Analisis kebijakan pemerintah sebagai respon terhadap penyakit AI di Pulau Lombok Analysis of the government policies in response to avian influenza hazard in Lombok West Nusa Tenggara BALAI PENGKAJIAN TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN NTB Nurul Hilmiati Dwi Praptomo
Pendahuluan Introduction — Lombok dikonfirmasi sebagai daerah tertular AI pada Juni 2004 ketika 5.700 dari 13.000 ekor ayam layer afkiran dari Jawa Timur dan Bali mati di Kecamatan Masbagik, Sukamulia dan Selong-Lombok Timur. Berbarengan dengan outbreak AI di Jawa dan Bali. — Confirmed as infected region in June 2004 when 5,700 out of 13.000 of cast-off layers from East Java and Bali died in Masbagik, Sukamulia and Selong, coincided with AI outbreak in Java and Bali.
Sumber: Dinas Peternakan Prop. NTB Mataram, Gunung Sari, Cakra, Ampenan (+ AI)
Gerung (+ AI)
Narmada (+ AI)
Masbagik (+ AI)
Praya (+ AI)
Source: WNT livestock office.
Pendahuluan (cont) — Pemerintah dari tingkat pusat hingga kabupaten telah menetapkan serta melaksanakan berbagai kebijakan untuk penanggulangan AI. — As response to AI, the Indonesian government from central to district level have passed and applied several regulations and policies to control AI.
Pendahuluan (cont) Namun pertanyannya adalah: — apakah kebijakan yang ada sekarang sudah cukup? ATAUKAH — Apakah kebijakan tersebut diperlukan? ATAUKAH — Apakah diperlukan kebijakan lain? — Despite few regulations have been passed, it is not clear whether the existing policies are appropriate or whether new animal diseases policies are required?
Pendahuluan (cont) — Tujuan study: menganalisis kebijakan pemerintah dalam menanggulangi AI serta melihat alternatif kebijakan lain untuk penanganan AI yang lebih optimal. — Aim: to analyze the government policies in controlling AI and to seek alternative policies for a more optimum AI control program.
MATERI DAN METODE METERIALS AND METHODS — Materials
Kebijakan pemerintah dalam penanganan AI di Pulau Lombok saat ini dan hasil wawancara dari beberapa stakeholder (pedagang dan peternak ayam). Government policies, in-depth interview results from various stakeholder (chicken traders and farmers).
Metode methods — Kebijakan pemerintah dalam penanganan flu burung (AI) dianalisis dengan pendekatan SWOT analysis . — Analize the government policies regarding AI using SWOT ANALYSIS.
Hasil dan Pembahasan — Results and Discussion
Respon pemerintah terhadap AI Government responses to AI A. Gubernur NTB (Governor of WNT) SK Gubernur No. 71 tgl 21 April 2004 tentang pelarangan masuknya unggas dewasa ke NTB Passsing a regulation on banning live chicken coming to WNT except the frozen ones.
Respon pemerintah terhadap AI Government responses to AI (cont)
B. Dinas Peternakan NTB (Provincial Livestock Office) Melaksanakan SK Gubernur No. 71 dengan tindakan administratif (pembentukan komite daerah penanganan AI) dan kebijakan teknis (vaksinasi masal, peningkatan bio-sekuritas, surveillance, kontrol transport unggas, depopulasi, penyuluhan serta monitoring Apply the SK Governor No. 71 by administrative and technical policies (vaccination, improving biosecurity, surveillance, transport control, extension and monitoring.
Respon pemerintah terhadap AI Government responses to AI (cont) C. Dinas Pertanian dan Peternakan Kabupaten dan Kodya se-Pulau Lombok Melaksanakan SK Gubernur dan implementasi kebijakan tindakan strategis penanggulangan AI. C. Agriculture and Livestock ofice (District Level) Implement the SK Governor and the strategic policies to control AI in Lombok.
Hasil analisa SWOT dan Diskusi SWOT analysis Results and Discussion
SWOT of the Provincial livestock office, District office and Animal Quarantine in implementing AI control program. SWOT
Strengths
Weakness
Opportunities
Threats
1. Staff - Animal health division in the Provincial/District office - Staff in the animal health division - Capability of the staff 2. Fund Fund’s source and availability 3. Horizontal coordination with other related institution - Coordination methods and affectivity - Coordination with DIC Denpasar - Coordination with animal quarantine 4. Vertical coordination with the District livestock office - The coordination methods and effectivity
3.05
2.17
0
0
2.16
3.67
0.5
0
2.18
0.5
0.5
0
2.83
1
0
0
5. Physical resources - Animal health laboratory - Animal hospital/Animal health Post - Vehicles for monitoring and surveillance - Vaccines and vaccination equipment - Cool chain
1.96
2.62
0
0
6. Local government policies/regulations 4 - The Governor SK as a main basic to control AI in WNT
0
1.83
0.83
7. ’s circumstances - NTB status in AI - Media - Public awareness - Geographical conditions - Chicken farming system - Neighborhood with island 8. Animal movement - Chicken trade - Chicken transport 9. Network
0.62
0
1.35
1.33
0
0
0
2
0
0
0.83
0
Requirements of AI control policies to be likely successful in implementation. Implementation Policies
Staff
Fund
Coordination
- Not very expensive, - Not too many staff farmers are likely able to required since it can be afford it. done by farmers - Staff required in public places like animal market.
Improving bio- security
Physical resources
Public awareness
Government Regulation
- low physical resource required.
