Risk Management Analysis on The Car Drivers in Indonesia

ISSN 2355-4721

Risk Management Analysis on The Car Drivers in Indonesia


Hendro Kuntohadi STMT Trisakti [email protected] [email protected]

Yosi Pahala STMT Trisakti [email protected]

Rohana Sitanggang STMT Trisakti [email protected]

ABSTRACT Car drivers in Indonesia will always face many kinds of risks. This research contains the context determination of this research, identifies all the significant risks, measures the frequency and impact of all the risks, draws all the identified risks in the chart, and describes how to manage or mitigate the risks. The dangerous risks which have high frequency and high impact are: 1) Many car drivers get the driving license without taking a driving course and without learning carefully the theory of driving a car; 2) Many car drivers get the driving license through illegal procedure; 3) Many car manufacturers eliminate some car safety equipment to lower the sales price; 4) The ingredients of the gasoline cannot fulfill/match the need of the car (e.g. RON number); 5) In some places the traffic is too crowded; 6) Many damaged roads may cause accidents; 7) Many roads and transportation modes cannot fulfill the demands of transportation. The recommendation (mitigation) for Risk Controlling is that all stakeholders (legislative, executive, judicative, manufacturers, people, car drivers, schools and universities, researchers, etc) should obey the regulations, moral, ethics for car riders. It is mandatory that every candidate of car driver take a course in a certified car driving ourse. Police should arrange a complete and comprehensive reference book for car driver candidates to get a driving license. Keywords: Car Drivers and Risks.

Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi & Logistik (JMTransLog) - Vol. 02 No. 02, Juli 2015

221

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Hendro Kuntohadi, Yosi Pahala, Rohana Sitanggang

Introduction

bibliographical research (secondary data) The result of an initial observation and field research (primary data). These shows that the number of vehicles, are conducted by interviewing experienced especially cars, has increased steadily people as “informants” and observing the since last three years, whereas the road is situation in the field (observation). still the same. The risk for car drivers in Indonesia recently has increased in terms Results and Discussion of its frequency, scale, and iimpact. It is necessary for people of Indonesia to know 1. Risk Identification what risks will happen to car drivers. They To identify the risks faced by car also need to know what causes the risks to drivers the Cause-Effect Diagram is used. happen. In this diagram causes and effects are In general, the car drivers in described in terms of all the problems and Indonesia face many risks, namely: 1. First their causes (Figure 1). category, the risk caused by the condition of the car drivers themselves. The example for this category is the inappropriate way of driving. The driving license (SIM) is not obtained through formal procedure; 2. Second category, the risk caused by the condition of the car driven. The example for this category is using spareparts and or accessories that are not fulfilling the requirements; 3. Third category, the risk caused by the operational condition that much influences the drivers. The example for this category is the traffic jam due to so many vehicles passing through that they make crowd.

Subsequently, Figure 2 shows the Driving Manner of Car Drivers and the Operational Condidtion of Traffic in Jakarta. The next description is about the problems and the causes of risks faced by car drivers (Table 1). Subsequently, the risk mapping of car drivers based on the category of human resources, car, operation, and method (Graphic 1). Conclusion

1. The risks faced by car drivers in Indonesia can be divided into four categories: a. Risk i: threatening the car drivers, it frequently happens with big impact. b. Risk ii: low frequency with big impact. c. Risk iii: high frequency but small impact. The aims of this research are: 1. To d. Risk iv: low frequency and small know and analyze what risks faced by the impact. car drivers in Indonesia; 2. To know and 2. Most of the risks faced by car drivers analyze the risk categories, especially from in Indonesia happen in the category of frequency of occurence whether the risks risk I and risk II, where as not in the seldom, sometimes, or frequently occur. category III and IV. Subsequently, 4. the fourth category, that is called method, exemplified by the issues of regulations and law enforcement. The example cause of this risk is weak law inforcement on the traffic regulations breached by the drivers; and 5. The problems and causes for all the categories of risk mentioned above will be found through a process of risk identification.

