ANALISA & PERANCANGAN SISTEM Blok Sistem Informasi
Mulyadi, S.Kom, M.S.I
A Federation of Information Systems 2-2
Front- and Back-Office Information Systems 2-3
Front-office information systems sistem informasi front-office mendukung fungsi bisnis terhadap pelanggan organisasi
Marketing Sales Customer management
Back-office information systems mendukung operasi bisnis internal sebuah organisasi, serta menjangkau pemasok (bahan baku, peralatan, perlengkapan, dan jasa).
Human resources Financial management Manufacturing Inventory control
Aplikasi SI 2-4
A transaction processing system (TPS) adalah sistem informasi yang menangkap dan memproses data tentang transaksi bisnis. A management information system (MIS) adalah sistem informasi yang menyediakan untuk pelaporan manajemen berdasarkan pemrosesan transaksi dan operasi organisasi. A decision support system (DSS) adalah sistem informasi yang membantu untuk mengidentifikasi peluang pengambilan keputusan atau menyediakan informasi untuk membantu membuat keputusan.
Aplikasi SI 2-5
An Executive Information System (EIS) adalah sistem informasi yang
dirancang untuk manajer tingkat atas yang mengintegrasikan data dari seluruh organisasi dan kontrol dan indikator berbentuk grafis An expert system adalah sistem informasi yang menangkap keahlian para pakar dan kemudian mensimulasikan keahlian tersebut untuk kepentingan para non pakar. A communications and collaboration system adalah sistem informasi yang memungkinkan komunikasi lebih efektif antara pekerja, mitra, pelanggan, dan pemasok untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mereka untuk berkolaborasi. An office automation system adalah sistem informasi yang mendukung berbagai kegiatan kantor bisnis yang disediakan untuk meningkatkan alur kerja antara pekerja.
Information System Applications
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TPS pertama merespon input berupa data transaksi (misalnya order). Proses ini menghasilkan informasi transaksi sebagai hasil dari proses input transaksi TPS kedua hanya menghasilkan output hasil transaksi (Misalnya Faktur). MIS pertama menghasilkan informasi atau laporan (misalnya laporan analisa penjualan) menggunakan data dari database transaksi
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MIS kedua menggunakan model bisnis tertentu untuk menghasilkan informasi manajemen operasional (misalnya penjadwalan produksi) MIS menggunakan data lebih dari 1 database transaksi Gambaran data dari database transaksi tersimpan dalam gudang data yang didapat dari berbagai interval waktu dan menggunakan subset data ynang berbeda. Data tersebut dikelola untuk memastikan kemudahan akses bagi para manajer.
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DSS dan EIS memiliki akses khusus yg bersifat read only terhadap gudang data untuk menghasilkan informasi untuk penunjang keputusan dan manajemen eksekutif ES membutuhkan database khusus yang menyimpan keahlian pakar (knowledge base) dan aturannya (rule base) ES menerima input berupa masalah dan responnya berdasarkan solkusi yang dihasilkan menurut kepakaran tersebut.
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OAS cenderung berputar di sekitar data dan pengolahan bisnis kebutuhan individu. Sistem tersebut biasanya dikembangkan oleh pengguna sendiri (dan dijalankan pada komputer personal) Work Group OAS berbasis pesan (misalnya email) yang digunakan untuk mengakses atau mengimport data dari TPS.
Arsitektur SI 2-11
kerangka pemersatu berbagai pemangku kepentingan dengan perspektif yang berbeda dapat mengatur dan melihat blok bangunan fundamental dari sistem informasi.
SI Fokus
Focuses for Information Systems 2-13
Knowledge — bahan baku yang digunakan untuk membuat informasi yang berguna. Process — kegiatan (termasuk manajemen) yang melaksanakan misi bisnis. Communication — bagaimana sistem berinteraksi dengan pengguna dan sistem informasi lainnya..
Views of KNOWLEDGE 2-14
System owners’ view
System users’ view
View data as something recorded on forms, stored in file cabinets, recorded in books and binders, organized into spreadsheets, or stored in computer files and databases. Tend to focus on the business issues as they pertain to the data. Data requirement – a representation of users’ data in terms of entities, attributes, relationships, and rules independent of data technology.
System designers’ view
Interested not in raw data but in information that adds new business knowledge and information that help managers make intelligent decisions. Business entities and business rules.
Data structures, database schemas, fields, indexes, and constraints of particular database management system (DBMS).
System builders’ view
SQL DBMS or other data technologies
Views of PROCESS 2-15
System owners’ view Concerned with high-level processes called business functions. Business function – a group of related processes that support the business. Functions can be decomposed into other subfunctions and eventually into processes that do specific tasks. A cross-functional information system – a system that supports relevant business processes from several business functions without regard to traditional organizational boundaries such as divisions, departments, centers, and offices.
Continued ...
Views of PROCESS (continued) 2-16
System users’ view Concerned with work that must be performed to provide the appropriate responses to business events. Business processes – activities that respond to business events. Process requirements – a user’s expectation of the processing requirements for a business process and its information systems. Policy – a set of rules that govern a business process. Procedure – a step-by-step set of instructions and logic for accomplishing a business process. Work flow – the flow of transactions through business processes to ensure appropriate checks and approvals are implemented.
Continued ...
Views of PROCESS (continued) 2-17
System designers’ view
Concerned with which processes to automate and how to automate them Constrained by limitations of application development technologies being used Software specifications – the technical design of business processes to be automated or supported by computer programs to be written by system builders.
System builders’ view
Concerned with programming logic that implements automated processes Application program – a language-based, machine-readable representation of what a software process is supposed to do, or how a software process is supposed to accomplish its task. Prototyping – a technique for quickly building a functioning, but incomplete model of the information system using rapid application development tools.
Views of COMMUNICATION 2-18
System owners’ view Concerned
with communications scope of an information
system. Who
(which business units, employees, customers, and partners) must interact with the system? Where are these business units, employees, customers, and partners located? What other information systems will the system have to interface with?
System users’ view Concerned
with the information system’s inputs and outputs.
Views of COMMUNICATION (continued) 2-19
System designers’ view
Concerned with the technical design of both the user and the system-tosystem communication interfaces. Interface specifications – technical designs that document how system users are to interact with a system and how a system interacts with other systems. User dialogue – a specification of how the user moves from window to window or page to page, interacting with the application programs to perform useful work.
System builders’ view
Concerned with the construction, installation, testing and implementation of user and system-to-system interface solutions. Middleware – utility software that allows application software and systems software that utilize differing technologies to interoperate.
