135
APPENDIX B QUESTIONNAIRES FORM (Indonesia) Yth responden, Perkenalkan nama saya Raina Choer, mahasiswi Universitas Binus International. Saat ini saya sedang dalam proses mengerjakan tugas akhir (skripsi) yang berjudul “Quality Gap and Willingness to Pay a Price Premium: A Study on National Brand and Private Label Product in Hypermarket Sector in Jakarta”. Tujuan utama skripsi ini, saya ingin mengetahui hal apa yang membuat konsumen membayar lebih untuk merek nasional dibanding merek toko. Maka dari itu, saya mohon bantuan anda untuk membantu kelancaran skripsi saya dengan menjawab beberapa pertanyaan berikut. Atas kerjasama anda, saya ucapkan terima kasih banyak yang setulus-tulusnya. Salam, Raina Choer. Bagian I. (Mohon lingkari jawaban yang anda pilih) PROFIL RESPONDEN 1. Jenis Kelamin a. Pria
b. Wanita
2. Usia a. < 21 tahun b. 21 - 30 tahun
c. 31 - 40 tahun d. > 40 tahun
3. Total pengeluaran dalam melakukan belanja bulanan untuk keperluan rumah tangga? a. < Rp. 1.000.000 c. Rp. 3.000.001 - Rp. 5.000.000 b. Rp. 1.000.001 - Rp. 3.000.000 d. > Rp. 5.000.000 4. Daerah tempat tinggal anda a. Jakarta Utara b. Jakarta Pusat c. Jakarta Timur
d. Jakarta Barat e. Jakarta Selatan f. Lainnya (sebutkan) …………
136 5. Pekerjaan anda sekarang a. Mahasiswa / pelajar b. Ibu rumah tangga c. Karyawan swasta ……………
d. Pengusaha/usaha mandiri e. Pegawai Negeri Swasta (PNS) f. Lainnya (sebutkan)
6. Berapa banyak jumlah orang yang tinggal dalam rumah anda (termasuk anda)? a. 1 - 2 orang d. > 6 orang b. 3 - 4 orang c. 5 - 6 orang
Bagian II. 1. Apakah anda yang melakukan belanja keperluan rumah tangga anda perbulan seperti pangan dan keperluan rumah tangga di toko modern (Hypermarket)? a. Ya (Silahkan lanjutkan ke pertanyaan berikutnya) b. Tidak (Stop sampai disini, terima kasih atas partisipasi anda) 2. Hypermarket manakah yang biasa anda kunjungi? (Pilih salah satu) a. Carrefour d. Lotte Mart b. Hypermart e. Lainnya (Sebutkan) ………… c. Giant
Untuk memperjelas pengertian dari private label atau merek toko dan merek nasional, berikut penjelasan mengenai kedua hal tersebut. v “Private label” atau yang bisa disebut dengan merek toko, adalah sebuah produk yang diproduksi sendiri oleh perusahaan tersebut. Merek toko tersebut didistribusikan dan dijual hanya di toko ritel yang bersangkutan. Dewasa ini, merek toko sudah mulai menjamur di hypermarket di Indonesia (contohnya: Carrefour, Hypermart, Giant, dan Lotte Mart). Di mata konsumen, merek toko tersebut berhasil menjadi barang yang mempunyai harga lebih murah dibanding merek nasional, dan memiliki kualitas yang dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai merek alternative. v Merek nasional adalah sebuah produk yang diproduksi oleh perusahaan multinasional. Merek nasional tersebut didistribusikan dan dijual secara masal dalam skala nasional dan internasional. Pada saat ini, merek yang menjadi pemain-pemain besar di Indonesia adalah produk perusahaan Nestle (contoh:
137 Milo, Dancow, Nescafe, dll), produk perusahaan Indofood (contoh: Indomie, tepung bogasari, sambal ABC, dll), produk perusahaan Wings (contoh: krim ekonomi, daia, mie sedap, dll).
