ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM PELAPORAN BERITA DAN PENILAIAN KINERJA REPORTER BERBASIS WEB DI PT. REPUBLIKA MEDIA MANDIRI

ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM PELAPORAN BERITA DAN PENILAIAN KINERJA REPORTER BERBASIS WEB DI PT. REPUBLIKA MEDIA MANDIRI

SKRIPSI

Oleh

Eragilang Muhammad Hastapatria 1100019355 Mustakim 1100020041 Kelas / Kelompok : 07 PET / 03

Universitas Bina Nusantara Jakarta 2011

ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM PELAPORAN BERITA DAN PENILAIAN KINERJA REPORTER BERBASIS WEB DI PT. REPUBLIKA MEDIA MANDIRI

SKRIPSI

diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat untuk gelar kesarjanaan pada Jurusan Ilmu Komputer Program Studi Teknik Informatika Jenjang Pendidikan Strata-1

Oleh

Eragilang Muhammad Hastapatria 1100019355 Mustakim 1100020041 Kelas / Kelompok : 07 PET / 03

Universitas Bina Nusantara Jakarta 2011

ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM PELAPORAN BERITA DAN PENILAIAN KINERJA REPORTER BERBASIS WEB DI PT. REPUBLIKA MEDIA MANDIRI

SKRIPSI    

Disusun Oleh :

Eragilang Muhammad

Mustakim

1100019355

1100020041

Disetujui Oleh Pembimbing

Jurike V Moniaga Kddsn : D1798

Universitas Bina Nusantara Jakarta 2011

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PERNYATAAN

Dengan ini kami, Nama

: Eragilang Muhammad Hastapatria

NIM

: 1100019355

Nama

: Mustakim

NIM

: 1100020041

Judul Skripsi : Analisis dan Perancangan Sistem Pelaporan Berita dan Penilaian Kinerja Reporter Berbasis Web di PT. Republika Media Mandiri

Memberikan kepada Universitas Bina Nusantara hak non-ekslusif untuk menyimpan, memperbanyak, dan menyebarluaskan skripsi karya kami, secara keseluruhan atau hanya sebagian atau hanya ringkasannya saja, dalam bentuk format tercetak atau elektronik. Menyatakan bahwa kami, akan mempertahankan hak exclusive kami, untuk menggunakan seluruh atau sebagian isi skripsi kami, guna pengembangan karya di masa depan, misalnya dalam bentuk buku, perangkat lunak, ataupun sistem informasi.

Jakarta, 02 Januari 2011

Eragilang Muhammad H

Mustakim

   

PRAKATA

Puji Syukur kami panjatkan kehadirat Allah SWT, karena dengan kuasanya penulis dapat menyelesaikan penulisan karya ilmiah yang berjudul analisis dan perancangan sistem laporan pengiriman berita dan penilaian kinerja reporter berbasis web di PT. Republika Media Mandiri. Karya ilmiah ini adalah salah satu syarat akademis untuk gelar kesarjanaan bagi mahasiswa program Strata satu dalam menyelesaikan pendidikan di Universitas Bina Nusantara. Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar – besarnya kepada : 1. Bapak Prof. Dr. Ir. Harjanto Prabowo, MM. selaku Rektor Universitas Bina Nusantara yang telah memberikan kesempatan dan kepercayaan kepada kami untuk menyelesaikan skripsi kami. 2. Bapak Ir. Sablin Yusuf, M.Sc., McompSc. selaku Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Bina Nusantara yang telah mendukung kami dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 3. Bapak Fredy Purnomo, S.Kom., M.Kom. selaku Ketua Jurusan Teknik Informatika Universitas Bina Nusantara yang telah memberikan pengarahan kepada kami dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 4. Ibu Yen Lina Prasetio, S.Kom, M.CompSc. Selaku Sekretaris Jurusan Teknik Informatika Universitas Bina Nusantara yang telah memberikan pengarahan kepada kami dalam menyelesaikan skripsi ini. 5. Kedua orang tua serta semua saudara yang telah memberi dukungan secara materi dan moral.