- public awareness required
- Government encouragement is crucial
-
-
- Control points are needed
- public awareness required
- Regulation is crucial
- a lot of vaccines, vaccination equipment, vehicle, and cool chain are needed.
- public awareness required
- Regulation is crucial to support vaccination implementation
-
- public awareness required
Strong regulation is needed
-
-
Surveillance
- Many staff are required to scrutinize all area
- Quite a lot of fund required - Coordination amongst related institutions is for operational budget as essential. this should be carried out regularly.
-Many staff are required - Fund is essential for operational budget to control the animal movement
Controlling poultry transport
Vaccination
- Many staffs are needed.
Depopulation (limited destroying)
-
- Coordination amongst district Dinas is impostant
Very expensive for vaccines - Coordination amongst and operational expenditure district Dinas is impostant
- Require vehicle
Expensive to compensate -
Restocking
Increasing public awareness
Monitoring and evaluation
-
-
-
-
- public awareness required
- Staffs are required for extension
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Tindakan teknis penangan AI oleh Dinas Peternakan/ Pertanian tingkat propinsi dan Kabupaten. The government program to control AI in Lombok 1. Program vaksinasi Telah dilaksanakan sejak 2005 sampai terakhir ini, namun masih mengalami banyak kendala (cakupan vaksinasi 10% , biaya operasional, staf, peralatan, hal teknis lainnya). 1. Vaccination program Since 2005 – recently, however still encountering constraints (10% coverage, operational cost, staff, equipment, other technical issues).
Program vaksinasi (cont) Kendala lain: sistem peternakan rakyat, keterbatasan cool-chain, mobilisasi pemilik ayam untuk vaksinasi massal. Efektifitas vaksinasi untuk mengontrol AI? Other constraints: free-ranged system, limited cool-chain and equipment, mobilization chicken owners for mass vaccination. The effectiveness of vaccination in controlling AI concerning all the constraints??
2. Peningkatan bio-sekuritas Improving bio-security
— Implementasi: spraying pasar hewan, daerah-daerah tertular AI dan populasi unggas yang padat serta pemberian desinfectan pada masyarakat. — Berperan penting dalam penanganan AI (SWOT)
Implementation: spraying animal market, AI infected villages, and provide disinfectant for chicken owners. Plays important role is controling AI.
3.Surveilans dan kontrol transport unggas
Surveillance and poultry movement control
— Komponen penting dalam penanganan AI — Implementasi: menindak lanjuti - insepeksi laporan unggas mati mendadak, diagnosa, pengambilan sampel lab, monitoring dan pengambilan sampel periodik — Critical component in AI control program — Implementation: following-up report on poultry sudden death, diagnosing, sampling and periodical monitoring and sampling.
3.Surveilans dan kontrol transport unggas (cont) Surveillance and poultry movement control Kendala: — keterbatasan sarana transportasi untuk menjangkau semua wilayah serta keterbatasan dana operasional. — Khusus untuk kontrol tranportasi unggas, koordinasi antar wilayah masih sangat perlu untuk ditingkatkan. Constraints: — Limited operational vehicle to cover all areas, limited operational budget. — Particular for movement control, coordination amongst Dinas need to be enhanced.
4. Depopulasi dan restocking Depopulation and restocking — Depopulasi: pemusnahan semua hewan dalam satu kandang terinfeksi dengan kompensasi Rp. 1000/ekor. — Restocking: pengosongan kandang diantara dua periode pemeliharaan. — Kendala: keterbatasan dana kompensasi,pemilik ayam kadang enggan memusnahkan unggasnya. — Depopulation: disposing all chicken within an infected flock. — Restocking: emptying shed between two cycle. — Constraints: limited compensation budget.
Kesimpulan Conclusions — Pelaksanaan kebijakan pemerintah untuk pengendalian AI di NTB khususnya Lombok sepertinya mengalami banyak kendala terutama bila kebijakan tsb sangat tergantung pada ketersediaan dana dan sarana fisik. — Implementation of policies to control AI in WNT, particularly in Lombok seems to encounter several constraints. The constraints become greater when such policies are highly dependent on fund availability and physical resources.
Saran Suggestions: — Memanfaatkan sumber daya masyarakat yang sudah mulai sadar dengan bahaya AI menuju pengendalian swadaya dan swakelola. — Utilize the community awareness for self-control prevention against AI. — Restrukturisasi sistem peternakan rakyat — Restructuring the back yard farming system.
Saran Suggestions: — Penguatan bio-sekuritas pada peternakan rakyat dengan penyuluhan intensif serta subsidi desinfektan. — Strengthening bio-security in back yard farms and small scale farms by providing disinfectant and extention. — Kontrol perpindahan unggas dengan memperkuat koordinasi semua stake holder terkait. — Controlling poultry movement and strengthening coordination amongst related institutions.
Saran Suggestions: — Call-senter untuk layanan informasi tentang AI serta pengaduan masyarakat. — Call centre for all information about AI and reporting suspected cases. — Memberdayakan murid sekolah untuk meningkatkan kesadaran keluarga akan bahaya AI. — Empowering high school students for raising public awareness.
Saran Suggestions: — Bila program vaksinasi dilaksanakan: mempertimbangkan efektifitas dan efisiensi. — Fokus pada daerah tertular dan terancam. — If vaccination is to be implemented, should be for 3 consecutive years with 3-4 vaccination in each year, covering 70% of the susceptible population in 1st year 90-100% of susceptible population in the 2nd and 3rd year. — Vaccination program is focused in the most threatened areas.
Terima kasih Thank you
