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A STUDY OF STYLE-SHIFTING IN MIDODARENI JAVANESE TRADITIONAL WEDDING CEREMONY
A Thesis
By:
Romanus Ary Widhiharsanto 05.80.0008
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMARANG 2010
Perpustakaan Unika
A THESIS ON
A STUDY OF STYLE-SHIFTING IN MIDODARENI JAVANESE TRADITIONAL WEDDING CEREMONY
By: ROMANUS ARY WIDHIHARSANTO Student Number: 05.80.0008
Approved by,
Drs. Y.E. Budiyana, M.A.
June, 2010
Major Sponsor
Heny Hartono, SS, M.Pd. Co-Sponsor
June, 2010
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A thesis defended in front of the board of examiners on June 21 and declared acceptable
BOARD OF EXAMINERS
Name
Signature
Chair Person
: Drs. Y.E. Budiyana, M.A.
……………
Secretary
: Emilia Ninik Aydawati, SP., M.Hum.
……………
Member
: Heny Hartono, SS., M. Pd.
……………
Semarang, June 21, 2010 Faculty of Letters Soegijapranata Catholic University Dean,
Heny Hartono, SS., M.Pd NPP. 058.1.1998.221
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First, I would like to thank the Jesus Christ, the Almighty God and Holy Mary for blessing me so that I could accomplish my thesis. When I meet my desperation, they always help me to get me out of the situation. They show me how to become a responsible man. Since my mommy got sick, Jesus always reminds me to finish this thesis quickly. Thank Jesus for never stopping blessing and encourages me. Secondly, I would like to thank both of my beloved lecturers, to Drs. Y E. Budiyana, MA and Mrs. Heny Hartono SS. M.Pd. They are the greatest lecturers in this world. No one can doubt it. With great patience and unstoppable support, they helped me with my thesis. Without their advices and support, I can not imagine what I am going to do because I almost surrendered in finishing this thesis. Morever, I would like to thank Mr. Antonius Kurniawan B.S, SE and Mrs. Esther Very Indrasari, SE and also Mr. Antonius Setiyoko and Mrs. Theresia Yossy Christina for letting me borrow their wedding ceremony CDs. Without those data, I would not finish my thesis. God bless you all. I would like to ask for a big apology to my parents for not being able to keep my promises to graduate at the right time. It takes more than one year to finish my thesis. But right now proudly I want to say to you, I can make you smile and proud of me now. “Thank you, Mom and Dad, you keep encouraging and burning me with your advice”.
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Also, I would like to thank my lovely friends. We are chaos community, class of 2005 of Faculty of Letters. Guys, you make me like this. You make me realize how this life is so hard to face it alone. You always accompany me and make me smile. Sometimes you do it with the wrong way, but who cares. Now I finish one of my jobs and duties in this life. I do hope you can finish the thesis very soon. For Wendy, Ferry, Hanna, Icha, Leo, Patiem, Devi, Cebe, Gendut, and Sapta, thank you for the time, there are so many memories that have happened with you all. I will always remember you all as part of my life. Thank you very much my lovely friends. Last but not least, thanks to my sister in USA. Thank you so much for the advice to keep me patiently finishing the thesis.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEGEMENT
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
iii
ABSTRACT
vi
ABSTRAK
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1
Background of the Study
1
1.2
Field of the Study
3
1.3
Scope of the Study
3
1.4
Research Questions
4
1.5
Objectives of the Study
4
1.6
Significance of the Study
5
1.7
Definition of Terms
5
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
7
2.1
Previous Study
7
2.2
Language and Society
8
2.3
Varieties of Language
10
2.4
Diglossia
13
2.5
Style-shifting
15
2.6
The Javanese Language
18
2.6.1
Ngoko
20
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2.6.1.1 Ngoko Lugu
20
2.6.1.2 Ngoko Alus
21
2.6.2
Krama
22
2.6.2.1 Krama Limrah
22
2.6.2.1 Krama Alus
24
CHAPTER III
26
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1
Research Method
26
3.2
Participants
26
3.3
Material
26
3.4
Procedure of Collecting and Analyzing Data
26
CHAPTER IV
DATA ANALYSIS
4.1
Style-shifting in Midodareni Javanese Traditional Wedding Ceremony
4.2
Kinds of Style-Shifting in Midodareni Javanese Traditional Wedding
28 29
Ceremony
40
4.2.1
Metaphorical Style-Shifting
40
4.2.2
Intrasentential Style-Shifting
41
4.2.3
Situational Style-Shifting
42
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
43
5.1
Conclusion
43
5.2
Suggestion
45
Bibliography
46
Appendices
1
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1.
Figure 2 Table of Transcription Key
2
2.
Figure 3 Table of Total Data of the Categorization of Style-shifting
4
3.
Figure 4 Table of Style-Shifting
5
4.
Figure 5 Table of Metaphorical Style-shifting
7
5.
Transcription of Data #1
8
6.
Transcription of Data #2
12
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ABSTRACT
There are several languages like Javanese and Greek, within which there are choices of varieties. In other words, there are two distinct varieties of the same language used in the community, with one regarded as a high (or H) variety and the other a low (or L) variety (Holmes, 1992; 27). In the writer’s environment, there is a traditional language that contains two codes. It is called Javanese language. In this study the writer wants to reveal that there is a situation that people can switch from high level to lower vice versa. The writer chooses Midodareni in the Javanese traditional wedding ceremony as the data to be analyzed. The writer analyzed the data based on Saville-Troike’s theory. The objectives of this study are to further see the application of style-shifting in Midodareni Javanese wedding ceremony. The writer finds that there are 23 parts of the conversation in the Midodareni showing people shifting in the Javanese language. In addition, the writer found that there is phenomena that people are affected by the tradition that they have to humble themselves and give more respect and honor to the hearer, although the hearer is younger than the speaker.
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ABSTRAK
Ada beberapa bahasa seperti bahasa Jawa dan bahasa Yunani yang memiliki pilihan variasi. Dengan kata lain, terdapat dua variasi kode yang berbeda dari satu bahasa yang sama yang dipakai dalam komunitas, yang ditandai dengan satu kode dianggap sebagai kode tinggi (H) dan yang lain sebagai variasi rendah (L). Di lingkungan sekitar penulis terdapat sebuah bahasa tradisional yang memiliki dua kode. Bahasa tradisional itu dinamakan bahasa Jawa. Di dalam studi ini penulis ingin menyingkap bahwa terdapat sebuah situasi di mana orang dapat mengubah, dalam hal ini disebut beralih, dari tingkatan yang tinggi ke tingkatan yang lebih rendah dan sebaliknya. Penulis memilih midodareni dalam upacara pernikahan adat Jawa sebagai data yang akan dianalisa. Penulis menganalisa data bersadarkan teori Saville-Troike. Tujuan dari penulisan studi ini ialah untuk melihat lebih lanjut aplikasi dari pengalihan style di upacara perkawinan tradisional Jawa Midodareni. Pada akhirnya, terdapat 23 bagian dari percakapan di midodareni yang menunjukan bahwa orang beralih kode dalam bahasa Jawa. Ditambah lagi, penulis menemukan bahwa ada sebuah fenomena di mana orang dipengaruhi oleh sebuah tradisi yang mengatakan bahwa orang harus merendahkan dirinya dan lebih menghargai dan menghormati lawan bicara, walaupun mungkin lawan bicara berusia lebih muda.
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