Annual Report N.W. Posthumus Institute. Research School for Economic and Social History

Annual Report 2010 N.W. Posthumus Institute Research School for Economic and Social History

N.W. Posthumus Institute Research institute and research school for economic and social history In 2010 the N.W. Posthumus Institute was established at: Leiden University Institute for History P.O. Box 9515 2300 RA Leiden The Netherlands phone: 00-31-(0)71-527 1646 e-mail: [email protected] www.hum.leiden.edu/posthumus The secretariat of the N.W. Posthumus Institute consisted of: Dr. L.J. Touwen, scientific director Dr. A. Schmidt, education program director Ms. R.J. Wensma BA, office manager

Participating faculties and institutes
Eindhoven University of Technology (TUe), Faculty of Industrial Engineering & Innovation Sciences
Erasmus University Rotterdam (EUR), Faculty of History and Arts (secretariat 1994-1998)
Ghent University (UGent), Faculty of Arts and Philosophy
International Institute of Social History (IISG)
Leiden University (UL), Faculty of Humanities (secretariat from 2010)
Radboud University Nijmegen (RU), Faculty of Arts (secretariat 1999-2003)
Sociaal Historisch Centrum voor Limburg (SHCL)
University of Amsterdam (UvA), Faculty of Humanities
University of Antwerp (UA), Faculty of Arts
University of Groningen (RUG), Faculty of Arts, Faculty of Economics and Business (secretariat 2004-2009)
Utrecht University (UU), Faculty of Arts (secretariat 1988-1994)
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Faculty of Arts
VU University Amsterdam (VU), Faculty of Arts
Wageningen University (WU), Rural History Group

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In 2010 the N.W. Posthumus Institute was awarded a block grant of € 800.000 from the NWO Graduate Programme. The Posthumus proposal combined an interuniversity Research MA Programme in Economic and Social History, starting in 2011, with four PhD-positions starting in 2013. In the Posthumus Research MA, Posthumus fellows cooperate to teach three elective courses to Research MA students from any of the member universities. The Posthumus Institute organized another successful round of the Basic Training for 21 PhD students, while more than 70 advanced PhD students participated in the activities of the Advanced Training. The nation-wide discussion about the future of research schools and local graduate schools was concluded when the Deans of the Faculties of Arts and Humanities adopted an agreement securing the position of the research schools. In this agreement the mutual cooperation between the institutions in the Humanities is organized. The ECOS-recognized Posthumus Institute can continue its activities in research and education in the coming period. The new convenant was signed, consolidating the partnership of 14 universities and research institutions in the Netherlands and Flanders in the field of economic and social history for the next five years. In January 2010 the Posthumus secretariat moved from Groningen to Leiden, which meant that Herman de Jong was succeeded by Jeroen Touwen as Scientific Director of the Institute, and Ben Gales was succeeded by Ariadne Schmidt as Education Program Director. This year we included summaries of the six Posthumus dissertations defended in 2010. You can read these on pages 24-36.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Introduction Important developments in 2010 Organisation PhD Program Research Financial statement

5 5 6 7 11 22

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PhD DISSERTATIONS IN 2010

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Appendices 1. Organisation 2. Students, Instructors and seminars 3. Contributors to the 2010 PhD Conference 4. NWP Masterclasses 2010 5. Granted Research Diplomas 2010 6. PhD candidates since 1 January 2000 7. Fellows 2004-2010 8. Researchers per program 9. General Board ESTER 10. Academic publications in 2010

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39 41 47 48 49 52 57 61 64 66

1. INTRODUCTION The N.W. Posthumus Institute (NWP) is the Research School for Economic and Social History in the Netherlands and Flanders and has 14 members. It functions as an international platform for research activities in the various subfields of Economic and Social History, and organizes the PhD training as well as a series of Research MA courses. The Posthumus Institute was founded in 1988 as the Netherlands interuniversity institute for graduate training in economic and social historical research. In 1994 the NWP was officially recognized as a Research School by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW). The official accreditation was renewed in 1999, in 2004 and in 2011 for periods of 6 years. The NWP has established a durable platform for collaboration among scholars in the field of Economic and Social History. Since 2004 the Flemish universities of Antwerp (UA), Brussels (VUB) and Ghent (UGent) officially participate in the Institute. As an interuniversity research institute the NWP has its own budget, supporting staff and a bureau. The Institute can allocate research activation grants, but it does not employ researchers and does not carry out research of its own. The NWP exploits its own research training program for PhD students and stimulates interuniversity research programs. For both postgraduate students and senior scholars the Posthumus Institute provides access to a far wider range of information and expertise than would be available at any single institution. The mission of the NWP is twofold: • NWP promotes innovative and advanced interdisciplinary research in economic and social history by stimulating joint research programs of the Dutch and Flemish universities and research institutes. • NWP provides graduate training in economic and social history across a broad front through interuniversity programs that meet international standards. To achieve its mission NWP monitors a PhD program, promotes close cooperation between interuniversity research groups, stimulates acquisitions of large research programs through indirect government funding, operates as a nodal manager of existing international research and training networks, and defines quality indicators to meet international publication standards and the standards of the regular quality assessments in Flanders and the Netherlands.

2. IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENTS IN 2010 The year 2010 was characterized by elements of continuity and change. The N.W. Posthumus Institute organized several flash points where fellow researchers in economic and social history could meet each other, and continued its highly successful PhD training program. The secretariat moved to Leiden University. In a country wide discussion, the policy towards research schools was reconfirmed,

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acknowledging their important role in bringing together a critical mass of expertise. The Postumus Institute had aimed at re-accreditation in 2009, but this was postponed due to the negotiations with the Deans of the Faculties of Arts and Humanties (DLG) about their policy regarding Research Schools parallel to the local Graduate Schools. These discussions took place in 2009 and 2010. The consultative process led to a new system of financing the offices of the Research Schools in the Humanties, which was passed in November 2010 (‘Landelijke Onderzoekscholen Binnen de Geesteswetenschappen; Een gezamenlijke notitie van DLG en LOGOS, 23 oktober 2010’). With regard to these negotiations, the Common Arrangement 20042009 of the Posthumus Institute was extended with one year, until 31 December 2010. In the meantime, the administrative office moved from Groningen University, where it had been during 2004-2009, to Leiden University, starting in Leiden on 1 January 2010. During the Autumn of 2010 the bureau arranged the signing of the new convenant formally establishing the Posthumus Institute as a cooperative interuniversity effort for another five years, as well as the preparation for the new ECOS qualification. The positive reports of the evaluation 2003-2007, that were produced during the official evaluation of 2008 strengthened the research school and increased its international status. The new Common Arrangement 2011-2015 was signed by the participants in December 2010 and January 2011. In september, 21 new PhD students enrolled in the program, 13 from Flemish and 8 from Dutch universities and research institutes. In total 6 Posthumus PhD students completed their dissertations. During 2010 more than 70 PhD students participated in the NWP Training Program. The large number of enrollments can be explained by the fact that fellows of the NWP have been doing very well in securing research grants. Prospects for the next coming years also look favorable. In 2010 several large scale projects were granted to or initiated by NWP fellows. In chapter 5, the six Posthumus Research Programs are summarized. Main grants and projects are also listed there. On 21 May 2010 the annual Posthumus Conference took place in Leiden, at which Eric Vanhaute gave a keynote lecture. All six research themes organized a session, and 12 PhD papers were presented and commented upon by senior fellows from the Netherlands and Flanders. The chair of the General Board, prof.dr. Jan Lucassen (IISG), gave a closing speech and handed out the Basic Diploma certificates to the Posthumus PhD students of 2008.

3. ORGANISATION Major decisions of the N.W. Posthumus Institute are taken by the General Board, consisting of the holders of chairs in economic and social history at the participating institutions. In 2010 the board met two times, on March 18 and September 9. The daily affairs of NWP are in the hands of the Executive Committee and the scientific 6

director supported by the office manager. The training program and research programs are headed by respectively an education program director and research program directors. An examination committee and an education committee monitor the quality of the students and teaching affairs of NWP. The central office and the daily affairs of the NWP in 2010 were the responsibility of the Faculty of Humanities of the University of Leiden (period 2010-2015). The ‘penvoerder’ was responsible for the appointment of the scientific director, the education program director and the office manager (see appendix 1). The NWP is characterized by a rotating directorate and secretariat. Former ‘penvoerders’ were the University of Utrecht, the Erasmus University of Rotterdam, the Radboud University of Nijmegen and the University of Groningen.

4. PhD PROGRAM In 2010 the N.W. Posthumus Institute offered the usual three training seminars to first-year PhD students, designated to lead to the production of a definitive plan for the dissertation, an individual assessment and finally the award of a diploma. Graduate students belonging to one of the participating institutions of the NWP automatically qualify for the program. Students from non-participating institutions can also apply for a training position provided that their research topic is within the field of economic and social history. In 2010 21 PhD candidates started the program (see appendix 2). The second seminar on 22-23 April 2010 for cohort 2009, ‘Work in progress’, was devoted to the preparation and presentation of a minor paper, concentrating on the main characteristics of the specific dissertation project: literature, sources, relevant theories and methods. The minor paper also serves as a provisional research plan, with a working scheme and with a provisional structure of chapters. This seminar was organized by Elise van Nederveen Meerkerk (IISG). The papers were discussed by senior experts, specialised in the topic chosen by the PhD student or a field adjacent. The third seminar for cohort 2009, the Research Design Course (RDC) was held at the University of Vienna, Austria, 23-27 November. The RDC is also part of the international ESTER-program of advanced seminars in economic and social history. GLOBALEURONET is a Research Networking Programme in economic history funded by the European Science Foundation. Its aim is to promote the convergence of quantitative research methods, the merger of national research projects into a European common research agenda, the organization of workshops, seminars, summer schools, and the international mobility of researchers. Since both networks aim at improving and internationalizing the education and training of young scholars in the field of economic and social history, they have decided to launch a joint initiative targeted at PhD students in the early stage of their research project in 2008. 7

The RDC was organized by Markus Cerman (University of Vienna) and Tine de Moor (see also appendix 2). Students had to write a major paper in English, to be presented to an international audience of leading senior scholars and PhD students from many European countries. 30 students (20 from the Posthumus program) and 10 experts were working in relatively small groups organized by research theme or period to promote in-depth discussion. There was also a session with Jacob Weisdorf from the University of Copenhagen on publication strategies. The prize for the best paper and presentation was awarded to Joost Veenstra from the University of Groningen. The first seminar for cohort 2010 took place on 15-16 November 2010 in Brussels and was organized by Anne Winter (VUB) and Griet Vermeesch (VUB). The aim of this starting seminar for a new group of PhD students is to bring together young scholars embarking upon their PhD’s. Participants submit a brief paper with an outline of literature relevant to their own project and are invited to start a first discussion upon their research questions and their research focus. The aim is to give a first insight in the basic ideas and to place the project within the current (or lacking) activities of the scientific community at large, thus to position the project within historical debates and approaches, having an open eye for the social sciences in general. The individual assessment of the students of the 2009 cohort took place in March 2011. The Posthumus Institute not only concentrates on the so-called Basic Program, covering the first year and a half of the PhD project. It also offers the Advanced Training during the second and third year. The Advanced Training is individual in character as it focuses on the specific research activities of the PhD students. Nevertheless, the coherence of age cohorts after completion of the Basic Program is stimulated by the institute as well. The aim of the Advanced Training is to stimulate the PhD students to start writing early and to create close contacts with senior researchers both nationally and internationally. PhD candidates should publish at least one article in a national or international journal and present a paper at a major conference in economic and social history before the final year of their project. In addition, they should participate in Masterclasses and participate actively in the annual Posthumus Conference. Furthering contacts between young and senior researchers implies that the Posthumus Institute creates opportunities for interaction. The institute therefore organizes an annual conference in which PhD students present papers and meet senior research fellows. Also, the institute initiates and organizes Masterclasses. Masterclasses are organized around a visiting scholar who is asked to counsel the participating PhD students. A small group of four to five PhD students present their project and discuss their problems with the guest professor (see appendix 4).

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Completion rates The success rate of students in the Training Program is operationalized as a combination of completion rate (i.e. the percentage of PhDs completed) and duration (i.e. the number of months between start and completion), exclusive of the projects abandoned officially within the first training year. Completion rates are still increasing. Until the mid 1990s completion rates were low, with 8 percent of the PhD’s receiving their doctorate within 5 years, 26 percent within 6 years, and 50 percent within 7 years (cumulative percentages). To improve completion rates, the board of the NWP defined an ambitious goal in a policy statement of 2000: a desirable completion rate of 70 percent within 5 years and 80 percent within 6 years, starting from the class of 2000. Since 2002 progress of individual PhD’s close to the end of their (formal) trajectory is discussed routinely in meetings of the General Board, thus providing encouragement for the sharing of best supervisory practice. Table 1: Enrolment and Completion rates N.W. Posthumus Institute 1998-2010 Cohort

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total

Started

10 5 9 10 12 14 13 5 12 32 24 19 21 186

Stopped early

Stopped at later stage

1 1 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 1

1

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1 1 1

Compl. after 4 years

Compl. after 5 years (cumul.)

Compl. after 6 years (cumul.)

Compl. after 7 years (cumul.)

Completion rate on 12-12-2010 Cohorts 1998-2006*

2 2 2 3 5 5 7 1 4 2**

2 2 6 4 6 7 10 2 4** 2**

4 2 7 7 8 8 11 2** 4** 2**

7 2 8 8 8 10 11** 2** 4** 2**

.78 .50 .88 .88 .73 .83 .91 .40 .33

33

45

55

Average duration of completed dissertations in months

55 68 72 n.a. 66 60 59

1

5

62

* Percentages calculated over the number of projects 1998-2006 (90 projects) excluding the projects that have been discontinued during the first NWP training year (7 projects in 19982006). Some of these were discontinued as a result of the first-year evaluation. ** Preliminary results, based on already completed dissertations.

The actual realisation of the projects completed by the cohorts of 2000-2002 amounted to an average of 55 percent after 5 years and between 75 and 80 percent of the total after 6 years. The average duration of a PhD project for the period 19982004 is 5.7 years (68 months). The conclusion is that there were substantial improvements, and that the institute is heading towards its desired goals. We should note that several NWP PhD students worked part-time (0,8 fte). We aim to include a part-time factor in future calculations.

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Table 2: Completion rates N.W. Posthumus Institute 1987-2003 Cohort

19871991 19921997 19982003*

Started

Stopped early

Stopped at later stage

Compl. after 4 years

Compl. after 5 years (cumul.) .27

Compl. after 6 years (cumul.) .45

Compl. after 7 years (cumul.) .53

49

n.a.

n.a.