Subsequently, the risk is viewed 3. The causes of risk in category I (high from its impact or cost to be incured to frequency and big impact): face it. The research methods used here are 222


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a. The parking management nearby 4. Several causes of the risk in category II streets is not optimal and not well(low frequency with big impact): regulated. a. The drivers consume drugs, are b. The drivers carry excessive or drunk, stay up late at night, etc. overweight passengers/cargo. Gambar Diagram Ikan Yang Menggambarkan dan Penyebabnya b. TheMasalah/Akibat drivers are not so healthy, often c. Too big volume or too high traffic sleepy, etc. but they keep driving. Gambar Diagram Ikan Yang Menggambarkan Masalah/Akibat dan Penyebabnya 1.PENGENDARA MOBIL frequency. c. There are criminal actions on the 1.1.KINERJA PENGENDARA TIDAK BAGUS 1.PENGENDARA d. Transport mode/type of vehicle, street. MOBIL 1.1.KINERJA PENGENDARA 2.MOBIL road infrastructures have not been TIDAK BAGUS 2.1.Kinerja Mobil Tidak Bagus suitable with the plan and need. 2.MOBIL

1.1.4.Kesehatan Kurang, Sering 1.1.1.Mengambil SIM Mengantuk, dll tidak melalui Kursus & 1.1.5.Menggunakan Obat Terlarang, Belum membaca buku Mabuk, begadang, 1.1.4.Kesehatan Kurang, Sering dll peraturan lalu lintas. 1.1.1.Mengambil Mengantuk, dll Belum pernah BelajarSIM teknik 2.1.1.Jenis/spesifikasi, tidak melalui Kursus & Mengemudi. Mendapatkan 1.1.6.Tidak menggunakan alat Cc mesin terlalu kecil/ 1.1.5.Menggunakan Obat Terlarang, Belum membaca buku SIM tidak lewat prosedur keselamatan (safety) 2.1.Kinerja Mobil Besar. Kinerja, Horse Power, Mabuk, begadang, dll peraturan lalu lintas. resmi Tidak Bagus Torsi Mesin tidak sesuai 2.1.5.Ergonomi Kendaraan Belum pernah Belajar teknik 2.1.1.Jenis/spesifikasi, 1.1.2.Kurang bisa Tidak bagus Mengemudi. Mendapatkan 1.1.6.Tidak menggunakan alat 2.1.2.Peralatan Keselamatan Cc mesin terlalu kecil/ Mengendalikan emosi, SIM tidak lewat prosedur keselamatan (safety) (Safety) Kurang Lengkap/ Besar. Kinerja, Horse Power, resmi&Perilaku, dan tidak dikurangi Torsi Mesin tidak sesuai 2.1.5.Ergonomi Kendaraan Bersikap Sopan santun 1.PENGENDARA MOBIL 2.1.6.Jenis BBM tidak 1.1.2.Kurang bisa Tidak bagus sesuai 2.1.2.Peralatan Keselamatan 2.1.3.Perawatan Kendaraan tidak 1.1.3.Usia pengendara Mengendalikan emosi, 1.1.KINERJA PENGENDARA (Safety) Kurang Lengkap/ Sesuai aturan/buku Terlaludan Muda/tua &Perilaku, tidak 2.1.7.Modifikasi kendaraan TIDAK BAGUS dikurangi Bersikap Sopan santun Tidak sesuai aturan 2.1.4.Komponen kendaraan 2.1.6.Jenis BBM tidak 1.1.4.Kesehatan Kurang, Sering cepat rusak/ tidak sudah sesuai 2.1.3.Perawatan Kendaraan 1.1.3.Usia pengendara 1.1.1.Mengambil SIM Mengantuk, dll 2.MOBIL tua, hilang Sesuai aturan/buku Terlalu Muda/tua tidak melaluikendaraan Kursus & RISIKO PENGENDARA 2.1.7.Modifikasi 1.1.5.Menggunakan Obat Terlarang, Belumsesuai membaca buku Tidak aturan 2.1.4.Komponen kendaraan 2.1.Kinerja Mobil MOBIL INDONESIA Mabuk, begadang, dll peraturan lalu lintas. cepat rusak/ sudah 4.1.3.Pengelolaan dan 3.1.Banyak Hambatan 4.1.Manajemen Transportasi Tidak Bagus Belum lahan pernahparkir Belajar teknik tua, hilang 2.1.1.Jenis/spesifikasi, RISIKO PENGENDARA Lalu Lintas Yang tidak optimal Mengemudi. Mendapatkan 1.1.6.Tidak menggunakan alat tidak optimal & tidak Cc mesin terlalu kecil/ SIM tidaktertib lewat prosedur keselamatan (safety) MOBIL INDONESIA Besar. Kinerja,4.1.1.Undang2/ Horse Power, Peraturan, Regulasi 3.1.1.Volume/ Trafik. Frekuensi resmi 3.1.6.Membawa Muatan Berlebihan 4.1.3.Pengelolaan dan Hambatan Transportasi Torsi Mesin4.1.Manajemen tidak sesuai Lalu3.1.Banyak Lintas terlalu Besar/ Tinggi 2.1.5.Ergonomi Kendaraan yang sudah tidak sesuai lahan parkir 1.1.2.Kurang bisa Tidak bagus Lalu Lintas Yang tidak optimal kebutuhan masa kini 3.1.2.Rambu2 Lalu Lintas 2.1.2.Peralatan Keselamatan 4.1.4.Belum tidakadanya optimalpanduan, & tidak 3.1.7. Menghadapi pengendara lain Mengendalikan emosi, Tidak Lengkap, sudah tua, (Safety) Kurang Lengkap/ buku, & sosialisasi berlalu 3.1.1.Volume/ tertib &Perilaku, dan tidak Trafik. Frekuensi Yang ugal2an, agresif, tidak 4.1.1.Undang2/ Regulasi 4.1.2.Moda Transportasi/ JenisPeraturan, Kendaraan, 3.1.6.Membawa Muatan Berlebihan & tidak dipelihara dikurangi lintas yang bagus dan Lalu Lintas terlalu Besar/ Tinggi Bersikap Sopan santun sopan, dll 2.1.6.Jenis BBM tidak yang sudah Infrastruktur Jalan Rayatidak sesuai komprehensif 3.1.3.Ada usaha Tindakan sesuai4.1.4.Belum adanya panduan, kebutuhan masa kini 2.1.3.Perawatan Tidak SesuaiKendaraan rencana & tidak Kebutuhan 1.1.3.Usia3.1.2.Rambu2 pengendara Lalu Lintas 3.1.7. Menghadapi pengendara lain Kriminal di Jalan Raya Tidak Lengkap, sudah tua, buku, & sosialisasi berlalu Sesuai aturan/buku Terlalu Muda/tua 2.1.7.Modifikasi kendaraan Yang ugal2an, agresif, tidak 4.1.2.Moda Transportasi/ Jenis Kendaraan, & tidak dipelihara lintas yang bagus dan Tidak sesuai aturan sopan, dll 2.1.4.Komponen kendaraan 3.1.8.Penegakan Hukum, Aturan, 3.1.4.Ada Hambatan Cuaca , Jalan & Infrastruktur Jalan Raya komprehensif 4.METODA 3.1.3.AdaLongsor, usaha Tindakan cepat rusak/ sudah Etika Yang Sangat Lemah jembatan Banjir, Ambles, dll Tidak Sesuai rencana & Kebutuhan Kriminal di Jalan Raya tua, hilang

