A Preliminary Bibliography of Ethnobotanical Research in West Papua* (Indonesia), Part I: Publications (Version 4, June 2014)

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A Preliminary Bibliography of Ethnobotanical Research in West Papua* (Indonesia), Part I: Publications 2000-2013 (Version 4, June 2014) Robin Hide [Visiting Fellow, Anthropology, CAP, The Australian National University. Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia] Email: [email protected]

*‘West Papua’ here refers to the whole of western New Guinea – that is, the two Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua. Note: This Version (#4) replaces #3 (April 2014): it includes a further 34 references. Part II covers the period 1963-1999, and Part III publications before 1963. The bibliography is a work-in-progress draft only, and any corrections, suggestions or additions would be most welcome. Ethnobotany is understood here to include material on human knowledge and use of plants. I have excluded specifically technical works on modern agriculture and forestry unless they include relevant ‘ethnobotanical’ information. For Indonesian language titles without English translations, I have included very rough (Google Translate, edited) English versions in square brackets […]. I am grateful to many for sharing information and copies of papers, in particular Terry Hays, Freddy Pattiselanno, Manuel Boissière, Mike Cookson, Chris Ballard, Reinnard Cabuy, Carolyn Cook, Andi Mukhsia, Leslie Butt, Andrew McDonald, Wim Vink, Anton Ploeg, Sangeeta Mangubhai, Verena Agustini, Konstantina Kameubun, Wahyudi. N.B. Many of the theses and some of the journal articles from West Papua listed here are not available internationally and have not been viewed personally.

Abbas, B., Bintoro, M.H., Sudarsono, Memen, S., and Ehara, H. 2008. Keragaman Genetik Tanaman sagu Di Indonesia Berdasarkan Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) Genom Inti. [The genetic diversity of Sago in Indonesia based on simple sequence repeats (SSR) Genome Core]. Agrotek, 1(3). Abbas, B., Renwarin, Y., Bintoro, M.H., Sudarsono, Surahman, M., and Ehara, H. 2010. Genetic diversity of sago palm in Indonesia based on chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) markers. Biodiversitas 11(3), 112-117. Abbas, B., Listyorini, F.H., and Martanto, E.A. 2011. Karakteristik Jamur Sagu (Volvariella sp.) Endemik Papua. [Characteristics of Sago Mushroom (Volvariella sp.) endemic to Papua]. Jurnal Natur Indonesia 13(2), 168-173. Abidondifu, Y.D. 2007. Pengetahuan lokal tentang Pemanfaatan Vegetasi mangrove Oleh Suku Mandender di Kampung Duai Distrik Numfor Timur. [Local knowledge about the use of mangrove vegetation by Mandender people in Duai village, East Numfor District]. Undergraduate Diploma Thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Abidondifu, Y.D., Mahmud, and Nugroho, B. 2007. Pengetahuan Lokal Suku Mandender dalam Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Mangrove di Kampung Duai Biak Numfor. [Indigenous knowledge of Mandender people in using mangrove plants in Duai village of Biak Numfor]. Beccariana, 9(1), 5-17.

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Aduari, D. 2012. Karakteristik Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Pencari Masoi (Cryptocaria spp.) Di Distrik Yaur Kabupaten Nabire. [Socioeconomic Characteristics of People Finder Masoi (Cryptocaria spp.) In Yaur District, Nabire Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Aibekob, H.H. 2002. Pemanfaatan tumbuhan sebagai obat tradisional pada masyarakat suku Biak di desa Duai Kecamatan Numfor Timur kabupaten Biak. [The use of traditional herbal medicine in Biak culture in Duai village, East Numfor SubDistrict, Biak Regency]. Thesis, Manokwari, Fapertek Unipa. Aji, C.A. 2000. Pengetahuan lokal pembuatan perahu tradisional oleh Suku Biak di Kecamatan Warsa Kabupaten Biak Numfor. [Local knowledge of traditional boat building by the Biak tribe in Warsa District, Biak Numfor Regency]. Undergraduate Diploma thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Alhamid, H. 2004. Forests for the people? : indigenous forest management under decentralisation : a case study of the Rendani Protection Forest, Papua, Indonesia. PhD thesis, The Australian National University, xvii, 377 p. Ameng, B.G.N. 2006. Produktifitas dan Laju Dekomposisi Seresah Daun Arwob (Dodonae viscose, L. Jacq) serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Kesuburan Tanah. [The productivity and rate of leaf litter decomposition of Arwob (Dodonae viscose, L. Jacq) and its effect on soil fertility]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Anapi, A. 2005. Pemanfaatan tumbuhan hutan sebagai obat tradisional oleh masyarakat suku Wandamen di pulau Yoop kabupaten Teluk Wondama. [The use of forest plants as traditional medicines by tribal communities on Yoop Wandamen Island, Wondama Bay Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Anastasia 2007. Efektivitas Zodia (Evodia Suaveolens) Sebagai Penghalau Nyamuk Culex [The effectiveness of Zodia (Evodia suaveolens) as a blocker of Culex mosquitoes]. Thesis, Bandung, Universitas Kristen Maranatha. Andarek, E. 2008. Pemanfaatan jenis kayu sebagai bahan baku pembuatan petrahu tradisional oleh masyarakat kampung yensner distrik Waigeo timur kabupaten Raja Ampat. [The use of wood as a raw material for making traditional boats by Yensner villagers, East Waigeo District, Raja Ampat Regency]. Undergraduate Diploma Thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Anon 2000. Abstracts from the Biological Society of New Guinea: Annual Meeting held at Universitas Cenderawasih Jayapura Campus, Indonesia, September, 1999. Science in New Guinea, 25(1,2,3), 116-122. Argent, G. 2001. Contributions to the flora of Mount Jaya. VI. A new banana species, Musa johnsii (Musaceae) from New Guinea. The Gardens' Bulletin, Singapore, 53, 1–7. Argent, G. 2010. A New Species of Wild Banana Musa arfakiana (Musaceae) from Papua (Formerly Irian Jaya) of Indonesia. The Gardens' Bulletin, Singapore, 61(2), 243-248.

3 Arief, A.J., Darnaedi, D., Keim, A.P., and Purwanto, Y. 2007. Keanekaragaman flora pandan (Pandanaceae) di Pulau Waigeo, Kepulauan Raja Ampat, Propinsi Papua Barat [Diversity of Pandanus flora (Pandanaceae) in Waigeo Island, Raja Ampat Islands, West Papua Province]. In: Laporan Teknik Pusat Penelitian Biologi - LIPI : Daftar Isian Pelaksanaan Anggaran (DIPA) Tahun Anggaran 2007 (Buku 1), pp. 162-189. Arief, A.J., Purwanto, Y., and Susiarti, S. 2007. Pengetahuan etnoekologi masyarakat di Teluk Manyailibit, Pulau Waigeo, Kabupaten Raja Ampat, Papua Barat [Ethnoecological knowledge in the Gulf Manyailibit society, Waigeo Island, Raja Ampat, West Papua]. In: Laporan Teknik Pusat Penelitian Biologi - LIPI : Daftar Isian Pelaksanaan Anggaran (DIPA) Tahun Anggaran 2007 (Buku 1), pp. 258-277. Arobaya, A.A.Y.S. and Pattiselanno, F. 2011. How useful plants to the indigenous community at the Mamberamo, Papua Indonesia? http://fpattiselanno.wordpress.com/2011/06/13/how-usefulplants-to-the-indigenous-community-at-the-mamberamo-papua-indonesia/ (accessed 19 April 2014) Arobaya, A.Y.S. and Pattiselanno, F. 2007. Ethnobotany of Dasigo Tribe of Mamberamo in Papua Etnobotani Suku Dasigo di Mamberamo, Papua. Beccariana 9(1), 1-4. Arobaya, A.Y.S. and Pattiselanno, F. 2007. Jenis Tanaman Berguna Bagi Suku Dani di Lembah Baliem, Papua. [The Useful Plants of Dani Ethnic Groups in the Baliem Valley of Papua]. Biota, XII (3), 192-95. Arobaya, A.Y.S. and Pattiselanno, F. 2010. Potensi Mangrove dan Manfaatnya Bagi Kelompok Etnik di Papua. [The Potential of Mangrove and Its Benefit to the Ethnic Groups in Papua]. Biota, 15(3). Aronggear, A.B. 2011. Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu (HHBK) Nabati Sebagai Bahan Makanan Oleh Masyarakat Kampung Papuma dan Natabui di Distrik Yapen Barat Kabupaten Kepulauan Yapen. [Use of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) for vegetable foods by the people of Papuma and Natabui villages, West Yapen District, Yapen Islands Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Ashari, M. 2000. Pemanfaatan tumbuhan sebagai obat tradisional pada masyarakat suku Moskona di desa Merdey kecamatan Merdey kabupaten Manokwari. [The use of plants for traditional medicine in Moskona tribal community in Merdey village, Merdey Distfict, Manokwari Regency]. Skripsi Sarjana Kehutanan [Forestry Undergraduate Thesis], Manokwari, Faperta Uncen. Asmarayani, R. and Sujadi, A. 2007. Keanekaragaman sirih (Piper spp.) di distrik Teluk Mayalibit, Pulau Waigeo, Raja Ampat. [Diversity of betel (Piper spp.) in the Mayalibit Gulf District, Waigeo Island, Raja Ampat]. In: Laporan Teknik Daftar Isian Pelaksanaan Anggaran 2007, Buku 3. Bogor, Pusat Penelitian Biologi - LIPI, 1209 - 1217. Asmuruf, M. 2013. Keragaman Morfologi dan Anatomi Pandanaceae di Wasior Kabupaten Teluk Wondama. [Diversity in morphology and anatomy of Pandanaceae in Wasior, Wondama Bay Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Asmuruf, S.S. 2006. Teknik Memproduksi Nira Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) Secara Tradisional Oleh Suku Maibrat Di Kampung Gaya Baru, Bintuni. [Traditional productive techniques for Nira Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) used by the Maibrat tribe in Gaya Baru village, Bintuni]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua.

4 Astirin, O.P., Harini, M., and Handajani, N.S. 2009. The effect of crude extract of Pandanus conoideus Lamb. var. Yellow Fruit on apoptotic expression of the Breast Cancer Cell Line (T47D). Biodiversitas, 10(1), 44-48. Atbar, E.S. 2007. Tumbuhan Jamur Yang Dimanfaatkan Sebagai Bahan Makanan Oleh Masyarakat Di Distrik Manokwari. [Edible mushroom species in Manokwari District]. Undergraduate Diploma Thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Atbar, E.S., Kilmaskossu, M.S.E., and Fatem, S.M. 2007. Pemanfaatan Jamur sebagai Bahan Makanan oleh Masyarakat Manokwari. [Mushrooms used as food by people in Manokwari]. Beccariana, 9(2), 67-72. Auri, Y.F.A. 2009. Analisis Vegetasi Mangrove dan Pemanfaatannya oleh Masyarakat Kampung Isenebuai Distrik Rumberpon Kabupaten Teluk Wondama. [Analysis of mangrove vegetation and use by the people of Isenebuai village, Rumberpon District, Wondama Bay Regency]. Undergraduate Diploma thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Awandoi, I.D. 2005. Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Secara Tradisional oleh Masyarakat Asli pulau Roon Kabupaten Teluk Wondama. [The traditional use of plants by the Indigenous people of Roon Island, Wondama Bay Regency], Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Ayatanoi, A.R. 2007. Pemanfaatan Vegetasi Mangrove Oleh Masyarakat sekitar Telaga Wasti Sowi IV Kabupaten Manokwari. [The use of mangrove vegetation by people around Lake Vashti Sowi IV, Manokwari Regency]. Undergraduate Diploma Thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Ayomi, M. 2012. Jenis–Jenis Kayu yang Dimanfaatkan Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Perahu Tradisional oleh Masyarakat Kampung Ambumi Kabupaten Teluk Wondama. [The types of wood used for raw materials by traditional boat builders in Ambumi vilage, Wondama Bay Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Azis, S. 2011. Intensitas Pemanfaatan Kayu Badengan (Spathiostemon javensis Blume) Oleh Masyarakat Di Sekitar Hutan Pendidikan Anggori. [The intensity of harvesting the timber of Badengan (Spathiostemon javensis Blume) by people around the Anggori Research Forest]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Baker, W.J., and Dransfield, J., (with line drawings by Patricia K.R. Davies, Soejatmi Dransfield and Lucy T. Smith). 2006. Field Guide to the Palms of New Guinea. Richmond, Surrey, Kew Publishing, 108 p. Banka, R., Barfod, A., and Dowe, J.L. 2001. Field Guide to Palms in Papua New Guinea - with a multi-access key and notes on the genera. AAU Reports, 40. Aarhus, Aarhus University Press, 79 p. Barden, A., Anak, N.A., Mulliken, T., and Song, M. 2000. Heart of the matter: agarwood use and trade and CITES implementation for Aquilaria malaccensis, TRAFFIC Network. www.traffic.org/forestry-reports/traffic_pub_forestry7.pdf (accessed 19 April 2014) Barfod, A.S. 2000. A New Species of Licuala from New Guinea. Palms, 44(4), 198-201.