.08

40

n.a.

n.a.

.08

.25

.53

.53

60

6

4

.35

.50

.67

.80

* These percentages are calculated over the total number of projects 1998-2003 excluding the projects that have been discontinued during the first NWP training year. Some of these were discontinued as a result of the first-year evaluation.

ESTER The European Graduate School for Training in Economic and Social Historical Research (ESTER) is a European collaboration of prestigious universities and institutions. The ESTER network aims at improving and internationalizing the education and training of young scholars in the field of economic and social history. The current ESTER network involves more than 60 universities throughout Europe. Its organization is currently in the hands of Utrecht University. Since the organization was led by the University of Groningen in previous years, 2010 can be qualified as a transition year for the ESTER program. The organization of the ESTER program is conducted by program director Tine De Moor of Utrecht University, with the assistance of René van Weeren, who is her project secretary and who provided assistance for ESTER on a voluntary basis. Given the fact that 2010 was a transition year, the activities of ESTER concentrated on the most important role of ESTER in the past and on the organisation of a Research Design Course in Vienna. No advanced seminars were organized in 2010. The Research Design Courses of ESTER are particularly successful. The number of participants is large and the reactions to the content offered are good. It was decided to give priority to the Research Design Course. Because more PhD’s attend regular conferences, the need for Advanced Seminars seems to decline somewhat. Nevertheless, there still is some demand for specialized meetings in particular for advanced PhD’s and young academics. Therefore, ESTER will continue to organize such Advanced Seminars occasionally. Appendix 2 gives a survey of the activities in 2010.

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5. RESEARCH A. Economy and Society of the Low Countries in the Pre-industrial Period Program directors: Prof.dr. B. Blondé (UA) and dr. O.C. Gelderblom (UU). In 2011 this research program will be continued under the leadership of dr. Jord Hanus (UA) and dr. Jessica Dijkman (UU). The program continues to unite scholars from almost every major research institution in the Low Countries. Besides, we seek the active participation of graduate students and historians who are now working outside these research institutions but investigate themes that are at the core of the program. In Antwerp, Amsterdam and Utrecht, respectively, Blondé, Davids, and Gelderblom run workshops and seminars to create a platform for young scholars to present their work. In September 2009 preparations started for the Fifth Flemish-Dutch conference on the Economic and Social History of the Low Countries before 1850. This conference was held in Antwerp in January 2010. The junior and senior scholars associated with the program were again successful in obtaining grants and realizing major publications in 2010. The extensive list of publications is included in Appendix 11 of this Annual Report. Large research grants: • Bruno Blondé (UA) and Bert De Munck (UA), Economies of quality and the material renaissance. The forgotten consumer revolution of the Low Countries, 1400-1650 (€ 500,000); • Tine de Moor (UU), "United we stand". The dynamics and consequences of institutions for collective action in pre-industrial Europe (ERC Starting Independent Researcher Grant, € 1,200,000); • Tim Soens and Erik Thoen (UGent), Haantjesgedrag. Lokale elites in een veranderende samenleving: een comparatief onderzoek naar machtsverwerving in Vlaamse en Brabantse dorpsgemeenschappen, 13e-16e eeuw (€ 484,000); • Jan-Willem Veluwenkamp (RUG), The ascent of the Frisians. The Dutch commercial system and the market for maritime transport, 1550-1800 (€ 600,000); Realisatie Elektronische Databank Sonttolregisters (1497-1857) 20082013 (NWO, Friese culturele fondsen, Tresoar, RUG, € 1,656,500). Among the dissertations issuing from projects run by members of the Low Countries Program are those of: • 2009: Veerle de Laet (UA), Kunst- en luxeconsumptie als sociale strategie in het spanningsveld tussen hof, adel en burgerij? Een onderzoek naar mode en smaak in het zeventiende en achttiende-eeuwse Brussel. Promotores: Bruno Blondé (UA), Bert De Munck (UA) and Katlijne Van der Stighelen (KUL); • 2010: Dries Lyna (UA), The Cultural Construction of Value. Art Auctions in Antwerp and Brussels (1700-1794). Promotores: Bruno Blondé (UA) and Filip Vermeylen (UA);

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2010: Jessica Dijkman (UU), Medieval market institutions. The organisation of commodity markets in Holland, c.1200 - c.1450. Promotores: Bas van Bavel(UU) and Jan Luiten van Zanden (UU/IISG); 2010: Jord Hanus (UA), Affluence and Inequality in the Low Countries. The city of ‘sHertogenbosch in the long Sixteenth Century, 1500-1650. Promotores: Bruno Blondé (UA) and Peter Stabel (UA).

Other projects: • Karel Davids (VU) and Bert de Munck (UA), Universiteit Antwerpen, The circulation of technical knowledge in the Low Countries, 1400-1700 (VNC); • Karel Davids (VU) with Gert Oostindie (KITLV) and Henk den Heijer (UL), Dutch Atlantic Connections: the circulation of people, goods and ideas in the Atlantic world, c.1680-1795 (NWO); • Jessica Dijkman (UU), Power, markets and economic development: the rise, organization and institutional framework of markets in Holland, 11th -16th centuries; • Oscar Gelderblom (UU) and Bas van Bavel (UU), De Macht en Onmacht van Kredietmarkte, Akademieassistentenprogramma KNAW (€ 100,000); • Jord Hanus (UA), The wealth of cities. Economic growth and living standards in Brabant, Holland and Liège in the long run, 1500-1900, FWO-Flanders Postdoctoral Fellowship 2010-2013 (€ 224,000); • Dries Lyna (UA), Constructing the Canon? Selection and Assessment Procedures at the Academies of Fine Arts in Antwerp and The Hague, 1650-1850, FWO Flanders Postdoctoral Fellowship 2010-2013 (€ 224,000); • Bert de Munck (UA), Stad en verandering. Naar een nieuwe onderzoeksagenda voor stadsgeschiedenis FWO-onderzoeksgemeenschap (WOG 2011-2016); • Vincent van Roy (UA), Wetenschap of techniek? Circulatiemechanismen van academisch-theoretische kennis en technisch-praktische vaardigheden in de medische beroepen in de Lage Landen (1540-1795); Looptijd: 01/10/2010; PhD onderzoeksproject, Centrum voor Stadsgeschiedenis; • Reinoud Vermoesen (UA), Production pedlars en peasants in de vroegmoderne Zuidelijke Nederlanden. De lokale economie in een vergelijkend perspectief, BOF Kleine projecten onderzoeksraad (2009-2010).

B. Drivers and Carriers of Globalisation. Technology, Economics and Business in Transnational and Comparative Perspective (Globalisation, Technological Change and Economic Development) Program directors: Dr. E. Frankema (UU) and dr. E. van der Vleuten (TUE). The globalisation theme made a re-start in 2008 with several explorative theme workshops. On this basis we drafted a new theme program for the 2008-2014 period. This program can be obtained from the Posthumus website. Its main goal is to bring together, and stimulate synergies between, the various research projects of NWP fellows and PhD students in Flanders and the Netherlands. It takes a pro-active

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course and invites response to a number of intellectual puzzles and opportunities for cooperation. Overall, the program combines work on (1) the determinants of worldwide/regional integration of markets, technological systems, business systems, or polities (‘drivers of globalisation’) and (2) the historical shaping of cross-border connections, movements, infrastructure, and circulations (‘carriers of globalisation’). The program exploits the complementarities of comparative and transnational history perspectives. In 2010 the globalisation theme organized the session Transnational History: Interpretations and Uses at the annual NWP Conference in Leiden. The session highlighted, juxtaposed, and debated different approaches to transnational history of NWP partner programs (Eindhoven, Ghent, Rotterdam). Within the framework of the theme, Van der Vleuten gave a lecture at the University of Ghent on a transnational history of science and technology. In addition, the theme organized the workshop Colonial Extraction in the Netherlands Indies and Belgian Congo: Institutions, institutional change and long term consequences (Utrecht, 3-4 December 2010). There will be a follow-up workshop in Antwerp at 7 and 8 October 2011 in order to prepare an edited volume. Furthermore, several NWP globalisation fellows organized large conferences in which other NWP fellows/students participated. The Eindhoven group co-organized the 4th Tensions of Europe/ Inventing Europe Final Conference (Sofia, 17-20 June 2010). The Rotterdam group organized its Second Transnational Rhine conference (Frankfurt am main, 25-27 November 2010). Large research grants: • Thomas Lindblad (Leiden), State and Economy in Modern Indonesia’s Change of Regimes, for € 410,000; • Hein Klemann (Rotterdam), Outport and Hinterland: Rotterdam Business and the Ruhr Industry, 1870-2000, for € 600,000; • Herman de Jong (Groningen), Modern Times. European Capitalism in the Second Industrial Revolution 1900-1950, for € 600,000. Other projects: There were several grants and prizes awarded to our fellows and students: • Eric Vanhaute (UGent) received a grant from the Economische Raad van OostVlaanderen to conduct a study of 55 jaar EROV – 55 jaar sociaal-economische geschiedenis van Oost-Vlaanderen (€ 50,000). • Eric Vanhauto (UGent) also received a grant from FWO Vlaanderen for a PhD research project on Nationale en regionale spanningen in de Belgische economische politiek na de Tweede Wereldoorlog (1950-1980). Een geïntegreerde analyse van het economisch denken, de instellingen, de organisaties en het beleid (€ 260.000). • Dennie Oude Nijhuis (UL) received a Rubicon grant from NWO for a two-year research visit at Yale University (€ 55,000). • Ewout Frankema (UU) received a VNC-grant for organization of two workshops on The History of Colonial Extraction: A Comparative Analysis of the Dutch East

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Indies and Belgian Congo (€ 12,500), awarded by the Flemish-Dutch Committee for Dutch Language and Culture (VNC) of the combined Flemish and Dutch Science Foundation (FWO/NWO), joint with Stefaan Marysse, University of Antwerp. Jeroen Touwen (UL) received a grant from the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Studies for the project Coordination challenged. The economic history of the Netherlands between 1950 and 2000 in a comparative perspective (€ 12,500). MA student Marlous van Waijenburg (UU), supervised by Ewout Frankema (UU), was awarded the IISG/Volkskrant prize for best thesis in History (€ 1,500) and the best MA-thesis award of the Faculty of Humanities, Utrecht University, in the category “Social Relevance” (€ 500) for her MA-Thesis Living Standards in British Africa in a Comparative Perspective, 1880-1945: Is poverty destiny?

C. People, Space & Places in History Program directors: Prof.dr. M.G.J. Duijvendak (RUG) and dr. A.J. Schuurman (WU). In 2011 this research program will be continued under the leadership of dr. Tim Soens (UA) and dr. Paul Brusse (UU). The use/management of space and the meaning of space (geographical, social, economic, cultural and political) is the central topic of this program. In 2010 we planned three meetings. One was organized within the framework of the general Posthumus-conference on 21 May in Leiden, in which we problematized the necessity of regional history in our contemporary world of globalization. In a second one (also in May) we continued our focus on GIS and organized with Prof. dr Hans Moll from the Fryske Akademy a conference on the digitization of the cadastral map of 1832 for Groningen. The third meeting was held in November in Middelburg within the framework of the publication of a new research on the history of the province of Zeeland; a million-euro project directed by Paul Brusse from Utrecht University that will become important for our program as such. In October 2010 Petra van Dam delivered her inaugural lecture as professor for water history at the VU University Amsterdam. The project ‘Modernization and democratization in the Dutch countryside, 1840-1920’ published its first major book: Boeren aan de macht by Piet van Cruyningen in a new series published by Verloren Hilversum and called: Studies in the History of the Countyrside, Landscape and the Environment. Koos Bosma, together with Jan Kolen, edited a textbook with contributions from several of the members of the program People, Space and Places: History and design. A textbook for the management of cultural heritage. In 2011 we will organize again several meetings. One meeting will be part of the general Posthumus-conference in Antwerpen and addresses the history of the countyrside after World War II. Others are again connected to the Zeeland-project from Paul Brusse. We will also use the year 2011 to reflect on our program.

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List of externally funded projects: The fellows of this program were again successful in obtaining grants and realizing major publications in 2010. The extensive list of publications is included in Appendix 11 of this Annual Report. •

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2010-2013 EDR (Eems-Dollard Region EU-INTERREG) € 50,000 for ‘Memento Mori, death and the tomb in the Northern German and Dutch coastal area (‘Memento Mori, de dood en het graf’ in het Noord-Nederlandse en NoordwestDuitse kustgebied); prof.dr. M.G.J. Duijvendak, and prof.dr. B. Ramakers (RUG), dr. Paul Wessels and dr. Sonia König Ostfriesische Landschaft in Aurich; 200 jaar studiefinanciering in Nederland. Three PhD-projects on student grants in the Netherlands, in cooperation with Rijksuniversiteit Leiden and Universiteit Utrecht; drs. J.J. Derksen (DUO) prof.dr. M.G.J. Duijvendak (RUG), dr. A.J.J. in ’t Groen (UL) and prof.dr. P. Kooij (RUG) 2010-2014 Department of Education, € 450,000; Cuius Regio. An analysis of the cohesive and disruptive forces determining the attachment and commitment of (groups of) persons to and the cohesion within regions; prof.dr. D.E.H. de Boer (RUG) and prof.dr. M.G.J. Duijvendak (RUG), 2010-2013 European Science Foundation, Eurocore program; 2010-2013 Stichting Rooms-Katholieke stedelijke sociaal-charitatieve instelling Groningen (SCI) € 60,000; project Roman Catholic poverty care in the City of Groningen in the 19th and 20th century; prof.dr. M.G.J. Duijvendak (RUG); 2011-2015 Stichting professor Van Winterfonds, € 198,000; project: Gedwongen winkelnering in Louisiana en Nederland, c. 1865-1940, PhD research project Karin Lurvink (VU); prof.dr. Karel Davids (VU) and dr. Wybren Verstegen (VU).

