Abstrak
Penelitian ini berjudul Studi Deskriptif Mengenai Marital Adjustment pada Pasangan dengan Usia Pernikahan Tiga Tahun Pertama dan Keduanya Bekerja di Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran mengenai penyesuaian pernikahan dan informasi mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Populasi penelitian ini adalah 50 pasangan dengan usia pernikahan tiga tahun pertama dan keduanya bekerja di kota Bandung. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah kuesioner oleh peneliti berdasarkan teori Laswell (1987). Validitasnya diuji dengan menggunakan teori Construct Validity yang diujicobakan kepada 50 pasangan dan didapat validitas dengan kiteria tinggi antara 0.488-0.825, sedangkan reliabilitasnya sebesar 0.701 dengan menggunakan metode Alpha Cronbach pada program SPSS 19.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gambaran penyesuaian pernikahan pada pasangan dengan usia pernikahan tiga tahun pertama dan keduanya bekerja di kota Bandung terbagi menjadi 46% pasangan yang berbeda penghayatan, 30% pasangan yang tidak nyaman, dan 24% pasangan yang nyaman. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, bagi individu yang akan menikah dan masing-masing pihak akan tetap bekerja setelah menikah penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pengetahuan untuk menyesuaikan diri ketika telah menikah nanti terutama dalam aspek critical hostility yang sulit dicapai tingkat kenyamanannya dalam pernikahan. Terakhir, kepada konselor perkawinan, penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pertimbangan ketika memberikan gambaran kepada pasangan yang akan atau telah menikah yang keduanya bekerja dengan mencari tahu aspek yang sulit dicapai dari pasangan tersebut. Peneliti juga menyarankan agar dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai aspek trust dan interest-care yang bertolak belakang dengan teori Laswell (1987) pada pasangan yang tidak nyaman.
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Abstract
This research is titled descriptive studies on marital adjustments for couples working in Bandung during their first three years of marriage. The aim of this research is to find a visualization for adjusting the marriage and information about factors that influence it. The research sample comprises 50 couples working in Bandung during their first three years of marriage. The measuring instrument used is questioner based on Laswell Theory (1987). The validity is tested using construct validity of 50 couples and the result is validity on high criteria of 0.488-0.825, while the reliability is 0.701 using the Apha Cronbach method on the SPSS 19.00 program. The results showed that marital adjustments for couples during their first three years of marriage and working in Bandung is that 46% have different feelings, 30% are uncomfortable, and 24% are comfortable. Based on these results, the research can be used to adjust marriages later for couples who will soon marry and continue to work, especially the level of comfort with the critical hostility aspect, which can be hard to accomplish. Lastly, the advice to marriage counselors; this research can be used as a consideration when presenting a visualization to couples who are or will be married and working to resolve a difficult marital aspect. The researcher also advises further research into aspects of trust and interest-care which contradicts with Laswell Theory (1987) on couples who are uncomfortable.