Gambar Diagram Ikan Yang Menggambarkan Masalah/Akibat dan Penyebabnya

4.1.Manajemen Transportasi 4.METODA Yang tidak optimal 4.1.1.Undang2/ Peraturan, Regulasi yang sudah tidak sesuai kebutuhan masa kini 4.1.2.Moda Transportasi/ Jenis Kendaraan, Infrastruktur Jalan Raya Tidak Sesuai rencana & Kebutuhan

4.METODA

3.1.5.Ada Kemungkinan Terjadi 3.1.4.Ada Hambatan Cuaca , Jalan & Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas karena 4.1.3.Pengelolaan jembatan dan 3.1.Banyak Hambatan Banjir, Ambles, Longsor, dll tindakan pengemudi lain lahan parkir Lalu Lintas tidak optimal & tidak 3.OPERASIONAL 3.1.5.Ada Kemungkinan Terjadi tertib 3.1.1.Volume/ Trafik. Frekuensi Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas karena Lalu Lintas terlalu Besar/ Tinggi tindakan pengemudi lain

RISIKO PENGENDARA

3.1.8.Penegakan Hukum, Aturan, MOBIL INDONESIA Etika Yang Sangat Lemah

3.1.6.Membawa Muatan Berlebihan

Lintas 4.1.4.Belum adanya panduan, 3.1.2.Rambu2 Lalu 3.OPERASIONAL 3.1.7. Menghadapi pengendara lain Tidak Lengkap, sudah tua, buku, & sosialisasi berlalu Yang ugal2an, agresif, tidak & tidak dipelihara lintas yang bagus dan sopan, dll komprehensif 3.1.3.Ada usaha Tindakan

