AN ANALYSIS ON COMMISSIVE UTTERANCES IN THE FILM ENTITLED “THE GODS MUST BE CRAZY” AND ITS IMPLICATION ON TEACHING SPEAKING
THESIS
RIZQI ARUM PRASTUTI K 2210075
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA 2015
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PRONOUNCEMENT I would like to certify that the thesis entitled “AN ANALYSIS ON COMMISSIVE UTTERANCES IN THE FILM ENTITLED “THE GODS MUST
BE
CRAZY”
AND
ITS
IMPLICATION
ON
TEACHING
SPEAKING” is really my own work. It is not a product of plagiarism or made by others. Everything related to others’ works is written in quotation, the sources of which are listed on the bibliography. If then, this pronouncement proves wrong, I am ready to receive any academic punishment.
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AN ANALYSIS ON COMMISSIVE UTTERANCES IN THE FILM ENTITLED “THE GODS MUST BE CRAZY” AND ITS IMPLICATION ON TEACHING SPEAKING
RIZQI ARUM PRASTUTI K 2210075
Thesis Submitted to the Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University to fulfill one of requirements for obtaining the Undergraduate Degree in English Education
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA 2015
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ABSTRACT Rizqi Arum Prastuti. K2210075. Analysis on Commissive Utterances in the Film Entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy” and Its Implication on Teaching Speaking. Thesis. English Department. Teacher Training and Education Faculty. Sebelas Maret University. Surakarta. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. The sources of the data are the film entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy” and its transcript. The aims of this research are 1) to find out the types of commissive utterances used by the characters in the film entitled “The God Must be Crazy”, 2) to describe how the characters use the strategy in uttering commissive utterances, and 3) to describe the context of situation in which each commissive utterance is used by the characters of the film entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy”. To achieve the aims, the data are analyzed using (1) Austin’s three acts to infer the illocutionary act of each utterance, (2) Searle’s theory to identify the type of the commissive utterances, and (3) Beebe et al. and Charter’s theories to describe the strategy in employing the commissive utterances. The writer also uses Ethnography of Communication with SPEAKING formula as the guideline to describe the context of situation. The findings of this research are 1) the types of commissive utterances employed by the characters of the film entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy” are promise, refusal, threat, and offer; 2) most of characters in the film entitled “The Gods Must be Crazy” use indirect speech acts in general, and in employing commissive utterances, most of the characters uses explanation, excuse or reason in employing refusals, using If-then in employing threat, using interrogative with modal and justification in employing offers; 3) the factors like social status of the interlocutors, the relationship between the participants, and the situation when the conversation occurs do influence the way of the characters in the film entitled “the Gods Must be Crazy” in choosing the strategy of employing the utterances. Keywords: pragmatic, speech act, commissive
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ABSTRAK Rizqi Arum Prastuti. K2210075. Analisis pada Ungkapan Komisif dalam Film yang Berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy” dan Implikasinya dalam Pengajaran Speaking. Skripsi. Bahasa Inggris. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Surakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data yang digunakan adalah film yang berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy” dan beserta transkripnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk 1) mengetahui jenis-jenis komisif yang digunakan oleh karakter dalam film berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy”, 2) mendeskripsikan bagaimana karakter menggunakan strategi dalam pengucapan ungkapan komisif, dan 3) mendeskripsikan konteks situasi dimana ungkapan komisif digunakan oleh karakter dalam film berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy”. Untuk mencapai tujuan, data dianalisis menggunakan tiga tindak tutur Austin untuk menyimpulkan ilokusi ungkapan, teori Searle untuk mengidentifikasi jenis ungkapan komisif, dan teori Beebe, dkk. dan Charter untuk mendeskripsikan strategi dalam menggunakan ungkapan komisif. Penulis juga menggunakan Etnografi Komunikasi dengan formula SPEAKING sebagai panduan untuk mendeskripsikan konteks situasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah 1) jenis-jenis ungkapan komisif yang digunakan oleh karakter film yang berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy” adalah berjanji, menolak, mengancam, dan menawarkan; 2) karakter dalam film berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy” menggunakan tindak tutur tidak langsung secara umum, dan dalam menggunakan ungkapan komisif, para karakter paling banyak menggunakan penjelasan atau alasan dalam menggunakan penolakan, memakai Ifthen dalam menggunakan pengancaman, dan memakai interogatif dengan kata bantu dan justifikasi dalam menggunakan penawaran; 3) faktor-faktor seperti status sosial teman bicara, hubungan antara partisipan, dan situasi ketika pembicaraan terjadi mempengaruhi cara karakter dalam film berjudul “The Gods Must be Crazy” dalam memilih strategi penggunaan ungkapan. Kata kunci: pragmatik, tindak tutur, komisif
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MOTTO
“…(Do) not grieve, indeed Allah (is) with us…” (Quran Surah At-Taubah, verse 40)
“Man proposes, God disposes.” (Midorima Shintarou)
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DEDICATION
I gratefully dedicated this research paper to:
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My beloved mother and father
My beloved sister