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DAFTAR ISI JUDUL LEMBAR PENGESAHAN................................................................................................. ii LEMBAR PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS LAPORAN PENELITIAN.................... iii LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PUBLIKASI LAPORAN PENELITIAN ........................... iv KATA PENGANTAR ......................................................................................................... v ABSTRAK............................................................................................................................ vii ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR ISI ...........................................................................................................................ix DAFTAR BAGAN .................................................................................................................xii DAFTAR TABEL ...................................................................................................................xiii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..........................................................................................................xiv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah .....................................................................................................1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah ...........................................................................................................13 1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian ...........................................................................................13 1.3.1 Maksud Penelitian ....................................................................................................13 1.3.2 TujuanPenelitian ......................................................................................................13 1.4 Kegunaan Penelitian ...........................................................................................................13 1.4.1 Kegunaan Teoritis ....................................................................................................13 1.4.2 Kegunaan Praktis .....................................................................................................14 1.5 Kerangka Pikir....................................................................................................................14 1.6 Asumsi Penelitian ...............................................................................................................22
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BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Pernikahan ..........................................................................................................................23 2.2 Tugas Perkembangan .........................................................................................................23 2.2.1 Tugas Perkembangan Sebagai Suami ......................................................................24 2.2.2 Tugas Perkembangan Sebagai Istri ..........................................................................24 2.2.3 Tugas Perkembangan Komplementari dan Conflicting ...........................................24 2.2.4 Tugas Perkembangan Keluarga dari Pasangan Menikah........... ..............................24 2.3 Marital Adjustment .............................................................................................................25 2.3.1 Marital Adjustment Scale .........................................................................................28 2.3.2 Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penyesuaian Pernikahan .................................29 2.4 Masa Dewasa......................................................................................................................31 2.4.1 Masa Dewasa Awal ..................................................................................................31 2.5 Pasangan Menikah yang Keduanya Bekerja ......................................................................33
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN 3.1 Rancangan Penelitian .........................................................................................................35 3.2 Bagan Rancangan Penelitian ..............................................................................................35 3.3 Variabel Penelitian dan Definisi Operasional ....................................................................36 3.3.1 Variabel Penelitian ...................................................................................................36 3.3.2 Definisi Operasional.................................................................................................36 3.4 Alat ukur .............................................................................................................................37 3.4.1 Jenis Alat Ukur ........................................................................................................38 3.4.2 Data Pribadi dan Data Penunjang ............................................................................40 3.4.3 Validitas dan Reabilitas Alat Ukur ..........................................................................40 3.5 Populasi dan Teknik Penarikan Sampel .............................................................................41
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3.5.1 Populasi Sasaran.......................................................................................................41 3.5.2 Karakteristik Populasi ..............................................................................................41 3.5.3 Teknik Penarikan Sampel ........................................................................................42 3.6 Teknik Analisis Data ..........................................................................................................42
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1 Gambaran Responden ........................................................................................................43 4.2 Hasil Penelitian ..................................................................................................................43 4.2.1 Data Marital adjustment dalam pernikahan ...........................................................43 4.2.2 Gambaran tabulasi silang antara Marital adjustment dengan penghasilan .............44 4.2.3 Gambaran tabulasi silang antara Marital adjustment dengan usia..........................45 4.2.4 Gambaran tabulasi silang antara Marital adjustment dengan budaya ....................45 4.3 Pembahasan ........................................................................................................................46
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Simpulan.............................................................................................................................52 5.2 Saran ...................................................................................................................................53 5.2.1 Saran Teoritis .........................................................................................................53 5.2.2 Saran Praktis ..........................................................................................................53
DAFTAR PUSTAKA .............................................................................................................54 DAFTAR RUJUKAN .............................................................................................................55 LAMPIRAN
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DAFTAR BAGAN
Bagan 1.1
Bagan Kerangka Pikir ..........................................................................................21
Bagan 3.1
Prosedur Penelitian ..............................................................................................35
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.4
Rincian Alat Ukur .................................................................................................37
Tabel 3.4.1 Bobot nilai setiap item ..........................................................................................38 Tabel 3.4.2 Kategori kriteria penilaian .....................................................................................39 Tabel 4.2.1 Gambaran Marital adjustment Pasangan ..............................................................43 Tabel 4.2.2 Tabulasi silang antara Marital adjustment dengan penghasilan ...........................44 Tabel 4.2.3 Tabulasi silang antara Marital adjustment dengan usia ........................................45 Tabel 4.2.4 Tabulasi silang antara Marital adjustment dengan budaya ...................................45
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran I
: Kuesioner Marital Adjustment
Lampiran II
: Kisi – Kisi Alat Ukur Marital Adjustment
Lampiran III : Hasil Validitas dan Reliabilitas Alat Ukur Marital Adjustment Lampiran IV : Hasil Data Marital Adjustment Lampiran V
: Biodata Peneliti
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