5 Basna, N. 2006. Jenis-jenis Kayu Yang Dimanfaatkan Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Perahu Tradisional (Wiak) Oleh Masyarakat Suku Maibrat DiSekitar Danau Ayamaru Kabupaten Sorong Selatan. [Types of wood used as raw materials in building traditional boats (Wiak) by Maibrat people around Lake Ayamaru, South Sorong Regency]. Undergraduate thesis [Thesis As One Of The Requirements to Obtain A Bachelor of Forestry in Faculty of Forestry, University of Papua], Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Benu, N.M.H. 2013. Eksplorasi Jenis Tumbuhan Bergetah Merah Pada Kawasan Hutan Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Meja, Kabupaten Manokwari, Provinsi Papua Barat. [Survey of plants at Red Sap Forest Area, Table Mountain Nature Park, Manokwari Regency, West Papua Province]. Masters thesis, Universitas Negeri Papua. Bless, J. 2011. Keragaman jenis rotan pada areal hutan distrik Ayamaru kabupaten Maybrat provinsi Papua Barat. [Rattan diversity in the forest area of Ayamaru District, Maybrat Regency, West Papua Province]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Boissière, M. 2002. The impact of drought and humanitarian aid on a Yali village in West Papua, Indonesia. Asia Pacific Viewpoint, 43(3), 293-309. Boissière, M. 2004. Techniques et pratiques de la chasse chez les Yali d'Irian Jaya (Papua). Journal of Tropical Ethnobiology, 1(1), 44-66. Boissière, M. 2009. How does migration affect ethnobotanical knowledge and social organisation in a West Papuan village? In: Heckler, S. ed. Landscape, Process and Power: Re-evaluating Traditional Environmental Knowledge. New York/Oxford, Berghahn Books, pp.183-204. Boissière, M., Heist, M.v., Sheil, D., Basuki, I., Frazier, S., Ginting, U., Wan, M., Hariadi, B., Hariyadi, H., Kristianto, H.D., Bemei, J., Haruway, R., Mahasiswa, E.R.C.M., H.Koibur, D.P., Watopa, Y., Rachman, I., and Liswanti, N. 2005. Pentingnya Sumberdaya Alam bagi Masyarakat Lokal di Daerah Aliran Sungai Mamberamo, Papua, dan Implikasinya bagi Konservasi. [Importance of Natural Resources for Local Communities in the Mamberamo River Basin, Papua, and Implications for Conservation]. Journal of Tropical Ethnobiology, 1(2), 76-95. Boissière, M. and Sassen, M. 2007. Mesurer l’importance de la biodiversité pour les sociétés forestières des pays du Sud. Une méthode d’investigation pluridisciplinaire. Natures Sciences Sociétés, 15(1), 23-32. Boissière, M., Liswanti, N., Padmanaba, M., Sheil, D., (With help from: Ismail A. Rachman, M.A.S., Meilinda Wan,, and Yoseph Watopa, H.Y., Yance Bemei, Untung Ginting and Yafeth Watori) 2007. People priorities and perceptions: Towards conservation partnership in Mamberamo. SMK Grafika Desa Putera, Indonesia, Center for International Forestry Research. Boissière, M., Sassen, M., Sheil, D., Heist, M.V., Jong, W.D., Cunliffe, R., Wan, M., Padmanaba, M., Liswanti, N., Basuki, I., Evans, K., Cronkleton, P., Lynam, T., Koponen, P., and Bairaktari, C. 2010. Researching local perspectives on biodiversity in tropical landscapes: Lessons from ten case studies. In: Lawrence, A.B. ed. Taking stock of nature: participatory biodiversity assessment for policy planning and practice. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press, pp. 113-141. Bolly, D.H. 2006. Karakterisasi Jenis Bambu dan Pemanfaatannya Oleh Masyarakan Kampung Dembek Distrik Momi Kabupaten Manokwari. [Characterization and use of Bamboo by the people of Dembek village, Momi District, Manokwari Regency]. Undergraduate thesis. Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua.

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Boma, A. 2008. Pemanfaatan Jenis-jenis Bambu Oleh Masyarakat Kampung Ayambori Pada Kawasan Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Meja Kabupaten Manokwari. [The use of types of Bamboo by the people of Ayambori village in the area of Table Mountain Nature Park, Manokwari Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Bonay, Y.M.M. 2013. Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Obat Tradisional Masyarakat Oleh Masyarakat Suku Klabra Di Kampung Buk Distrik Klabot Kabupaten Sorong. [Use of plants in traditional medicine by Klabra people in Buk village, Klabot District, Sorong Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Bondo, A. 2005. Konsumsi Kayu Bakar di Distrik Numfor Barat Kabupaten Biak Numfor. [Firewood consumption in West Numfor District, Biak Numfor Regency]. Undergraduate thesis. Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Boomgaard, P. 2003. In the Shadow of Rice: Roots and Tubers in Indonesian History, 1500-1950. Agricultural History, 77(4), 582-610. Boseren, D. 2007. Tingkat Konsumsi Kayu Bakar Oleh Masyarakat di Kelurahan Amban Distrik Manokwari Barat Kabupaten Manokwari. [The level of firewood consumption in Amban Urban Community, West Manokwari District, Manokwari Regency]. Undergraduate Diploma Thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Brink, M. and Escobin, R.P. ed. 2003. Plant Resources of South-East Asia No. 17: Fibre Plants. Leiden, Backhuys Publishers, 456 p. BRIT 2010. BRIT's Program in New Guinea. http://www.brit.org/explore/newguinea (accessed September 24 2011) Brownson, D., Mabry, T., and Leslie, S. 2002. The cycad neurotoxic amino acid, ss-N-methylaminoL-alanine (BMAA), elevates intracellular calcium levels in dissociated rat brain cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 82(2-3), 159. Budi, M. and Paimin, F.R. 2004 or 5. Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam.). In: Anon., Penebar Swadaya. Jakarta, 3-26, 47-56, 67-68 Bunapa, M. 2010. Kajian ethnobotani Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L) dalam kehidupan masyarakat suku Mee di distrik Unito kabupaten Dogiyai. [An ethnobotanical study of Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L) in the life of the Mee people in Unito District, Dogiyai Regency]. Undergraduate Diploma thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Buntu, E. 2002. Tingkat kesukaan Burung Cenderawasih (Paradisaea sp) terhadap beberapa jenis pakan di Taman Burung dan Taman Anggrek Biak. [The preference of the Bird of Paradise (Paradisaea sp) for different kinds of food in the Bird and Orchid Parks in Biak]. Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Burok, H.G., Tanjung, R.H.R., and Warpur, M. 2009. Domestifikasi Anggrek di Distrik Merauke Kabupaten Merauke–Papua. [Cultivated orchids in Merauke District, Merauke Regency, Papua]. Jurnal Biologi Papua 1(1), 30-35.

7 Cabuy, R.L., Marwa, J., Manusawai, J., and Rahawarin, Y.Y. 2012. Non-woody plant species of Papuan Island forests, a sustainable source of food for the local communities. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 11(4), 586-592. Cabuy, R.L., Marwa, J., and Rahawarin, Y.Y. 2012. Utilization of non timber forest products vegetation as food-stuff sources in Papua, Indonesia. Proc Soc Indon Biodiv Intl Conf 1, 232-236. Cahyono, W.T. and Fatem, S.M. 2006. Pemanfaatan Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) oleh Masyarakat Sowi IV di Manokwari. [The use of Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) by Sowi IV people in Manokwari]. Beccariana, 8(2), 84-88. Cepeda, G.N. 2008. Daya Hambat Akway (Drimys piperita Hook F.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Escherichia coli. [The inhibitory power of Akway (Drimys piperita Hook F.) on the growth of Escherichia coli]. Agrotek, 1(3). Cepeda, G.N., Hutasoit, H., and Abraw, S. 2009. Daya Hambat Minyak Atsiri Kulit Kayu Masoi (Cryptocarya massoia (Oken) Kosterm) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Patogen. [The inhibitory power of the essential oil of Masoi Bark (Cryptocarya massoia (Oken) Kosterm) on the growth of bacterial pathogens]. Agrotek, 1(7). Cepeda, G.N., Santoso, B.B., Lisangan, M.M., and Silamba, I. 2010. Penapisan Fitokimia Akway (Drimys piperita Hook f.). [Phytochemical screening of Akway (Drimys piperita Hook f .)]. Agrotek, 1(8), 28-33. Compton, J.G.S. and Zich, F.A. 2002. Gryrinops ledermannii (Thymelaeaceae), being an agarwoodproducing species prompts call for further examination of taxonomic implications of the generic delimination between Aquilaria and Gyrinops. Flora Malesiana Bulletin, 13(1), 6165. Courtens, I. 2008. Restoring the Balance: Performing Healing in West Papua. Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, 241 Leiden, KITLV Press. Dahruddin, H. and Farida, W.R. 2003. Kondisi Habitat Dan Ketersediaan Tumbuhan Hutan Sebagai Pakan Bagi Kuskus Dan Oposum Layang Di Cagar Alam Biak Utara, Papua. [Habitat conditions and availability of forest plants for feed for Cuscus and Gliders, North Biak Nature Reserve, Papua]. In: Proyek pengkajian dan pemanfaatan sumberdaya hayati: laporan teknik. [Project assessment and utilization of biological resources: technical report], Institusi Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, pp. 87-102. Dahruddin, H., Farida, W.R., and Rohman, A.S. 2005. Jenis-Jenis Tumbuhan Sumber Pakan dan Tempat Bersarang Kuskus (Famili Phalangeridae) di Cagar Alam Biak Utara, Papua [Plant species as food sources and nesting sites of Cuscus (Family Phalangeridae) in Northern Biak Nature Reserve, Papua]. Biodiversitas, 6(4), 253-258. Dampa, D. 2009. Pemanfaatan Tanaman Obat Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Pendapatan Keluarga (Studi Kasus di Kota Manokwari). [Use of medicinal plants in order to improve family income (case study in Manokwari)]. Agrotek, 1(7). Darnaedi, D. 2005. Kebun Biologi Wamena dalam perspektif pengelolaan sumberdaya hayati Papua Judul Terjemahan Pengarang. [The Wamena Biological Gardens in the perspective of biological resource management in Papua]. In: Laporan sarasehan : sepuluh tahun pembangunan Kebun Biologi Wamena, Papua [Workshop Report: ten years of development of the Wamena Biolocal Gardens, Papua], Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, 17-28 p.

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Daturatte, M. 2007. Jenis pakan burung beo di bagian utara kawasan cagar alam pegunungan Cyclop Jayapura. [Types of parrot food in the northern part of the Cyclops Mountain Nature Reserve, Jayapura]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Dedaida, G.K. 2007. Jenis-Jenis Palem Endemik Yang Dimanfaatkan sebagai Tanaman Hias Pada Kawasan Hutan Bariat Manilek Distrik Teminabuan Kabupaten Sorong Selatan. [Types of endemic palm which are used as ornamental plants in the Bariat Manilek Forest Area, Teminabuan District, South Sorong Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. de Fretes, Y., Rachman, I.A., and Wally, E. 2002. Appendix 11. Plant species grown in gardens and used by the Dabra community (Mamberamo Basin), Papua, Indonesia. In: Richards, S.J. and Suryadi, S. ed. A Biodiversity Assessment of Yongsu-Cyclops Mountains and the Southern Mamberamo Basin, Papua. RAP Bulletin of Biological Assessment 25. Washington DC, Conservation International, Washington D.C., 127-128. Degey, S. 2011. Studi Tentang Penggunaan Kayu Pada Rumah Rakyat Di Kampung Unipo Distrik Siriwo Kabupaten Nabire. [Study of the use of wood in houses at Unipo Village, Siriwo District, Nabire Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Delima, F.Y. 2013. Pemanfaatan Pohon aren (Arenga pinnata) Oleh Masyarakat Saukorem Distrik Amberbaken Kabupaten Manokwari, di bawah bimbingan Bapak. [Use of palm trees (Arenga pinnata) by Saukorem Community, Amberbaken District, Manokwari Regency]. BA Forestry Thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. . Desianto, B., Maturbongs, R.A., and Heatubun, C.D. 2002. Biodiversitas Palem pada Bagian Utara Kawasan Cagar Alam Pegunungan Cyclops. [The diversity of palms in the northern Mount Cyclops Nature Reserve]. Beccariana, 4(1), 1-14. de Winter, W. and Amoroso, V.B. ed. 2003. Plant Resources of South-East Asia No. 15(2): Crytogams: Ferns and fern allies. Leiden, Backhuys Publishers, 268 p. Dimara, L. and N.B.Yenusi, T. 2011. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Pigmen Klorofil Rumput Laut Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) J.Agardh [A test for antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Chlorophyll pigment extracted from Seaweed Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskål) J.Agardh]. Jurnal Biologi Papua, 3(2), 53-58. Dimara, P.A. 2008. Indikator Masak Panen Pohon Inang Gaharu Berdasarkan Pengetahuan Lokal Masyarakat di Kabupaten Manokwari. [Indicator of maturity for harvesting Gaharu host tree (Eaglewood) based on the local knowledge of people in Manokwari Regency]. Beccariana, 10(1), 21-26. Dimomonmau, P.A. 2000. Eksplorasi jenis kuskus di Pulau Moor Kecamatan Napan Weinami Kabupaten Nabire. [A survey of the types of Cuscus on Moor Island in Napan Weinami District, Nabire Regency]. Thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Cenderawasih. Djamilgo, N.S.R.B. 2006. Industri Kerajinan Rotan Di Kabupaten Nabire. [Rattan handicraft industry in Nabire Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Djoht, D.R. 2002. Ethnobotany medicine suku Orya. [Ethnobotany of Orya tribal medicine]. Cet. 1. Jayapura, Jurusan Antropologi, Universitas Cenderawasih, v, 162 p.

