ABSTRAK Analisis yang dilakukan pada saluran terbuka lebih sulit dibandingkan analisis yang dilakukan pada aliran dalam saluran tertutup dan pada umumnya analisis pada saluran terbuka menggunakan persamaan-persamaan empiris. Hal tersebut dilakukan karena analisis aliran pada saluran terbuka memiliki banyak variabel yang berubah-ubah dan tidak teratur terhadap ruang dan waktu. Variabel-variabel tersebut antara lain penampang saluran, kekasaran pemukaan permukaan saluran, kemiringan saluran, debit aliran, kecepatan aliran, pertemuan saluran (junction), dan sebagainya. Aplikasi Perhitungan Kedalaman Air Normal dan Kedalaman Air Kritis berbahasa java perlu dibuat untuk membantu mempermudah dalam melakukan perhitungan dan menentukan dimensi saluran yang akan digunakan. Kata kunci: saluran, aliran, saluran terbuka, saluran tertutup, hidrostatik, hidraulika.
vii Universitas Kristen Maranatha
ABSTRACT Analysis conducted in an open channel is more difficult than the analysis performed on the flow in the channel is closed and in general analysis of the open channel using empirical equations. This is done because the open channel flow analysis has many variables changing and irregular in space and time. These variables include a cross section of the channel, the surface roughness of the channel surface, the slope of the channel, flow rate, flow velocity, channel assembly (junction), and so on. Calculation of Normal Depth of Water Application and Critical Water Depth java language needs to be created to help facilitate the calculation and determine the dimensions of the channel to be used. Keywords: channel, flow, open channels, closed channels, hydrostatic, hidraulica.
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DAFTAR ISI LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ...................................................................................... PERNYATAAN PUBLIKASI LAPORAN PENELITIAN ........................................ PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS LAPORAN PENELITIAN .................................. PRAKATA ................................................................................................................ ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................... ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................ DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................ DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................... DAFTAR NOTASI .................................................................................................... DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..............................................................................................
ii iii iv v vii viii ix xii xiv xv xvi
BAB I 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................. Latar Belakang ...................................................................................... Rumusan Masalah ................................................................................ Tujuan Pembahasan ............................................................................. Ruang Lingkup Kajian ........................................................................... Sumber Data ......................................................................................... Sistematika Penyajian ...........................................................................
1 1 2 2 2 2 3
BAB II 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.15.1 2.15.2 2.15.3 2.15.4 2.16
KAJIAN TEORI .................................................................................... Hidraulika............................................................................................... Aliran Seragam...................................................................................... Geometri Saluran ................................................................................. Unsur-Unsur Geometrik Penampang Saluran ...................................... Aliran Saluran Terbuka ......................................................................... Kecepatan Berdasarkan Debit .............................................................. Metoda Manning.................................................................................... Metoda Chezy ....................................................................................... Kriteria Aliran Dalam Keadaan Kritis .................................................... Contoh Perhitungan Trapesium ........................................................... Unified Modeling Language (UML) ....................................................... Use Case Diagram ................................................................................ Activity Diagram ................................................................................... Class Diagram ...................................................................................... Entitiy Relationship Diagram (ERD)...................................................... Entitas .................................................................................................... Relasi ..................................................................................................... Atribut .................................................................................................... Relasional Basis Data ........................................................................... Java .......................................................................................................
