Ethnobotanical survey of plants grown in agriculture in Transylvania, Romania

1

Ethnobotanical survey of plants grown in agriculture in Transylvania, Romania Nóra Papp and Tímea Bencsik Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Pécs, 2 Rókus street, Pécs, Hungary, H7624 1

Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract The traditional agricultural system encompasses archaic ancestral elements in the regions of Transylvania, a part of Romania. We overviewed 65 Hungarian and Romanian works published in the topic of agriculture of Transylvania since the 1960s. Among the listed Downloaded From IP - 59.90.200.68 on dated 31-Mar-2015

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105 plants, the cultivated taxa have been mentioned as food plants and vegetables. People use the fruit-bearing plants mostly to make beverages and conserved products, while other ones as fodder, dyeing and sacramental plants, or in special ethnomedicinal practices and local ceremonies, too. The documented data contain both subsistent and disappeared elements in the selected period, which highlights the necessity of the ethnobotanical collecting works in the country nowadays. Key words: ethnobotany, food plant, vegetable, fodder, medicinal plant

Introduction

significant role in the everyday life of the

People living in isolated settlements

people in these regions.

generally

Transylvania,

work

in

self-sufficient

an

extended

part

of

occupations worldwide due to the lack of

Romania is inhabited by the ethnic

well-organised infrastructure, alimentary

groups of Széklers and Csángós, who

service,

and

speak in Hungarian and Romanian. They

veterinary attendance, and pharmacy.

live mostly in isolated villages, which are

Agricultural

located in the mountains far from major

permanent

medical

activities

including

the

production of plants used as food, fodder,

settlements.

or

devices,

activities have been surveyed from the

play

19th

dyeing

handicrafts,

plants, or

as

and

in

timber

a

century

Traditional

including

agricultural

local

and

scientific name of grown plant species,

Agrica 2(1&2) 2013, 1-26

ISSN 2320-1193

2

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their

use

and

connected

customs.

with their varieties cultivated in the

Reported data have been published

agriculture

mainly in Hungarian and Romanian

Kóczián et al., 1976; Rab et al., 1981;

articles, books, and monographs. In these

Rab, 1982; Szabó, 2002; Antalné, 2003;

works, local name of the plants are

Babai and Molnár, 2009; Molnár and

usually

Babai,

based

on

Romanian

words

(Kóczián

2009;

et

al.,

Fancsali,

1975;

2010).

(Péntek, 1974), or their morphological

Ethnobotanical data were completed by

features and local use in Transylvania.

magical and irrational elements applied in

The main aim of this summary was to

various customs of the Csángós’ in

review Hungarian agricultural data and

Moldova

traditions in connection with the plants

1973; Halászné, 1981; Benedek, 1997;

used as food, fodder, and in local

Csoma, 2000; Halász, 2010), and Uz-

ethnomedicine and customs published in

valley (Frendl et al., 2007; Papp et al.,

the 19-20th centuries in Transylvania.

2013), as well.

(Diószegi,

1960;

Bosnyák,

Traditional knowledge of Székler people, Study areas

who are also in close relation with the

Several Transylvanian regions have been

nature, was also studied for the archaic

surveyed ethnobotanically in the main

values of agricultural activities and

works of Borza (1968) and Butura

traditional

(1979), which include numerous plants

treatments. For example, ethnobotanical

with Romanian and Hungarian vernacular

inventories were carried out in the area of

names and local use. Vörös has prepared

the old Bucovina (Grynaeus and Szabó,

a detailed etymological summary (2007)

2002), Zona Călata (Kovács, 1976;

containing local names of plants known

Kóczián et al., 1977; Péntek, 1980;

in Hungary and Romania.

Péntek, 1982; Péntek, 1984; Péntek and

Among

Csángós’

of

plants

in

home

Ghimes

Szabó, 1985; Vasas, 1985; Szabó, 2002),

surveyed

Ciuc (Miklóssy, 1980; Pálfalvi, 1999;

ethnobotanically first time in the country

Kosz, 2010), Gheorgheni (Tarisznyás,

(Holló and Rácz, 1968). Reports of

1978; Rab, 2000), Trei Scaune (Péntek

Ghimes

home

and Szabó, 1976), Cașin (Pintér et al.,

treatments, as food and fodder, and taxa

1974), Neaua (Zillmann, 1997), Aiud

mountains

regions,

use

were

list

plants

Agrica 2(1&2) 2013, 1-26

used

in

ISSN 2320-1193




3

(Vita, 1994), Borsa-valley (Vajkai, 1943),

and Romanian local name of the plants

Homoród (Gub, 1993,1994,1996,2005),

are written in italic.

Covasna (Rácz and Füzi, 1973; Zakariás,

Capsicum annuum (Table 3), a widely

1995; Bartha et al., 2011; Bartha, 2013),

cultivated basic plant is traditionally used

and along Kis- and Nagy-Homoród rivers

in various foods. The plant has several

presenting several new data about the

forms based on the shape and colour of

local use of plants (Frendl, 2001,2002a,b;

the fruit, e.g. C. a. var. grossum (L.)