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Djoht, D.R. 2002. Etnobotani Pisang Suku Karon: Studi tentang Pengetahuan Lokal. [Banana ethnobotany of the Karon Tribe: Studies of Local Knowledge]. Antropologi Papua, 1(2), 33-45. Djoht, D.R. and Mansoben, J.R. 2002. Etnografi Papua : kebudayaan dan kesehatan perspektif antropologi : modul kuliah Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Cenderawasih. [Ethnography Papua: cultural and anthropological perspectives of health: study module Faculty of Medicine, University of Cenderawasih] Djoht, D.R. and Mansoben, J.R. 2004. Ethnography Papua : suatu tinjauan umum. [Papuan Ethnography: an overview]. Jayapura, Jurusan Antropologi, Universitas Cenderawasih, v, 223p. Duwila, R., Sinaga, N.I., and Rahawarin, Y.Y. 2003. Pemanfaatan Jenis-Jenis Kayu Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Perahu Tradisional Oleh Masyarakat Kampung Wariap Distrik Ransiki Kabupaten Manokwari. [The kinds of tree species used for traditional boats by local people in Wariap Village, Ransiki District, Manokwari Regency]. Beccariana, 5(2), 109-116. Edison, H.S., Sutanto, A., Hermanto, C., Lakuy, H., and Rumsarwir, Y. 2002. The Exploration of Musaceae in Irian Jaya (Papua), 11 February-5 March 2002. Montpellier, International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain, 57 p. Ehrlich, C. 1999. The ethnobotany of Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A. Chev.: ‘the Hawaiian ti plant’. PhD thesis, Buffalo, State University of NY Buffalo, 1288 p. Ehrlich, C. 2000. "Inedible" to "edible": firewalking and the Ti plant (Cordyline fruticosa (L.) A.Chev. Journal of the Polynesian Society, 109(4), 371-400. Ellen, R. 2004. The distribution of Metroxylon sagu and the historical diffusion of a complex traditional technology. In: Henley, D. and Boomgaard, P. ed. Smallholders and stockbreeders: history of foodcrop and livestock farming in Southeast Asia. Leiden, KITLV Press (Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 218), 69-106. Erari, D.K. and Ruimassa, R.M.R. 2009. Identifikasi Patogen Penyebab Gaharu di Provinsi Papua. [The identification of pathogens causing Eaglewood in Papua Province]. Agrotek, 1(6). Erari, Y.N. 2005. Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Secara Tradisional Oleh Masyarakat Suku Wate Di Kampung Nifasi Distrik Napan Kabupaten Nabire. [Traditional use of plants by the Wate Tribal Community in Nifase village, Napan District, Nabire Regency]. Undergraduate thesis. Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Faan, J.K. 2011. Indikator Pengembalian Kesuburan Tanah Pada Areal Bekas Perladangan Berpindah Di Kampung Manted Distrik Masni Kabupaten Manokwari. [Indicators of soil fertility recovery under shifting cultivation in Manted Village, Masni District, Manokwari Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Farida, W.R., Latupapua, H.J.D., and Dahruddin, H. 2008. Keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan hutan sebagai sumber pakan dan tempat bersarang, serta pemanfaatan kuskus (Phalanger sp. dan Spilocuscus sp.) di Wamena, kabupaten Jayawijaya, Papua. [The diversity of forest plants as food sources and nesting places and their use by Cuscus (Phalanger sp. and Spilocuscus sp.) in Wamena, Jayawijaya, Papua]. Biosfera, 25, 1-11.

10 Fatem, S., Sawen, D., and Kilmaskossu, M.S.E. 2008. Dry Matter and Organic Value of Cuscus Diet in West Papua. Tigerpaper, 35(2), 17-20. Fatubun, A.F., Wanggai, J., and Sinaga, N.I. 2006. Keragaman Pteridophyta Jenis Reofit di sekitar Kali Wakrek Kampung Marsram dan Kali Wandares Kampung Sorendiweri, Pulau Supiori [Diversity of Reophytic Fern in Wakrek Stream of Marsram Village and Wandares Stream of Sorendiweri Village of Supiori Island]. Beccariana, 8(2), 77-83. Fatubun, H.M. 2003. Jenis tumbuhan berkayu yang dimanfaatkan dalam kehidupan suku Biak di kampung Auki Distrik Padaido Kabupaten Biak Numfor. [Kinds of woody plants used in the village of Auki, Padaido District, Biak Numfor Regency]. Undergraduate Diploma thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Fonataba, A. 2007. Penelitian Potensi Jenis-Jenis Tumbuhan Bahan Baku Komponen Rumah Berlabuh Masyarakat Etnik Ambai Distrik Angkaisera Kabupaten Yapen Waropen. [Research on potential plants for raw material for parts of stilt houses for Ambai people in Angkaisera District, Yapen Waropen Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Frodin, D.G. 2007. Biological Exploration of New Guinea. In: Marshall, A.J. and Beehler, B.M. eds. Ecology of Papua. Singapore, Periplus Editions, 14-107. Go’Ariks, D.M.A. 2010. Pengetahuan Lokal Pembuatan Perahu Oleh Masyarakat Wondama di Kampung Wamesa Maripi Pantai. [Local knowledge of the Wondama boat building community in Wamesa village, Maripi Coast]. Masters thesis Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Grivet, L., Glaszmann, J.-C., and D'Hont, A. 2006. Molecular evidence of sugarcane evolution and domestication. In: Motley, T.J., Zerega, N., and Cross, H. ed. Darwin's Harvest: New Approaches to the Origins, Evolution, and Conservation of Crops. New York, Columbia University Press, 49-66. Gultom, R.P. 2002. Struktur dan komposisi tegakan pada kebun plasma nutfah PT. Dharma Mukti Persada kabupaten Manokwari. [The structure and composition of the stands in the germplasm nursery of PT. Mukti Dharma Persada, Manokwari Regency]. Thesis, Manokwari, Fahutan Unipa. Gunawan, E., Susanti, C.M.E., and Ruimassa, R. 2007. Potensi Ekstrak Kayu Sowang (Xanthosthemon sp.) Sebagai Bahan Pengawet Kayu Alami. [Potential use of Sowang (Xanthosthemon sp.) wood extract as a natural wood preservative]. Beccariana, 9(2), 90-95. Gusbager, P., Sinaga, N.I., and Heatubun, C.D. 2003. Jenis Palem Di Daerah Aliran Sungai Tami Arso – Jayapura. [Palm species in the Tamif Arso River basin, Jayapura District]. Beccariana, 5(2), 82-96. Gwijangge, O. 2007. Karakter Morfologi Pembeda Variasi Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lamk) dan Penamaan Menurut Masyarakat Suku Nduga Distrik Mapenduma Kabupaten Jayawijaya. [Distinguishing morphological variation in the characters of Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lamk) and naming according to the Nduga people, Mapenduma District, Jayawijaya Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Halida, N. 2011. Suksesi sekunder pada areal bekasperladangan berpindah di sekitar kampung Rado Distrik Wasior Kabupaten Teluk Wondama. [Secondary succession in the shifting cultivation area used by Rado village, Wasior District, Wondamo Bay Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua.

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Hamzah, P. 2003. Pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat tradisional oleh masyarakat pulau Mansinam kabupaten Manokwari. [The use of traditional medicinal plants on Mansinam island, Manokwari Regency]. Skripsi sarjana Kehutanan (Forestry Undergraduate Thesis), Manokwari, Fahutan Unipa. Hamzah, P., Kesaulija, E.M., and Rahawarin, Y. 2003. Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Obat Tradisional oleh Masyarakat Pulau Mansinam Kabupaten Manokwari. [The use of plants for traditional medicine by people living on Mansinam Island, Manokwari District]. Beccariana 5(2), 52-60. Hara, B. 2013. Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Sebagai Obat Tradisional Oleh Masyarakat Suku Maybrat di Kampung Sire Distrik Mare Selatan Kabupaten Maybrat. [The use of traditional medicinal plants by Maybrat Tribal Community in Sire village, South Mare District, Maybrat Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Hara, F. 2009. Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Sebagai Obat Tradisional Oleh Masyarakat Suku Maybrat Di Kampung Renis Distrik Mare Kabupaten Sorong Selatan. [The use of raditional medicinal plants by Maybrat Tribal Community in Renis village, Mare district, South Sorong regency]. Undergraduate Diploma Thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Hara, F.L.K., Nunaki, J.H., and Sadsoeitoeboen, M.J. 2009. Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Sebagai Obat Tradisional Oleh Masyarakat Suku Maybrat di Kampung Renis Distrik Mare Kabupaten Sorong Selatan. [The use of plants as traditional medicines by the Maybrat Tribe in Mare District, South Sorong Regency]. Jurnal Natural (Jurnal Ilmiah Fakultas MIPA Universitas Negeri Papua), 8(1). Hariadi, B.Tj. 2004. Tata cara penanaman dan penanganan pasca panen Gembili (Dioscorea sp) oleh suku Kanum di Taman Nasional Wasur Merauke: sebuah tinjauan ethnbotanis.[The procedure for planting and post-harvest handling of Gembili (Dioscorea sp) by the Kanum tribe in Wasur National Park in Merauke: an ethnobotanical review]. In: Karafir, Y.P., Matanubun, H., Soenarto, Abdullah, Y., Nugroho, B., and Tokede, M.J. ed. Prosiding Lokakarya Nasional Pendayagunaan Pangan Spesifik Lokal, Jayapura 2-4 Desember 2003. Kerja Sama Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Kabupaten Jayapura dengan Universitas Negeri Papua. [Proceedings of the National Workshop on Reforms Specific Local Food, Jayapura 2 to 4 December 2003. Cooperation Department of Agriculture and Horticulture Jayapura Papua State University. Jayapura, Papua, Kerjasama Universitas Negeri Papua dan Pemerintah Provinsi Papua, pp. 115-120. Harbelubun, A.E., Kesaulija, E.M., and Rahawarin, Y.Y. 2005. Tumbuhan Pewarna Alami dan Pemanfaatannya secara Tradisional oleh Suku Marori Men-Gey di Taman Nasional Wasur Kabupaten Merauke. [Natural plant dyes and their traditional use by Marori Men-Gey people in Wasur National Park, Merauke Regency]. Biodiversitas, 6(4), 285-288. Hartemink, A.E. 2002. The invasion of Piper aduncum in Papua New Guinea: friend or foe? Flora Malesiana Bulletin, 13(1), 66-68. Haryanto, D., Tanjung, R.H.R., and Kameubun, K.M.B. 2009. Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Obat Masyarakat Marind yang Bermukim di Taman Nasional Wasur, Merauke. [The use of medicinal plamts by Marind people living in Wasur National Park, Merauke]. Jurnal Biologi Papua, 1(2), 58-64. Hastuti, S.D., Tokede, M.J., and Maturbongs, R.A. 2002. Tumbuhan Obat Menurut Etnobotani Suku Biak. [Traditional medicinal plants of the Biak people]. Beccariana, 4(1), 20-40.