4 4 5 5 6 8 9 9 10 10 11 20 23 24 26 28 28 29 30 32 34
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BAB III 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.6.1 3.6.2 3.7 3.7.1 3.7.2 3.8 3.8.1 3.8.2 3.9 3.9.1 3.9.2 3.10 3.10.1 3.10.2 3.11 3.11.1 3.11.2 3.12 3.12.1 3.12.2 3.13 3.13.1 3.13.2 3.14 3.14.1 3.14.2 3.15 3.15.1 3.15.2 3.16 3.16.1 3.16.2 3.17 3.18
ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM ........................................ Proses Bisnis ......................................................................................... Entity Relationship Diagram.................................................................. Flowchart ............................................................................................... Entity Relationship Table ...................................................................... Use Case ............................................................................................... Membuat data Project ........................................................................... Scenario Use Case membuat Project baru .......................................... Activity Diagram Membuat Project Baru ............................................... Menampilkan data Project .................................................................... Scenario Use Case menampilkan data Project .................................... Activity Diagram Menampilkan Project ................................................ Mengedit data Project ........................................................................... Scenario Use Case mengedit data Project........................................... Activity Diagram Mengedit Project ........................................................ Menghapus data Project ....................................................................... Scenario Use Case menghapus data Project....................................... Activity Diagram menghapus data Project............................................ Menyimpan data Project ....................................................................... Scenario Use Case menyimpan data Project ....................................... Activity Diagram menyimpan data Project ............................................ Membuat data Perencana baru ............................................................ Scenario Use Case membuat data Perencana Baru ........................... Activity Diagram membuat data Perencana Baru ................................ Mengedit data Perencana ..................................................................... Scenario Use Case Mengedit data Perencana .................................... Activity Diagram menampilkan data Perencana................................... Menyimpan data Perencana ................................................................. Scenario Use Case Menyimpan data Perencana ................................ Activity Diagram Menyimpan data Perencana ..................................... Membuat data Segmen ......................................................................... Scenario Use Case Membuat data Segmen Baru ............................... Activity Diagram Membuat data Segmen Baru .................................... Mengedit data Segmen ......................................................................... Scenario Use Case Mengedit data Segmen ........................................ Activity Diagram Mengedit data Segmen ............................................. Melihat Preview Hasil ............................................................................ Scenario Use Case Melihat Preview Hasil ........................................... Activity Diagram Melihat Preview Hasil ................................................ Class Diagram ....................................................................................... User Interface Aplikasi ..........................................................................
37 37 38 39 42 43 44 44 45 46 46 47 48 48 49 50 50 51 52 52 53 54 54 55 56 56 57 58 58 59 60 60 61 62 62 63 64 64 64 65 66
BAB IV 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.2 4.2.1
HASIL PENELITIAN ........................................................................... Data Aplikasi ......................................................................................... Data Project ........................................................................................... Data Perencana .................................................................................... Data Segmen ........................................................................................ Implementasi Aplikasi ........................................................................... Implementasi User Interface .................................................................
74 74 74 74 72 74 74
BAB V 5.1 5.2
PEMBAHASAN DAN UJI COBA PENELITIAN ................................. 84 Pembahasan ......................................................................................... 84 Uji Coba Hasil Penelitian....................................................................... 84 x Universitas Kristen Maranatha
BAB VI 6.1 6.2
SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ..................................................................... 87 Simpulan ................................................................................................ 87 Saran ...................................................................................................... 87
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................................... 88
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1 Gambar 2 Gambar 3 Gambar 4 Gambar 5 Gambar 6 Gambar 7 Gambar 8 Gambar 9 Gambar 10 Gambar 11 Gambar 12 Gambar 13 Gambar 14 Gamber 15 Gambar 16 Gambar 17 Gambar 18 Gambar 19 Gambar 20 Gambar 21 Gambar 22 Gambar 23 Gambar 24 Gambar 25 Gambar 26 Gambar 27 Gambar 28 Gambar 29 Gambar 30 Gambar 31 Gambar 32 Gambar 33 Gambar 34 Gambar 35 Gambar 36 Gambar 37 Gambar 38 Gambar 39 Gambar 40 Gambar 41 Gambar 42 Gambar 43 Gambar 44 Gambar 45 Gambar 46 Gambar 47 Gambar 48 Gambar 49 Gambar 50 Gambar 51
