into the CDE workflow to ensure that the design data complied with Crossrail standards. This facility is crucial to enabling Crossrail to control the vast quantity of design data being produced on the Project. The project is being delivered entirely in fully object-oriented (intelligent) 3D CAD models that know where they are (location, coordinate system), what they are (e.g. air conditioning unit) and how they relate to other objects within a system. All CAD data was classified in accordance with Unified Classification (Uniclass -
http://www.cpic.org.uk/en/publications/ uniclass-listing.cfm) to ensure consisFiguur 1 - Crossrail traject The Project is highly complex with over 25 design contracts, 30 advanced works and 60 construction and logistics contracts, often with multiple interfaces. The potential for miscommunication and interface problems is significant. This complexity carries significant risk that must be carefully managed by Crossrail through the right enabling contractual and governance environment. The collaborative nature of BIM is viewed by Crossrail as an important way to manage this risk. UK Government BIM Requirements In 2011 the UK Government Construction Strategy (UK GCS) called for a paradigm shift in the procurement and delivery of construction projects based on a whole life “built environment” approach. The detailed programme targeted to reduce costs by up to 20% through the implementation of a wide-ranging set of measures including a more collaborative approach to procurement, supplier relationship management, client relationship management and BIM. To enable assessment of BIM the UK government has adopted a BIM maturity model, first published in BS 1192:2007. A major updated of the model was published in BS B/555 (figuur 2) shows how the growing set of BIM standards and guidance relate and how they can be applied by projects. The UK GCS stated that all public sector construction
deliver to level 2.
tency of terminology. This enables the contractors to use the models for automatic material scheduling, cost estimating, procurement, fabrication and construction.
BIM Academy Crossrail highlighted one of the major risks of implementing BIM on the Project as being an industry shortage of personnel with required BIM skills. The problem was first identified as a shortage of technical 3D model computer aided design resources. Figuur 3 - BIM Academy
Figuur 2 - BIM Maturity BIM IN PRACTICE Design Phase By the nature of its client role, Crossrail is an enabler of information management, setting the standards and requirements within which others parties collaborate to deliver the Project. A major component of Crossrail’s approach to collaborative working was esta blishing the first BS 1192:2007 Common Data Environment (CDE). Built upon a customised configuration of Bentley Systems ProjectWise, the CDE was the single location for producing design information so that it could be collated, managed and disseminated amongst the many multi-disciplinary teams. The CDE facilitated the production of an integrated
Later it was recognised that there was also a BIM knowledge and awareness issue with non-technical Project team members. To address this risk, and to bring clarity of responsibilities, Crossrail and Bentley jointly opened the UK’s first dedicated BIM Academy in February 2012 that provides free hands-on training to the Crossrail supply chain (figure 3). BIM In Construction The Project consists of many separate
construction contracts each managing specific scopes of ‘design & build’ work, generally split by stations, sections of tunnel, portals and shafts. By their nature each of these contractors, often consisting of consortium members, have different approaches to their use of BIM through the planning, manufacturing and construction phases. - Visual Construction Planning Crossrail implemented 4D in areas where there are complex interface issues or significant construction sequencing risks, known as 4D target areas. The 4D work undertaken was successful in reducing the Project risk profile, has enabled the delivery teams to explore construction options and has helped to optimise construction sequencing across multiple areas on the Project. - Field BIM Crossrail implemented a field BIM initiative focused on enabling its own Crossrail field-based operatives to gain access to BIM data on the work sites. Crossrail identified this as an important step to successful BIM implementation as it puts the BIM model in the hands of the ultimate end users. To support this initiative Crossrail developed a Field Mobility Plan that identified two principle drivers: • Ensure complete and correct BIM data is available to support appropriate decisions when managing and inspecting contractors’ work (example Figure 4). • Enable construction progress data to be captured in the field and passed back electronically to the central CDE. This reduces manual processing of information that leads to errors and delays. Figuur 4 - Inspecting - Fabrication and Manufacture Many Crossrail contractors have developed processes to extract the DGN design data from the Project CDE into interchange formats, primarily Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), to populate
station structure by contractor Laing O’Rourke ( http://www.cnplus.co.uk/
clients/crossrail/in-pictures-transportsecretary-visits-laing-orourke-steetleyfactory/8656577.article). BIM for Handover and Asset Management Crossrail anticipate that the most significant value from implementing BIM will be realised in the operations phase and in the business outcomes from operations (figure 5), known as wider scheme benefits. For example designing assets to support maintenance regimes that minimise track occupations, resulting in greater service availability for passengers. BIM should help to ensure that the built asset performs in accordance with its design criteria as well as reduces construction waste (37% of materials used in the construction industry become waste) and change (10% of project costs) (https://www.gov.uk/government/
uploads/system/uploads/attachment_ data/file/60931/John_20Tocci_20_ E2_80_93_20BIM_20presentation.pdf). To realise these wider scheme benefits Crossrail is working towards integrating the design and construction phases of the Project with the handover and operations phase through a number of initiatives working closely with the intended operators and maintainers of the railway. Figuur 5 CONCLUSION Starting back in 2007 Crossrail established a solid information management foundation built upon lessons from previous major UK civil projects. Crossrail are creating an intelligent 3D Model with
linked databases managing associated project data so it is argued that the Project is substantially delivering to the UK GCS BIM Level 2.