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Hays, T.E. 2003. “They Are Beginning to Learn the Use of Tobacco": Cultural Context and the Creation of a Passion in Colonial Papua New Guinea. In: Jankowiak, W. and Bradburd, D. eds. Drugs, labor, and colonial expansion. Tucson, University of Arizona Press, pp. 59-72. Hays, T.E.2005. Vernacular names for staple foods in Irian Jaya: implications for agricultural prehistory. In: Pawley, A., Attenborough, R., Golson, J., and Hide, R. ed. Papuan Pasts: Investigations into the cultural, linguistic and biological history of the Papuan-speaking peoples. Canberra, Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, pp. 625-670. Heatubun, C.D. 2005. Ethnobotany of palms in West New Guinea, In: Sixth International Flora Malesiana Symposium 2004: Programme and Abstracts, Philippines University, Los Baños, College, Laguna (Philippines). p. 39. Heatubun, C.D. 2008. A New Areca from Western New Guinea. Palms, 52(4), 198-202. Heatubun, C.D. and Barfod, A.S. 2008. Two new species of Licuala (Arecaceae; Coryphoideae) from western New Guinea. Blumea - Journal of Plant Taxonomy and Plant Geography, 53(2), 429434. Heatubun, C.D., Baker, W.J., Mogea, J.P., Harley, M.M., Tjitrosoedirdjo, S.S., and Dransfield, J. 2009. A monograph of Cyrtostachys (Arecaceae). Kew Bulletin, 64, 67-94. Heatubun, C.D., Dransfield, J., Flynn, T., Tjitrosoedirdjo, S.S., Mogea, J.P., and Baker, W.J. 2011. A monograph of the betel nut palms (Areca: Arecaceae) of East Malesia. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 168(2), 147–173. Heatubun, C.D., Iwanngin, M.P., and Simbiak, V.I. 2013. A new species of betel nut palm (Areca: Arecaceae) from western New Guinea. Phytotaxa 154 (1): x (2013) www.mapress.com/phytotaxa/, 154(1), 59–64. Hendra, R., Ahmad, S., Sukari, A., Shukor, M.Y., and Oskoueian, E. 2011. Flavonoid Analyses and Antimicrobial Activity of Various Parts of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl Fruit. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 12(6), 3422-3431. Herlina, E., Rumbino, A., and Manusawai, J. 2002. Teknik Pembibitan dan Penanaman Sagu (Metroxylon Sagu Rottb.) oleh Penduduk Desa Air Besar dan Desa Kanantare Kecamatan Fakfak Kabupaten Fakfak. [The propagation and planting of sago by the villagers of Air Besar and Karnante, Fak-Fak District, Fak-Fak Regency]. Beccariana, 4(1), 49-55. Herman, D.L. 2001. Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Sebagai Obat Tradisional oleh Masyarakat di Desa Ambaidiru Kabupaten Yapen Waropen. [The use of traditional medicinal plants by the rural people of Ambaidiru, Yapen Waropen Regency]. Skripsi Sarjana Kehutanan, [Forestry Undergraduate thesis], Manokwari, Faperta Uncen. Hermkens, A.-K. 2007. Gendered objects: Embodiments of Colonial collecting in Dutch New Guinea. The Journal of Pacific History, 42(1), 1-20. Hertiani, T., Sasmito, E., Sumardi, and Ulfah, M. 2010. Preliminary Study on Immunomodulatory Effect of Sarang-Semut Tubers Myrmecodia tuberosa and Myrmecodia pendens OnLine Journal of Biological Sciences, 10(3), 136-141.

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Hidayati, E. 2008. Pemanfaatan hasil hutan bukan kayu (HHBK) oleh masyarakat Kampung Warmarwai Distrik Tanah Rubuh Kabupaten Manokwari. [The use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) by the people of Warmarwai village,Tanah Rubuh District, Manokwari Regency]. Undergraduate Diploma Thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Hiepko, P. 2006. Eipo Plant Nomenclature and Classification Compared with Other Folk Taxonomic Systems. Willdenowia, 35, 447-453. Hoffman, P. 2006. Malesian Euphorbiaceae Descriptions 8. ANTIDESMA (Hoffmann, P. 2006. Antidesma in Malesia and Thailand: 1—292. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew). Flora Malesiana Website, http://www.nationaalherbarium.nl/euphorbs/specA/Antidesma.htm (accessed 20 April 2014). Holdsworth, D. 2001. Medicinal plants of Irian Jaya, West New Guinea. Journal of Tropical Medicinal Plants, 2(2), 239-243. Homer, W. 2007. Pola Pengusahaan Jenis Kayu Komersil Pada Hutan Adat Oleh Masyarakat Moswaren Di Distrik Moswaren Kabupaten Sorong Selatan. [The pattern of use of commercial kinds of wood in customary forest by indigenous Moswaren people, Moswaren District, South Sorong Regency]. Undergraduate thesis Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Hope, G.S. and Haberle, S.G. 2005. The history of the human landscapes of New Guinea. In: Pawley, A., Attenborough, R., Golson, J., and Hide, R. ed. Papuan Pasts: Investigations into the cultural, linguistic and biological history of the Papuan-speakings peoples. Canberra, Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, 541–554. Howard, M.C. 2002. Sireu: Beaded Skirts from Papua. HALI, 24(125), 94-98. Howard, M.C. ed. 2006. Bark-cloth in Southeast Asia. Studies in the material cultures of Southeast Asia; no. 10. Bangkok, Thailand, White Lotus, xvii, 309 p. Howard, M.C. 2006. Bark-cloth in Western New Guinea. In: Howard, M.C. ed. Bark-cloth in Southeast Asia. Bangkok, Thailand, White Lotus, 169-218. Howard, M.C. 2006. Introduction. In: Howard, M.C. ed. Bark-cloth in Southeast Asia. Bangkok, Thailand, White Lotus, 1-64. Howay, A. 2012. Karakterisasi Sifat Kimia Minyak dari Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lamk) Asal Tiga Lokasi Penyebaran yang Berbeda di Kabupaten Manokwari [Characterization of the chemical properties of Red Fruit Oil (Pandanus conoideus Lamk) cultivars from three locations in Manokwari Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Howay, M. 2003. Pemanfaatan tumbuhan sebagai obat tradisional oleh masyarakat suku Maibrat di kampung Sembaro distrik Ayamaru Kabupaten Sorong. [The use of plants in traditional medicine by the Maibrat tribe in Sembaro village, Ayamaru district, Sorong regency]. Skripsi Sarjana Kehutanan, [Forestry undergraduate thesis], Manokwari, Fahutan Unipa.

14 Howay, M., Sinaga, N.I., and Kesaulija, E.M. 2003. Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Sebagai Obat Tradisional Oleh Masyarakat Suku Maibrat Di Kampung Sembaro Distrik Ayamaru Kabupaten Sorong. [The use of plants in traditional medicine by the Maibrat tribe in Sembaro village, Ayamaru District, Sorong Regency]. Beccariana 5(1), 24-34. Hussein, R. 2002. Jenis-jenis tumbuhan obat yang dimanfaatkan oleh suku Irarutu di desa Furnusu Kecamatan Teluk Arguni kabupaten Fakfak. [The kinds of medicinal plants used by Irarutu tribe in Furnusu village, Arguni Bay District, Fakfak Regency]. Thesis, Manokwari, Fapertek Unipa. Hutahean, S., Ilyas, S., Rahayu., S., and Berliani., K. ed. 2011. Prosiding Seminar National biologi: “Meningkatkan Peran Biologi dalam Mewujudkan. National Achievement with Global Reach”. [Proceedings of the National Biology Seminar: "Increasing Role in Realizing Biology National Achievement with Global Reach”]. Medan, USU Press. Iba, M.S. 2007. Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Hutan Sebagai Bahan Makanan oleh Masyarakat Suku Sough di Kampung Ingkuaisi Distrik Prafi Kabupaten Manokwari. [The use of forest plants for food by Sough Tribal Community in Ingkuaisi village, Prafi District, Manokwari Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Idris, A. 2004. Pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat tradisional di kampung Konti Unai distrik Angkaisera kabupaten Yapen Waropen. [Plants used in traditional medicine in Konti Unai village, Angkaisera District, Yapen Waropen Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Iga Nurapriyant, Tuharea, A., and Arifin, N. 2005. Sistem Pengusahaan beberapa hasil hutan bukan kayu dan alur tataniaganya di Jayapura, Papua. [Cultivation system of some Non-Timber Forest Products and business administration (?) flows in Jayapura, Papua]]. Info Sosial Ekonomi, 5(2), 135-144. Imamuddin, H. and Suliasih. 2001. Inventarisasi Basidiomycetes dan manfaatnya sebagai obat di Kecamatan Kelila, Kabupaten Jayawijaya, Irian Jaya. [Inventory of Basidiomycetes and their benefits as medicines in Kelila District, Jayawijaya Regency, Irian Jaya]. Buku panduan dan kumpulan abstrak, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia. Imamuddin, H. and Suliasih 2003. Biodiversitas Basidiomycetes di Kecamatan Kelila, Kabupaten Jayawijaya, Provinsi Papua dan manfaatnya sebagai bahan makanan dan obat tradisional.[Biodiversity of Basidiomycetes in Kelila District, Jayawijaya Regency, Papua Province and their potentials as food and traditional medicines]. Berita biologi : jurnal ilmuilmu hayati (Edisi Khusus Kebun Biologi Wamena dan Biodiversitas Papua), 6(5), 699-704 Imbiri, A.N.N.H., Wanggai, F., and Maturbongs, R.A. 2000. Ekologi rumput kebar Biophytum petersianum Klotzch. di Kecamatan Kebar, Manokwari, Irian Jaya. [The ecology of Kebar grass Biophytum petersianum Klotzch. in Kebar District, Manokwari, Irian Jaya]. Beccariana, 2(2), 44-47. Inama 2008. Kajian etnobotani masyarakat suku Marind Sendawi di kawasan taman nasional Wasur, kabupaten Merauke, propinsi Papua. [The study ethnobotany Marind Sendawi tribal community in the national park area Wasur, Merauke regency, Papua province]. Batchelor Forestry thesis, Bogor, Bogor Agricultural University, vi, 92 p.

15 Indaryani, W., Wanggai, F., and Maturbongs, R.A. 2002. Kearifan Pemanfaatan Tumbuh-Tumbuhan Sebagai Obat Tradisonal oleh Masyarakat Suku Wondama di Desa Tandia Kecamatan Wasior Kabupaten Manokwari. [The use of traditional medicinal plants by the Wondama peoples of Manokwari Regency]. Beccariana, 4(1), 56-67. Indriani, W. 2000. Kearifan pemanfaatan tumbuh-tumbuhan sebagai obat tradisional oleh masyarakat suku Wondama di desa Tandia kecamatan Wasior kabupaten Manokwari. [Wise use of herbs for traditional medicine by the Wondama tribal community in Tandia village, Wasior district, Manokwari regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Faperta Uncen. INIBAP. 2002. The exploration of Musaceae in Irian Jaya (Papua), INIBAP Research Institute for Fruits. Central Research Institute for Horticulture. Inwasef, J. 2011. Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Nipah (Nypa fruticans, Wurmb) Oleh Masyarakat Kampung Mariarotu Distrik Kosiwo Kabupaten Kepulauan Yapen. [The use of Nipah plants (Nypa fruticans, Wurmb) by Mariarotu Village Community, Kosiwo District, Yapen Islands Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Inyomusi, Y.S. 2011. Trend Suksesi Sekunder Pada Beberapa Areal Bekas Perladangan di Hutan Adat kampung Sabri distrik Ransiki. [Trends in some areas of secondary succession used for shifting cultivation in Sabri Village, Ransiki District]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Ismunandar, W. 2008. Potensi Antibakteri Kulit Kayu dan Daun Tanaman Akway (Drymis sp) dari Papua. [The antibacterial potential of the bark and leaves of the Akway plant (Drymis sp) from Papua]. BSc Thesis, Bogor, Bogor Agricultural University. Irem, Y. 2013. Eksplorasi Pemanfaatan dan Budidaya Tanaman Gembili (Dioscorea spp.) di Distrik Kemtuk Gresi dan Distrik Demta Kabupaten Jayapura. [Survey of the use of cultivated Esculenta yams ( Dioscorea. spp ) in Kemtuk Gresi and Demta Districts, Jayapura Regency]. Thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Iyai, D.A. and Sraun, T. 2005. Study of Upland Grass Characteristics in Kamu Valley at District of Kamu Nabire Regency Papua. Beccariana, 7(2). Jeimo, D.E. 2011. Uji Fitokimia Daun Otikai (Alphitonia sp.) Asal Kabupaten Paniai Provinsi Papua. [Phytochemical tests of the leaves of Otikai (Alphitonia sp.) originating in Paniai Regency, Papua Province]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Jemiati, N. 2005. Pola Pemanfaatan Sagu Dan Aspek Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat Pengolah Sagu Di Kampung Seget Distrik Seget Kabupaten Sorong. [Use patterns and socio-economic aspects of processing sago in Seget village, Seget District, Sorong Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Johns, R.J., Edwards, P.J., Utteridge, T.M.A., and Hopkins, H.C.F. 2006. A guide to the alpine and subalpine flora of Mount Jaya. Richmond, U.K., Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, x, 653 p. Juliano, A., Naredo, M., Lu, B.-R., and Jackson, M. 2005. Genetic Differentiation in Oryza meridionalis Ng based on Molecular and Crossability Analyses. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 52(4), 435-445.