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6. Ibu Jurike V Moniaga S.Kom, M.T. sebagai

pembimbing yang telah

memberikan bimbingan, semangat, kritik dan sarannya dalam penulisan karya ilmiah ini. 7. Seluruh dosen Universitas Bina Nusantara khususnya jurusan Teknik Informatika yang telah membimbing dan mengajar selama kami kuliah. 8. Bapak Johar Arif, Bapak Afif, Staff, dan Karyawan PT. Republika Media Mandiri yang telah membantu dalam pengumpulan data dan ide perancangan sistem. 9. Anis Risenti dan Farah Mahmud sebagai sahabat spesial yang telah memberi dukungan dan semangat selama masa penulisan. 10. Bapak Alex, Dimas Rijkiansyah, dan Iman Mukhlis yang telah membantu dalam pemberian ide bagi penulisaan ini. 11. Seluruh teman–teman angkatan 2011 yang telah berjuang bersama selama masa kuliah ini. Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penulisan karya ilmiah ini masih terdapat beberapa kesalahan oleh karena itu penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang membangun. Semoga laporan ini bermanfaat bagi yang membacanya. Jakarta, Januari 2011

Penulis

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DAFTAR ISI

Halaman Judul Luar ................................................................................................ i Halaman Judul Dalam ............................................................................................. ii Halaman Persetujuan Hard Cover .......................................................................... iii Halaman Pernyataan Dewan Penguji ..................................................................... iv Halaman Pemberian Hak Cipta Non Eksklusif dari Mahasiswa ke Universitas Bina Nusantara ...................................................... v Abstrak .................................................................................................................... vi Prakata ..................................................................................................................... vii Daftar Isi ................................................................................................................. ix Daftar Tabel ............................................................................................................ xv Daftar Gambar ......................................................................................................... xix Daftar Lampiran ...................................................................................................... xxiii BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang ...................................................................................... 1 1.2 Ruang Lingkup ...................................................................................... 2 1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat .............................................................................. 3 1.3.1 Tujuan ......................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 Manfaat ....................................................................................... 3 1.4 Metodologi ............................................................................................ 4 1.5 Sistematika Penulisan .......................................................................... 5

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BAB 2 LANDASAN TEORI

2.1 Sistem .................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 Sistem Informasi ......................................................................... 7 2.1.2 Sistem Berbasis Web................................................................... 9 2.2 Software Komputer ............................................................................... 10 2.2.1 System Software ......................................................................... 11 2.2.2 Web Application .......................................................................... 11 2.3 Software Engineering ........................................................................... 12 2.4 Procces Model....................................................................................... 14 2.4.1 The Waterfall Model ................................................................... 14 2.5 Web Engineering ................................................................................... 15 2.5.1 Method ........................................................................................ 15 2.5.2 Tools ............................................................................................ 15 2.6 Interaksi Manusia dengan Komputer .................................................... 16 2.7 Basis Data ............................................................................................ 19 2.7.1 Hierarki Data .............................................................................. 19 2.7.2 Masalah Pendekatan File Data ................................................... 20 2.7.3 Membuat Basis Data ................................................................... 21 2.7.4 Sistem Manajemen Basis Data ................................................... 22 2.7.5 Komponen DBMS ....................................................................... 22 2.7.6 Model Data Logis ........................................................................ 24 2.7.7 Model Basis Data Hierarkis ....................................................... 24