Other projects • Tim Soens: Ecologie en Macht. Leefmilieu als bron van conflict in de middeleeuwse en vroegmoderne Nederlanden (2008-2010: Universiteit Antwerpen, BOFStartkrediet, project 23258: € 30,000); • De vroege hydrografie van de stad Gent: een verkennend geomorfologisch onderzoek van het menselijk ingrijpen in de waterhuishouding van het Middeleeuwse Gent (1100-1300) (2009-2010: Universiteit Antwerpen, BOFAcademiseringskrediet 23091: € 20,000, co-promotor prof.dr. Piet Lombaerde, Hogeschool Antwerpen); • Ecologische conflicten, plattelandsgemeenschappen en politieke centralisatie in de Bourgondisch-Habsburgse Nederlanden (ca. 1300-ca. 1570): test-case: het hertogdom Brabant. (2009-2011: Universiteit Antwerpen, BOF-Startkrediet B 24083: € 75,000); • Haantjesgedrag. Lokale elites in een veranderende samenleving: een comparatief onderzoek naar machtsverwerving in Vlaamse en Brabantse dorpsgemeenschappen (13e-16e eeuw) (€ 484,000, co-promotor prof.dr. Erik Thoen, Universiteit Gent; 2009-2012: FWO-project G.0757.09N:);

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2009-2013: Universiteit Antwerpen, BOF NOI-project 23269: Verdronken maar niet verlaten. Interacties tussen sociale en ecologische veerkracht van estuariene landschappen na overstromingen. Test-case: de Wase Scheldepolders op de Antwerpse Linkeroever (15e-18e eeuw) (€ 170,000, co-promotor prof.dr. Stijn Temmerman, UA); Maika de Keyzer The struggle for the commons in the late medieval Campine area: an unexplored field, FWO aspirantschap, predoctorale beurs, gestart op 01.10.2010, Supervisor: Tim Soens (University of Antwerp, History department).

Dissertations • M. Molema, Economisch beleid in Noord-Nederland en Noordwest-Duitsland vanaf 1945. Promotie VU Amsterdam 22 november 2010. Supervisors: prof.dr. K. Davids (VU), prof. dr K. Bosma (VU) and prof.dr. M.G.J. Duijvendak (RUG); • K. Tippe, ‘Een echte Overijsselschman.’ Frederik Allard Ebbinge Wubben (17911874): burger, bestuurder en historicus in een rurale omgeving. Promotie RUG 25 februari 2010. Supervisors: prof.dr. M.G.J. Duijvendak (RUG) and prof.dr. D.J. Wolffram (RUG); • Jan Smit, Sporen van moderniteit. De sociaal-economische analyse van de regio Liemers, 1815-1940. Promotie Wageningen University 21 April 2010. Supervisor: Prof.dr. P. Kooij (WU).

D. Evolution of National Business Systems Program directors: Prof.dr. K.E. Sluyterman (UU) and dr. Gerarda Westerhuis (UU). The highlight of 2010 was a two-days international conference on corporate networks in Utrecht, organized by Gerarda Westerhuis in the context of the BINT (Business in the Netherlands in the 20th Century) research project on corporate governance of business in the Netherlands during the 20th century. The conference forms part of a large international project on corporate networks, in which researchers (historians, economists and sociologists) create databases and promote cross country comparisons. One of the purposes of this conference was connecting the network researchers from the 1970s and 1980s (f.e. Stokman) with those from the present, and in this way drawing maximum benefit from previous experiences. At the same time new research results were presented. With two volumes finished, we continued working on the five remaining volumes of the BINT project, dealing with different aspects of the Dutch business systems. Research results were discussed at regular meetings of the group of authors. We also discussed the publication of the final results in a separate English language volume. Three volumes came close to finish in 2010, including human capital, concentration and innovation, and will be published in 2011. Some research results of the BINT program figured prominently in a special issue on Varieties of Capitalism in the American journal Business History Review. The Dutch contribution included an introduction on the results of the BINT program so far, and three

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articles discussing respectively corporate governance, cooperation and collusion, and multinationals in the Netherlands. The writing of individual company histories is an integral part of the BINT program, because these studies offer important insights in the actual operations of companies in the long run. In 2010 the study on Boskalis and the Dutch dredging industry by Bram Bouwens and Keetie Sluyterman was published. Two new company histories were commissioned: the history of the Dutch bank BNG (Bank Nederlandse Gemeenten) and the Dutch brewery Heineken, a multinational company as well as a family business. The history of BNG will be finished in 2014 when the bank celebrates its centenary. The book will focus especially on the bank’s relation with the municipalities, other clients, the state and the financial market. The study on the multinational Heineken will mark the celebration of the company’s 150th anniversary in 2014. Because the BINT program is nearing completion, we are developing a new research program – in which we will move away from comparing the Netherlands with other European countries to comparing Europe with countries in Asia. With this new program, developed by Bram Bouwens, overlap threatened with the Posthumus research program ‘Drivers and Carriers of Globalisation’. We have therefore started negotiations with the project leaders of this program, and decided to merge the two research programs. The joint program will develop four, partially related themes: regional economic integration, colonialism and development, varieties of capitalism and sustainable development.

E. Life-course, Family and Labour Program directors: Prof.dr. I. Devos (UGent), prof.dr. Th. Engelen (Nijmegen) and dr. J. Kok (IISG). The core of the program was unchanged. As in previous years, we focussed on the study of the demographic behaviour of free historical actors in a restrained environment. This research was guided by a multi-level and an international comparative approach. The most important development within the program is the establishment of a special research program on the historical development of life courses at the Radboud University Nijmegen. This is a collaboration of the economic, social, demographic and cultural historians. The Faculty of Arts appointed Jan Kok as an Academy Professor on the Comparative History of the Life Course. Also dr. Hilde Bras joined this program with a so-called VIDI-funding from the Dutch Science Council (NWO). The title of her project is: ‘The power of the family. Family influences on long-term fertility decline in Europe, 1850-2010.’

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Special activities in 2010 include: • On April 9, prof.dr. A.P. Wolf from Stanford University offered a masterclass on research into infant and child mortality for four PhD-students from the Posthumus Institute. • Historical demographers of Belgium and the Netherlands convened on December 4 in Leuven for the Third Day of Historical Demography, this year dedicated to qualitative approaches to migration and fertility. • The so-called Werkgemeenschap Historische Demografie, a collaboration of Belgian and Dutch historical demographers was granted a second period of funding after assessment by the Belgian Science Council. • Engelen and Kok continued as editors of The History of the Family. An International Quarterly. The journal is now covered by the Social Sciences Citation Index, Journal Citation Reports/ Social Sciences Edition and Current Contents/Social and Behavioral Sciences and will receive a 2011 impact factor next year. Engelen also co-edited Studies over de sociaal-economische geschiedenis van Limburg (2010) 55. • In Nijmegen, Boonstra and Engelen finished the Hub for Aggregated Social History (HASH). • In 2010, Engelen, Shepherd and Yang edited the papers for the fourth volume of the series Life at the Extremes. The demography of Europe and China. These papers were originally presented at a conference on mortality regimes in the Netherlands and Taiwan in 2007. This volume was published in January 2011. The title of this volume is Death at the opposite ends of the Eurasian continent. Mortality trends in Taiwan and the Netherlands, 1850-1945. In addition, two books were published with the financial support of our program: • Koen Matthijs, Bart Van de Putte, Jan Kok en Hilde Bras (red.), Leven in de Lage Landen. Historisch-demografisch onderzoek in Vlaanderen en Nederland (Leuven en Den Haag: Acco Academic 2010) and Jan Kok en Jan van Bavel (red.), De levenskracht der bevolking. Sociale en demografische kwesties in de Lage Landen tijdens het interbellum. Leuven: Universitaire Pers Leuven. Jan Kok also co-edited a Festschrift for Antoinette-Fauve Chamoux, one of the leading ladies of our field, to which a large number of colleagues contributed: Many Paths to Happiness? Studies in Population and Family History A Festschrift for Antoinette FauveChamoux (Amsterdam, Aksant 2010). • Many members of the program participated in the European Social Science History Conference. Theo Engelen and Xing-chen Lin presented a paper called “Demographic Seasonality in historical Taiwan and the Netherlands. Culture, Economy or Biology?” Research projects • Isabelle Devos acquired two research projects: Women with a deviant survival strategy? The life courses of prostitutes in Ghent and Bruges, 1750-1795. Duur van het project: 01.10.2010 - 01.10.2014 (Maja Mechant); and Breaking the silence. On the formal and social integration of the hearing impaired. Case study: East-

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• •

Flanders, 1750-1900. Duur van het project: 01.10.2010 - 01.10.2014 (Sofie De Veirman). Jan Kok was co-applicant of the project CLIO-INFRA. Research Infrastructure for the study of global inequality, which acquired a funding of € 1,423,000 from NWO-Groot. Jan Kok was also co-applicant of the project Agency, Gender, and Economic Development in the World Economy 1850-2000 which received € 950,000 from the Open Competitie Geesteswetenschappen (main applicant J.L. van Zanden, UU).

In 2011 we will focus on the strengthening of our research program on historical life courses. On December 1, we organize a conference on ‘the life course approach in historical demography’ (Radboud University Nijmegen). We also aim to broaden our international contacts and increase our impact. Since 2010, Jan Kok acts as co-chair of the network Family and Demography of the American Social Science History Conference. We will also continue to work on grants that extend existing (e.g. Historical Sample of the Netherlands) or create new databases in our field, as well as grants for new tools for demographic data mining (specifically in the context of the Computational Humanities program of the KNAW). An important development in our field is the creation of an Intermediate Data Structure that will allow direct comparison between historical databases with longitudinal micro data (such as life courses) in different countries. In 2010, ESF (Research Networking Programme) prioritized the grant application for a European Historical Population Samples Network, in which about 30 large databases from more than 20 countries participate. The program will start in June 2011 and has a budget of about € 600,000. The main applicant is Kees Mandemakers. The program Life-course, Family and Labour aims to participate in and stimulate this Network by all means possible.

F. Social History of Communities Directors: Dr. M.P.C. van der Heijden (Leiden University), prof.dr. M.H.D. van Leeuwen (IISG/UU), and dr. Griet Vermeesch (VUB). Social History of Communities is a Flemish-Dutch research program for scholars working on the social history of communities. It engages senior academic staff, postdoc researchers and PhD students from the Netherlands and Flanders. - The program emphasizes social, socio-political and cultural history, aspects that are complementary to the other NWP research themes. - The program focuses on the concept of ‘civil society’ which forms an important aspect of the social and economic history of the Netherlands and Europe and unites the interests of many Posthumus research fellows and PhD students. We also aim at looking outside Europe by developing a global perspective. - The long-term perspective from Middle Ages to the present adds to the interest of this theme, for example in research into migration processes (Leo Lucassen, UL;

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Marlou Schrover, UL; Anne Winter, VUB; and Hilde Greefs, UA) and into social mobility, as presented in the ERC Advanced Grant Project of Marco van Leeuwen on intergenerational social mobility 1700-2000. The basic assumption of the program is that developments in early modern and modern communities result from interactions between means of production, institutions and social relations. The program looks at causes and patterns of the formation of social groups, and at the consequences, in particular the rise of a civil society. The notion of civil society refers to organizations that do not belong to the market or to the state, but are formed by citizens and their organizations, such as guilds, churches, voluntary associations, charities, sport clubs etc. These organizations are often perceived as the backbone of successful societies. Three areas of research are particularly relevant: 1. The formation of boundaries between social groups e.g. through marriages or other processes of assimilation and closure 2. The creation or destruction of shared beliefs and the feeling of belonging together. In what ways does membership of certain institutions result in a sense of creating shared resources and identities? Are some organizations more effective than others in this respect, and how, and why, does this change over time? 3. The impact that institutions have on the society at large with regard to a generalized feeling of trust, or conversely, social tensions and conflicts. Large research grants • The ERC awarded an Advanced Investigator Grant, “Towards Open Societies? Trends, Variations and Driving Forces of Intergenerational Social Mobility in Europe over the Past Three Centuries”, (1921 k€) to Marco van Leeuwen; • NWO VICI-project dr. Marlou Schrover: Gender and Migration in the Netherlands, 1945-2005 (2006-2011, granted € 1.250.000), University of Leiden; • NWO VIDI-project dr. Manon van der Heijden: Civil Services and Urban Communities, 1500-1800 (2005-2010, granted € 600.000), University of Leiden; • NWO klein programma GW, Giving in the Golden Age (GIGA), by prof.dr. L. Heerma van Voss and prof.dr. Marco van Leeuwen (2007-2012), granted € 500.000), International Institute for Social History; • IUAP Fase VI (OSTC), Cities and Society in the Low Countries (1200-1800): space, knowledge, social capital’, University of Ghent (UGent) – Marc Boone, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) – Monique Weis, University of Antwerp (UA) – Bruno Blondé, Bibliothèque Royale de Belgique (KBR) – Patrick Lefèvre, Musées Royaux des Beaux-Arts de Belgique (MRBAB) – Michel Draguet, University of Utrecht (UU) – Maarten Prak. Other research grants • Research grant of the Research Council (Onderzoeksraad) of the University of Antwerp, project ‘Sociaal kapitaal in Antwerpse ambachten, 16de eeuw’, by

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prof.dr. B. de Munck and drs. Koen Wouters, (2007-2011, € 130.000), University of Antwerp; Integration of artisan-immigrants into urban labour markets: Antwerp and Brussels, 1450-1800 (prod. H. Soly and prof. C. Lis), 2006-2010, € 237.400; Foundation of the research group AMI: Archief en herinnering van migratie in Vlaanderen, by dr. Leen Beyers, University of Leuven; VNC-project ‘Netwerken van staat en kapitaal. Oorlog, militaire instituties en entrepreneurs in de Zuidelijke Nederlanden, 1700-1788’, by Hugo Soly and Griet Vermeesch, Vrije Universiteit Brussels; FWO research project ‘Expel or subsidise? Local migration policies in the Southern Low Countries, c. 1700-1900’ (2007-2010)’, € 138.000; 2010-2013 Wetenschap en maatschappijproject UGent Feestlokaal Vooruit: 100/30 jaar (im)materieel erfgoed (promotor Bruno De Wever, copromotor Gita Deneckere); Bert de Munck (UA), Stad en verandering. Naar een nieuwe onderzoeksagenda voor stadsgeschiedenis FWO-onderzoeksgemeenschap (WOG 2011-2016); 2009- 2011 European research network grant on Civil Society, ESF Exploratory, by Bert de Munck and Maarten van Dijck.