16 Kadiwaru, I. 2004. Teknik Pembibitan dan Penanaman Sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb). Oleh Penduduk Kampung Poom I Distrik Poom Kabupaten Yapen. [Nursery and cultivation techniques of sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb) by Poom village residents, Poom District, Yapen Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Kahirupan, M.T. 2012. Sifat kepermanenan bahan pewarna alami asal kampung Mbenti distrik Minyambouw kabupaten Manokwari. [Permanence properties of natural dyes in Mbenti village Minyambouw District, Manokwari Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Kaisepo, R. 2008. Pemanfaatan tumbuhan hutan sebagai bahan makanan oleh masyarakat suku Dani kampung Honelama kabupaten Jayawijaya. [The use of forest plants as food by Dani people in Honelama village, Jayawijaya Regency]. Undergraduate Diploma Thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Kambu, A. 2003. Pemanfaatan Arenga pinnata sebagai minuman tradisional oleh masyarakat Maibrat di sekitar taman wisata gunung meja. [Use of Arenga pinnata as a traditional beverage by Maibrat communities around Table Mountain Park]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Fahutan Unipa, xiii, 31 p. Kambu, R. 2012. Perbedaan Struktur Anatomi Kayu Arwob (Dodonaea viscose L.Jacq) pada Dua Elevasi Tempat Tumbuh yang Berbeda. [Differences in the structure of the wood anatomy of Arwob (Dodonaea viscose L.Jacq) growing at two different elevations]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Kameray, Y.D. 2011. Penyebaran Asplenium nidus Dengan pohon inang pada Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Meja Kabupaten Manokwari. [Distribution of Asplenium nidus with host trees in Table Mountain Nature Park, Manokwari Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Kameubun, K.M.B. 2003. Aspek Botani dan Etnobotani Wati (Piper methysticum Forst) Dalam Kehidupan Suku Marind Kabupaten Merauke, Papua. [Aspects of the botany and ethnobotany of Wati (Piper methysticum Forst) in the tribal life of the Marind, Merauke Regency, Papua]. MSc thesis, Bogor, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Kameubun, K.M.B. and Muehlenberg, M. 2009. Ethnobotany of Piper spp and species diversity of the Piper plants in Papua. (Abstract only)In: 2009 International Biodiversity Conference in Papua. http://ibcpapua.blogspot.com.au/2009/08/abstract-paper-ethnobotany-of-piperspp.html (accessed 20 April 2014). Kameubun, K.M.B., Kameubun, D.M.P., Kameubun, O.M.A., and Ngili, Y. 2012. Hubungan antara budaya suku Marind dengan konservasi tanaman Wati (Piper methysticum Forst.) di Merauke, Papua Selatan. [The relationship between the conservation of Marind culture and the Wati plant (Piper methysticum Forst.) in Merauke, South Papua]. In: Redaksi, D. ed. Prosiding: Seminar Ilmiah SE-Eropa Berkarya untuk Indonesia. [Proceedings: Seminar on Scientific SEEurope Working for Indonesia], Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia untuk Kerajaan Belanda, pp. 72-73. Kameubun, K.M.B., Prinz, K., Ngili, Y., Finkeldey, R., and Muehlenberg, M. 2012. Indigenous Knowledge for Classification and Utilisation of Wati (Piper methysticum Forst.) in Marind Tribe of Merauke Regency, Southern Papua. (Abstract only). Paper given at Tropentag, September 19-21, 2012, Gottingen -Kassel/Witzenhausen “Resilience of agricultural systems against crises”.

17 Kandenapa, L. 2004. Jenis-Jenis Beringin (Ficus Spp.) Pada Kawasan Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Meja Manokwari. [Types of figs (Ficus Spp.) In Table Mountain Nature Park, Manokwari]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Kanro, M.Z., Rouw, A., Widjono, A., Syamsuddin, Amisnaipa, and Atekan 2003. Tanaman sagu dan pemanfaatannya di Propinsi Papua. [Sago palms and their use in Papua Province]. Jurnal Litbang Pertanian, 22(3), 116-124. Karafir, C. 2011. Eksplorasi dan Identifikasi Jenis-Jenis Pisang Lokal (Musa paradisiaca L.) di Kampung Ambora dan Yakore Distrik Demta Kabupaten Jayapura. [Survey and identification of the types of local Bananas (Musa paradisiaca L.) in Ambora and Yakore villages, Demta District, Jayapura Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Karafir, Y.P., Matanubun, H., Soenarto, Abdullah, Y., Nugroho, B., and Tokede, M.J. eds. 2004. Prosiding Lokakarya Nasional Pendayagunaan Pangan Spesifik Lokal, Jayapura 2-4 Desember 2003. Kerja Sama Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Kabupaten Jayapura dengan Universitas Negeri Papua. [Proceedings of the National Workshop on Reforms Specific Local Food, Jayapura 2 to 4 December 2003. Cooperation Department of Agriculture and Horticulture Jayapura Papua State University. Jayapura, Papua, Kerjasama Universitas Negeri Papua dan Pemerintah Provinsi Papua Kardono, L.B.S., Artanti, N., Dewiyanti, I.D., and Basuki, T. 2003. Selected Indonesian medicinal plants : monographs and descriptions. Volume 1. Jakarta, Grasindo. Karim, A.K. 2011. Kapasitas Reproduksi Mencit Betina (Mus musculus L.) Setelah Pemberian Infus Batang Tabat Barito (Ficus deltoidea Jack.). [Reproductive capacity of female Mice (Mus musculus L.) after infusion of bark of Tabat Barito (Ficus deltoidea Jack.)]. Jurnal Biologi Papua, 3(1), 16-23. Karim, A.K. and Sismindari 2011. Antiproliferatif Ekstrak Metanol Daun Dianella nemorosa Lam. (Liliaceae) terhadap Sel Kanker MKN45 dengan Menggunakan Metode WST-1. [The antiproliferative effect of methanol leaf extract of Dianella nemorosa Lam. (Liliaceae)) against MKN45 Cancer Cells by Using WST-1 method]. Jurnal Biologi Papua, 3(2), 47-52. Kawengian, L. and Rumahorbo, B.T. 2009. Potensi Vegetasi Non Kayu yang dimanfaatkan oleh Masyarakat di Distrik Unurum Guay, Kabupaten Jayapura [Potential Non Timber Forest Products used by people of Unurum Guay District, Jayapura Regency]. Jurnal Biologi Papua, 1(1), 21-29. Keim, A.P. 2008. Keanekaragaman Flora Palem (Palmae) Di Pulau Batanta Dan Pulau Salawati, Kabupaten Kepulauan Raja Ampat, Propinsi Papua Barat. [Flora diversity Palm (Palmae) In Batanta Island and Salawati Island, Raja Ampat Islands District, West Papua Province]. In: Ubaidillah, R., Walujo, E.B., Arief, A.J., and Julistiono, H. ed. Laporan teknik Pusat Penelitian Biologi-LIPI : daftar isian pelaksanaan anggaran (DIPA) tahun anggaran 2008. [Technical Reports Biology-LIPI Research Center: implementation checklist budget (DIPA) 2008 budget year]. Bogor Pusat Penelitian Biologi-LIPI, pp. 361-379 Keim, A.P. 2009. Pandanaceae of the island of Yapen, Papua (West New Guinea), Indonesia, with their nomenclature and notes on the rediscovery of Sararanga sinuosa, and several new species and records. Blumea, 54(1-3), 255-266. Keim, A.P. 2012. The pandan flora of Foja-Mamberamo Game Reserve and Baliem Valley, Papua– Indonesia. Reinwardtia 13(3), 271–297.

18 Kilmaskossu, A., Pattiselanno, F., and Sadsoetoeboen, M.J. 2006. Habitat Persarangan dan Komposisi Botanis Bahan Penyusun Sarang Goura cristata (Aves: Columbidae) di Daerah Muara Kali Warmiseru dan Telaga Suandey Kaprus, Ransiki, Manokwari. [Nesting habitat and botanical composition of the nesting material of Goura cristata (Aves: Columbidae) in the region of the Warmiseru estuary and the Suandey Kaprus lagoon, Ransiki, Manokwari]. Beccariana, 8(2), 70-76. Kindewara, A.H.P. 2008. Pengetahuan Tradisional Masyarakat Kampung Yensei Distrik Idoor dalam Memanfaatkan Jenis-Jenis Kayu untuk Pembuatan Perahu Tradisional di Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni. [Traditional knowledge of Yensie village, Idoor District, in using types of wood for traditional boat building in Bintuni Bay Regency]. Undergraduate Diploma Thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Kirihio, N.Y. 2007. Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Nipah (Nypa fructicans Wurmb.) oleh Masyarakat Kampung Dembek Distrik Momi Waren Kabupaten Manokwari. [The use of Nipa plants (Nypa fructicans Wurmb.) by Dembek Village people, Momi Waren District, Manokwari Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Kocu, J. 2008. Jenis-jenis Perusak Dan Tingkat Kerusakan Pada Tiang Rumah Di Perkampungan Nelayan Remu Selatan Kota Madya Sorong. [Borer Types And Their Damage On Pole House In South Remu Fishing Village, Municipality Sorong]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Koji Tsuji, M., Ghazalli, N.F., Ariffin, Z., Nordin, M.S., Khaidizar, M.I., Dulloo, M.E., and Sebastian, L.S. 2011. Biological and Ethnobotanical Characteristics of Nipa Palm (Nypa fructicans Wurmb.): A Review. [Ciri-Ciri Biologi dan Etnobotani Nipah (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) Suatu Tinjauan]. Sains Malaysiana 40(12), 1407-1412. Koromari, B. 2012. Potensi Jenis - Jenis Pohon Yang Digunakan Untuk Pembuatan Alat Musik Tifa di Kampung Serewen Kabupaten Kepulauan Yapen. [Potential species of trees used in making Tifa (drum) musical instruments in Serewen village, Yapen Islands Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Kotouki, J.G. 2006. Jenis Kayu Mangrove Yang Dimanfaatkan Sebagai Kayu Bakar Oleh Masyarakat Di Pulau Amutu Besar Distrik Babo Kabupaten Teluk Bintuni. [The types of Mangrove wood used as firewood by the people on Amutu Island, Babo District, Bintuni Bay Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Kurni, S. 2013. Teknik Pembuatan Perahu Tradisional Oleh Masyarakat Kampung Rayori Distrik Kepulauan Aruri Kabupaten Supiori, Provinsi Papua. [The techniques of traditional boat building by the people of Rayori village, Aruri Islands District, Supiori Regency, Papua Province].Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Laby, L. 2005. Keadaan vegetasi tumbuhan paku (Pteridophyta) pada hutan Kamwolker Waena Kota Madya Jayapura. [The state of the fern vegetation (Pteridophyta) in the Kamwolker Waena Forest, Jayapura Municipality]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Langi, L.T., Wanggai, J., and Remetwa., H. 2005. Jenis-jenis bambu di daerah Sentani Barat Jayapura. [Varieties of bamboo in the region of West Sentani, Jayapura]. Info Hutan, II(2), 121-134.

19 Lanoeroe, S. 2004. Pemanfaatan jenis tumbuhan berkayu sebagai bahan baku pembuatan perahu tradisional oleh masyarakat suku Yachai di kampung Muuin kabupaten Mappi. [Use of woody plant species as raw material for building traditional boats by the Yachai tribal people in Muuin village, Mappi Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Lanoeroe, S., Kesaulija, E.M., and Rahawarin, Y.Y. 2005. Pemanfaatan Jenis Tumbuhan Berkayu sebagai Bahan Baku Perahu Tradisional oleh Suku Yachai di Kabupaten Mappi. [The use of woody plants as raw material for traditional boats by Yachai people in Mappi Regency]. Biodiversitas, 6(3), 212-216. Latinis, D.K. 2000. The development of subsistence system models for Island Southeast Asia and Near Oceania: The nature and role of arboriculture and arboreal-based economies. World Archaeology, 32(1), 41-67. Lekitoo, K., Dimomonmau, P., and Rumawak, M. 2005. Jenis Tumbuhan Pakan Kuskus di Pulau Moor Kecamatan Napan Weinami Kabupaten Nabire. [The types of vegetation eaten by Cuscus at Moor Island, Napnn Weinami District, Nabire Regency]. Jurnal Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Alam [Journal of Forest and Nature Conservation Research], II(5), 461-476. Lekitoo, K., Batorinding, E., Dimomonmau, P.A., Rumbiak, W.F., Heatubun, C.D., and Lekitoo, H.Y. 2012. Re-Diversifikasi pangan di Tanah Papua Bagian-1: Pemanfaatan Enam Jenis Tumbuhan Hutan Penghasil Buah sebagai Sumber Bahan Pangan di Tanah Papua. [Re-Diversification of food in the land of Papua Part-1 Utilization of Six Forest Product Fruits of Plants as Sources of Food in Papua]. Jakarta, Kementerian Kehutanan Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan [Ministry of Forestry Research and Development Agency], xvi, 269 p. Lekitoo, K., Peday, H.F.Z., and Anggrianto, R. 2005. Deskripsi jenis-jenis bambu dan rotan pada kawasan hutan Kali Waramui Masni Kabupaten Manokwari. [Description of the kinds of bamboo and rattan in the region of Waramui River Forest, Masni District, Manokwari Regency]. Info Hutan, 2(2), 81-91. Lemmens, R.H.M.J. and Bunyapraphatsara, N. ed. 2001. Plant Resources of South-East Asia No. 12 (2): Medicinal and poisonous plants 2. Leiden, Backhuys Publishers, 664 p. Lemmens, R.H.M.J. and Bunyapraphatsara, N. ed. 2003. Plant Resources of South-East Asia No. 12 (3): Medicinal and poisonous plants 3. Leiden, Backhuys Publishers, 664 p. Lense, O.N. 2002. A study and catalogue of traditional medicinal plants from Manokwari Regency, West Papua, Indonesia, M.Sc. thesis, Townsville, James Cook University, xxii, 145 p. Lense, O. 2011. Biological screening of selected traditional medicinal plants species utilized by local people of Manokwari, West Papua Province Nusantara. Bioscience 3(3), 145-150. Lense, O. 2012. The wild plants used as traditional medicines by indigenous people of Manokwari, West Papua. Biodiversitas, 13(2), 98-106. Leonard, D., Wanggai, J., and Manusawai, J. 2003. Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Dalam Ekosistem Mangrove Oleh Masyarakat Di Kampung Senebuay Distrik Rumberpon Kabupaten Manokwari. [The use of plants in mangrove forest by local people in Senebuay Village, Rumberpon District, Manokwari Regency]. Beccariana 5(2), 97-108.