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2.7.8 Model Basis Data Jaringan.......................................................... 25 2.7.9 Model Basis Data Relasional ...................................................... 26 2.8 Proses Model ......................................................................................... 27 2.8.1 DFD dan ERD ............................................................................ 27 2.9 HTML ................................................................................................... 31 2.9.1 Javascript ..................................................................................... 31 2.9.2 CSS .............................................................................................. 31 2.10 PHP ..................................................................................................... 32 2.10.1 MySQL ...................................................................................... 33 2.10.2 PHPMyAdmin ........................................................................... 33 2.10.3 Dreamweaver ............................................................................ 33 2.11 Berita ................................................................................................... 34 2.11.1 Klasifikasi Berita ....................................................................... 35 2.11.2 Jenis-jenis Berita ....................................................................... 36 2.11.3 Kriteria Umum Nilai Berita ...................................................... 39 2.11.4 Teknik Penulisan Berita ............................................................ 42 2.12 Pengertian Feature .............................................................................. 45 2.12.1 Jenis-jenis Feature .................................................................... 45 2.13 Penilaian Kinerja Karyawan ............................................................... 46 2.13.1 Konsep Penilaian Kinerja ....................................................... 47 2.13.2 Kriteria (ukuran) Tingkat Kinerja ........................................... 48 2.13.3 Jenis Sistem Penilaian Kinerja ................................................ 49 2.13.4 Penetapan Penilai .................................................................... 51

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2.13.5 Sistem Penilaian dan Penghargaan Berbasis Kinerja ............. 52 2.13.6 Metode Pengukuran ................................................................ 55 2.13.7 Fungsi Penghargaan ................................................................ 56 2.13.8 Bentuk Penghargaan Positif dan Negatif ................................ 56 2.14 AHP ..................................................................................................... 58 BAB 3 ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN 3.1 Riwayat Perusahaan. ............................................................................. 59 3.1.1 PT. ABDI BANGSA ................................................................... 61 3.1.2 Visi dan Misi ............................................................................... 61 3.1.3 Jurnalisme yang Khas ................................................................. 62 3.1.4 Perkembangan Republika............................................................ 63 3.2 Struktur Organisasi Perusahaan ............................................................ 64 3.2.1 Pembagian Tugas ........................................................................ 64 3.3 Analisis Prosedur yang Sedang Berjalan .............................................. 66 3.3.1 Prosedur Pelaporan Berita ........................................................... 67 3.3.2 Prosedur Penilaian Kualitatif ...................................................... 68 3.3.3 Prosedur Penilaian Manajemen dan Nilai Akhir ......................... 69 3.4 Diagram Aliran Data ............................................................................. 70 3.4.1 Diagram Konteks Sistem Newsroom PT. Republika Media Mandiri .................................................... 71 3.4.2 Diagram Nol Sistem Newsroom PT. Republika Media Mandiri .................................................. 72 3.4.3 Flow Chart Sistem yang Sedang Berjalan .................................. 73

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3.5 Permasalahan yang Dihadapi ................................................................ 73 3.6 Alternatif Pemecahan Masalah ............................................................ 73 3.6.1 Rancangan Diagram Aliran Data ................................................ 92 3.6.1.1 Diagram Konteks ............................................................ 92 3.6.1.2 Diagram Nol ................................................................... 93 3.6.1.3 Diagram Rinci ................................................................. 94 3.6.2 Perancangan Basis Data yang Diusulkan .................................... 96 3.6.2.1 Diagram Hubungan Entitas............................................. 96 3.6.2.2 Kamus Data .................................................................... 97 3.6.3 Perancangan Proses yang Diusulkan ........................................... 104 3.6.3.1 Bagan Terstruktur ........................................................... 104 3.6.3.2 Spesifikasi Proses ........................................................... 104 3.6.4 Perancangan Masukan ................................................................. 106 BAB 4 IMPLEMENTASI DAN EVALUASI 4.1 Usulan Prosedur yang Baru................................................................... 112 4.2 Hasil Keluaran Sistem ........................................................................... 115 4.3 Rencana Implementasi .......................................................................... 127 4.3.1 Tata Laksana Sistem yang Diusulkan ......................................... 127 4.3.2 Jadwal Implementasi Sistem ....................................................... 129 4.4 Evaluasi Sistem ..................................................................................... 130 4.4.1 Evaluasi 8 Golden Rules ............................................................. 130 4.4.2 Testing Sistem ............................................................................. 139 4.4.3 Evaluasi User .............................................................................. 141