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirabbil ‘alamin All praises be to Allah SWT, for His blessing that the writer is able to finish this thesis as one of the requirements for achieving Undergraduate Degree in English Education Department, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Sebelas Maret University. The writer believes that many people have given support to her in completing this thesis, and she would like to express her greatest gratitude to the following: 1. The Dean of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University for his permission to write this thesis. 2. The Head of English Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Sebelas Maret University for his permission to write this thesis. 3. Dr. Suparno, M. Pd., the first consultant, for all his guidance, critics, comments, and his patience in guiding the writer from the beginning to the completion of this thesis. 4. Kristiandi, S.S., M.A., the second consultant, for his extra time to read this thesis in details, advice, and patience to make this thesis better. 5. All the lecturers, administrative staff, and friends in English Department of Sebelas Maret University for the assistance so the writer could all the things during her learning in English Department. 6. Her beloved mother and father, for their great love, prayer, and all supports that they give for the entire writer’s life. 7. Her sisters, Ajeng, and also her cousin, Mbak Desi, for the prayer and supports. 8. Her close friends, Nadia, Tuni, Vinda, Nina, Yulia, Septi, Tetin, for the encouragement. 9. Her family in Damai 1 Boarding House: Apin, Mbak Aji, Nurul, Sri, Septi, Mahar, and others. 10. Paramama’s members: Nurhaa, Inna, and Mbak Tiwik for the joy, laugh, and enjoyable music we share.
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11. Kakak, Mas Zuhdi, thanks for the great help in solving the writer’s problem about her laptop and stuffs. 12. All members of English Department, especially ED ’10, thanks for the time we have spent. Realizing that this thesis is far from being perfect, the writer would be very pleased for all the suggestion, criticism, and comment on this thesis better. The writer hopes that his thesis will give some knowledge to everyone who read it.
Surakarta,
March 2015
Rizqi Arum Prastuti
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TABLE OF CONTENTS PRONOUNCEMENT ....................................................................................... ii TITLE .............................................................................................................. iii APPROVAL OF CONSULTANTS ................................................................. iv APPROVAL OF THE BOARD EXAMINERS ................................................. v ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... vi ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................... vii MOTTO ......................................................................................................... viii DEDICATION ................................................................................................ ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ................................................................................ x TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................ xii LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................ xiv CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1 A. Background of Study ............................................................. 1 B. Problem Limitation ................................................................ 4 C. Problem Statements ............................................................... 4 D. The Objectives of the Study ................................................... 5 E. The Significance of the Study ................................................ 5 CHAPTER II. THEORETICAL REVIEW ........................................................ 6 A. Sociolinguistics ..................................................................... 6 1. The Notion of Sociolinguistics ........................................ 6 2. The Scope of Sociolinguistics ......................................... 7 B. Social Dimension in Communication ..................................... 8 C. Pragmatics ........................................................................... 10 D. Speech Acts ......................................................................... 11 1. Definition of Speech Acts ............................................. 11
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2. Direct and Indirect Speech Acts .................................... 12 3. Classification of Speech Acts ........................................ 13 E. Commissives ....................................................................... 21 F. Context ................................................................................ 25 G. Film ..................................................................................... 27 1. The Notion of Film ....................................................... 27 2. Synopsis of “The Gods Must be Crazy” ........................ 28 CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ............................................ 30 A. Type of Research ................................................................. 30 B. Data and Source of Data ...................................................... 30 C. Sample and Sampling Technique ......................................... 31 D. Equipment of the Research .................................................. 31 E. Technique of Collecting Data .............................................. 31 F. Technique of Coding Data ................................................... 32 G. Technique of Analyzing Data .............................................. 33 H. Trustworthiness ................................................................... 34 CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION ....................... 35 A. Introduction .......................................................................... 35 B. Data Analysis ...................................................................... 35 C. Discussion ........................................................................... 64 CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, AND SUGGESTION ......... 73 A. Conclusion .......................................................................... 73 B. Implication .......................................................................... 74 C. Suggestion ........................................................................... 74 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................... 90 APPENDICES ................................................................................................ 93
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LIST OF APPENDICES 1. The script of “The Gods Must be Crazy” film. 2. Research data of commissives. 3. Legalization.
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