20 Lies, R., Tokede, M.J., and Maturbongs, R.A. 2000. Keragaman Jenis Rotan di Areal Hutan Dataran Rendah Siwi, Ransiki, Manokwari, Irian Jaya. [The diversity of rattan species in Siwi Lowland Forest area, Ransiki, Manokwari, Irian Jaya]. Beccariana 2(2), 54-64. Limbongan, J. 2007. Morfologi beberapa jenis sagu potensial di Papua. [Morphological characteristics of some sago palms from Papua (Indonesia)]. Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 26(1), 16-24. Limbongan, J., Lakuy, H., and Louw, J. 2004. Program penelitian dan pengkajian sagu berwawasan agribisnis dan ketahanan pangan di Papua.[Program of research and study of sago for insights into agribusiness and food security in Papua]. In: Karafir, Y.P., Matanubun, H., Soenarto, Abdullah, Y., Nugroho, B., and Tokede, M.J. eds. Prosiding Lokakarya Nasional Pendayagunaan Pangan Spesifik Lokal, Jayapura 2-4 Desember 2003. Kerja Sama Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Kabupaten Jayapura dengan Universitas Negeri Papua.[Proceedings of the National Workshop on Reforms Specific Local Food, Jayapura 2 to 4 December 2003. Cooperation Department of Agriculture and Horticulture Jayapura Papua State University. Jayapura, Papua, Kerjasama Universitas Negeri Papua dan Pemerintah Provinsi Papua, pp. 51-57. Liswanti, N. and Boissière, M. 2006. Keanekaragaman hayati menurut masyarakat Mamberano. [Biodiversity according to the Mamberano community]. Tropika Indonesia, 10(1), 14-16. Liwang , J., Sinaga, N.I., and Rahawarin, Y.Y. 2010. Pemanfaatan jenis kayu sebagai bahan baku pembuatan perahu tradisional di pulau Ambai, Papua. [The use of wood as a raw material for making traditional boats on Ambai Island, Papua]. Jurnal Tropika (Universitas Muhamadiyah Malang). Liwang, J.D. 2004. Status Populasi Jenis Kayu Perahu dan Pemanfaatannya di Sekitar Kawasan Hutan Kampung Ambai I Distrik Angkaisera Kabupaten Yapen. [Numbers and functional types of wooden boats around Ambai Island village, Angkaisera District, Yapen Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Lolongan, H. 2006. Jenis-jenis Kayu yang Digunakan Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Perahu Tradisional oleh Masyarakat Pulau Mambor di Kabupaten Nabire. [Types of wood used as raw materials for traditional boat building by people on Mambor Island in Nabire Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Maay, M.F. 2003. Pemanfaatan bambu oleh masyarakat kampung Waren Distrik Waropen Bawah Kabupaten Yapen Waropen. [Use of bamboo by Waren villagers, Lower Waropen District, Yapen Waropen Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Mabel, A. 2013. Pemanfaatan Jenis-Jenis Kelapa Hutan (Pandanus spp.) Oleh Suku Yali Kampung Uwambo Distrik Abenaho Kabupaten Yalimo. [Utilization of kinds of Forest Palm (Pandanus spp.) by Yali tribe in Uwambo village, Abenaho District, Yalimo Regency]. Thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Macap, H. 2013. Etnobotani Pangan Suku Matbat di Pulau Misool Kabupaten Raja Ampat Papua Barat. [Ethnobotany of food plants used by the Matbat tribe on Misool Island, Raja Ampat Regency, West Papua]. Undergraduate thesis, Bogor, Bogor Agricultural University. Magal, H.N. 2002. Studi tumbuhan obat tradisional suku Amungme di desa Tsinga kecamatan Mimika Baru kabupaten Mimika. [A study of traditional medicinal plants by Amungme in Tsinga village, New Mimika District, Mimika Regency]. Thesis, Manokwari, Fapertek Unipa.

21 Mahmud 2011. Vegetasi Mangrove sebagai Bahan Makanan pada Empat Suku di Papua. [Mangrove vegetation used as food by four ethnic groups in Papua]. Biota, 16(1). Mambrasar, R. 2004. Eksplorasi Jenis Paku-Pakuan ( Pteridophyta ) di Pulau Yoopmios Pada Kawasan Taman Nasional Teluk Cenderawasih Distrik Windesi Kabupaten Teluk Wondama. [Survey of the kinds of ferns (Pteridophyta) on Yoopmios Island in the Cenderawasih National Park Area, Windesi District, Wondama Bay Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Mamoribo, S., Arwam, C.Y.H., and Yusuf, A. 2003. Pemanfaatan Vegetasi Mangrove oleh Masyarakat Kampung Rayori di Distrik Supiori Selatan Kabupaten Biak Numfor. [The utilization of mangrove vegetation by the Rayori Villagers of South Supiori District, Biak Numfor Regency]. Beccariana 5(1), 43-51. Mandosir, M.M.J. 2005. Pengetahuan masyarakat suku Hatam dalam memanfaatkan hasil hutan non kayu sebagai bahan makanan dan konstruksi di kampung Waseki Pop distrik prafi kabupaten Manokwari. [Hatam tribal community knowledge in utilizing non-timber forest products for food and construction in Waseki Pop village, Prafi District, Manokwari Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Maniagasi, A.P. 2008. Eksplorasi jenis-jenis tumbuhan hutan pantai Maruni di kabupaten Manokwari provinsi Papua Barat. [Survey of plant species in Maruni coastal forest in Manokwari Regency, West Papua province]. Undergraduate Diploma Thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Manibuy, C. 2002. Dinamika pertumbuhan rumpun sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rotb.) di dusun Masiray kecamatan Bintuni kabupaten Manokwari. [Dynamics of growth in clumps of sago (Metroxylon sagu Rotb.) in Masiray village, Bintuni District, Manokwari Regency]. Thesis, Manokwari, Fahutan Unipa. Mansai, Y.Y. 2003. Pemanfaatan palem oleh etnik Randawaya di pulau Yapen. [The use of palms by the Randawaya tribe on Yapen Island]. Thesis, Manokwari, Fahutan Unipa. Mara, J.J. 2006. Profil Agroforestri Tradisional Di Distrik Manokwari Kabupaten Manokwari [Traditional agroforestry profiles in Manokwari District, Manokwari Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Marisan, E.K. 2007. Aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak kasar saponin asal akar tuba (Derris elliptica). [The antibacterial activity of the crude extract saponin from tuba root (Derris elliptica)], Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Marty, M. 2006. Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Non Kayu Oleh Masyarakat Sowek Di Rayori Supiori Selatan Kabupaten Supiori. [The use of Non-Timber Forest Products by the Sowek people in South Supiori Rayori District, Supiori Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Marwa, J., Cabuy, R.L., and Tawer, A.Y. 2013. Potential and pattern of utilization of Renewable Energy sources from vegetation based on local Knowledge of Ireres tribe in Tambrauw, West Papua, Indonesia. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 12(3), 411-417. Maturbongs, A.R.D. 2004. Pemanfaatan Vegetasi Mangrove Di Kampung Bawei Distrik Numfor Timur Kabupaten Biak Numfor. [The use of Mangrove vegetation in Bawei village, Eastern District, Biak Numfor Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua.

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24 Nainggolan, D. 2001. Aspek ekologis kultivar buah merah panjang (Pandanus conoideus Lamk.) di daerah dataran rendah Manokwari. [Ecological aspects of the long Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lamk.) in lowland areas around Manokwari]. Thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Nakoh, O., Bumbut, P.I., and Kilmaskossu, M.S.E. 2010. Forest vegetation as the cuscus feeding plants in Udopi Wosi Village Forest Complex, Manokwari District, Papua. TigerPaper, 37(2), 26-28. Nauw, T. 2012. Struktur vegetasi mangrove dan pemanfaatannya oleh masyarakat di teluk Youtefa kota Jayapura. [Mangrove vegetation structure and its use by the public at Youtefa Bay, Jayapura]. Undergraduate Diploma thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Nega, L.B., Wasaraka, A.R., and Heatubun, C.D. 2003. Eksplorasi Jenis Palem Pada Kawasan Hutan Dataran Rendah Bayeda Distrik Teluk Arguni. [Exploration of palm species in the lowland forest of Bayeda District, Arguni Bay]. Beccariana 5(2), 67-81. Ngutra, R.N. 2011. Identifikasi dan analisis ekonomi keanekaragaman hayati tumbuhan sowang (Tumbuhan Endemik di Pegunungan Cycloops Kabupaten Jayapura Papua). [Identification and economic analysis of plant diversity Sowang (Endemic Plants in Mountains Cycloops Jayapura Papua). Thesis, Bogor, Bogor Agricultural University. Noya, J. 2013. Tumbuhan obat di hutan taman wisata alam gunung meja kabupaten Manokwari provinsi Papua Barat. [Medicinal plants in Table Mountain Forest Nature Park, Manokwari Regency,West Papua Province]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Nugroho, J.D. 2005. Matoa (Pometia Pinata Foster): Buah Lokal Papua dan Strategi Pengembangannya. [Matoa (Pometia Pinata Foster): Papuan local fruit and strategy for development]. Beccariana, 7(1), 48-55. Nugroho, J.H.B.A. 2005. Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Berkayu Secara Tradisional Oleh Masyarakat Suku Yei Di Kampung Toray Distrik Sota Kabupaten Merauke. [Traditional use of woody plants in the Yei Tribal Community in the village of Toray, Sota District, Merauke Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Numberi, M.L. 2009. Penelitian Senyawa Kimia Aktif Keben (Barringtonia asiatica Kurz) Sebagai Bahan Antiseptik (Obat Kumur). [Research into the active chemical compounds in Keben (Barringtonia asiatica Kurz) as antiseptic material (mouthwash)]. Undergraduate Diploma Thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Nunaki, J.H. 2007. Analisis vegetasi dan pemanfaatannya oleh masyarakat Wondama di sekitar kawasan cagar alam pegunungan Wondiboy tanah Papua. [Analysis of vegetation and its use by the Wondama community around the Wondiboy Mountains Nature Reserve in Papua]. MSc thesis, Bogor, Bogor Agricultural University. Nusi, O.E. 2013. Pemanfaatan tumbuhan sebagai bahan makanan dan obat-obatan tradisional oleh masyarakat suku meyah di kampung Meyof, Waramui dan Wariki Distrik masni kabupaten Manokwari provinsi Papua. [The use of plants for food and traditional medicines by Meyah tribal people in Meyof village, Waramui and Wariki Masni Districts, Manokwari Regency, Papua Province]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua.