Geometri Saluran ............................................................................. Penampang Trapesium .................................................................... Diagram UML.................................................................................... Contoh Class Diagram ..................................................................... Simbol Entitas ................................................................................... Relasi Satu Ke Satu ......................................................................... Relasi Satu Ke Banyak..................................................................... Relasi Banyak Ke Satu..................................................................... Relasi Banyak Ke Banyak ................................................................ Atribut Sederhana............................................................................. Atribut komposit ................................................................................ Atribut Bernilai Tunggal .................................................................... Atribut Bernilai Banyak ..................................................................... Atribut Turunan ................................................................................. Contoh ER-Model relasi satu ke satu .............................................. Contoh ER-Model relasi banyak ke Satu ......................................... Contoh ER-Model Relasi Banyak ke Banyak .................................. Penerjemahan dan Pengeksekusian Program Java ....................... Entity Relationship Diagram ............................................................. Flowchart Metoda Manning .............................................................. Flowchart Metoda Chezy.................................................................. Flowchart Kriteria Aliran Kritis .......................................................... Use Case Diagram ........................................................................... Activity Diagram Membuat Project Baru .......................................... Activity Diagram Menampilkan Project ............................................ Activity Diagram Mengedit Project ................................................... Activity Diagram menghapus data Project ...................................... Activity Diagram menyimpan data Project ..................................... Activity Diagram Membuat Data Perencana Baru ........................... Activity Diagram MengeditData Perencana ..................................... Activity Diagram menyimpan Data Perencana ............................... Activity Diagram Membuat Data Segmen Baru ............................... Activity Diagram Mengedit Data Segmen ........................................ Activity Diagram Menampilkan Preview Hasil.................................. Class Diagram .................................................................................. Tampilan Menu Utama Aplikasi ....................................................... Tampilan Form Data Perencana ...................................................... Tampilan Form Data Project ............................................................ Tampilan Form Untuk Memilih Id Perencana .................................. Tampilan Form Data Segmen .......................................................... Tampilan Form Data Detail Penampang Saluran ............................ Tampilan Form Data Detail Metoda Chezy...................................... Tampilan Form Data Detail Metoda Manning .................................. Tampilan Form Bantuan ................................................................... Tampilan Menu Utama ..................................................................... Tampilan Memasukkan Data Project ............................................... Tampilan Memasukkan Data Id Perencana..................................... Tampilan Data Project Berhasil Disimpan ....................................... Tampilan Memasukan Data Segmen............................................... Tampilan Memasukan Data Perhitungan......................................... Tampilan Hasil Perhitungan Chezy..................................................
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6 11 23 29 29 30 30 31 31 32 32 32 32 33 33 34 34 36 38 39 40 41 43 45 47 49 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 64 65 66 67 68 68 69 70 71 72 73 75 75 76 76 77 78 79
Gambar 52 Gambar 53 Gambar 54 Gambar 55 Gambar 56
Tampilan Hasil Perhitungan Manning .............................................. Tampilan Gambar Penampang Saluran .......................................... Tampilan Gambar Penampang Melintang Chezy............................ Tampilan Gambar Penampang Melintang Manning ........................ Tampilan Mencetak Hasil Perhitungan ............................................
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80 81 81 82 83
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel I Tabel II Tabel III Tabel IV Table V Tabel VI Tabel VII Tabel VIII Tabel IX Tabel X Tabel XI Tabel XII Tabel XIII Tabel XIV
Nilai α .................................................................................................. Nilai Koefisien Manning ...................................................................... Hasil Perhitungan Manual .................................................................. Hasil Perhitungan Secara Aplikasi ..................................................... Simbol-Simbol dan Deskripsi pada Use Case ................................... Simbol-Simbol dan Deskripsi pada Diagram Aktivitas ....................... Indikator .............................................................................................. Tabel Project ....................................................................................... Tabel Perencana................................................................................. Tabel Segmen..................................................................................... Testing Data Project ........................................................................... Testing Data Perencana ..................................................................... Testing Data Segmen ......................................................................... Testing Data Perhitungan ...................................................................
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8 10 20 20 23 26 27 42 42 42 84 85 85 86
DAFTAR NOTASI T A B P R Dc D L Q g m1 m2 Y V S n C ΔH α Yn Yc Vn Vc
Lebar Permukaan Luas Basah Lebar Dasar Keliling Basah Jari – Jari Hidraulik Kedalaman Hidraulik Aliran Kritis Kedalaman Hidraulik Panjang Saluran Debit Percepatan Grafitasi Kemiringan Talut Sebelah Kiri Kemiringan Talut Sebelah Kanan Kedalaman Rata-Rata Aliran Kecepatan Aliran Kemiringan Dasar Saluran Koefisien Manning Koefisien Chezy Kehilangan Energi Koefisien Koriolis Kedalaman Normal Kedalaman Kritis Kecepatan Normal Kecepatan Kritis
(m) (m2) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m3/det) (m/det2)
(m) (m/det)
(m) (m) (m) (m/detik) (m/detik)
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN LAMPIRAN A RIWAYAT HIDUP
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