Berdasarkan penjelasan diatas, dengan produk kategori tertentu berikut beberapa contoh private label atau merek toko yang berlaku di CARREFOUR di Jakarta. 3. Dari ke-4 produk kategori diatas (minuman, produk rumah tangga, perawatan pribadi, dan makanan ringan kemasan), manakah produk kategori yang paling sering anda beli pada saat melakukan belanja bulanan untuk kebutuhan rumah tangga? a. Minuman (contoh: air mineral, minuman sari buah, susu, teh, kopi, dll) b. Perawatan pribadi (contoh: kapas, tisu, perawatan rambut, pasta gigi, perawatan wajah, sabun mandi, shampoo, dll) c. Produk rumah tangga (contoh: deterjen bubuk, pewangi pakaian, pembersih lantai, pembersih alat-alat rumah tangga, dll) d. Makanan ringan kemasan (contoh: permen, keripik kentang, coklat, dll)
Berdasarkan produk kategori pada jawaban no.3. Jawablah pertanyaan berikut ini. Berilah tanda (X) pada kotak yang tersedia terhadap pendapat yang anda pilih.
138
No
Pertanyaan
1
Pada kategori tersebut, berbagai produk baru sering diperkenalkan Terdapat berbagai jenis produk baru yang diperkenalkan dalam kategori tersebut. Pada rak produk tersebut diletakkan, saya tidak bisa membedakan kemasan merk toko dengan kemasan merk nasional Pada kategori tersebut, kemasan pada merk toko dan merk nasional sangat mirip. Merek nasional tersebut sering melakukan iklan diberbagai media (contohnya: koran, majalah, radio, televisi, dll) Terdapat banyak sekali iklan tentang produk kategori tersebut
2
3
4
5
6
Sangat tidak setuju
Tidak setuju
Agak Agak tidak setuju setuju
Setuju
Sangat setuju
139
No
Pertanyaan
7
Banyak sekali penawaran harga menarik pada produk tersebut Saya sangat mudah mendapatkan penawaran harga menarik pada kategori tersebut Saya merasa bahwa merek toko di kategori tersebut diproduksi oleh pabrikan yang sama dengan merek nasional Saya merasa bahwa produk tersebut sulit diproduksi Saya percaya barang-barang mahal mempunyai kualitas lebih bagus dibanding barang-barang murah Saya percaya semakin mahal harga barang tersebut, semakin bagus kualitas barang tersebut.
8
9
10
11
12
Sangat tidak setuju
Tidak setuju
Agak Agak tidak setuju setuju
Setuju
Sangat setuju
140
13
Pada kategori tersebut, saya yakin merek nasional mempunyai kualitas yang sangat bagus. Pada kategori tersebut, saya yakin merek toko mempunyai kualitas yang sangat bagus
14
15. Saya bersedia untuk membeli produk merek nasional dengan harga lebih mahal …..% (beri tanda X pada kotak yang tersedia) dibanding produk dari merek toko. < 10%
11% - 20%
21% - 30%
31% - 40%
41% - 50%
> 51%
141
APPENDIX C QUESTIONNAIRES OF THE EXPLORATORY STUDY Yth responden, Perkenalkan nama saya Raina Choer, mahasiswa Universitas Binus International. Saat ini saya sedang dalam proses mengerjakan tugas akhir (skripsi) yang berjudul “Quality Gap And Willingness To Pay A Price Premium: A Study On Hypermarket Sector In Jakarta”. Saya ingin mengetahui hal apa yang membuat konsumen membayar lebih untuk merk nasional dibanding merk toko. Maka dari itu, saya mohon bantuan anda untuk membantu kelancaran skripsi saya dengan menjawab beberapa pertanyaan berikut. Atas kerjasama anda, saya ucapkan terima kasih banyak yang setulus-tulusnya. Salam, Raina Choer. Bagian I. (Mohon lingkari jawaban yang anda pilih) PROFIL RESPONDEN 7. Jenis Kelamin a. Pria b. Wanita 8. Usia a. < 21 tahun c. 31 - 40 tahun b. 21 - 30 tahun d. > 40 tahun 9. Total pengeluaran dalam melakukan belanja bulanan a. < Rp. 1.000.000 c. Rp. 2.000.001 - Rp. 3.000.000 b. Rp. 1.000.001 - Rp. 2.000.000 d. > Rp. 3.000.000 10. Daerah tempat tinggal anda a. Jakarta Utara d. Jakarta Barat b. Jakarta Pusat e. Jakarta Selatan c. Jakarta Timur f. Lainnya (sebutkan) ………………… 11. Pekerjaan anda sekarang a. Mahasiswa / pelajar e. Pengusaha/usaha mandiri b. Ibu rumah tangga f. Pegawai Negeri Sipil (PNS) c. Tidak/belum bekerja g. Lainnya (sebutkan) …………… d. Karyawan swasta
142
Bagian II 1. Apakah anda yang melakukan kegiatan belanja bulanan seperti perlengkapan rumah tangga di hypermarket pilihan anda? a. Ya (Silahkan lanjutkan ke pertanyaan berikutnya) b. Tidak (Stop sampai disini, dan terima kasih atas partisipasi anda) 2. Hypermarket manakah yang biasa anda kunjungi untuk melakukan kegiatan belanja bulanan? (pilih salah satu) a. Carrefour b. Hypermart c. Giant d. Lainnya (sebutkan) ………………………….. 3. Urutkan produk kategori dibawah ini yang paling sering anda beli dalam kegiatan belanja bulanan? (urutkan berdasarkan prioritas 1-4).
( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( (
) Apparel (contoh: baju, pakaian dalam, kaus kaki, dll) ) Electronic (contoh: tv, radio, lemari es, telepon, dll) ) Beverage (contoh: kopi, teh, susu, air mineral, dll) ) Package snack (contoh: makanan ringan, permen, dll) ) Shelf stable other edibles (contoh: makanan kaleng, selai, dll) ) Frozen (contoh: chicken nugget, dll) ) Personal care (contoh: sampo, pasta gigi, , kapas, dll) ) Household product (contoh: sabun pencuci pakaian, dll) ) Stationery (contoh: alat tulis kantor) ) General merchandise (contoh: baterai, senter, bohlam, dll)
4. Jika ada diantara produk kategori yang telah anda pilih pada pertanyaan no.3 terdapat merk toko, apakah anda akan mempertimbangkan untuk membelinya?
1 Tidak akan mempertimbangkan
2
3
4
5 Pasti mempertimbangkan
143
APPENDIX D Pretest SPSS result RELIABILITY ANALYSIS
§
Cases
PRODUCT INNOVATIONS Case Processing Summary N Valid 30 a Excluded 0 Total 30
% 100.0 .0 100.0
a. Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure. Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .870 2
prdct.innovation1 prdct.innovation2
prdct.innovation1 prdct.innovation2
Mean 7.4667
Item Statistics Mean Std. Deviation 3.8333 1.14721 3.6333 1.09807
N 30 30
Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Scale Corrected Cronbach's Item Deleted Variance if Item-Total Alpha if Item Item Deleted Correlation Deleted 3.6333 1.206 .771 . 3.8333 1.316 .771 .
Scale Statistics Variance Std. Deviation 4.464 2.11291
N of Items 2
144 §
Cases
DISTINCTIVE PACKAGING Case Processing Summary N Valid 30 a Excluded 0 Total 30
% 100.0 .0 100.0
a. Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure. Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .795 2
distctv.packaging1 distctv.packaging2
distctv.packaging1 distctv.packaging2
Mean 6.1667
Item Statistics Mean Std. Deviation 2.7667 1.22287 3.4000 1.42877
N 30 30
Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Scale Corrected Cronbach's Item Deleted Variance if Item-Total Alpha if Item Item Deleted Correlation Deleted 3.4000 2.041 .667 . 2.7667 1.495 .667 .
Scale Statistics Variance Std. Deviation 5.868 2.42236
N of Items 2
145 §
Cases
ADVERTISING Case Processing Summary N Valid 30 a Excluded 0 Total 30
% 100.0 .0 100.0
a. Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure.
Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .849 2
advertising1 advertising2
Item Statistics Mean Std. Deviation 4.9667 1.09807 4.7667 .85836
N 30 30
Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Scale Variance if Corrected ItemItem Deleted Item Deleted Total Correlation advertising1 advertising2
Mean 9.7333
4.7667 4.9667
Scale Statistics Variance Std. Deviation 3.375 1.83704
.737 1.206
.760 .760
N of Items 2
Cronbach's Alpha if Item Deleted . .
146 §
Cases
PRICE PROMOTIONS
Case Processing Summary N Valid 30 a Excluded 0 Total 30
% 100.0 .0 100.0
a. Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure.
Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .813 2
price.promotion1 price.promotion2
price.promotion1 price.promotion2
Mean 8.2333
Item Statistics Mean Std. Deviation 4.2667 .98027 3.9667 1.21721
N 30 30
Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Scale Corrected Cronbach's Item Deleted Variance if Item-Total Alpha if Item Item Deleted Correlation Deleted 3.9667 1.482 .701 . 4.2667 .961 .701 .