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6. FINANCIAL STATEMENT Revenues (in € 1000) Contributions of participating faculties and IISH, SHCL Fees PhD Students GlobalEuroNet (RDC/ESTER) From Reserves Total revenues Expenditure (in € 1000) Management and administration Salary office manager and compensation scientific director Program coördinator Expenses secretariat, General Board, printing costs Education committee Subtotal TRAINING PROGRAM Basic Training: Seminars I + II + Final Assessment Basic Training: Research Design Course Advanced training: - PhD Conference (required for 3rd year PhD students) - Masterclasses Total Education RESEARCH General Expenses Program Directors Expenses Research Programs NWP Annual Conference Total Research Total expenditure

22

Estimated

Realised

47.5 7.5 15 40

47.5 11.5 15 15

110

89

Estimated

Realised

40

28

23 4 0.5

23 2.5 0.5

67.5

54

5 20

2.7 20

2 2 29

2 1.3 26

0.5 9 4 13.5 110

0.5 6.5 2 9 89

Explanation Financial Statement 2010 For this interim year, the General Agreement 2004-2010 was extended with one year. This meant that the member contributions remained the same (€ 5,000; some members paid tuition for participating PhD students instead of a fixed sum). There was no substitute yet for the Groningen contribution for housing the secretariat (€ 60,000), so that in the estimated budget we expected to use € 40,000 of the reserves. Careful management and relatively low salary costs (a smaller secretariat) reduced the loss to € 15,000. For the period 2011-2015, a new arrangement has been signed. Expenditure Management and administration: These costs include travel expenses of the office manager, the scientific director, and the program director, expenses for meetings in Utrecht and elsewhere, office supplies and representative costs. Also, the contribution for IEHA, and costs for moving the secretariat to Leiden are included here. Training Program: The Training Program in the first year consists of Seminar 1, Seminar 2, the Research Design Course and the individual assessments. Brussels paid for part of the training sessions in the educational program which were organized by them. Some of the expenses for the RDC in Barcelona are booked on Posthumus (travel expenses of invited experts). All other costs were paid for by the local organizer and GlobalEuroNet (€ 15,000). Research: Expenditure of the Research Programs was lower than estimated – surpluses are added to reserves.

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N.W. Posthumus Institute PhD Dissertations in 2010

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Dries Lyna, The Cultural Construction of Value Art Auctions in Antwerp and Brussel (1700-1794) Supervisor: Prof.dr. Bruno Blondé and dr. Filip Vermeylen Graduation: 27 April 2010 Contrary to past research on the development of the early modern art market, this book wanted to frame the advent of specialised art auctions within broader changes in the material and consumer culture of the eighteenth century. Changes in the consumption patterns of European citizens not only affected the retail circuits for new goods from the late seventeenth century onwards, but also influenced the practices of selling second-hand products. In-between the rigid mental categories of 'old' and 'new' another one emerged: second-hand luxury goods, predecessors of present-day 'antiques'. As the eighteenth century progressed, collections of used books, jewellery and paintings were increasingly sold on separate public sales, detached from the rest of the household goods. Parallel to this product-related segmentation, the specialised auctions moved to novel salesrooms across town. The same mechanism that spurred the growing importance of fashionable boutiques in the primary market also restructured the resale markets: secondary trade in 'old luxuries' such as art, books and jewellery likewise required sociable and fashionable salesrooms, far from the traditional hubs of public sales.

Parallel to the creation of these specialized public sales, a shift in power occurred within the second-hand markets. Similar to processes on the Parisian and London

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auction markets, brokers in the Southern Netherlands slowly took control of the specialized auctions. These professional dealers not only assumed prominent roles in the organization of specialized art auctions, they likewise sought to transform the economic transaction of the auction into a dignified social and cultural event, as Gersaint and his successors had done for Parisian auctions. This novel auction culture consisted mainly of a drastic change of location (from market squares to semi-cultural salesrooms) and an appropriated lofty discourse on paintings with aristocratic influences. A new way of thinking and talking about art was cultivated in printed auction catalogues, which became evermore important in reaching and swaying potential customers, both on a local, regional and subregional level. But the limited local demand for art in the Southern Netherlands and the following price decline on the auction market forced the dealer-auctioneers to address (agents of) foreign art lovers, resulting in the sell-out of Flemish paintings and the international dissemination of the region's artistic patrimony.

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Jord Hanus, Affluence and Inequality in the Low Countries. The City of ‘sHertogenbosch in the Long Sixteenth Century, 1500-1650 Supervisor: Prof.dr. Bruno Blondé and prof.dr. P. Stabel Graduation: 18 June 2010 The sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Low Countries experienced a prolific economic expansion that lifted total and per capita output and living standards to unprecedented levels. Geographical variations were important. During the first half of the ‘long’ sixteenth century (1450-1575) the Southern Netherlands boomed, in particular the Brabant heartland surrounding the commercial capital Antwerp. The unfolding Eighty Years’ War (1568-1648) and the political, economic and social upheaval associated with the early years of the Dutch Revolt (1568-1572) reversed the region’s fortunes dramatically and structurally. This economic downswing mirrored a general European trend as the Southern Netherlands fell at the wrong side of the ‘little divergence’ in early modern Europe. Indeed, recent research has emphasized that in contrast to the long-term stagnation and decline characterizing most of early modern Europe, outstanding growth trajectories were recorded in the golden age of the Northern Netherlands (1570-1650) and eighteenth-century England. The ‘revolt of the early modernists’ found fertile ground for a revisionist agenda in the exceptional economic expansion of the early modern North-Sea economies, which in turn became engines of secular growth and development.

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Somewhat surprisingly, it is unclear how the Southern Netherlands fit into this optimistic reading of (a part of) Europe’s economic history. Not too long ago few historians would have doubted that the splendour of the early modern North Searegion was the result of interlocked processes of commercial specialization, market integration and differentiation, (human) capital accumulation and product and process innovations in production and finance originating in medieval and sixteenth-century Flanders and Brabant. The urban network of the Southern Netherlands and its crucial ingredients of scale, proximity and circulation fuelling economic expansion were thought to differ in degree and not in kind with the celebrated urbanised core of the Northern Netherlands. Today, the connection between this phase of economic development and the (alleged) first round of modern economic growth triggering Dutch affluence remains obscure. These findings lead to a number of principal questions. Is it meaningful to integrate the sixteenth-century expansion of the Southern Netherlands into the same ‘modern’ or ‘post-Malthusian’ framework used to describe the accelerating North Sea economies (De Vries and Van der Woude, Van Zanden)? Was, conversely, the Brabant golden age a decisively pre-modern phenomenon, shouldering Smithian efflorescences but ultimately grounded in inevitable Malthusian constraints and thus qualitatively and quantitatively different from the Dutch miracle (Goldstone, van Bavel)? More to the point, in what ways and to what extent did the growth dynamics of North and South diverge or converge during the long sixteenth century? This book seeks tentative answers by means of a detailed analysis of the urban centre of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century ‘s-Hertogenbosch, situated in the north of the duchy of Brabant. The choice to study a city and its surroundings is not accidental. Not unlike in present-day economies (Glaeser), for reasons of scale, proximity, circulation, spillover, etc., urban economies stood at the heart of economic development in pre-industrial Europe. Yet even though the dense urbanisation of the Low Countries has been generally accepted as pivotal to the region’s economic achievements, detailed local and regional examinations of the social and economic causes and effects of growth and decline have been scarcely studied (noted exceptions are Van der Wee and Van Bavel). Affluence and Inequality focuses on three key issues. First, by want of historical GDP figures for the Southern Netherlands, an assessment of total and average output in the city of ‘s-Hertogenbosch provides a quantitative test of the growth trajectories in the core region Brabant. Second, the book presents a thorough examination of urban living standards at all income brackets, which in this dynamic urban economy cannot be readily proxied by the traditional means of average output or real wages. As welfare economics demonstrate, the study of living standards is integral to our appreciation of economic growth. A key feature of modern growth is that it permanently raises both average output and general living standards. In addition, economic theory has stressed the relevance of aggregate demand and consumption in sustaining growth, thereby tying income inequality to economic growth in the long run. Since the Dutch growth spurt achieved sustained income increases for all 29

layers of society, it could be argued that the Dutch economy remained at a high-level equilibrium despite faltering growth rates. In what way did the welfare effects of the sixteenth-century Southern boom facilitate or exacerbate recovery in the seventeenth century? This is a question intimately related with that of the social effects of economic growth (and decline) in general and of the long sixteenth century in particular. Third, can ideas formulated by new institutional economics (on the efficiency of formal and informal institutions), endogenous growth theory (on human capital accumulation) or new economic geography (on the ‘home market effect’) clarify the established levels and trends in economic growth and living standards, both sui generis and in relation to the Dutch Republic? Or should we restore confidence in a neo-Malthusian (diminishing returns) or neo-Smithian (commercialisation and market integration) framework to understand the history of affluence and inequality in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century ‘s-Hertogenbosch?

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Jessica Dijkman, Medieval market institutions. The organisation of commodity markets in Holland, c. 1200 – c. 1450 Supervisor: Prof.dr. B.J.P. van Bavel & Prof.dr. J.L. van Zanden Graduation: 18 June 2010 In the late Middle Ages, the county of Holland experienced a phase of strong economic growth, while in many neighbouring regions the era was marked by stagnation or even decline. In her dissertation, Jessica Dijkman examines the contribution of the organisation of commodity markets to Holland’s rapid commercialisation. She discusses market institutions, their origins and their effects, drawing comparisons between Holland, Flanders and England.

The reclamation of Holland’s extensive peatlands in the 11th to 13th centuries had given rise to balanced social and political relations: the powers of the state, towns, lords and rural communities more or less kept each other in check. As a result, the organisation of commodity markets differed in several respects from what was customary elsewhere. In England the control of the king and the nobility over trade had given commercialisation an early start; English lords, for instance, established many small markets and fairs on their estates in the early 13th and early 14th century. However, royal and seigniorial control also facilitated rentseeking through taxation, licensing and fining of commercial activities. And while Flemish urban elites, especially in Ghent, Bruges, and Ypres, stimulated the rise of commerce in the cities, they also, and increasingly so, suppressed rural trade. The small towns of Holland were unable to dominate the countryside in the same way; attempts to establish urban monopolies were usually blocked by the count, competition

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amongst towns, or the traditional autonomy of rural communities. Especially between 1350 and 1450 Holland profited from this situation: specialised rural trade venues emerged that made it easier for peasants and fishermen to participate in an expanding interregional trade. At the end of the Middle Ages markets in Holland performed well. Price integration with markets elsewhere in the North Sea region was relatively strong and the share of labour input devoted to market-oriented production was very high. Holland’s rapid commercialisation can certainly not be attributed to the institutional framework alone. Non-institutional factors played an important part: changes in demand stimulated an increase of interregional trade all over northwestern Europe, and in Holland the subsiding of the peat soil made grain cultivation, and thus selfsufficiency, impossible. Nevertheless, even if the organisation of commodity markets was not the driving force behind Holland’s late medieval commercialisation, it did allow people to take full advantage of new commercial opportunities and thus facilitated and reinforced the process. De handelseditie van dit proefschrift verschijnt in augustus 2011 bij Brill, onder de titel Shaping Medieval Markets. The Organisation of Commodity Markets in Holland, c. 1200 - c. 1450.

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Marloes Hülsken, Opting for children? Women’s magazines and their readers on Catholic marital life in the Netherlands, 1950-1975 Supervisor: Prof.dr. Th.L.M. Engelen, prof.dr. P.M.M. Klep & prof.dr. S.A. Levie Graduation: 2 September 2010 Even today large Catholic families are a vivid stereotypical image in Dutch society, which during the first half of the twentieth century was highly pillarized along religious lines. Stories abound, about the different ways the church tried to influence family size. Parish priests would visit families in their homes urging them to conceive many children and enquiring about why the next child, in their opinion, was delayed. Motherhood and large families were glorified in Catholic media. Photographs in women’s magazines showed families with up to fifteen or sixteen children. ‘The more children the better’, seemed to be the message preached not only to, but also by, Catholics. All this seemed to change radically during the second half of the twentieth century. The large Catholic family disappeared. From the 1970s onwards, Catholic family size no longer differed much from the average family size found for other religious groups. Since the 1950s questions about the reasoning behind the change in fertility levels of Catholics became increasingly the subject of research and discussion. This book aims to offer a contribution to the scientific debate about the history of Catholic marital life and the fertility drop by analyzing how women’s magazines (Beatrijs, Libelle, Margriet and Doorkijk) wrote about motherhood, family size, birth planning and sexual morality and by examining whether, and if so how, these magazines influenced their Catholic female readers. By conducting qualitative interviews with twenty-five Catholic female readers, this study offers an analysis on the meaning attributed to women’s magazines by their female readers during the period 19501975. What were the results of my research? Direct decisions about the use of birth control were not or only slightly influenced by the content of women’s magazines. For instance, until the end of the 1960s Beatrijs, Libelle and Margriet hardly wrote about topics such as birth control, sexuality and family limitation, although their readers were interested in these issues. The interviewed women were already using contraceptives during the 1950s and 1960s, even before the magazines began to write about this topic. Most of the interviewed women had thus already gained information on birth control from other sources. Until the end of the 1960s the magazines were mainly followers of women’s new and innovative behavior. The Catholic magazine Doorkijk however did write on birth control and family limitation at an earlier stage and in a progressive manner, from the 1960s onwards, but this magazine was much smaller in circulation and was hardly read by the women interviewed here. From the end of the 1960s the magazines stimulated women to think and act in a modern way about topics such as the women’s movement, sexuality and birth control. During the period 1950-1975 Catholic women tried to influence their fertility outcomes in active ways. For the interviewed women family planning was a 33

dynamic process in which strategy and goals were continuously adjusted. All twenty-five women, apart form one, used contraceptives for a certain period of time during their marriage. Within each family different problems and situations determined actual birth control strategies. Most women either wanted to space births or they wanted to stop further child bearing. In retrospect, they gave specific reasons. Motives were based on the family size of the parental family of the interviewed, health reasons, practical and financial objectives, and moral values. The rules of the Catholic church as well as women’s social environment were of influence in the decision-making process, but this did not prevent women from practicing birth control. This confirms the thesis that there was no sudden break during the 1960s in the opinions and behavior of Catholic women about family planning. Information on birth control was obtained through the literature in the field, acquaintances, friends, educational evenings, educational books, their general practitioner, radio, newspapers and magazines. Marloes Hülsken, Kiezen voor Kinderen? Vrouwentijdschriften en hun lezeressen over het katholieke huwelijksleven, 1950-1975 (Hilversum: Verloren 2010).