their own fabrication and manufacturing systems. One example is the wide scale “off-site” fabrication of Custom House
The design complexity of the Crossrail programme of works required that Crossrail as a client provided a collaborative and integrated design environment to enable successful project delivery. The 3D Model based CDE and the use of a BS1192 managed workflow has contri-
buted significantly to the management and delivery of an integrated design and the production of the construction drawings. As the project shifted focus in 2011/12 into detailed architectural and MEP design, Crossrail made changes aimed at maximising BIM during this critical design phase. The major changes have been to strengthen the use of the 3D model for design coordination and review and to integrate the 3D model with the design assurance process. Early evidence shows that these changes have had a positive impact on quality and consistency of design. Time will tell whether this also leads to downstream efficiencies by reducing cost of rework on site. Extending the use of the BIM model into construction has been more limited and sporadic across the Project for a number of reasons. The majority of the major construction contracts were already awarded and partly executed making implementing changes difficult to justify. Additionally since the contractors have full responsibility for their own detailed design and construction works, Crossrail sought to apply a light touch approach to construction management. This has subsequently resulted in a varied application of BIM practices by the contractors throughout their procurement, fabrication and construction phases. Some of the contractors are using the BIM models extensively and where this is happening it is having a positive impact of improving communication and collaboration amongst the project teams. Crossrail in its client roll has made considerable progress implementing 4D and in developing the foundations for field BIM. Crossrail anticipates that the most significant benefits from BIM will be realised from 2016 when the Project begins its phased asset handover to the railway owner operators. To this end Crossrail is currently focused on setting out clear guidance and standards on the collection of asset information and has provided the environment to enable asset information to be linked to the BIM model. This helps to tie the asset management phase of the project into the design phase that it is hoped will enable a consistent and complete final “as-built” BIM model handover to the owner operator to maximising benefits from BIM during operations and maintenance. Stumico would like to thank Stephen Smith for his excellent presentation on the last meeting and his contribution for this newletter
Colofon Stumico Nieuwsbrief is een officiële uitgave van de Studievereniging voor Microcomputers. Missie Stumico heeft als missie om voor en door haar leden richtinggevend te zijn in bouw-ICT, waarbij wij de volgende twee strategische doelstellingen willen bereiken: 1. Hèt kennis- en praktijkplatform voor ICT in de bouw, de traditionele rol van Stumico. Een vereniging van en voor praktijkmensen die actief zijn in het bouwproces, om te leren van elkaars ervaring. 2. Richtinggevend in bouw-ICT, de nieuwe doelstelling vanaf 2013. Hierbij gaat het om het mede-bepalen van de strategische sectorale agenda, stellingname en meningen over actuele thema’s en toegepast onderzoek. Fundament van dit alles is nadrukkelijk de praktijkervaring van Stumico-leden. Statement Het plaatsen van een logo, advertentie, of een artikel waar een product wordt beschreven betekent niet dat Stumico een voorkeur uitspreekt voor de genoemde leverancier en/of producten Bestuur Voorzitter • Ruud van Tongeren Penningmeester • Frens Pries Secretaris • Herman Oogink Leden • Edwin Dado • Maarten Slee • Bastiaan de Bevere • Nico Ruikes Secretariaat Postbus 411 2800 AK Gouda
[email protected] Lidmaatschap Aan- en afmeldingen of wijzigingen kunnen schriftelijk of via E-mail aan het secretariaat worden doorgegeven Website
www.stumico.nl