Scale Statistics Variance Std. Deviation 4.116 2.02882
N of Items 2
147 §
MANUFACTURING DRIVERS (private label production by national brand manufacturer and difficulty of producing the products)
Cases
Case Processing Summary N Valid 30 a Excluded 0 Total 30
% 100.0 .0 100.0
a. Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure. Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .657 2 Item Statistics Mean Std. Deviation manufacturing1.pl.production 3.2667 1.33735 manufacturing2.difficulty 3.7000 1.48904
N 30 30
Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean Scale Corrected Cronbach's if Item Variance if Item-Total Alpha if Deleted Item Correlation Item Deleted Deleted manufacturing1.pl.production 3.7000 2.217 .492 . manufacturing2.difficulty 3.2667 1.789 .492 .
Mean 6.9667
Scale Statistics Variance Std. Deviation 5.964 2.44221
N of Items 2
148 §
Cases
PRICE QUALITY SCHEMA Case Processing Summary N Valid 30 a Excluded 0 Total 30
% 100.0 .0 100.0
a. Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure.
Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .838 2
price.quality.scheme1 price.quality.scheme2
Item Statistics Mean Std. Deviation 4.6667 1.34762 4.5667 1.40647
Item-Total Statistics Scale Mean if Scale Item Deleted Variance if Item Deleted price.quality.scheme1 4.5667 1.978 price.quality.scheme2 4.6667 1.816
Mean 9.2333
Scale Statistics Variance Std. Deviation 6.530 2.55536
N 30 30
Corrected Cronbach's Item-Total Alpha if Item Correlation Deleted .722 . .722 .
N of Items 2
149
VALIDITY ANALYSIS §
PRODUCT INNOVATION
Correlation Sig. (1-tailed)
Correlation Matrix prdct.innovation prdct.innovation 1 2 prdct.innovation1 1.000 .771 prdct.innovation2 .771 1.000 prdct.innovation1 .000 prdct.innovation2 .000
KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. Approx. Chi-Square Bartlett's Test of Sphericity df Sig. Communalities Initial prdct.innovation1 1.000 prdct.innovation2 1.000
.500 24.821 1 .000
Extraction .886 .886
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Component
1 2
Total Variance Explained Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Cumulative Total % of Cumulative Variance % Variance % 1.771 88.551 88.551 1.771 88.551 88.551 .229 11.449 100.000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Component Matrixa Component 1 prdct.innovation1 .941 prdct.innovation2 .941 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.a a. 1 components extracted.
150 §
DISTINCTIVE PACKAGING
Correlation Sig. (1-tailed)
Correlation Matrix distctv.packagin distctv.packagin g1 g2 distctv.packaging1 1.000 .667 distctv.packaging2 .667 1.000 distctv.packaging1 .000 distctv.packaging2 .000
KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. Approx. Chi-Square Bartlett's Test of Sphericity df Sig. Communalities Initial distctv.packaging1 1.000 distctv.packaging2 1.000
.500 16.191 1 .000
Extraction .834 .834
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Component
1 2
Total Variance Explained Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Cumulative Total % of Cumulative Variance % Variance % 1.667 83.354 83.354 1.667 83.354 83.354 .333 16.646 100.000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Component Matrixa Component 1 distctv.packaging1 .913 distctv.packaging2 .913 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.a
151 §
ADVERTISING
Correlation Sig. (1-tailed)
Correlation Matrix advertising1 advertising1 1.000 advertising2 .760 advertising1 advertising2 .000
KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. Approx. Chi-Square Bartlett's Test of Sphericity df Sig.
advertising2 .760 1.000 .000
.500 23.675 1 .000
Communalities Initial Extraction advertising1 1.000 .880 advertising2 1.000 .880 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Component
1 2
Total Variance Explained Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Cumulative Total % of Cumulative Variance % Variance % 1.760 87.988 87.988 1.760 87.988 87.988 .240 12.012 100.000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Component Matrixa Component 1 advertising1 .938 advertising2 .938 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.a a. 1 components extracted.
152 §
PRICE PROMOTIONS
Correlation Sig. (1-tailed)
Correlation Matrix price.promotion1 price.promotion2 price.promotion1 1.000 .701 price.promotion2 .701 1.000 price.promotion1 .000 price.promotion2 .000
KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. Approx. Chi-Square Bartlett's Test of Sphericity df Sig.