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P. Vervust, The Limits of Colonial Symbolic Power: Ethnicization and Racialization in Rwanda 1890-1960 Supervisors: Prof.dr. E. Vanhaute and Prof.dr. B. Lecocq Graduation: 8 September 2010 During the genocide in 1994, the Hamitic hypothesis was carried to excess when thousands of Tutsi bodies were ‘sent back’ to Ethiopia by being thrown into the Nyabarongo River. This extreme form of racism was unmistakably inspired by the colonial legacy, which therefore cannot be trivialized. However, as real and as devastating this colonial legacy has been, the historical analysis of colonial symbolic power in shaping ethnicity and race cannot be reduced to it. When defining symbolic power with Pierre Bourdieu as 'a power of constituting the given through utterances, of making people see and believe, of confirming or transforming the vision of the world and, thereby, action on the world and thus the world itself’ (Bourdieu 1991: 170), stating that symbolic power was a one-sided, all-pervasive and totally effective colonial imposition would give colonial actors more credit than they deserve. Instead, a more complete understanding of ethnicity and race in Rwandan history requires that colonial symbolic power is not overrated and the agency of colonized subjects not underrated. When doing so, this dissertation contributes to a better understanding of the academic paradigms of ethnicization and racialization in Rwanda under European colonial rule, which have prevailed in the critically informed literature. Whereas ‘ethnicization’ means that ethnicity, as incorporated by the labels Tutsi, Hutu and Twa, gained political and social relevance, ‘racialization’ implies that the ethnicization of society was underpinned by an ideology of race. In general, it may be stated that the existing scholarly literature on Rwandan history considers the process of ethnicization as having been reinforced and actually racialized during the colonial period. This dissertation acknowledges the role of colonial symbolic power in the processes of ethnicization and racialization, but also intends to further analyze it by turning to its limits. The hypothesis that is developed, states that colonial symbolic power was limited in the processes of ethnicization and racialization for two reasons: first, the racial ideology that underpinned the process of ethnicization in Rwanda was not completely new because it was partly based on local, pre-existing elements. And second, the relevance of ethnicity and race in colonial policies and politics was obviously high, but not at all times paramount compared to the relevance of other identities. Other identities besides ethnicity and race that are considered in this study include principally class, gender and region, and, to a lesser extent, also clan and lineage. The main research question that results from this hypothesis is how ethnicity and race were embedded in symbolic power equations between and among local and colonial agents. When hybridity, continuity, heterogeneity, inconsistency and nonlinearity are acknowledged as fundamental features of the processes of ethnicization and racialization, it becomes clear how ethnicity and race functioned and did not function in both precolonial and colonial practices. Based on a wide range of historical sources produced during the colonial period, this dissertation 35

analyzes power equations as they were manifested between and among local and colonial agents, in both discourses and practices.

36

Marijn Molema, Regional power. Economic policy in the Northern Netherlands and North West Germany, 1945-2000 Supervisors: Prof.dr. C.A. Davids, Prof.dr. J.E. Bosma and M.G.J. Duijvendak Graduation: 22 November 2010 On the 22th of November 2010, Marijn Molema defended his PhD-thesis at the VU University Amsterdam. From March 2007 onwards, he compared economic policies in four regions: the provinces in Groningen and Drenthe in the Netherlands and the neighboring regions Ostfriesland and Emsland in Germany. In cross-fertilization between economic- and social history and political history the research shows the dynamic developments in a much-discussed field of policy. Regional economic politics focused on regional industrialization until the 1970s, but in the same decade a process of transformation set in. Other sectors of economic activity were taken into account; ‘innovation’ instead of ‘industry’ became the new magic word of regional development. The content of regional policy was broadened and in the wake of this, the organization of regional policy changed too. Regional politicians, civilians, and people from business life got a key role in the recognition and expansion of their ‘regional economic power’.

Illustration: Civil servants from the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs are developing the region, The Hague 1969. Source: private collection D. Dirker.

Regional policy maintained nevertheless its political character, which was part of the ongoing struggle between regional and national actors. The dissertation shows how the political struggle in the Netherlands was harder compared to Germany, and this resulted in a lead of the Dutch regions: regional policy was here faster and fiercer. Because the economic point of departure was similar in al the regions, the 37

explanation for this has been sought in the political and administrative structures of the countries. In the Dutch regions, a driving force of regional policy was the extraordinary relationship between the Northern Netherlands and the political center of the country. In Germany the distance between center and region was larger; this is related to the bigger size of Germany. The size of Germany had its influence on another way too. In the Netherlands, the political contrast between a rich economic center and a poor periphery was framed into differences between ‘the Randstad’ and ‘the North’. This contrast had a catalytic influence on the regional development debate. In Germany this contrast was less fierce, because national space was bigger here, and had a more pluriform character. Besides the comparison, the dissertation pays attention to the European chapter of regional policy. From the end of the 1960s, first ideas about cross-border cooperation were formed. Because the Northern Netherlands and North West Germany had a lot of experience with regional economic policy, they were forerunners in the foundation of cross-border cooperation too. The constitution of the Ems Dollart Region is investigated, and its further development up to 2000 is also part of this dissertation.

38

APPENDIX 1: ORGANISATION OF THE N.W. POSTHUMUS INSTITUTE GENERAL BOARD Major decisions of the N.W. Posthumus Institute are taken by a General Board, consisting of the holders of chairs in economic and social history at the participating institutions. The board meets two to three times a year. The daily affairs of NWP are in the hands of an Executive Committee and a scientific director supported by an office manager. The training program and research programs are headed by respectively an education program director and research program directors. The ultimate responsibility for research activities lies within the faculties and institutions that participate in the NWP. An examination committee and an education committee see to the quality of the students and teaching affairs of NWP. Every six years there is an assessment of the quality of research and education by external peers. GENERAL BOARD 2010 (members and substitute-members): Prof.dr. B. Blondé (UA) Prof.dr. C.A. Davids (VU) Prof.dr. I. Devos (UGent) Prof.dr. M.G.J. Duijvendak (RUG) Prof.dr. T.L.M. Engelen (RU) Prof.dr. H. Greefs (UA) Drs. J. Puttevils (UA), PhD representative Dr. M.C. ‘t Hart (UvA) Prof.dr. A.F. Heerma van Voss (IISG) Dr. H.J. de Jong (RUG) Prof.dr. H.A.M. Klemann (EUR) Prof.dr. P.M.M. Klep (RU) Prof.dr. A. Knotter (SHCL) Drs. D. Klein-Kranenburg (UL), PhD representative Prof.dr. J. Lucassen (IISG), chair Prof.dr. L.A.C.J. Lucassen (UL) Prof.dr. L. Noordegraaf (UvA) Prof.dr. M. Prak (UU) dr. W.J.M.J. Rutten (SHCL) Prof.dr. P. Scholliers (VUB) Prof.dr. J. Schot (Tue) Prof.dr. M.L.J.C. Schrover (UL) executive committee dr. A.J. Schuurman (WU) Prof.dr. H. Soly (VUB) Prof.dr. E. Vanhaute (UGent) executive committee Dr. A. Winter (VUB) dr. ir. G.P.J. Verbong (TUe) Prof.dr. J.L. van Zanden (UU) 39

Scientific director, advisor of the General Board and the executive committee dr. L.J. Touwen (UL) Education program director, advisor of the General Board and the education committee dr. A. Schmidt (UL) Office manager Mw. R.J. Wensma, BA (UL)

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Prof.dr. J. Lucassen (chair) (IISG) Prof.dr. M.L.J.C. Schrover (UL) Prof.dr. E. Vanhaute,(UGent) dr. L.J. Touwen (UL) (advisor) dr. A. Schmidt (UL) (advisor)

EXAMINATION COMMITTEE Dr. B. Gales (RUG) Prof.dr. H. Greefs (UA) Dr. L.J. Touwen (UL)

EDUCATION COMMITTEE Dr. B. Wubs (Chair) (EUR) Prof.dr. L.A.C.J. Lucassen (UL) Dr. T. de Moor (UU) Dr. A. Winter (VUB) Drs. D. Klein Kranenburg (UL), PhD representative Drs. J. Puttevils (UA), PhD representative

40

APPENDIX 2: STUDENTS, INSTRUCTORS AND SEMINARS

ENROLMENT OF STUDENTS IN THE 2010-PROGRAM K. Arijs (Karen) Vrije Universiteit Brussel Letteren en Wijsbegeerte Start dissertation 15-09-2010 Supervisors: Prof.dr. P. Scholliers Research project: Scars of History? The Cultural Construction of Cross-Border Dutch and Belgian Limburg in the 19th and 20th Centuries: Courses, Intercourses, and Discourses I.G.P. Baatsen (Inneke) University of Antwerp Faculty of Arts Start dissertation: 01-10-2010 Supervisors: Prof.dr. B. Blondé & Prof.dr. B. de Munck Research project: ‘Economies of quality’ en de materiële renaissance. De vergeten consumptierevolutie van de Lage Landen in de ‘Lange Zestiende Eeuw’ N.E.S. Bos (Nikita) Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Faculty of Arts Start dissertation: 01-09-2010 Supervisor: Dr. H.J. de Jong Research project: Post-war reconstruction in Europe and the United States K. Buzási (Katalin) Utrecht University Faculty of History Start dissertation: 01-10-2010 Supervisor: Prof.dr. J. L. van Zanden Research project: The balance sheet of colonization S.G. Carmichael (Sarah) Universiteit Utrecht Faculty of Arts Start dissertation: 01-10-2010 Supervisor: Prof.dr. J.L. van Zanden Research project: Marriage and Power: Female Agency explored through marriage patterns N. Van den Driessche (Nina) Ghent University 41

Faculty of Political and Social Sciences Start dissertation: 01-09-2009 Supervisor: Prof.dr. B. Van de Putte Research project: De modernisatie van de westerse wereld. Een internationaal historische comparatiefonderzoek naar huwelijkspartnerkeuze (1800-1914) J. De Groot (Julie) University of Antwerp Faculty of Arts Start dissertation: 01-10-2010 Supervisors: Prof.dr. B. Blondé & Prof.dr. B. de Munck Research project: ‘Economies of quality’ en de materiële renaissance. De vergeten consumptierevolutie van de Lage Landen in de ‘Lange Zestiende Eeuw’ W.J. Marchand (Wouter) Rijksuniversiteit Groningen Faculty of Arts Start dissertation: 01-09-2010 Supervisor: Prof.dr. M.G.J. Duijvendak Research project: 200 years of student grant and its contribution to social mobility E.V.P. Van Onacker (Eline) University of Antwerp Faculty of Arts Start dissertation: 01-10-2009 Supervisor: Prof.dr. T. Soens Research project: Local elites in a changing society – the Campine Area during the 13th – 16th centuries K. Overlaet (Kim) University of Antwerp Faculty of Humanities Start dissertation: 01-10-2010 Supervisors: Prof.dr. P. Stabel Research project: Heirs, Kinship Ties and Urban Associations. City dwellers and their networks in the 15th and 16th century Mechelen. I. Pesa (Iva) Leiden University Humanities (Department of History – Languages and cultures of Africa) Start dissertation: 01-08-2009 Supervisors: Prof.dr. R. Ros, Dr. J.-B. Gewald Research project: From mpwembu to roadside village – A social history of Mwinilunga district (Northwest Zambia) 1870s-1970s

42

A.X. Smit (Aniek) Leiden University Humanities Start dissertation: 01-08-2010 Supervisor: Prof.dr.L.A.C.J. Lucassen Research project: “Not all gin and tonics by the pool”: on the role of western and non-western expats as agents of globalisation in the cities of The Hague and Jakarta, 1850-2010 I.R. Steevens (Ineke) Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam Faculty of History and Arts Start dissertation: 01-10-2009 Supervisors: Dr. F.R.R. Vermeylen Research project: Mobility of artists in the low countries during the seventeenth century I. Sturtewagen (Isis) University of Antwerp Faculty of Arts Start dissertation: 01-10-2010 Supervisors: Prof.dr. B. Blondé & Prof.dr. B. de Munck Research project: ‘Economies of quality’ en de materiële renaissance. De vergeten consumptierevolutie van de Lage Landen in de ‘Lange Zestiende Eeuw’ N.M. Teeuwen (Danielle) Universiteit Utrecht/IISG Geesteswetenschappen Start dissertation: 01-10-2010 Supervisor: Prof.dr. L. Heerma van Voss Research project: A golden age of collections. Voluntary giving and civil society in the Dutch Republic, 1550-1820 L.M.C. Vandevoorde (Lindsey) Ghent University Faculty of Arts and Philosophy Start dissertation: 01-10-2010 Supervisor: Prof.dr. K. Verboven Research project: Stratification and social inequality in Italy and Lugdunum. A comparative qualitative epigraphical analysis of class structure, power relations and social struggle between municipal status groups during the Principate. V. Vanruysseveldt (Vicky) Vrije Universiteit Brussel Faculteit Letteren-Wijsbegeerte Start dissertation: 17-03-2010 43

Supervisor: Prof.dr. A. Winter Research project: Rondtrekkende artiesten in de 18e en 19e eeuw. S. De Veirman (Sofie) Ghent University Faculty of Arts and Philosophy Start dissertation: 01-10-2010 Supervisor: Prof.dr. I. Devos Research project: Breaking the silence. On the cultural, formal and social integration of the hearing empaired. The case of East-Flanders, 1750-1900 B. Verbist (Botho) University of Antwerp Faculty of Arts Start dissertation: 01-04-2010 Supervisor: Prof.dr. P. Stabel Research project: Micro-economic analysis of the textile trade around 1500 in Bruges and Antwerp: the double-entry account ledgers of Wouter Ameide (14981507) R. Vercammen (Rik) Vrije Universiteit Brussel Letteren en Wijsbegeerte Start dissertation: 01-10-2009 Supervisor: Prof.dr. C. Lis Research project: Levenslopen aan de rafelrand: “bedelaars” en “landlopers” in Belgische Rijksweldadigheidskolonies, 1890-1910 P. de Zwart (Pim) International Institute of Social History Start dissertation: 01-10-2010 Supervisors: Prof.dr. J. L. van Zanden Research project: Living standards and market integration 1600-1800: new evidence from the VOC archives

44

INSTRUCTORS IN THE 2010-PROGRAM The N.W. Posthumus Institute recruits teaching staff from the participating institutions. The program director has been able to attract fellows from the NWP who have taken up the responsibility for a part of the teaching program. It is their responsibility to organize local seminars and invite guest speakers and experts who comment on the students’ papers. For the international Research Design Course experts are recruited to serve on the teaching teams. These additional contributors participated in the course for the whole duration of the RDC. Seminar I: 15-16 November 2010 Coordinator: Prof.dr. A. Winter (VUB) and dr. G. Vermeesch (VUB) Instructors: Prof.dr. Anne Winter (VUB) Dr. Griet Vermeesch (VUB) Seminar II (Work in Progress) on 22-23 April 2010, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Coordinators: dr. Elise van Nederveen Meerkerk (IISG) Experts: Peter Boomgaard Keetie Sluyterman Gerda de Kleijn Michiel Baud Karin Hofmeester Lex Heerma van Voss Remco Raben Oscar Gelderblom Karel Leenders Joost Jonker Ewout Frankema Jeroen Touwen Hugo van Driel Thierry Vanelslander Karel Leenders Job Weststrate Freek Colombijn Research Design Course, November 2010, Vienna Local organizer: Markus Cerman of the University of Vienna Experts: Paolo Malanima Jacob Weisdorf Marco Belfanti Jeroen Touwen Peer Vries