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BAB 5 SIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Simpulan ............................................................................................... 143 5.2 Saran...................................................................................................... 144 DAFTAR PUSTAKA RIWAYAT HIDUP LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN SURAT SURVEI

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Contoh Penentuan Bobot Untuk Setiap Aspek Kinerja ...................................... 53 Tabel 2.2 Performance Grade dan Penghargaan yang Bersangkutan ................................ 54 Tabel 2.3 Jenis – jenis Penghargaan Positif dan Negatif .................................................... 57 Tabel 3.1 Tabel Nilai Sounding .......................................................................................... 74 Tabel 3.2 Tabel Nilai Laporan Awal .................................................................................. 75 Tabel 3.3 Tabel Nilai Laporan Lanjutan ............................................................................. 75 Tabel 3.4 Tabel Nilai Waktu Laporan Awal ....................................................................... 76 Tabel 3.5 Tabel Nilai Waktu Laporan Lanjutan ................................................................. 76 Tabel 3.6 Tabel Nilai Isi Berita........................................................................................... 77 Tabel 3.7 Tabel Nilai Halaman berita ................................................................................. 77 Tabel 3.8 Tabel Nilai Isi Berita........................................................................................... 78 Tabel 3.9 Tabel Nilai Sumber Berita .................................................................................. 78 Tabel 3.10 Tabel Nilai Inisiatif Berita ................................................................................ 79 Tabel 3.11 Tabel Nilai Deadline Berita .............................................................................. 79 Tabel 3.12 Tabel Nilai Human Interest Feature.................................................................. 80

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Tabel 3.13 Tabel Nilai Kedalaman Feature ........................................................................ 80 Tabel 3.14 Tabel Nilai Bahasa Feature ............................................................................... 81 Tabel 3.15 Tabel Nilai Pengumpulan Data Feature ............................................................ 81 Tabel 3.16 Tabel Nilai Irama Tulisan Feature .................................................................... 82 Tabel 3.17 Tabel Nilai Kedalaman Feature ........................................................................ 82 Tabel 3.18 Tabel Nilai Urgensi Daya Tarik Berita Analisis ............................................... 83 Tabel 3.19 Tabel Nilai Data Pendukung Berita Analisis .................................................... 83 Tabel 3.20 Tabel Nilai Bahasa Berita Analisis ................................................................... 84 Tabel 3.21 Tabel Nilai Aktualitas Berita Analisis .............................................................. 84 Tabel 3.22 Tabel Nilai Solusi Berita Analisis .................................................................... 85 Tabel 3.23 Tabel Nilai Disiplin .......................................................................................... 85 Tabel 3.24 Tabel Nilai Kehadiran ....................................................................................... 86 Tabel 3.25 Tabel Nilai Kerjasama ...................................................................................... 86 Tabel 3.26 Tabel Nilai Mematuhi Peraturan....................................................................... 86 Tabel 3.27 Bobot Nilai Akhir Reporter .............................................................................. 87 Tabel 3.28 Reporter A......................................................................................................... 88 Tabel 3.29 Reporter B ......................................................................................................... 89