Communalities Initial price.promotion1 1.000 price.promotion2 1.000
.500 18.615 1 .000
Extraction .851 .851
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Component
1 2
Total Variance Explained Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Cumulative Total % of Cumulative Variance % Variance % 1.701 85.065 85.065 1.701 85.065 85.065 .299 14.935 100.000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Component Matrixa Component 1 price.promotion1 .922 price.promotion2 .922 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.a a. 1 components extracted.
153 §
MANUFACTURING DRIVERS (PRIVATE LABEL PRODUCTION BY NATIONAL BRAND MANUFACTURER AND DIFFICULTY OF PRODUCING THE PRODUCTS).
Correlation Sig. (1-tailed)
Correlation Matrix manufacturing1. manufacturing2. pl.production difficulty manufacturing1.pl.production 1.000 .492 manufacturing2.difficulty .492 1.000 manufacturing1.pl.production .003 manufacturing2.difficulty .003
KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. Approx. Chi-Square Bartlett's Test of Sphericity df Sig. Communalities Initial manufacturing1.pl.production 1.000 manufacturing2.difficulty 1.000
.500 7.614 1 .006
Extraction .746 .746
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.
Component
1 2
Total Variance Explained Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Cumulative Total % of Cumulative Variance % Variance % 1.492 74.589 74.589 1.492 74.589 74.589 .508 25.411 100.000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Component Matrixa Component 1 manufacturing1.pl.production .864 manufacturing2.difficulty .864
154 §
PRICE QUALITY SCHEMA
Correlation Sig. (1-tailed)
Correlation Matrix price.quality.sch price.quality.sch eme1 eme2 price.quality.scheme1 1.000 .722 price.quality.scheme2 .722 1.000 price.quality.scheme1 .000 price.quality.scheme2 .000
KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy. Approx. Chi-Square Bartlett's Test of Sphericity df Sig.
Communalities Initial price.quality.scheme1 1.000 price.quality.scheme2 1.000
.500 20.229 1 .000
Extraction .861 .861
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Component
1 2
Total Variance Explained Initial Eigenvalues Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings Total % of Cumulative Total % of Cumulative Variance % Variance % 1.722 86.083 86.083 1.722 86.083 86.083 .278 13.917 100.000
Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis. Component Matrixa Component 1 price.quality.scheme1 .928 price.quality.scheme2 .928 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.a a. 1 components extracted.
155
APPENDIX E Multiple regression SPSS result Variables Entered/Removeda Variables Entered
Model
1
Variables Removed
Difficulty of Producting, Product Innovation, Price Promotion, Advertising, Distinctive Packaging, Private Label productionb
Method
. Enter
a. Dependent Variable: Quality GAP b. All requested variables entered.
Model 1
R .704a
R Square .496
Model Summary Adjusted R Square .480
Std. Error of the Estimate .60052
a. Predictors: (Constant), Difficulty of Producting, Product Innovation, Price Promotion, Advertising, Distinctive Packaging, Private Label production
Model
1
Regression Residual Total
Sum of Squares 68.395 69.600 137.995
ANOVAa df Mean Square 6 193 199
11.399 .361
F 31.609
Sig. .000b
a. Dependent Variable: Quality GAP b. Predictors: (Constant), Difficulty of Producting, Product Innovation, Price Promotion, Advertising, Distinctive Packaging, Private Label production
156
Model
1
(Constant) Product Innovation Distinctive Packaging Advertising Price Promotion Private Label production Difficulty of Producting
Coefficientsa Unstandardized Standardized Coefficients Coefficients B Std. Error Beta 3.207 .509 .213 .060 .268
t
Sig.
6.301 3.543
.000 .000
.100
.050
.152
2.009
.046
.086 -.157
.058 .063
.104 -.171
1.489 -2.470
.138 .014
-.092
.046
-.153
-1.979
.049
-.014
.031
-.022
-.429
.668
a. Dependent Variable: Quality GAP
157
APPENDIX F Simple linear regression SPSS result
Model 1
Variables Entered/Removeda Variables Variables Method Entered Removed b Quality GAP . Enter
a. Dependent Variable: Willingness to Pay b. All requested variables entered.