Michael Pammer Christine Brulandt Markus Cerman Benjamin Scheller Tine De Moor

Participants Harm Pieters Robert Vonk Jelle Jan Koopmans Javier Lopez Arnaut Simone Steenbeek

Joost Veenstra Farabi Fakih Van Thuy Pham Ruud Geven Maaike Messelink 45

Marten Boon Klara Paardenkooper Joep Schenk Abdel Wahid Sabine Schmitner Annelies De Bie Maïka De Keyzer Hanne Cottyn Lies Vervaet Wouter Vanacker Dora De Lima

46

Matthias Schmelzer Tobias Jopp Stefanie Werner Zoltan Cora Nuno Miguel Lima Lluís Parcerisas Benedé Alba Fernández Caballé Malin Nilsson Ling-Fan Li

APPENDIX 3: CONTRIBUTORS TO THE 2010 POSTHUMUS CONFERENCE, 21 MAY 2010 Eric Vanhaute Tim Soens Jaco Zuijderduijn Tine De Moor Jan Luiten van Zanden Thijs Lambrecht Jessica Dijkman Reinoud Vermoesen Theo Engelen Jan Kok Isabelle Devos Bart Van de Putte Maarten Duijvendak Anton Schuurman Ad Knotter Keetie Sluyterman Gerarda Westerhuis Jan Peet Erik Nijhof Jeroen Touwen Korrie Melis Hidde De Haas Joris Mercelis Thomas Lindblad Claartje Rasterhoff Tim De Doncker Filip Vermeylen Vincent van Roy Sofie De Langhe Maaike Messelink Elise van Nederveen Meerkerk

Wouter Ronsijn Janneke Tump Raoul De Kerf Geertje Klein Goldewijk Maurice Kuypers Jeroen Poblome Wouter Ryckbosch Pieter Woltjer Thijs Lambrecht Manon van der Heijden Bert De Munck Robert Vonk Arjan van Dixhoorn Erik van der Vleuten Ben Wubs Hein Klemann Jan-Frederik Abbeloos Jeroen Puttevils Christa Matthys Tom De Roo Jan Kok Evelien Walhout Maja Mechant Lies Vervaet Frasie Hertroys Karwan Fatah Alicia Schrikker Auke Rijpma Thomas Goossens Cátia Antunes

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APPENDIX 4: NWP MASTERCLASSES 2010

Masterclass Prof.dr. Vanessa Harding, Birckbeck, University of London, 6 September, University of Antwerp. Coordinator: Griet Vermeesch Participants: Ellen Decraene, Rudolf Bosch, Claartje Rasterhoff, Filip Van Roosbroeck Prof.dr. Patrick Manning, Andrew W. Mellon professor of World History at the University of Pittsburgh, 4 November, Leiden University. Coordinator: Leo Lucassen and Ariadne Schmidt Participants: Frasie Hertroijs, Pepijn Brandon, Hanne Cottyn, Matthias van Rossum Global Labor History, 22-26 November, International Institute of Social History. Coordinator: Jan Lucassen Participants: Pepijn Brandon, Burcu Cingay, Emre Erol, William Farrell, Annu Jalais, Maral Jefroudi, Yelda Kaya, Andrew H. Lee, Mohammad Maljoo, Cassandra Mark, Paula Nabuco Felipe, Hanne Østhus, Matthias van Rossum, Raquel Varela, Tatiana Voronina, Johanna Wolf

48

APPENDIX 5: GRANTED RESEARCH DIPLOMA’S IN 2010 Y.I. Aalders (Ypie) The exploitation of the Natural Resources in Green Harbour, Spitsbergen (78°N) in the Pre-Industrial Whaling and Hunting Period Supervisor: Prof.dr L. Hacquebord A. De Bondt (Annelies) Tituli Honorarii: Monumental Honorary Memorials. Comparative and social examination on “the epigraphic habit”on the Italic peninsula, the western provinces and Asia Minor Supervisor: Prof.dr K. Verboven P. Brandon (Pepijn) Research: Networks of State and Capital: war, military situations and entrepreneurs in the Netherlands (ca. 1670-1795) Supervisor: Dr M.C. ’t Hart A. Coenen (Ann) Research: International trade and economic development in the Austrian Netherlands, 1760-1790 Supervisor: Prof. dr B. Blondé M. Cuypers (Maurice) Venlo at the river Rhine. Cross border economic development in today’s Euregio Rhine Maas North, 1950-2005 Supervisor: Prof.dr A. Knotter E. Decraene (Ellen) Female networking in Antwerp during the 17th and 18th century, “hidden” social capital Supervisor: Prof.dr B. De Munck T. De Doncker (Tim) Artists, art lovers and artistic production in the early modern city Supervisor: Anne-Laure Van Bruaene K.J. Fatah (Karwan Jalal) Paramaribo as a nodal point in the circulation of people, goods and ideas in the Atlantic world, 1780-1795 Supervisors: Prof.dr G. Oostindie, Dr. H. den Heijer Th. Goossens (Thomas) Research: Netwerken van Staat en kapitaal. Oorlog, militaire instituties en ondernemers in de Nederlanden (ca. 1670-ca. 1795) Supervisor: Prof.dr H. Soly 49

U.I. Gustafsson (Ulf) The exploitation of natural resources by the early 20th century whaling industry: its impact on the environment and the geo-political development in the polar regions Supervisor: Prof.dr L. Hacquebord R. De Kerf (Raoul) Research: The circulation of technical knowledge among the goldsmiths and …… (in Antwerp and Ghent from 1400-1700) Supervisor: Prof.dr B. De Munck D.J. Klein Kranenburg (Diederick) De Bedreigde Buurt. Patronen van sociale cohesie in de Haagse Schilderswijk en Escamp Supervisor: Prof. dr W. Willems, Prof. dr L.A.C.J. Lucassen F. Kruse (Frigga) British exploration, mining and diplomacy on Spitsbergen, 1898-1952 Supervisor: Prof.dr L. Hacquebord M.C.A. Mechant (Maja) Prostitution in the Early Modern Southern Netherlands Supervisor: Prof.dr I. Devos K. Melis (Korrie) Rural development in Agricultural oriented regions in the second half of the twentieth century. The Northern part of Groningen as case Supervisor: prof.dr. M.G.J Duijvendak J. Puttevils (Jeroen) Relational and institutional trust in the international trade of the Low Countries, 15th - 16th centuries Supervisor: Prof.dr P. Stabel, Dr O. Gelderblom T. De Roo (Tom) Social relations and consumer practices of the Antwerp elite, 17th – 18th century Supervisors: Prof.dr B. Blondé, dr I. Van Damme M. van Rossum (Matthias) A world of difference? Recruitment, social organisation and representations among Asiatic and European sailors on the global labour market of the VOC, 1650-1800 Supervisor: Prof. dr C.A. Davids, Prof.dr J. Lucassen

50

V. Van Roy (Vincent) Science or technical skills? Circulation of academic-theoretical and technicalpractical knowledge in the medical professional field in Brabant (1540-1815) Supervisor: Prof. dr B. de Munck, Emer. Prof. dr R. van Hee J. Tump (Janneke) Kenniscirculatie in de Lage Landen. Stromen van kennis in het westelijk kerngebied van de Lage Landen tussen ca. 1400 en 1700 Supervisor: Prof.dr C.A. Davids, Prof.dr K. Goudriaan P. Woltjer (Pieter) Economic Growth and Productivity in the United Kingdom, Germany and the United States across the World Wars 1900-1950 Supervisor: Dr H.J. de Jong, Prof. dr M.P. Timmer

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APPENDIX 6: PhD CANDIDATES SINCE 1 JANUARY 2000 PhD candidate

M/F

Supervisor(s)

Dissertation date

2000 C. Antunes B. Ballaux

F M

18-11-2004 28-4-2006

S. van den Bergh

M

B. Bouwens

M

M. van Dijck

M

C. Helderman E. Karel

M M

T. Poell

M

M. Schoonheim

F

Prof.dr. R. Griffiths Prof.dr. B. Blondé Prof.dr. P. Kooij & Prof.dr. drs. J.A.J. Vervloet Prof.dr. J.L. van Zanden Prof.dr. L. van Molle & Prof.dr. E. Buyst Prof.dr. P.Th. van de Laar Prof.dr. P. Kooij Prof.dr. M. Prak & Prof.dr. J.L. van Zanden Prof.dr. P.M.M. Klep

2001 N.K.C.A. Bracke G.A.G. Castryck R.D. Futselaar M. van Gelder J.A. Schueler A. van Son F. Suurenbroek W.J. Timmermans

F M M F F F M M

B.E.M. Widdershoven

F

B. Wubs

M

2002 F.H.R. de Cocker J. van Daele P. Földvari

M F M

B. van Leeuwen

M

E.J.V. van Nederveen Meerkerk L.L.L. van Nieuwenhuyse M.M.C.M. Saelemaekers E. Swart G. Vercauteren G. Vermeesch M. van der Woude C.J. Zuijderduijn

52

Prof.dr. E. Vanhaute Prof.dr. L. François Prof.dr. J.C.M. Blom Prof.dr. L. Noordegraaf Prof.dr. J.W. Schot Prof.dr. J.C.H. Blom Prof.dr. C.A. Davids Prof.dr. P.M.M. Klep Prof.dr. K.F.E. Veraghtert & Dr. M.C. ‘t Hart Prof.dr. G.G. Jones

Prof.dr. E. Vanhaute Prof.dr. H. Balthazar Prof.dr. J.L. van Zanden Prof.dr. J.L. van Zanden & Prof.dr. W. van Schendel & Prof.dr. A.F. Heerma van Voss

13-9-2004 5-6-2003 5-7-2004 stopped 24-3-2005 6-9-2007 11-5- 2005

1-6- 2004 7-7-2006 1-2-2007 31-10-2007 24-6-2008 stopped 2003 14-12-2006 stopped 2001 4-11-2005 23-3-2006

15-2-2007 29-3-2006 14-6-2007

F

Prof.dr. J. Lucassen

30-3-2007

F

Prof.dr. E. Thoen

16-7-2008

F M M F F M

Prof.dr. J.L. van Zanden Prof.dr. H. van Nierop Prof.dr. P. Pasture Prof.dr. H. van Nierop Prof.dr. A.F. Heerma van Voss Prof.dr. J.L. van Zanden

stopped 2003 13-9-2006 16-2-2005 13-9-2006 stopped 2005 9-3-2007

2003 N. van der Bijl

M

G.H. de Boer

M

S. Bouwens P.L.R. de Cauwer I.I.B. van Damme M. van Dekken

F M M F

M. Hülsken

F

A.J.J. Lehouck

M

M.J.J. van Os

M

N.E. Vanslembrouck

F

R. Westerholt G.K. Westerhuis A. Winter S. Zeischka

F F F M

2004 L.M. van Aert Chr.J. van Bochove S. Ciobica M. van Dijck

F M F M

J.E.C. Dijkman

F

E.H.P. Frankema D.W.A.G. van den Heuvel L.J. Keunen V.C. Lagendijk J.J. van Lottum F. Schipper A.C.M. Tijsseling R.W. Vermoesen

M

Prof.dr. B. Blondé Prof.dr. A.F. Heerma van Voss Prof.dr. J.W. Schot Prof.dr. B. Blondé Prof.dr. J.L. van Zanden & Prof.dr. B. van Bavel Prof.dr. H.H. van Ark

F

Prof.dr. A.F. Heerma van Voss

23-11-2007

M M M M F M

Prof.dr.drs. J.A.J. Vervloet Prof.dr. J.W. Schot Prof.dr. A.F. Heerma van Voss Prof.dr. J.W. Schot Prof.dr. A.F. Heerma van Voss Prof.dr. B. Blondé

30-9-2008 23-11-2007 30-9-2008 23-12-2009 24-10-2008

2005 B. Delbroek T. de Graaf A.J. Marks D.M. Oude Nijhuis M. Serruys

M M M M M

Prof.dr. P. Scholliers Prof.dr. J.L. van Zanden Prof.dr. J.L. van Zanden Prof.dr. R.T. Griffiths Prof.dr. F.S. Gaastra

2006 J.-F. J. Abbeloos M.A. Geertse

M M

Prof.dr. E. Vanhaute Prof.dr. J.E. Bosma & Prof.dr. C.A.