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Tabel 3.30 Reporter C ......................................................................................................... 89 Tabel 3.31 Reporter D......................................................................................................... 90 Tabel 3.32 Tabel MsRedaktur............................................................................................. 97 Tabel 3.33 Tabel MsReporter ............................................................................................. 97 Tabel 3.34 Laporan_Sounding ............................................................................................ 98 Tabel 3.35 Laporan_Isi ....................................................................................................... 98 Tabel 3.36 Nilai_Kuantitatif ............................................................................................... 99 Tabel 3.37 Nilai_Manajemen.............................................................................................. 99 Tabel 3.38 Berita_Isi ........................................................................................................... 100 Tabel 3.39 Berita_Kategori ................................................................................................. 100 Tabel 3.40 Nilai_Berita ....................................................................................................... 101 Tabel 3.41 Nilai_Feature .................................................................................................... 101 Tabel 3.42 Nilai_News_analysis ........................................................................................ 102 Tabel 3.43 Agenda .............................................................................................................. 102 Tabel 3.44 Tabel User_absen .............................................................................................. 103 Tabel 4.1 Tabel Personil dan Fungsi................................................................................... 128 Tabel 4.2 Jadwal Implementasi Sistem ............................................................................... 129

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Tabel 4.3 Testing Sistem..................................................................................................... 139

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Software Enginering Layered Technology ........................................ 13 Gambar 2.2 Proses Waterfall Model ..................................................................... 14 Gambar 2.3 Hierarki Data ..................................................................................... 19 Gambar 2.4 DFD Symbol ...................................................................................... 29 Gambar 2.5 Cardinality Relationship ................................................................... 30 Gambar 2.6 Piramida Terbalik .............................................................................. 44 Gambar 3.1 Sruktur Organisasi PT. Republika Media Mandiri ........................... 64 Gambar 3.2 Diagram Konteks Sistem Internal Penyimpanan dan Pengolahan Berita ................................................ 70 Gambar 3.3 Diagram Nol Sistem Internal Penyimpanan Data dan Pengolahan Berita ....................................... 71 Gambar 3.4 Flow Chart Sistem yang Berjaan ...................................................... 72 Gambar 3.5 Rancangan Penggunaan SMS Sebagai Sarana Sounding.................. 74 Gambar 3.6 Diagram Perbandingan Potensi dan Performance Indicator............. 90 Gambar 3.7 Diagram Konteks Sistem Pelaporan Berita dan

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Penilaian Kinerja Reporter PT. Republika Media Mandiri ............... 92 Gambar 3.8 Diagram Nol Sistem Pelaporan Berita dan Penilaian Kinerja Reporter PT. Republika Media Mandiri............................................. 93 Gambar 3.9 Diagram Rinci 1 - Penulisan Laporan .............................................. 94 Gambar 3.10 Diagram Rinci 2 - Penulisan Berita................................................ 95 Gambar 3.11 ERD Sistem Pelaporan Berita dan Penilaian Kinerja Reporter....... 96 Gambar 3.12 Bagan Terstruktur ............................................................................ 104 Gambar 3.13 Rancangan Halaman Login ............................................................. 106 Gambar 3.14 Rancangan Daftar Sounding............................................................ 107 Gambar 3.15 Rancangan Tulis Laporan................................................................ 107 Gambar 3.16 Rancangan Daftar Laporan.............................................................. 108 Gambar 3.17 Rancangan Penulisan Berita ............................................................ 108 Gambar 3.18 Rancangan Penilaian Berita ............................................................ 109 Gambar 3.19 Rancangan Penulisan Agenda ......................................................... 109 Gambar 3.20 Rancangan Daftar Agenda .............................................................. 110 Gambar 3.21 Rancangan Detail Laporan .............................................................. 110 Gambar 3.22 Rancangan Laporan Nilai Akhir ..................................................... 111