25 Oagay, J. 2013. Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan sebagai Obat Tradisional Oleh Masyarakat Suku Sougb di Kampung Warbiadi Distrik Oransbari Kabupaten Manokwari. [The use of traditional medicinal plants by Sougb Tribal Community in Warbiadi village, Oransbari District, Manokwari Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Okomanop, F. 2009. Pemanfaatan tumbuhan palem Arecaceae oleh masyarakat suku Wambon Di kampung Persatuan Distrik Mandobo Kabupaten Boven Digoel. [The use of Arecaceae palms by the Wamboin tribal people in Persatuan village, Mandobo District, Boven Digoel Regency]. Undergraduate Diploma Thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Paembonan, R. 2003. Identifikasi Jenis Tumbuhan sebagai Ramuan Obat Tradisional oleh Masyarakat Suku Ekagi di Kampung Pugo Distrik Paniai Timur Kabupaten Paniai. [Identification of plants as remedies in the traditional medicine of Ekagi people in Pugo village, East Paniai District, Paniai Regency]. Skripsi Sarjana Kehutanan [Forestry Undergraduate thesis], Manokwari, Faperta Unipa, xi, 71p. Pahabol, J. 2013. Kontribusi Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu terhadap Ekonomi Rumah Tangga dari Kegiatan Meramu dan Berburu pada Masyarakat Meyakh di Kampung Bremi Kabupaten Manokwari. [The contribution of Non-Timber Forest Products to the hunting and gathering household activities of the Meyakh community in Bremi village in Manokwari Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Paiki, F.A. 2008. Karakteristik Morfologi Bunga Beberapa Kultivar Talas (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott.) Asal Papua. [Characteristics of flower morphology of some taro cultivars (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) in Papua]. Beccariana, 10(1), 1-5. Paisei, E.K. 2009. Kajian Kimia Kayu Akway (Drymis sp.) Sebagai Afrodisiak Endemik Papua. [Phytochemistry of the wood of Akway (Drymis sp.), a Papuan species used as an aphrodisiac]. Agrotek, 1(6). Paisey, E.K. 2008. Kajian Morfologi dan Kimia Kayu Akway (Drymis sp) Sebagai Afrodisiak Endemik Papua [Study of the morphology and chemistry of the wood of Akway (Drymis sp.), a Papuan species used as an aphrodisiac]. MSc thesis, Bogor, Bogor Agricultural University, xvi, 146 p. Paliling, B.T. 2004. Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan sebagai Obat Tradisonal oleh Masyarakat Suku Sougb di Kampung Sururey Distrik Sururey Kabupaten Manokwari. [The use of traditional medicinal plants by the Sougb Tribal Community in Sururey village, Sururey District, Manokwari Regency]. Skripsi Sarjana Kehutanan [Forestry Undergraduate thesis], Manokwari, Faperta UNIPA. Pamassangan, J. 2012. Pentingnya Lanskap Hutan dan Keragaman Tumbuhan Menurut Persepsi Masyarakat Adat Ibele Kabupaten Jayawijaya. [Importance of forest landscape and plant diversity in Ibele indigenous plant perception, Jayawijaya Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Pamungkas, J.T. 2013. Kepermanenan Bahan Pewarna Alami dari Distrik Kebar [The permanence of natural dyes in Kebar District]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Pananbe, H. 2005. Jenis-jenis Bambu Di Taman Wisata Alam Sorong. [Types of Bamboo in Sorong Nature Park]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua.

26 Paraibabo, J. 2011. Eksplorasi Jenis-Jenis Palem Di Pulau Gam Kabupaten Raja Ampat [Survey of the types of palm on Gam Island, Raja Ampat Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Parende, F.S. 2007. Eksplorasi jenis palem pada kawasan hutan alam kampung Sidey distrik Sidey kabupaten Manokwari. [A survey of palm species in the natural forest area of Sidey village, Sidey District, Manokwari Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Parinding, Z. 2007. Potensi dan Karakteristik Bio-ekologis Tumbuhan Myrmecodia spp. di Taman Nasional Wasur Merauke Papua. [Potential and Bio-ecological characteristics of the anthouse plant Myrmecodia spp. in Wasur National Park, Merauke, Papua]. MSc thesis, Bogor, Bogor Agricultural University, ix, 176 p. Pasapan, E.L. 2005. Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan sebagai Obat Tradisional dan bahan Baku Benda Seni Budaya pad Etnik Moile di Kampung Anggra dan Simerbei Distrik Minyambouw kabupaten Manokwari. [The use of plants for traditional medicines and raw materials for cultural art objects by Moile people in Anggra and Simerbei villages, Minyambouw District, Manokwari Regency]. Skripsi Sarjana Kehutanan [Forestry Undergraduate thesis], Manokwari, Fahutan Unipa. Pattiselanno, F. and Arobaya, A.Y.S. 2013. Managing tropical forest for Indonesian Papuan’s livelihood. In: Brown, A.G., Wells, K.F., Parsons, M., and Kerruish, C.M. ed. Managing our forests into the 21st century : national conference proceedings, 7-11 April 2013, Canberra, Australia / The Institute of Forester of Australia, National Conference. Yarralumla ACT, The Institute of Foresters of Australia, pp. 219-227. Pawe, R.N.C. 2012. Potensi Penyebaran Tali Kuning (Arcangelisia flava) Di Hutan Pendidikan Anggori (Hutan Alam) Universitas Negeri Papua Manokwari. [Potential spread of Yellow Rope (Arcangelisia flava) in Anggori Research Forest (Natural Forest), State University of Papua]. Manokwari, Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Pawley, A., Attenborough, R., Golson, J., and Hide, R. ed. 2005. Papuan Pasts: cultural, linguistic and biological histories of the Papuan-speaking peoples. PL 572. Canberra, Pacific Linguistics, Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, The Australian National University, xxiii + 817 p. Payokwa, P.L. 2010. Pemanfaatan tumbuhan Pawi (Dodonaea viscosa, (L) Jacq) oleh masyarakat suku Dani di kampung Yelikiba distrik Hubikossy kabupaten Jayawijaya. [The use of Pawi plant (Dodonaea viscosa, (L) Jacq) by Dani people in Yelikiba village, Hubikossy District, Jayawijaya Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Peday, H.F.Z. 2004. Analisis Vegetasi Jenis Komersil Di Kampung Ibele Distrik Hubikosi Kabupaten Jayawijaya Dalam Kawasan Penyangga Taman Nasional Lorentz. [Vegetation analysis of commercial trees in Ibele Village, Hubikosi District, Jayawijaya Regency, the buffer zone of Lorentz National Park]. Beccariana 6(1), 33-39. Peday, M.H. 2004. Aspek Demografi Jenis-jenis Rotan Pada Hutan Dataran Rendah Asai Kabupaten Manokwari. [Demographic aspects of types of Rattan in Asai Lowland Forest, Manokwari Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua.

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30 Rumbino, A.A., Flassy, A.D., and Ihalauw, H.S. 2007. Misteri Burung Beracun (Pitohui dicrous) dari Pegunungan Arfak, Manokwari. [The mystery of the Poison Bird (Pitohui dicrous) from the Arfak Mountains, Manokwari]. Jurnal Natural, 6(1). Rumere, M. 2007. Jenis jenis Bambu dan Pemanfaatannya Oleh Masyarakat Kampung Amoi Distrik Warsa Kabupaten Biak Numfor. [The use of Bamboo in Amoi village, Warsa District, Biak Numfor Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Rumadas, Y.K. 2012. Etnobotani Masyarakat Adat Byak Di Kampung Swaipak Distrik Swandiwe Kabupaten Biak Numfor. [Ethnobotany of the Byak people in Swaipak village, Swandiwe District, Biak Numfor Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Runaweri, B.N. 2012. Analisa Vegetasi Permudaan Sner (Manilkara fasculata HJL) Pada Kawasan Hutan Kampung Mnurwar Distrik Oridek Kabupaten Biak Numfor [Analysis of the regrowth vegetation of Sner (Manilkara Fasculata HJL) in the Forest Area of Mnurwar village, Oridek District, Biak Numfor Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Runtuboi, Y. 2005. Pemanfaatan Kayu Sebagai Bahan Baku Komponen Bangunan Rumah Berlabuh Oleh Masyarakat Ansus Di Kabupaten Yapen Waropen. [The use of wood as raw material for building pile houses by Ansus People in Yapen Waropen Regency]. Beccariana, 7(2). Rusdi 2004. Pemanfaatan Jenis Kayu Sebagai Bahan Baku Perahu Tradisional Oleh Masyarakat Kampung Maroway Distrik Demta Kabupaten Jayapura. [The use of wood as a raw material for traditional boat building by Maroway Village Community, Demta District, Jayapura Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Sada, J.T. and Tanjung, R.H.R. 2010. Keragaman Tumbuhan Obat Tradisional di Kampung Nansfori Distrik Supiori Utara, Kabupaten Supiori–Papua. [Traditional medicinal plant diversity in Nansfori village, North Supiori District, Supiori Regency, Papua]. Jurnal Biologi Papua, 2(2), 39-46. Sadsoeitoeboen, M.J. 2004. Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus, Lamk.) Dalam Kehidupan Suku Arfak di Kabupaten Manokwari. [Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus, Lamk.) In the Life of the Arfak tribe, Manokwari Regency] In: Karafir, Y.P., Matanubun, H., Soenarto, Abdullah, Y., Nugroho, B., and Tokede, M.J. eds. Prosiding Lokakarya Nasional Pendayagunaan Pangan Spesifik Lokal, Jayapura 2-4 Desember 2003. Kerja Sama Dinas Pertanian Tanaman Pangan dan Hortikultura Kabupaten Jayapura dengan Universitas Negeri Papua. [Proceedings of the National Workshop on Reforms Specific Local Food, Jayapura 2 to 4 December 2003. Cooperation Department of Agriculture and Horticulture Jayapura Papua State University. Jayapura, Papua, Kerjasama Universitas Negeri Papua dan Pemerintah Provinsi Papua, pp. 155-160 Sadsoeitoeboen, M.J. and Kilmaskossu, A. 2007. Keanekaragaman, persebaran dan pemanfaatan pandanus di Papua. [The diversity, distribution and utilization of Pandanus in Papua]. Jurnal Natural, 6(1). Sadsoeitoeboen, M.J. and Kilmaskossu, A. 2007. Suatu Kajian Etno-biologi Pandanus di Papua [An ethno-biological study of Pandanus in Papua]. Beccariana, 9(1), 31-34.

31 Saiba, Y. 2013. Tumbuhan Obat Tradisional Suku Sougb di Kampung Abreso Distrik Ransiki Kabupaten Manokwari. [The use of plants for traditional medicine by Sougb Tribe in Abreso Village, Raniki Distict, Manokwari Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Saitoh, K., Bintoro, M.H., Oh-e, I., Jong, F.S., Louw, J., and Sugiyama, N. 2008. Starch Productivity of Sago Palm in Indonesia. Sago Palm, 16(2), 102-108. Saiya, F.F. 2008. Pemanfaatan Jenis Kayu Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Perahu Tradisional Oleh Masyarakat Di Kampung Mansinam Distrik Manokwari Timur Kabupaten Manokwari Papua Barat. [The kinds of wood used as raw material in traditional boat building by people in Mansinam village, East Manokwari District, Manokwari Regency, West Papua]. Undergraduate Diploma Thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Salosa, S. 2011. Changing preferences of plant use in Maibrat, West Papua, Indonesia: Villages of Ayamaru (Maibrat). Saarbrücken, VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 64 p. Sambe, S. 2006. System agrisilvikultur tradisional pada etnis moile di distrik Minyambou kapupaten Manokwari. [System of traditional agroforestry in Minyambou District, Manokwari Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Samderubun, M. 2008. Eksplorasi jenis tumbuhan penghasil gaharu di kampung Sewan distrik Sarmi timur kabupaten Sarmi. [Survey of gaharu-producing plant species in Sewan village, East Sarmi District, Sarmi Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Sanda, Y.T. 2004. Kandungan Pati Ai-bon (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Lamk.) dari Hasil Ekstraksi Pati pada Berbagai Tingkat Kemasakan Buah pada Masyarakat Sowek Distrik Supiori Selatan Kabupaten Supiori. [Starch content of Ai-bon (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Lamk.) from starch extraction results at different levels of fruit maturity, Sowek Community, South Supiori District, Supiori Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Santoso, B.B. 2007. Skrining Fitokimia, Uji Aktivitas Antimikroba dan Antitumor Tumbuhan Obat Kabupaten Manokwari. [Phytochemical screening and testing of antimicrobial and antitumor activities on 31 species of medicinal plants in Manokwari Regency]. Jurnal Natural, 6(1). Saragih, E.W., Sadsoeitoeboen, M.J., and Pattiselanno, F. 2010. The diet of spotted cuscus (Spilocuscus maculatus) in natural and captivity habitat. Nusantara Bioscience, 2(2), 78-83. Sarungallo, Z.L., Murtiningrum, and Paiki, S.N. 2009. Sifat Fisikokimia Minyak Kasar dan Hasil Degumming dari Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus L.) yang diekstrak secara Tradisional Merdey. [The physico-chemical properties of extracted crude oil and degumming results of Red Fruit (Pandanus conoideus L.) from Merdey]. Agrotek, 1, 6. Sawaki, M. 2006. Pemanfaatan Beberapa Jenis Tumbuhan Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Perahu Tradisional Oleh Masyarakat Kampung Yoboi Distrik Sentani Tengah Kabupaten Jayapura. [The use of some plants as raw material for building traditional boats in Yoboi village, Central Sentani District, Jayapura Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Sayori, Y. 2010. Intensitas pemanfaatan Kayu Arwob (Dodonea viscosa L.Jacq) sebagai kayu bakar di kampung Susi distrik Anggi kabupaten Manokwari. [The intensity of use of the tree Arwob (Dodonea viscosa L.Jacq) as firewood in Susi village, Anggi District, Manokwari Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua.