Kriminal di Jalan Raya

3.1.4.Ada Hambatan Cuaca , Jalan & jembatan Banjir, Ambles, Longsor, dll

3.1.8.Penegakan Hukum, Aturan, Etika Yang Sangat Lemah

3.1.5.Ada Kemungkinan Terjadi Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas karena tindakan pengemudi lain

3.OPERASIONAL

Figure 1. Risk Identification using Fishbone Diagram that Illustrates the Problems and the Causes of Risk faced by Car Drivers

Figure 2. Driving Manner of Car Drivers and Operational Condition of Traffic Jurnal Manajemen Transportasi & Logistik (JMTransLog) - Vol. 02 No. 02, Juli 2015

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Table 1 Problems and Causes of Risks Faced by Car Drivers Category 1.The Driver

2. The car

3. Operation

4. Method

Problem/Effect

Causes 1.1.1. Obtaining driving license not through a driving course & hav1.1.The performance of ing not read the traffic regulations: Having never studied the driving car drivers is not good techniques, obtaining the driving license not through formal procedures. 1.1.2. Not able to control emotions & behavior and not polite 1.1.3. Too old/young age of the drivers 1.1.4. Poor health, often sleepy, stc. 1.1.5.Use drugs, drunk, stay late ninght, etc. 2.1.1. Type/specification, the machine capacity [cc] is too low/big. 2.1. The perfor-mance of The size, performance, Horse Power, and tortion of machine are not the car is not good suitable. 2.1.2. Incomplete (reduced) Safety tools. 2.1.3. The car maintenance is not according to the rule/book. 2.1.4. The car components are broken quickly/ have been too old, lost. 2.1.5. Poor ergonomy of the vehicle. 2.1.6. Unsuitable type of fuel. 2.1.7. Vehicle modification breaches the rule. 3.1. Many traffic obstacles 3.1.1. Volume/Traffic. The traffic frequency is too high. 3.1.2. Traffic signs are incomplete, old, and not maintained. 3.1.3. There are criminal actions on the street. 3.1.4. There are obstacles of weather, flooded and bogged down roads and bridges, landslide, etc. 3.1.5. There are possibilities of accident because of other drivers’ action. 3.1.6. Carrying overweight/excessive cargo 3.1.7. Facing other drivers who are frivol, agressive, impolite, etc. 3.1.8. Poor law and rule, and ethic enforcement. 4.1.1. Law and regulations which are not suitable with recent need. 4.1.Transport Management which is not optimal 4.1.2. Transport mode/type of vehicle and road infrastructures are not suitable with plan & need. 4.1.3. Parking management and area are not optimal and not wellregulated. 4.1.4. There are still no guidance, books, and comprehensive socialization of good driving on the street.

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Graphic 1. Risk Mapping of Car Drivers Based on the Category of Human Resources, Car, Operation, and Method


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Suggestions: 1. Many parties should pay full attention to the car drivers: a. The government who are the executive having duties of planning, developing, and supervising. b. The regulators: the police and the Parliament (DPR). c. The law enforcers (especially the police). d. Public, educators, university, research institute, transportation community. 2. Shift the risks to the third party, for example car insurance, accident insurance, health insurance, natural disaster insurance, etc. 3. Establish an organization/working unit comprising the government and private who handle the risk management of traffic.

Bibliography Adhelia O. B, 2011. Jurnal Analisis Risiko Operasional Pada PT. Karisma Teknika Citeurep Bogor, Bogor, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bramantyo Djohanputro, 2013. Manajemen Risiko Korporat Terintegrasi. Jakarta. Penerbit PPM. David P Doane & Lori E Seward, 2008. Essential Statistics in Business and Economics, New York, McGraw Hill International. Ferry N. Idroes, 2011. Manajemen Risiko Perbankan. Jakarta. Rajawali Pers. Herman Darmawi, 2010. Manajemen Risiko. Padang. Penerbit Bumi Aksara. J Supranto, 2006. Statistik, Teori dan Aplikasi. Jakarta. Penerbit Erlangga. Kasidi, 2010. Manajemen Risiko. Semarang. Ghalia Indonesia. 226


Risk Management Analysis on The Car Drivers in Indonesia

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