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Gambar 3.23 Rancangan Hasil Cetak Nilai .......................................................... 111 Gambar 4.1 Tampilan Layar Login ....................................................................... 115 Gambar 4.2 Tampilan Layar daftar Sounding ...................................................... 116 Gambar 4.3 Tampilan Layar Tulis Laporan .......................................................... 117 Gambar 4.4 Tampilan Layar Daftar Laporan ........................................................ 118 Gambar 4.5 Tampilan Layar Tulis Berita ............................................................. 119 Gambar 4.6 Tampilan Layar Form Peniaian Berita .............................................. 120 Gambar 4.7 Tampilan Layar Tulis Agenda .......................................................... 121 Gambar 4.8 Tampilan Layar Daftar Agenda......................................................... 122 Gambar 4.9 Tampilan Layar Detail Laporan ........................................................ 123 Gambar 4.10 Tampilan Layar Nilai Akhir ............................................................ 124 Gambar 4.11 Tampian Layar Hasil Cetak Nilai.................................................... 126 Gambar 4.12 Strive for consistency ...................................................................... 131 Gambar 4.13 Caster to universal usabilty............................................................. 132 Gambar 4.14 Offer informative feedback .............................................................. 133 Gambar 4.15 Design dialogs to yield closure ...................................................... 134 Gambar 4.16 Prevent errors ................................................................................. 135

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Gambar 4.17 Permit easy reversal of actions ....................................................... 136 Gambar 4.18 Support internal locus of control .................................................... 137 Gambar 4.19 Reduce short-term memory load ..................................................... 138

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

L1.1 Daftar Kunjungan ................................................................................................ L1 L2.1 Wawancara dengan Kepala IT ............................................................................. L2 L2.2 Wawancara dengan Redaktur Pelaksana Newsroom ........................................... L3 L2.3 Wawancara dengan Redaktur Pelaksana Newsroom dan Wakil Redaktur Pelaksana Newsroom ........................................................ L4 L2.4 Wawancara dengan Reporter ............................................................................... L5 L2.5 Wawancara dengan Redaktur .............................................................................. L6 L2.6 Wawancara Evaluasi dengan SDM ..................................................................... L7 L2.7 Wawancara Evaluasi dengan Kepala IT .............................................................. L8 L3.1 Kuesioner Untuk Reporter ................................................................................... L9 L3.2 Lampiran Hasil Kuesioner ................................................................................... L10 L3.3 Kuesioner Untuk Redaktur Senior ....................................................................... L14 L3.4 Lampiran Hasil Kuesioner Untuk Redaktur Senior ............................................. L14 L4.1 Lampiran Hasil Testing Sounding ....................................................................... L15 L4.2 Lampiran Hasil Testing Laporan Awal ............................................................... L15

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L4.3 Lampiran Hasil Testing Laporan Lanjutan .......................................................... L16 L4.4 Lampiran Hasil Testing Laporan Lengkap .......................................................... L16 L4.5 Lampiran Hasil Testing Nilai Kuantitatif ............................................................ L16 L4.6 Lampiran Hasil Tulis Berita ................................................................................ L17 L4.7 Lampiran Hasil Testing Penilaian Berita............................................................. L17 L4.8 Lampiran Hasil Testing Edit Berita ..................................................................... L17 L 4.9 Lampiran Hasil Testing Penilaian Manajemen................................................... L18 L 4.10 Lampiran Hasil Testing Agenda ....................................................................... L18 L 4.11 Lampiran Hasil Testing Nilai Akhir ................................................................ L19 L 5.1 Lampiran Index.php............................................................................................ L20 L 5.2 Lampiran Source Code doLogin.php.................................................................. L22 L 5.3 Lampiran Source Code Sounding.php ................................................................ L24 L 5.4 Lampiran Source Code DaftarSounding.php...................................................... L24 L 5.5 Lampiran Source Code Dotulislaporan.php ....................................................... L34 L 5.6 Lampiran Source Code Tulis Laporan ................................................................ L43 L 5.7 Source Code Fungsi Hitung Selisih Waktu ........................................................ L51 L 5.8 Source Code Tulis Berita ................................................................................... L60

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L 5.9 Source Code LogOut .......................................................................................... L61 L 5.10 Source Code Penilaian Berita ........................................................................... L62 L5.11 Source Code Penilaian Manajemen ................................................................... L66 L 5.12 Source Code Tulis Agenda ............................................................................... L69 L 5.13 Source Code Nilai Akhir .................................................................................. L70 L 5.14 Source Code Cetak Nilai .................................................................................. L72

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