Prof.dr. H.W. Hoen Prof.dr.drs. J. Vervloet & Prof.dr. E. Thoen Prof.dr. A. Knotter Prof.dr. H. van Nierop Prof.dr. B. Blondé Prof.dr. A.F. Heerma van Voss Prof.dr. P.M.M. Klep & Prof.dr. S.A. Levie Prof.dr.drs. J. Vervloet & Prof.dr. E. Thoen Prof.dr. J.L. van Zanden Prof.dr.drs. J. Vervloet & Prof.dr. E. Thoen Prof.dr. P. Kooij Prof.dr. J.L. van Zanden Prof.dr. H. Soly Prof.dr. C.A. Davids

6-9-2007 stopped 2006 10-12-2008 2-5-2007 30-5-2006 18-11-2009 2-9-2010

13-11-2008

stopped 2007 16-4-2008 27-3-2007 15-5-2007

21-5-2007 1-2-2008 stopped 2004 20-2-2007 18-6-2010 6-3-2008

30-9-2011 6-3-2009 3-11-2009

53

S.G.J.Hoste V.J.U. De Laet S.S.H.A. Langeweg S.B. Lommers D.B.G.W. Lyna D.A. Pargas L.N.L. Roels P. Vervust R. Visschers M.L.T. Witte

M F M F M M F F M M

2007 cohort 1 N. Bouras E. Burm J. Euwe S. Haasnoot J. Hanus F. Joustra

F F M F M M

S. Kruizinga

M

C.J. Laarman M. Lak J.K. De Meester M. Molema E.M.L.D. Ortmanns L.O. Petram W. De Ridder T. Walaardt

F M M M F M M M

2007 cohort 2 T. Bisschops A. Brantegem A. Dirks H.R. de Haas S. van Houtven F. Hertroys G. Klein Goldewijk S. De Langhe

M F F M F F F F

C. Matthys

F

G.A. Mathys J. van der Poel C. Rasterhoff M. Ratliff A. Rijpma W. Ronsijn W. Ryckbosch

F M F F M M M

54

Davids Prof.dr. E. Vanhaute Prof.dr. B. Blondé Prof.dr. A. Knotter Prof.dr. J.W. Schot Prof.dr. B. Blondé Prof.dr. P.C. Emmer Prof.dr. A. Knotter Prof.dr. E. Vanhaute Prof.dr. P. Kooij & Dr. A. Schuurman Prof.dr. P. Kooij & Dr. J. Bieleman

Dr. M.L.J.C. Schrover Prof.dr. B. De Munck Prof.dr. H.A.M. Klemann Prof.dr. P. Kooij Prof.dr. B. Blondé Prof.dr. P. Kooij Prof.dr. L. Noordegraaf & Dr. M.C. ’t Hart Dr. M.L.J.C. Schrover Prof.dr. H.A.M. Klemann Prof.dr. B. De Munck Prof.dr. C.A. Davids Prof.dr. B. De Munck Prof.dr. L. Noordegraaf Prof.dr. P. Scholliers Dr. M.L.J.C. Schrover

Prof.dr. P. Stabel Prof.dr. H. Soly Prof.dr. W. van den Doel Prof.dr. L. Hacquebord Prof.dr. C. Lis Prof.dr. C.A. Davids Prof.dr. P.A.J. Attema Prof.dr. I. Devos Prof.dr. I.Devos & Prof.dr. E. Vanhaute Dr. B. Lecocq Prof.dr. G. Vanthemsche Prof.dr. M. Prak Dr. W.M. Jongman Prof.dr. B.J.P. van Bavel Prof.dr. E. Vanhaute Prof.dr. B. Blondé

3-9-2009 15-12-2011 27-4-2010 12-3-2009 8-9-2010

5-5-2010 16-9-2011 8-12-2011 22-11-2010 28-1-2011

23-6-2011

E. Walhout

F

Prof.dr. A.J.A. Bijsterveld

2008 Y.I. Aalders A. De Bondt

F F

P. Brandon

M

A. Coenen M. Cuypers E. Decraene T. De Doncker

F M F M

K.J. Fatah Black

M

Th. Goossens U.I Gustafsson R. De Kerf

M M M

D.J. Klein Kranenburg

M

F. Kruse M. Mechant K. Melis J.H.A. Mercelis

F F F M

M. Messelink

F

H. Provoost J. Puttevils

F M

T. De Roo

M

M. van Rossum

M

V. Van Roy

M

J. Tump

F

P. Woltjer

M

Prof.dr. L. Hacquebord Prof.dr. K. Verboven Prof.dr. L. Noordegraaf & Dr. M.C. ’t Hart Prof.dr. B. Blondé Prof.dr. A. Knotter Prof.dr. B. De Munck Prof.dr. A.L. Van Bruane Prof.dr. G. Oostindie/Dr. H. den Heijer Prof.dr. H. Soly Prof.dr. L. Hacquebord Prof.dr. B. De Munck Prof.dr. W. Willems/ Prof.dr. L. Lucassen Prof.dr. L. Hacquebord Prof.dr. I. Devos Prof.dr. M. Duijvendak Prof.dr. J. Art Prof.dr. P. Klep / Prof.dr. Th. Engelen Prof.dr. H. Soly Prof.dr. P. Stael / Dr. O. Gelderblom Prof.dr. B. Blondé / Dr. I. Van Damme Prof.dr. C.A. Davids / Prof.dr. J. Lucassen Prof.dr. B. De Munck, Emer. Prof.dr. R. van Hee Prof.dr. C.A. Davids / Prof.dr. K. Goudriaan Dr. H.J. de Jong

2009 J. López Arnaut A. de Bie

M F

M. Boon

M

H. D. Cottyn F. Fakih R. Geven M. De Keyzer

F M M F

J.J. Koopmans

M

S. Matsuno

F

Dr. H.J. de Jong Prof.dr. B. De Munck Prof.dr. H. A.M. Klemann, Dr. B. Wubs Prof.dr. E. Vanhaute Dr. J. Th. Lindblad Prof.dr. Ernst Homburg Prof.dr. T. Soens Prof.dr. M.G.J. Duijvendak, Dr. J. W. Veluwenkamp Prof.dr. J.E.K. Bosma

55

H.M. Paardenkooper

M

V.T. Pham H.D. Pieters

M M

J. Schenk

M

S. Steenbeek

F

W.N.A. Vanacker J. Veenstra L.G.P. Vervaet R.A.A. Vonk A. Wahid

M M F M M

2010 K. Arijs

V

I.G.P. Baatsen

V

N.E.S. Bos K. Buzási S.G. Carmichael N. Van den Driessche

V V V V

J. De Groot

V

W.J. Marchand E.V.P. Van Onacker K. Overlaet I. Pesa A.X. Smit I.R. Steevens

V V V V V V

I. Sturtewagen

V

N.M. Teeuwen L.M.C. Vandevoorde V. Vanruysseveldt S. De Veirman B. Verbist R. Vercammen P. de Zwart

V V V V M M M

56

Prof.dr. H.A.M. Klemann en Dr. B. Wubs Dr. J.Th. Lindblad Prof.dr. P.J.E.M. van Dam Prof.dr. H.A.M. Klemann en Dr. B. Wubs Prof.dr. L. Hacquebord, Dr. J.W. Veluwenkamp Prof.dr. K. Verboven Dr. H.J. de Jong Prof.dr. E. Thoen Prof.dr. E.S. Houwaart Prof.dr. J. L. van Zanden

Prof.dr. P. Scholliers Prof.dr. B. Blondé & Prof.dr. B. de Munck Dr. H.J. de Jong Prof.dr. J. L. van Zanden Prof.dr. J.L. van Zanden Prof.dr. B. Van de Putte Prof.dr. B. Blondé & Prof.dr. B. de Munck Prof.dr. M.G.J. Duijvendak Prof.dr. T. Soens Prof.dr. P. Stabel Prof.dr. R. Ross, Dr. J.-B. Gewald Prof.dr.L.A.C.J. Lucassen Dr. F.R.R. Vermeylen Prof.dr. B. Blondé & Prof.dr. B. de Munck Prof.dr. L. Heerma van Voss Prof.dr. K. Verboven Prof.dr. A. Winter Prof.dr. I. Devos Prof.dr. P. Stabel Prof.dr. C. Lis Prof.dr. J. L. van Zanden

APPENDIX 7: FELLOWS 2004-2010 (as registered for this contract period) University of Groningen Faculty of Arts Prof.dr. J.W. Drukker Prof.dr. M.G.J. Duijvendak Dr. W.M. Jongman Prof.dr. P. Kooij Dr. R.F.J. Paping Dr. J.W. Veluwenkamp Prof.dr. A. v.d. Woud University of Groningen Faculty of Economics Prof.dr. H.H. van Ark Dr. B. Gales Dr. J.P.A.M. Jacobs Dr. H.J. de Jong Dr. E. Schoorl Dr. J.P. Smits Prof.dr. M. Timmer Erasmus University Rotterdam Dr. L.J. Altena Dr. F.M.M. de Goey Prof.dr. A. Klamer Prof.dr. H.A.M. Klemann Dr. D. van Lente Dr. G. Oonk Prof.dr. P. Spierenburg Prof.dr. A.A. van Stipriaan Luïscius Dr. R. Towse Dr. L.A. van der Valk Dr. K. Willemse

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International Institute for Social History Dr. J. van Gerwen Prof.dr. L. Heerma van Voss Dr. J. Kok Prof.dr. M. van Leeuwen Prof.dr. M. van der Linden Prof.dr. J. Lucassen Prof.dr. K. Mandemakers Prof.dr. W. van Schendel Prof.dr. J.L. van Zanden Radboud University Nijmegen Dr. O. Boonstra Dr. H.E. Delger Prof.dr. Th. Engelen Dr. A.A.P.O. Janssens Prof.dr. P. Klep Sociaal Historisch Centrum Limburg Prof.dr. A. Knotter Dr. W. Rutten Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Dr. M. Davids Prof.dr. ir. H.W. Lintsen Dr. G. Mom Prof.dr. R. Oldenziel Prof.dr. J.W. Schot Dr. ir. G.P.J. Verbong Dr. E. van der Vleuten University of Antwerp Prof.dr. B. Blondé Prof.dr. G. Devos Prof.dr. H. Greefs Prof.dr. H. Houtman-De Smedt Prof.dr. G. Marnef Prof.dr. B. De Munck Prof.dr. P. Stabel

58

Ghent University Prof.dr. J. Art Prof.dr. M. Boone Prof.dr. G. Deneckere Prof.dr. I. Devos Prof.dr. H. Symoens Prof.dr. E. Thoen Prof.dr. E. Vanhaute Universiteit van Amsterdam Dr. M.C. ‘t Hart Dr. C.M. Lesger Prof.dr. L. Noordegraaf Dr. B.M.A. de Vries Leiden University Dr. C.A.P. Antunes Prof.dr. R.T. Griffiths Dr. M.P.H. van der Heijden Dr. J.Th. Lindblad Prof.dr. L. Lucassen Dr. G.C. Quispel Dr. M.L.J.C. Schrover Dr. L.J. Touwen Prof dr. P.H.H. Vries Utrecht University Prof.dr. B. van Bavel Dr. W. van den Broeke Dr. B. Bouwens Dr. P. Brusse Dr. J. Dankers Dr. O. Gelderblom Dr. J. Jonker Dr. M. de Moor Dr. E. Nijhof Dr. R.E.M.A. de Peuter Prof.dr. M. Prak Prof.dr. K. Sluyterman Dr. G.M. Trienekens Prof.dr. J.L. van Zanden

59

VU University Amsterdam Prof.dr. J.E. Bosma Prof.dr. P.J.E.M. van Dam Prof.dr. C.A. Davids Dr. L.M. Douw Prof.dr. W.Th.M. Frijhoff Prof.dr. J.M.F. Fritschy Dr. F.D. Huijzendveld Dr. S.W. Verstegen Vrije Universiteit Brussel Prof.dr. J. van Bavel Prof.dr. P. Van den Eeckhout Prof.dr. Ch. Koninxkx Prof.dr. C. Lis Prof.dr. P. Scholliers Prof.dr. H. Soly Prof.dr. D. Tys Prof.dr. G. Vanthemsche Prof.dr. A. Winter Wageningen University Dr. M. v.d. Burg Dr. ir. J. Bieleman Prof.dr. P. Kooij Dr. A. Schuurman

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APPENDIX 8: RESEARCHERS PER PROGRAM a. Economy and Society of the Low Countries in the Pre-industrial Period Program directors: Bruno Blondé (UA), Oscar Gelderblom (UU) Staff: Erik Aerts (KULeuven, affil.), Bas van Bavel (UU), Marc Boone (UGent), Karel Davids (VU), Wantje Fritschy (VU), Hilde Greefs (UA), Marjolein ‘t Hart (UvA), Lex Heerma van Voss (IISG), Christiaan Koninckx (VUB), Clé Lesger (UvA), Catharina Lis (VUB), Tine de Moor (UU), Bert De Munck (UA), Leo Noordegraaf (UvA), Roger de Peuter (UU), Maarten Prak (UU), Hugo Soly (VUB), Erik Thoen (UGent), Eric Vanhaute (UGent), Jan Willem Veluwenkamp (RUG), Jan Luiten van Zanden (IISG/UU). Temporary Staff: Christiaan van Bochove (IISG), Nele Bracke (Ugent), Tim De Doncker (Ugent), Heidi Deneweth (UU), Jessica Dijkman (UU), Maartje van Gelder (UvA), Danielle van den Heuvel (Cambridge), Jelle van Lottum (Cambridge), Jan Parmentier (UGent), Ariadne Schmidt (IISG/UL), Tim Soens (UGent), Erwin Steegen (SHCL), Reinoud Vermoesen (UA). PhD students: Annelies de Bie (UA), Tim Bisschops (UA), Pepijn Brandon (UvA), Ann Coenen (UA), Hanne Cottyn (Ugent), Ellen Decraene (UA), Marjolein van Dekken (IISG), Jessica Dijkman (UU), Jord Hanus (UA), Frasie Hertroys (VU), Raoul de Kerf (UA), Thijs Lambrecht (UGent), Daan Marks (IISG), Jan De Meester (UA), Elke Ortmanns (UA), Lodewijk Petram (UvA), Claartje Rasterhoff (UU), Auke Rijpma (UU), Tom de Roo (UA), Wouter Ronsijn (Ugent), Matthias van Rossum (VU), Wouter Ryckbosch (UA), Janneke Tump (VU). b. Drivers and Carriers of Globalisation. Technology, Economics and Business in Transnational and Comparative Perspective Program Directors: Ewout Frankema (UU), Erik van der Vleuten (TUe) Staff: Bart van Ark (RUG), Catia Antunes (UL), Erik Buyst (KULeuven, affil.), Karel Davids (VU), Mila Davids (TUe), Leo Douw (VU), Jan-Willem Drukker (RUG), Rainer Fremdling (RUG), Wantje Fritschy (VU), Ben Gales (RUG), Richard Griffiths (UL), Jan Jacobs (RUG), Herman de Jong (RUG), Wim Jongman (RUG), Hein Klemann (UU), Dick van Lente (EUR), Thomas Lindblad (UL), Harry Lintsen (TUe), Gijs Mom (TUe), Ruth Oldenziel (TUe), Peter Scholliers (VUB), Evert Schoorl (RUG), Marcel Timmer (RUG), Jeroen Touwen (UL), Geert Verbong (TUe). Temporary Staff: Alec Badenoch (Tue/UU), Eric Berkers (TUe), Hans Buiter (TUe), Vincent Bregje van Eekelen (EUR), Lagendijk (TUe), Bas van Leeuwen (UU), D.M. Oude Nijhuis (UL), Frank Schipper (TUe), Judith Schueler (TUe). 61

PhD students: Irene Anastasiadou (TUe), Bart Delbroek (VUB), Jeroen Euwe (EUR), Ton de Graaf (UU), U.I. Gustafsson (RUG), Stephan Hoste (UGent), Samuel Kruizinga (UvA), Martijn Lak (EUR), Javier Lopez Arnaut (RUG), Suzanne Lommers (TUe), Alessandro Nuvolari (Tue), Widukind De Ridder (VUB). c. People, Space & Places in history Program directors: Maarten Duijvendak (RUG), Anton Schuurman (WU) Staff: Jan Bieleman (WU), Koos Bosma (VU), Willem van den Broeke (UU), Paul Brusse (UU), Margreet van de Burg (WU), Petra van Dam (VU), Karel Davids (VU), Frans Huijzendveld (VU), Erwin Karel (RUG), Pim Kooij (RUG/WU), Ad Knotter (SHCL), Willibrord Rutten (SHCL), Tim Soens (UA), Erik Thoen (UGent), Dries Tys (VUB), Wybren Verstegen (VU), Auke van der Woud (RUG). Temporary Staff: Daniel Broersma (RUG), Piet van Cruyningen (WU), Sabine Go (VU), Harm Kaal (RU), Abdel El Makhloufi (VU),), Ronald Rommes (WU), Erwin Steegen (SHCL). PhD students: Luce Beeckmans (RUG), Iris Burgers (VU), Maurice Cuypers (SHCL), Michel Geertse (VU), Maurice Heemels (SHCL), Stephanie van Houtven (VUB), Floris Joustra (RUG), Frederic van Kleef (RUG), Maïka De Keyzer (UA), Serge Langeweg (SHCL), Karin Lurvink (VU), Sae Matsumo (VU), Korrie Melis (RUG), Jennifer Meyer (RUG), Marijn Molema (VU), Harm Pieters (VU), Claartje Rasterhoff (UU), Leen Roels (SHCL), Rose Tzalmona (VU), Remco Visschers (WU), Thijs van Vugt (SHCL), Mathijs Witte (WU). d. Evolution of National Business Systems Program director: Keetie Sluyterman (UU) Staff: Bram Bouwens (UU), Joost Dankers (UU), Jacques van Gerwen (IISG), Ferry de Goey (EUR), Joost Jonker (UU), Erik Nijhof (UU), Helma De Smedt (UA), Guy Vanthemsche (VUB), Jan Luiten van Zanden (IISG/UU). Temporary Staff: K. Boersma (VU), Mila Davids (TUe), Hilde Greefs (UA), Maurits van Os (UU), Stephan Vanfraechem (UGent), Gerarda Westerhuis (UU), Ben Wubs (UU). PhD students: Frederik De Cocker (Ugent), Hidde de Haas (RUG), Samuel Kruizinga (UvA).