32 Schaefer, H., Heibl, C., and Renner, S.S. 2009. Gourds afloat: a dated phylogeny reveals an Asian origin of the gourd family (Cucurbitaceae) and numerous oversea dispersal events Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 276 (1658), 843851. Schiefenhövel, W. 2013. Biodiversity through Domestication: Examples from New Guinea Biodiversité et domestication : exemples de Nouvelle-Guinée. Revue d’ethnoécologie [En ligne], 3 | 2013, mis en ligne le 26 juin 2013, consulté le 29 avril 2014, 3. Schuiling, D.L. 2007. Sago Palm Bibliography: Annotated references to the literature on Metroxylon sagu Rottboell. Wageningen, Netherlands, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University. Segenil, K. 2013. Sistem Budidaya Tanaman Ubijalar (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamb) Berdasarkan Kearifan Lokal Penduduk Distrik Silimo Kabupaten Yahukimo. [The cultivation system of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lamb) according to the local knowledge of the people of Silimo District, Yahukimo Regency]. Masters thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua. Sekretariat Keadilan dan Perdamaian, K.A.M., 2004. Bisnis Gaharu dan Dampaknya Terhadap Kehidupan Orang Awyu dan Wiyagar di Distrik Assue, Kabupaten Mappi-Papua Selatan. [The Gaharu business and its impact on the lives of Awyu and Wiyagar people in Assue District, Mappi Regency, South Papua]. Merauke, Office of Justice and Peace, Archdiocese of Merauke, 77 p. Selvi, A., Nair, N.V., Noyer, J.L., Singh, N.K., Balasundaram, N., Bansal, K.C., Koundal, K.R., and Mohapatra, T. 2006. AFLP Analysis of the Phenetic Organization and Genetic Diversity in the Sugarcane Complex, Saccharum and Erianthus. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 53(4), 831-842. Sembori, F. and Tanjung, R.H.R. 2009. Inventarisasi Jenis Tumbuhan Pangan Lokal pada Masyarakat Ambaidiru Distrik Kosiwo, Kabupaten Yapen Waropen. [An inventory of local food plants in the Ambaidiru community, Kosiwo District, Yapen Waropen Regency]. Jurnal Biologi Papua, 1(1), 36-41. Setio, P., Lekitoo, Y.O., and Ginting, J. 1998. Habitat dan populasi burung Cenderawasih kuning kecil (Paradiseae minor jobiensis Rothschild) serta pengelolaan konservasi secara tradisional di Barawai, Yapen Timur. [Habitat and population of Lesser Bird of Paradise (Paradiseae minor jobiensis Rothschild), and traditional conservation management at Barawai, East Yapen District]. Buletin Penelitian Kehutanan, 3(2), 44-58. Setyawan, A.D. 2009. Traditionally utilization of Selaginella; field research and literature review. Nusantara Bioscience 1(3), 146-158. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "A Snack or a Necklace for a Day?" Vaccinium coelorum Wernham. "Makanan Kecil atau Kalung Sehari?" Vaccinium coelorum Wernham. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 1, 1-4. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "The Leaf of Love" Rhododendron ultimum Wernham. "Daun Cinta" Rhododendron ultimum Wernham. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 2, 1-4. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "Eyes Only for You"- Rhododendron versteegii J.J. Smith. "Mata Hanya Untukmu" - Rhododendron versteegii J.J. Smith. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 3, 1-4.

33 Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. A Showy High Elevation Tree Species of Rhododendron Rhododendron culminicolum F. Mueller. Spesies Rhododendron Data ran Tinggi yang Indah Rhododendron culminicolum F. Mueller. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 4, 1-4. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. A Tall Shrub Species of Rhododendron Rhododendron correoides J.J. Smith. Sem.ak Rhododendron yang Tinggi Rhododendron correoides J.J. Smith. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 5, 1-4. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. A Medium to Tall Rhododendron Shrub with Potential for the Rehabilitation of Overburden - Rhododendron gaultherifolium J.J. Smith. Semak Rhododendron yang Potensial untuk Rehabilitasi Overburden Rhododendron gaultherifolium J.J. Smith. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 6, 1-4. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. A Large Elaeocarpus for Overburden Rehabilitation Elaeocarpus densiflorus Knuth. Elaeocarpus Besar untuk Rehabilitasi Overburden Elaeocarpus densiflorus Knuth. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 7, 1-4. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. A Mountain Myrtle for Overburden Rehabilitation Xanthomyrtus compacta (Ridley) Diels Myrtle Gunung untuk Rehabilitasi Overburden - Xanthomyrtus compacta (Ridley) Diels. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 8, 1-4. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "Nature's One-A-Day Birth Control Pills" Podocarpus brassii Pilger. "Pil Harian Alami Pengontro Kelahiran" Podocarpus brassii Pilger. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 9, 1-4. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. A Tall Straight Southern Conifer for Overburden Rehabilitation Dacrycarpus cinctus (Pilger) de Laubenfels Pohon Tinggi Daun larum dari Selatan untuk Rehabilitasi Batuan Penutup Dacrycarpus cinctus (Pilger) de Laubenfels. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 10, 1-4. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. Farming a Nutritious Protein Source - Dacrycarpus compactus (Wasscher) de Laubenfels. Bercocok-tanam Sumber Nutrisi Protein Dacrycarpus compactus (Wasscher) de Laubenfels. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 11, 1-4. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "Protecting Your Piglets" Symplocos cochinchinensis (Loureiro) S. Moore var. orbicularis (Hemsley) Nooteboom "Melindungi Anak Babi Anda" Symplocos cochinchinensis (Loureiro) S. Moore var. orbicularis (Hemsley) Nooteboom. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 12, 1-4. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. A High Elevation Tree Species with a Southern Connection Tasmannia piperita {Hooker) Miers. Spesies Pohon Dataran Tinggi dari Selatan Tasmannia piperita (Hooker) Miers. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 13, 1-4. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "When Hunting, Let Them Come to You" Schefflera pagiophylla Harms. "Ketika Berburu, Biarkan Mereka Mendatangimu" Schefflera pagiophylla Harms. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 14, 1-4. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. All-Weather Kindling for High Elevation Survival Styphelia suaveolens (Hooker) Warburg. Bahan Bakar Segala Cuaca untuk Bertahan di Dataran Tinggi Styphelia suaveolens (Hooker) Warburg. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 15, 1-4.

34 Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "A Curse on the Evil" - Coprosma brassii Merrill & Perry. "Sebuah Kutukan untuk Kejahatan" - Coprosma brassii Merrill & Perry. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 16, 1-4. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "A High Elevation Malaria Prophylactic"- Olearia velutina Koster. "Obat Malaria dari Data ran Tinggi" - Olearia velutina Koster. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 17 (17-18), 1-6. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "Preventing Malaria Using A Mountain Tree Aster" Olearia lepidota Mattfeld. "Mencegah Malaria Dengan Pohon Aster Pegunungan" Olearia lepidota Mattfeld. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 18 (17-18), 7-12. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "A Traditional Treatment for Weaning a Child or Preventing Malaria" - Papuacalia versteegii (Mattfeld) Veldkamp "Cara Tradisional untuk Menyapih Anak atau untuk Mencegah Malaria"- Papuacalia versteegii (Mattfeld) Veldkamp. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 19 (19-20), 1-6. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "Desperate for a Smoke - Try the Local Weed" Papuacalia carstenszensis (van Royan) Veldkamp "Ketagihan Merokok - Coba Perdu Lokal" Papuacalia carstenszensis (van Royan) Veldkamp. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 20 (19-20), 6-12. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "A Common and Widespread Tree for Overburden Rehabilitation" - Rapanea communis van Royen "Pohon yang Telah Umum dan Tersebar Luas untuk Rehabilitasi Timbunan Batuan Penutup"Rapanea communis van Royen. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 21, 1-4. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "A Small to Medium Tree for Overburden Rehabilitation" Rapanea crenata van Royen "Pohon Berukuran Kecil Hingga Sedang untuk Rehabilitasi Overburden" - Rapanea crenata van Royen. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 22, 1-4 Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "An Attractive Rapanea Tree for Overburden Rehabilitation" - Rapanea papuana (Hemsley) Mez "Pohon Rapanea yang Atraktif untuk Rehabilitasi Overburden"- Rapanea papuana (Hemsley) Mez. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 23, 1-4. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "Pittosporum Species for Overburden Rehabilitation". "Spesies Pittosporum untuk Rehabilitasi Batuan Penutup''. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 24, 1-6. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "Attractive High Elevation Small Trees and Shrubs with Potential for Overburden Rehabilitation" - Dimorphanthera F. Mueller "Pohon Kecil dan Perdu Data ran Tinggi yang Menarik dan Potensial untuk Rehabilitasi Overburden"- Dimorphanthera F. Mueller. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 25, 1-6 Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "A Prayer for a Safe Journey" Gaultheria Kalm ex Linaeus. "Mantera untuk Keselamatan dalam Perjalanan" Gaultheria Kalm ex Linaeus. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 26 (26-27), 1-6. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "New Guinea Mountain Raspberry for Overburden Rehabilitation"- Rubus diclinis F. Mueller. "Pohon Buah Berry Pegunungan New Guinea untuk Rehabilitasi Overburden"- Rubus diclinis F. Mueller. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 27 (26-27), 7-12.

35 Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "Melanesian Mountain Raspberry for Overburden Rehabilitation" - Rubus ferdinandi-muelleri Focke. "Pohon Buah Berry Gunung dari Melanesian untuk Rehabilitasi Overburden" - Rubus ferdinandi-muelleri Focke. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 28, 1-4. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "Lorentz's Mountain Raspberry for Overburden Rehabilitation" -Rubus lorentzianus Pulle. "Pohon Buah Berry Pegunungan Lorentz untuk Rehabilitasi Overburden"- Rubus lorentzianus Pulle. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 29, 14. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "A Scrambling Mountain Blackberry for Overburden Rehabilitation"- Rubus tsirivan Royen "Buah Berry Hitam untuk Rehabilitasi Overburden" - Rubus tsirivan Royan. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 30, 1-4 Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "Kloss's Low Aster Shrub" - Tetramo/opium klossii (Moore) Mattfeld. "Semak Aster Kloss Rendah" - Tetramolopium klossii (Moore) Mattfeld. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 31 (31-32), 1-6. Shea, G., Sarosa, W., and Zongganau, D. "A Multi-Purposed Southern Conifer" Podocarpus pilgeri Foxw.. "Konifer Serbaguna dari Dunia Selatan" Podocarpus pilgeri Foxw. Nemangkawi Research Note No. 32 (31-32), 7-12. Shea, G.A., Sarosa, W., and Uamang, P. 2006. Ethnobotany of subalpine and alpine plants on Mt. Jaya: Knowing our mine environment. Indonesia, P.T. Hatfindo Prima for Environmental Department, PT Freeport Indonesia, 38 p. Sheil, D., van Heist, M., Boissiere, M., Liswanti, N., Basuki, I., and Wan, M. 2004. Building Capacity for Multidisciplinary Landscape Assessment in Papua: three phases of training and pilot assessments in the Mamberamo Basin A report based on work jointly undertaken in 2004 by the Center for International Forestry Research, Conservation International (Papua Program), Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI), 18 Papua-based Trainees, and the people of Papasena-I and Kwerba Villages. http://www.cifor.org/mla/download/publication/CIFOR%20MLA%20Papua%20Report.pdf (accessed 20 April 2014) Siburian, R.H.S. 2009. Keragaman Genetik Gyrinops verstegii asal Papua Berdasarkan RAPD dan Mikrosatelit. [Genetic diversity of Papuan Gyrinops verstegii based on RAPD and Microsatellite]. MSc Thesis, Bogor, Bogor Agriculture University. Sidjabat, S.N.J. 2000. Identifikasi jenis pohon yang kulitnya digunakan sebagai kanvas lukisan pada masyarakat Sentani kabupaten Jayapura. [Identification of the types of tree used for barkcloth painting by the Sentani people, Jayapura Regency]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Faperta Uncen. Sihite, D.I.J., Ir. Obed N. Lense, M.S., Ir. Retno Suratri, M.S., Ir. Chandra Gustiar, M.S., and Sergius Kosamah, S. 2006. Bintuni Bay Nature Reserve Management Plan Irian Jaya; Barat Province 2006-2030, The Nature Conservancy (TNC), Southeast Asia Center for Marine Protected Areas (SEACMPA). http://www.reefbase.org/resource_center/publication/pub_25170.aspx (accessed 20 April 2014). Simanjuntak, S. 2004. Jenis-Jenis Bambu dan Pemanfaatannya Oleh Penduduk Lokal Kampung Lobo Distrik Kaimana. [Bamboo types and their use by residents of Lobo village, Kaimana District]. Undergraduate thesis, Manokwari, Universitas Negeri Papua.

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