AN ERROR ANALYSIS IN USING TENSES MADE BY THE THIRD YEAR STUDENTS OF SMK 7 MEDAN
By:
IDAWATI SITUMORANG NIM : 070705050
FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the name of Jesus Christ, the writer would like to express her deep gratitude to the Almighty God who has given her all blessing, power, patient and ability to complete her study particularly in accomplishing this thesis. The writer owes her thank to her beloved parents, B. Situmorang and T.br.Nainggolan, and also her sister and brothers: Lenny Marlina Juliana S, Fernando S, S.pd., Aprianto S, and Jufriadi S, for their pray, support, advice and love. Then, the writer would like to express her gratitude appreciation to her supervisor Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M. Hum., and co. supervisor, Drs. Chairul Husni, M.Ed. TESOL., for their valuable time to share their guidance, to encourage, to give suggestion and criticism in completing this thesis. The writer is very grateful to the Dean of Faculty of letters of University of Sumatera Utara, Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A., and her thank to the Head and Secretary of English Departement, Dr. Muhizar Muchtar.M.S., and Dr. Nurlela. M.Hum. Special thanks is given to Graceful Small Group (Marline, SS., Nelly, Dortama, Mariana, Marina,) for their pray, support, care and love. There are always nice and fun memories when we struggle to finish our study well. Her deep praying is may we get our each ambition and give positive impact to others, especially to our country. There are no friends like you all guys. She does love you all. Thanks for encouraging her in many things. Other special Thanks to her friend, Binsar Silalahi, ST., for his pray, advice and support in completing this thesis well. May God bless them all. Medan, March 9, 2011 Idawati Situmorang
ABSTRACT
Skripsi yang berjudul “an Error Analysis in Using Tenses Made by the Third year Students of SMK 7 Medan ini merupakan skripsi yang menganalisa kesalahan – kesalahan penggunaan ‘Tenses’ yang terjadi dalam mengisi pertanyaan yang diberikan kepasa siswa kelas 3 SMK 7 Medan yang mendapat rangking 1 sampai rengking 5. Tujuan dari skripsi ini adalah mengamati bagaimana siswa-siswa SMK 7 Medan menggunakan ‘Tenses’dan mengidentifikasi kesalahan-kesalahan yang kemudian mengklasifikasikan kesalahan-kesalahan tersebut ke dalam beberapa tipe kesalahan berdasarkan teori Rod Ellis(1997:15-19) yaitu Omission, Misinformation, Misordering, dan Overgeneralization dan juga teori Jack Richard (1974:6) yaitu Overgeneralization, Ignorance of Rule Restriction, Incomplete Application of Rules, and False Concept Hypothesized. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan skripsi adalah melakukan riset lapangan di SMK 7 dengan memberikan pertanyaan yang berhubungan dengan tenses yang mereka sudah pelajari dan mencari referensi yang berhubungan dengan judul skripsi. Akhirnya, berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa tipe kesalahan yang dibuat siswa/siswi kelas 3 yang mendapat ranking 1 sampai 5 SMK 7 Medan dalam menggunakan’ Tenses’ adalah Misinformation 78.87%, Omission 13.73 %, Overgeneralization 3.52 %, dan Incomplete Application of Rules 3.87 %. Kesalahan yang paling dominan adalah tipe kesalahan ‘Misinformation’ sebanyak 78.87 %.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS…………………………………………………………..i ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………..ii TABLE OF CONTENTS…...……………………………………………….............iii LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………………..vi
CHAPTER I:
INTRODUCTION...................................................................1 1.1 Background of Study………………………………………1 1.2 Problems of Study…………………………………………5 1.3 Objectives of Study………………………………………..6 1.4 The Scope of Study………………………………………..6 1.5 The Significance of Study …………………………….......6
CHAPTER II:
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE………………....8 2.1 Theoretical Concepts……………………………………..8 2.1.1 Error and Error Analysis……………………….……....8 2.1. 2 The Relationship between SLA and Error Analysis.................................................................16 2.2 English Tenses…………………………………………..17 2.2.1 The Rule of Sequence Tenses……………….....18 2.3 Explanation about English Tense………………………..20 2.3.1 Simple Present Tense………………….…….. 20 2.3.2 Present Continuous Tense/ Present Progressive Tense…………………………………………...24
2.3.3 Simple Past Tense……………………………...27 2.4.4 Past Continuous Tense/ Past Progressive Tense…………....................................................31 2.4.5 Simple Present Future Tense……………………………………………34
CHAPTER III:
METHODOLOGY……………………….……………..…39 3.1 Research Method……………………….………..……...39 3.2 Population and Sample………………….……..……......39 3.3 Data and Collecting Method…………….………….…...40 3.4 Data Analysis…………………………..………….....…40
CHAPTER IV:
ANALYSIS FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION………..…..43 4.1 Data…………………..………………………………...43 4.2 The Kinds of Errors in Using Tenses……..………..…..44 4.2.1 Errors of Using Simple Present Tense………..….44 4.2.2 Errors of Using Present Continuous Tense…..…..48 4.2.3 Errors of Using Simple Past Tense………..……..52 4.2.4 Errors of Using Past Continuous Tense……….....56 4.2.5 Errors of Using Simple Present Future Tense..…..60 4.3 The Percentage of Errors in Using Tenses…..…….64
CHAPTER V:
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION………………….…67 5.1 Conclusion………………………..……………………...67 5.2 Suggestion…………………………...…………………..74
BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX
LIST OF TABLES
No
Titles
page
1
All Data Source ………………………………………………
43
2.
The Data to be analyzed …………………………………….
43
3.
Omission of Inflectional -es ………………………………...
44
4.
Errors in Adding -es ………………………………………...
44
5.
Errors in Using to be………………………………………..
45
6.
Errors in Using to be (auxiliary)………………………….. .
46
7.
Errors of Completing Question Sentence…………………..
46
8.
Errors in Using Auxiliary in Question Sentence …………...
47
9.
Omission of Auxiliary and V-ing …………………………
48
10.
Errors in Using Verbs ………………………………………
49
11.
Omission V-ing……………………………………………...
49
12.
Errors in Using verb…………………………………………
50
13.
Errors of Using –s or –es.........................................................
5o
14.
Errors in Negative Sentence…………………………………
51
15.
Errors in Using Auxiliary will be…………………………...
51
16.
Omission Auxiliary in Question Sentence………………….
52
17.
Errors in Using Verbs……………………………………….
52
18.
Errors in Using Verbs………………………………………
53
19.
Errors in Making Negative Sentence………………………….
53
20.
Errors in Using Auxiliary in Question Sentence………………
54
21.
Errors in Using Auxiliary……………………………………...
55
22.
Errors in Using Auxiliary…………………………………….
55
23.
Errors in Using Verbs…………………………………………
56
24.
Errors in Using Present Verbs………………………………..
56
25.
Errors in Using Verbs……………………………………….
57
26.
Errors in Using Verbs……………………………………….
58
27.
Errors n Using Verbs……………………………………….
59
28.
Errors in Using Verbs………………………………………
59
29.
Errors in Using Verbs………………………………………
60
30.
Errors in Using Verbs………………………………………
61
31.
Errors in Using Verbs………………………………………
61
32.
Ignorance of Infinitive………………………………………
62
33.
Errors in Making Nominal Sentence………………………..
63
34.
Errors of Using be…………………………………………..
63
35.
The Percentage of Errors in Using Tenses…………………..
64
36.
Kinds of Errors………………………………………………
65
37.
Kinds of Error, Frequency and Percentage…………………..
66