62

e. Life-course, Family and Labour Program directors: Theo Engelen (RU), Jan Kok (IISG), Isabelle Devos (UGent) Staff Jan van Bavel (VUB), Onno Boonstra (RU), Hilde Bras (VU/RU), Henk Delger (RU), Patricia van den Eeckhout (VUB), Hilde Greefs (UA), Angélique Janssens (RU), Paul Klep (RU), Marcel van der Linden (IISG), Jan Lucassen (IISG), Kees Mandemakers (IISG), Richard Paping (RUG), Willem van Schendel (IISG), Peter Scholliers (VUB), Eric Vanhaute (UGent). Temporary Staff: Sophie Bouwens (UM). PhD students: Sophie De Langhe (UGent), Annemarie Bouman (UU), Christa Matthys (UGent), Evelien Walhout (UvT), Maja Mechant (UGent), Maaike Messelink (RU). f. Social History of Communities Program Directors: Manon van der Heijden (UL), Marco van Leeuwen (IISG/UU) Staff: Bert Altena (EUR), Jan Art (UGent), Bart Ballaux (VUB), Hans Binneveld (EUR), Marc Boone (UGent), Ulbe Bosma (IISG), Gita Deneckere (UGent), Bert DeMunck (UA), Leo Lucassen (UL), Guido Marnef (UA), Gijsbert Oonk (EUR), Patrick Pasture, Maarten Prak (UU), Chris Quispel (UL), Herman Roodenburg, Marlou Schrover (UL), Pieter Spierenburg (EUR), Alex van Stipriaan Luïscius (EUR), Hilde Symoens (UGent), Loes van der Valk (EUR), Boudien de Vries (UvA), Karin Willemse (EUR). Temporary Staff: Laura van Aert (UA), Berber Bevernage (UGent), Anne-Laure van Bruaene (UGent), Martijn van der Burg (UL), Annelies DeBondt (Ugent), Lore Coleart (UGent), Jasmien van Dael (UGent), Maarten van Dijck (UA), Maarten Van Dijck (UA), Corrie van Eijl (UL), Jelle Haemers (UGent), Erika Kuijpers (UL), Veerle De Laet (UA), Maja Musi (UGent), Elise van Nederveen Meerkerk (UL, IISG), Peter Tammes (UL), Anna Tijsseling (IISG), Anne Winter (VUB), August Vermeylen (UGent), Antoon Vrints (UGent). PhD students: Jan-Frederik Abbeloos (UGent), Nadia Bouras (UL), Annelore Brantegen (VUB), Ellen Burm (UA), Annelieke Dirks (UL), Shirley Haasnoot (RUG), Karwan Fatah Black (UL), Jord Hanus (UA), Lidewij Hesselink (UU), Diederick Klein Kranenburg (UL), Geertje Klein Goldewijk (RUG), Charlotte Laarman (UL), Sopfie De Langhe (UGent), Dries Lyna (UA), Gillian Mathys (UGent), Jan de Meester (UA), Joris Mercelis (Ugent), Elke Ortmanns (UA), Damian Pargas (UL), Iva Pesa (UL), Jan van der Poel (VUB), Jeroen Puttevils (UA), Aniek Smit (UL), Christophe Verbruggen (UGent), Petra Vervust (UGent), Remco Visschers (WUR), Tycho Walaardt (UL). 63

APPENDIX 9: GENERAL BOARD ESTER Prof.dr. Maria Ågren, Uppsala Prof.dr. Lena Andersson-Skog, Umeå University Prof.dr. Andrès Barrera González, Madrid Complutense Prof.dr. Per Boje, Aalborg Dr. Huw V. Bowen, Leicester Prof.dr. Ian Brown, London, SOAS Prof.dr. Kristine Bruland, Oslo Prof.dr. Erik Buyst, Leuven Prof.dr. John Cantwell, Reading Prof.dr. Joaquim da Costa Leite, Aveiro Prof.dr. Martin Daunton, Cambridge Prof.dr. Renzo Derosas, Venice Dr. Lydia Dracaki, Athens, Panteion Prof.dr. Jean-Francois Eck, Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex, Charles de Gaulle-Lille III Prof.dr. Josef Ehmer, Salzburg Prof.dr. Giovanni Federico, EUI, Florence Prof.dr. Lourenzo Fernández Prieto, Santiago de Compostela Prof.dr. Helder Fonseca, Évora Prof.dr. José Ignacio Fortea Pérez, Cantabria Prof.dr. Andreas Gestrich, Stuttgart Prof.dr. Anita Göransson, Göteborg Prof.dr. Heinz-Gerhard Haupt, Bielefeld Prof.dr. Patrick Verley, Geneva Prof.dr. Peter Hertner, Halle Prof.dr. Marjatta Hietala, Tampere Prof.dr. Milan Hlavacka, Prague Prof.dr. Lewis Johnman, Westminster Prof.dr. Hartmut Kaelble, Berlin, Humboldt Dr. Neville Kirk, Manchester Dr. Michael Kopczynski, Warsaw Prof.dr. Robert Lee, Liverpool Prof.dr. Jean-Paul Lehners, Luxembourg Prof.dr. Catharina Lis, Brussels, Free University Prof.dr. Paolo Malamina, Reggio di Calabria Prof.dr. Jordi Maluquer, Barcelona Prof.dr. Tomas Mantecon Movellan, Cantabria Prof.dr. Philippe Mioche, Aix-en-Provence Prof.dr. Mary Nash, Barcelona Prof.dr. Illka Nummela, Jyväskylä Dr. Socrates D. Petmezas, Athens, Crete Dr. Paulina de los Reyes, Stockholm Prof.dr. Janina Rosicka, Cracow Prof.dr. Biagio Salvemini, Bari 64

Prof.dr. José Manuel Santos Pérez, Salamanca Prof.dr. Phillip Sarasin, Zürich Prof.dr. Carmen Sarasúa, Barcelona Prof.dr. Lennart Schön, Lund Prof.dr. Helga Schultz, Frankfurt (O) Prof.dr. Rainer Schulze, Essex Prof.dr. Natalia Selounskaya, Moscow Prof.dr. Dieter Stiefel, Vienna Prof.dr. Klaus Tenfelde, Bochum Prof.dr. Nuno Valério, Lisbon, Technical University Prof.dr. Eric Vanhaute, Ghent

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APPENDIX 10: ACADEMIC PUBLICATIONS IN 2010

Economy and Society of the Low Countries in the Pre-industrial Period Anema, M. and M. van Rossum, ‘Van allegorie tot cartoon: Crises verbeeld’, beeldessay in Historisch Tijdschrift Holland 42:3 (2010) 275-287. Bavel, Bas van, Manors and Markets. Economy and Society in the Low Countries, 5001600 (Oxford 2010). Bavel, Bas van, ‘Rural Revolts and Structural Change in the Low Countries, thirteenth – early fourteenth centuries’, in: R. Goddard, J.L. Langdon and M. Müller (eds.) Survival and discord in medieval society.Essays in honour of Christopher Dyer (Brepols, Turnhout 2010) 249-268. Bavel, Bas van, ‘Het debat over “The Great Divergence”: een slagveld van geschiedtheorieën’, Aanzet 25:2 (Utrecht 2010) 5-7. Bavel, Bas van, ‘The medieval origins of capitalism in the Netherlands’, in: Klaas van Berkel and Leonie de Goei (eds.) The relevance of Dutch history (The Hague 2010), special issue of Bijdragen en Mededelingen voor de Geschiedenis der Nederlanden 125 (2010) 45-80. Bavel, Bas van, (with R.W. Hoyle) ‘Introduction: social relations, property and power in the North Sea area, 500-2000’, in: B.J.P. van Bavel and R.W. Hoyle (eds.) Social relations: Property and power. Rural economy and society in Northwestern Europe, 500-2000 (Brepols: Turnhout 2010) 1-23. Bavel, Bas van, P. van Cruyningen and E. Thoen, ‘The Low Countries, 1000-1750’, in: B.J.P. van Bavel and R.W. Hoyle (eds.) Social relations: Property and power. Rural economy and society in North-western Europe, 500-2000 (Brepols: Turnhout 2010) 169-197. Bavel, Bas van, ‘De SER als kloppend hart van de Nederlandse overlegeconomie – resultaten, bedreigingen en kansen’, in: Teun Jaspers, Bas van Bavel and Jan Peet (eds.) SER, 1950-2010. Zestig jaar denkwerk voor draagvlak (Boom: Amsterdam 2010) 257-278. Bavel, Bas van, (with R.W. Hoyle, eds.) Social relations: Property and power. Rural economy and society in North-western Europe, 500-2000 (Brepols: Turnhout 2010). Bavel, Bas van, (with Teun Jaspers and Jan Peet, eds.) SER, 1950-2010. Zestig jaar denkwerk voor draagvlak (Boom: Amsterdam 2010). Bisschops, T., I. Bertels and B. Blondé, ‘Stadslandschap. Ontwikkelingen en verwikkelingen van een stedelijke ruimte’, in: I. Bertels, B. de Munck and H. van Goethem (eds.) Antwerpen. Biografie van een stad (een eigenzinnige geschiedenis van Antwerpen) (Antwerpen: Meulenhoff/Manteau 2010) 11-66. Blondé, Bruno and Jord Hanus, ‘Beyond building craftsmen. Economic growth and living standards in the sixteenth-century Low Countries: the case of 'sHertogenbosch (1500-1560)’, European review of economic history 14:2 (2010) 179-207. Blondé, Bruno and Griet Vermeesch, ‘Het falen van de vroegmoderne stad, 15001800?’ Stadsgeschiedenis 5:1 (2010) 103-112. 66

Blondé, Bruno and Ilja van Damme, ‘Retail growth and consumer changes in a declining urban economy: Antwerp (1650-1750)’, The economic history review 63:3 (2010) 638-663. Blondé, Bruno, Maarten F. van Dijck and Antoon Vrints, ‘Een probleemstad? Spanningsvelden tussen burgerlijke waarden en sociale realiteiten’, in: Antwerpen : biografie van een stad (Antwerpen, Meulenhoff/Manteau 2010) 277-307. Blondé, Bruno and Ilja van Damme, ‘Op zoek naar vreemde investeringen (17151732)’ in: Het grote geschiedenisboek van Antwerpen (Zwolle, Stadsarchief 2010) 146-147. Blondé, Bruno, ‘Rijke consumenten onder de Oostenrijkers (1732-1794)’, in: Het grote geschiedenisboek van Antwerpen (Zwolle, Stadsarchief 2010) 158-169. Blume, S.S. and Janneke Tump, 'Evidence and policymaking. The introduction of MMR vaccine in the Netherlands', Social Science and Medicine 71 (2010) 1049-1055. Bochove van, Christiaan (with Jaco Zuijderduijn and Gijs Rommelse) Historisch Tijdschrift Holland 3 (2010), Theme issue "Crisis!". Bogart, D., M. Drelichman, O.C. Gelderblom and J.-L. Rosenthal, ‘State and Private Institutions’, in: S. Broadberry and K. O'Rourke (eds.) Unifying the European Experience (Cambridge: Cambridge UP 2010) 70-95. Boomgaard, Peter and Marjolein't Hart, 'Globlization, Environmental Change, and Social History: an Introduction', in: Marjolein't Hart and Peter Boomgaard (eds.) Globalization, Environmental Change, and Social History (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press 2010) 1-26. Davids, Karel, ‘Humanism and water management: Scaliger’s Discours de la ionction des mers’, LIAS. Journal of Early Modern Intellectual Culture and Its Sources 37 (2010) 1-22. Davids, Karel, ‘Public services in early modern European towns: An agenda for further research’, Journal of Urban History 36 (2010) 386-392. Davids, Karel, ‘Van VOC-mentaliteit naar jezuïetenmentaliteit. De Societas Jesu als schrikbeeld, partner en ijkpunt voor de Oost-Indische Compagnie’, in: Maurits Ebben, Henk den Heijer and Joost Schokkenbroek (eds.) Alle streken van het kompas. Maritieme geschiedenis in Nederland (Zutphen 2010) 131-146. Deneweth, H., ‘Een demografische knoop ontward? Brugse bevolkingscijfers voor de vroegmoderne tijd’, Handelingen van het Genootschap voor Geschiedenis 147 (2010) 3-48. Deneweth, H., ‘Migraties tussen Brugge en het ommeland in de zestiende eeuw’, Brugs Ommeland 50:1 (2010) 28-38. Dijkman, Jessica, Medieval market institutions. The organisation of commodity markets in Holland, c. 1200 – c. 1450 (PhD-thesis, Utrecht University) (Utrecht 2010). Furnée, J.H., I. Bertels, B. Blondé, H. Greefs, P. Stabel and M.F. van Dijck, ‘Stadsgeschiedenis in buitenlandse tijdschriften (2009)’, Stadsgeschiedenis (Universiteit Antwerpen. Departement Geschiedenis. Centrum voor Stadsgeschiedenis 2010) 208-226.

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