Column Social media benutten voor social business Welke mening u er ook over heeft, sociale media zijn niet meer uit ons leven weg te denken. Mensen zijn namelijk sociale wezens die graag met anderen contacten onderhouden en ervaringen delen. Dat maken sociale media eenvoudiger dan ooit tevoren mogelijk. Begrijpelijk, maar tegelijkertijd jammer, proberen de meest populaire platformen, zoals Facebook, Google+, LinkedIn en Twitter allemaal geld te verdienen met advertenties. Oftewel hun leden zijn of worden de melkkoeien. Gelukkig zijn er ook platformen, zoals 3DSWYM en Yammer, die speciaal zijn ontwikkeld en worden ingezet om waarde toe te voegen aan de communicatie en innovatie binnen bedrijven. Wie de berichtgeving over succesvolle bedrijven op social media volgt, ontdekt al snel dat zij sociale media steeds meer gaan benutten voor social business. Elk bedrijf moet met zijn producten en diensten waarde toevoegen voor klanten om te kunnen blijven bestaan. Dat kan een bijzonder creatief of duurzaam ontwerp zijn, de toezegging dat een gebouw tijdig binnen het beschikbare budget wordt opgeleverd, of gedeeltelijke bijdragen daaraan. Porter heeft dat managementprincipe inzichtelijk gemaakt met zijn waardeketen. Een mooi voordeel van sociale media is het feit dat bedrijven daarmee eenvoudiger en sneller dan ooit tevoren zowel bestaande klanten als potentieel nieuwe kunnen betrekken bij hun productontwikkeling en -testen. Oftewel cocreatie. Nog interessanter wordt het als bedrijven door hun dagelijkse aanwezigheid op sociale media eerder dan voorheen vraagveranderingen of trends in hun markt signaleren en daarop kunnen anticiperen. Vorig jaar heeft Avanade de resultaten bekendgemaakt van een wereldwijd onderzoek naar de opkomst van social collaboration binnen organisaties (1000 C-level managers en 4000 medewerkers). Daaruit kwam onder andere naar voren dat Nederlandse bedrijven vooral op de consument gerichte social media gebruiken. Het gebruik van zakelijke oplossingen met sociale functionaliteit lag destijds met 24 procent lager dan het wereldwijd gemiddelde van 30%. Door productontwerpers, engineers en marketeers via een marktspecifiek social businessplatform te verbinden met klanten zijn innovaties zowel sneller te ontwikkelen als op de markt te brengen. Dus de totale ‘time-to-market’ aanzienlijk te verkorten. In sterk concurrerende markten als de automobielsector en consumentenproducten wordt dat al volop toegepast. Innovatieve bedrijven zijn tegenwoordig niet
meer op zoek naar ICT-oplossingen die ze helpen om de efficiency met 10 tot 20% te verhogen. Ze zoeken naar manieren om in samenwerking met klanten en ketenpartners sneller unieke innovaties te kunnen ontwikkelen. Waarom zakelijke sociale media daar een bijdrage aan kunnen leveren? Omdat de hele wereld socialer aan het worden is en social business oplossingen zowel mensen van binnen als buiten de organisatie verbindt. Ze helpen ook afdelingen die vroeger achter elkaar werkten (productontwerp, engineering en marketing) om eenvoudig integraal met elkaar samen te werken. Kortom, ook al vindt u dat uw kinderen of vrienden veel teveel over zichzelf op Facebook en andere media posten, sluit uw ogen niet voor de kansen die social business biedt! Bekijk voor mee informatie: http://www.marketingfacts.nl/topic/social-business Of lees nog eens de laatste alinea van Bouwen wordt een 3DEXPERIENCE in Stumico nieuwsbrief 111 Peter Gloudemans
OPROEP Zoals u hierboven kunt lezen zijn wij op zoek naar nieuwe bestuursleden. Wij hebben het volgende profiel opgesteld:
• • • • • •
Geen leverancier om neutraliteit uit te stralen Interesse in wat Stumico doet Beide benen in de praktijk Geinteresseerd in ICT toepassingenvoor de Bouw. Geen ICT’er Energiek persoon, gedreven en gemotiveerd om de vereniging vooruit te helpen.
Bent u geinteresseerd laat het ons dan even weten door een mail te sturen naar
[email protected] of benader een van de bestuursleden. Hun E-mail adressen staan op de site www.stumico.nl
Agenda 2014 24 april • BIM en GIS interoperability • ALV 12 juni 2014 • BIM en de rol van de model leur deel 2 25 september 2014 • Mobiel werken, Apps en Augmented Reality 30 oktober 2014 • Excursie timmerfabriek 27 november 2014 • Beheer en Onderhoud 11 december 2014 • Excursie naar staalfabriek