Model 1
R .526a
Model Summary R Square Adjusted R Square .277
Std. Error of the Estimate
.273
1.15545
a. Predictors: (Constant), Quality GAP
Model
1
Regression Residual Total
Sum of Squares 101.253 264.342 365.595
ANOVAa df Mean Square 1 198 199
101.253 1.335
F
Sig.
75.842
.000b
a. Dependent Variable: Willingness to Pay b. Predictors: (Constant), Quality GAP
Model
1
(Constant) Quality GAP
Coefficientsa Unstandardized Standardized Coefficients Coefficients B Std. Error Beta .247 .377 .857
a. Dependent Variable: Willingness to Pay
.098
.526
t
Sig.
.655
.513
8.709
.000
158
APPENDIX G Moderate regression
Model
1
Variables Entered/Removeda Variables Variables Method Entered Removed Moderating, Quality GAP, . Enter Price Quality Schemeb
a. Dependent Variable: Willingness to Pay b. All requested variables entered.
Model 1
R .659a
Model Summary R Square Adjusted R Std. Error of the Square Estimate .434 .426 1.02724
a. Predictors: (Constant), Moderating, Quality GAP, Price Quality Scheme
Model
1
Regression Residual Total
Sum of Squares 158.770 206.825 365.595
ANOVAa df Mean Square 3 196 199
52.923 1.055
F 50.153
a. Dependent Variable: Willingness to Pay b. Predictors: (Constant), Moderating, Quality GAP, Price Quality Scheme
Sig. .000b
159
Model
1
(Constant) Quality GAP Price Quality Scheme Moderating
Coefficientsa Unstandardized Standardized Coefficients Coefficients B Std. Error Beta -4.466 1.267 1.568 .354 .963
t
Sig.
-3.525 4.426
.001 .000
1.371
.290
1.155
4.724
.000
-.237
.076
-1.218
-3.118
.002
a. Dependent Variable: Willingness to Pay
160
APPENDIX H One - Way ANOVA SPSS result v Marketing, Manufacturing, And Price Quality Scheme. Descriptives N Mean Std. Std. Deviation Error
carrefour hypermart Product giant Innovation lottemart Total carrefour hypermart Distinctive giant Packaging lottemart Total carrefour hypermart Advertising giant lottemart Total carrefour hypermart Price Promotion giant lottemart Total carrefour hypermart Private Label giant production lottemart Total carrefour hypermart Difficulty of giant Producting lottemart Total carrefour hypermart Price Quality giant Scheme lottemart Total
50 50 50 50 200 50 50 50 50 200 50 50 50 50 200 50 50 50 50 200 50 50 50 50 200 50 50 50 50 200 50 50 50 50 200
3.7700 3.6700 3.8800 3.7600 3.7700 3.1900 2.5200 3.1800 3.1500 3.0100 4.6800 4.5500 4.6800 4.6100 4.6300 4.0600 4.1400 4.0000 4.1200 4.0800 3.1600 3.0000 2.9400 3.0600 3.0400 3.4400 3.7800 3.4000 3.3800 3.5000 4.6600 4.5400 4.7600 4.0000 4.4900
1.09828 1.00818 1.10454 .99611 1.04766 1.26930 1.25747 1.26878 1.16168 1.26308 .97813 1.07499 .94631 1.06565 1.01154 .95105 .97437 .88641 .84249 .90980 1.43371 1.47080 1.33110 1.34635 1.38854 1.35767 1.25014 1.42857 1.41263 1.36356 1.23899 1.22824 1.17907 .71429 1.14189
.15532 .14258 .15620 .14087 .07408 .17951 .17783 .17943 .16429 .08931 .13833 .15203 .13383 .15071 .07153 .13450 .13780 .12536 .11915 .06433 .20276 .20800 .18825 .19040 .09818 .19200 .17680 .20203 .19978 .09642 .17522 .17370 .16675 .10102 .08074
95% Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Upper Bound Bound 3.4579 4.0821 3.3835 3.9565 3.5661 4.1939 3.4769 4.0431 3.6239 3.9161 2.8293 3.5507 2.1626 2.8774 2.8194 3.5406 2.8199 3.4801 2.8339 3.1861 4.4020 4.9580 4.2445 4.8555 4.4111 4.9489 4.3071 4.9129 4.4890 4.7710 3.7897 4.3303 3.8631 4.4169 3.7481 4.2519 3.8806 4.3594 3.9531 4.2069 2.7525 3.5675 2.5820 3.4180 2.5617 3.3183 2.6774 3.4426 2.8464 3.2336 3.0542 3.8258 3.4247 4.1353 2.9940 3.8060 2.9785 3.7815 3.3099 3.6901 4.3079 5.0121 4.1909 4.8891 4.4249 5.0951 3.7970 4.2030 4.3308 4.6492
161
Descriptives Minimum
Product Innovation
Distinctive Packaging
Advertising
Price Promotion
Private Label production
Difficulty of Producting
Price Quality Scheme
carrefour hypermart giant lottemart Total carrefour hypermart giant lottemart Total carrefour hypermart giant lottemart Total carrefour hypermart giant lottemart Total carrefour hypermart giant lottemart Total carrefour hypermart giant lottemart Total carrefour hypermart giant lottemart Total
2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.50 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.50 2.00
Maximum 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 5.50 5.00 5.50 5.50 5.50 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 5.50 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 6.00 5.50 6.00
162
ANOVA Sum of Squares
Product Innovation
Distinctive Packaging
Advertising
Price Promotion
Private Label production
Difficulty of Producting
Price Quality Scheme
Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total Between Groups Within Groups Total
df
Mean Square
1.110
3
.370
217.310
196
1.109
218.420
199
16.050
3
5.350
301.430
196
1.538
317.480
199
.590
3
.197
203.030
196
1.036
203.620
199
.600
3
.200
164.120
196
.837
164.720
199
1.320
3
.440
382.360
196
1.951
383.680
199
5.320
3
1.773
364.680
196
1.861
370.000
199
17.220
3
5.740
242.260
196
1.236
259.480
199
F
Sig.
.334
.801
3.479
.017
.190
.903
.239
.869
.226
.879
.953
.416
4.644
.004
163
One - Way ANOVA SPSS result v Quality Gap Between National Brand And Private Label
Descriptives Quality GAP N
carrefour 50 hypermart 50 giant 50 lottemart 50 Total 200
Mean
3.7800 3.6800 3.7600 3.7600 3.7450
Std. Std. Deviation Error
.86402 .86756 .77090 .84660 .83273
.12219 .12269 .10902 .11973 .05888
95% Minimum Maximum Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Upper Bound Bound 3.5344 4.0256 2.00 5.00 3.4334 3.9266 1.00 5.00 3.5409 3.9791 2.00 5.00 3.5194 4.0006 2.00 5.00 3.6289 3.8611 1.00 5.00
ANOVA Quality GAP
Between Groups Within Groups Total
Sum of Squares .295 137.700 137.995
df
Mean Square 3 196 199
.098 .703
F .140
Sig. .936
164
One - Way ANOVA SPSS result v Willingness To Pay A Price Premium For National Brand Over Private Label Descriptives Willingness to Pay N Mean
carrefour 50 hypermart 50 giant 50 lottemart 50 Total 200
3.4400 3.3000 3.7000 3.3800 3.4550
Std. Std. Deviation Error
1.47302 1.21638 1.43214 1.29189 1.35542
.20832 .17202 .20253 .18270 .09584
95% Minimum Maximum Confidence Interval for Mean Lower Upper Bound Bound 3.0214 3.8586 1.00 6.00 2.9543 3.6457 1.00 6.00 3.2930 4.1070 1.00 6.00 3.0128 3.7472 1.00 6.00 3.2660 3.6440 1.00 6.00
ANOVA Willingness to Pay
Between Groups Within Groups Total
Sum of Squares 4.495 361.100 365.595
df
Mean Square 3 196 199
1.498 1.842
F .813
Sig. .488
165
APPENDIX I Cross tabulation SPSS result Case Processing Summary Cases Valid Missing N Percent N Percent VAR00001 * product category
200 100.0%
0
0.0%
Total N Percent 200 100.0%
VAR00001 * product category Crosstabulation Count minuman
VAR00001
H L
Total
37 11 48
product category perawatan produk pribadi rumah tangga 18 70 3 20 21 90
Chi-Square Tests Value df Pearson Chi-Square Likelihood Ratio N of Valid Cases
9.232a 8.750 200
Total makanan ringan
Asymp. Sig. (2sided) 3 .026 3 .033
a. 0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5.46.
23 18 41
148 52 200