Boris, 2010; Erdei, 2011; Papp, 2011;

Sendter (local names: gogosari, arde,

Papp and Horváth, 2013). Ornamental

árdé), C. a. var. longum (DC.) Sendter,

plants were documented by Péntek

C. a. var. cerasiforme Willd., C. a. var.

(1980); while wild edible species were

frutescens L. (Borza, 1968), C. a. convar.

reviewed by Dénes et al. (2012) in the

grossum provar. tetragonum (gogos), C.

Carpathian Basin.

a. convar. longum (csípőspaprika), and

The selected regions are usually not

C.

provided by medical attendance and

(cseresznyepaprika) (Gub, 1993).

pharmacy due to their isolation and big

Fruits of Lycopersicon esculentum (Table

distance from other settlements. Although

8) also vary in form, size, and colour. Its

some communities use official services

varieties are called ökörszív and rio del

and media sources, the rural people

fugo in Bățanii Mari (Papp, unpublished).

know, collect, and use plants from their

Pisum sativum (Table 10) is one of the

environment for their local practices, as

most important vegetable used in each

well.

part of the country. In Zona Călata, two

a.

convar.

annuum

varieties are known: kerti borsó and Elementary

plants

in

the

lúfogú lencse (Péntek and Szabó, 1985).

Transylvanian agriculture

Phaseolus vulgaris (Table 10) is more

In this section, we summarize the most

widespread all over the country. The

important species together with their

types can be distinguished according to

subspecies, varieties, convarieties, or

the climbing (karós, folyós, felfolyós) or

provarieties

not climbing forms with general names of

documented

in

various

regions of the country. The Hungarian

gyalogfaszulyka, gyalogpaszuly

Agrica 2(1&2) 2013, 1-26

gyalogfuszulyka, (Fancsali,

2010),

or

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4

gyalogos (Boris, 2010). These terms play

Several varieties were observed in the

an important role in the terminology and

case of Solanum tuberosum (Table 13),

classification of beans cultivated in

the second most important plant in the

Transylvania (Péntek, 1978). In Zona

Transylvanian agriculture. Tubers are

Călata, Ph. v. convar. vulgaris was

used primarily as food, secondly as

documented having 47 varieties with

fodder and for medicinal purposes. The

more than 100 local names, whereas Ph.

following

v. convar. nanus (gyalogbab; Gub, 1993)

species were described in the country:

with 25 varieties and more than 80 local

cartofi albi, c. ceangăi, c. de iarnă, c. de

names (Péntek and Szabó, 1985). The

lună, c. de vară, c. galbeni, c. păsătoşi, c.

varieties Juliska, emberképű, ceruza bab,

porceşti, c. roz, and c. săpunari (Borza,

zsidóírásos, gyéktojás, aranyeső, tarka

1968). In Zona Călata, varieties called

bab, sárga bab, and

Gülbaba, csegezi, cserepeshaju bojóka,

vajbab were

Romanian

described in the old Bucovina (Grynaeus

dongaji

and Szabó, 2002), while pujbab and

pityóka, hópehej, hópej, kifli, kík bojóka,

horágosbab were found in Moldova

Nániék

(Halász, 2010). In Homoród, Ph. v. var.

takarmánybojóka,

subcompressus (fehér karósbab) and Ph.

Titóé féle, vásárheji piros, and veres

v. convar. vulgaris (karósbab) (Gub,

bojóka were known (Péntek and Szabó,

1993) were identified scientifically, while

1985), whereas in Homoród the type

we collected only the local names of the

hópehely, májuskirálynő, némapityóka,

other types: fehér, tarka, elejin termő,

rózsa (Gub, 1993), kifli, eleintermő, and

felmenő

bihalfuszulyka,

piros késői were introduced by rural

Ilonka, gránát, korai sárga, korai ződ,

people (Boris, 2010). Among the foods

and cérna (Boris, 2010). Besides this

prepared from the tuber, pityókatokány

region,

can be mentioned as a well-known soup

fehér

karós,

varieties

called

Ilona

and

sárgabojóka,

names of this

féle,

Ella,

nyári

fontos

rózsa,

takarmánymogyoró,

Mindenasszon were found in Merești,

throughout the country.

cirkás, kődökös, and babos in Crăciunel,

Numerous hybrids and convarieties of

as well as fehér apró gyalog and tarka

Zea mays (Table 14) are cultivated and

(cirombás)

in

Bățanii

unpublished). Agrica 2(1&2) 2013, 1-26

Mari

(Papp,

used as food and fodder in Homoród, for example

Z.

m.

convar.

dentiformis ISSN 2320-1193

5

(lófogú

kukorica),




microsperma

Z.

m.

provar.

convar.

The

following

varieties

of

Prunus

gracillima

domestica (Table 11) were documented:

(gyöngyszemű kukorica), Z. m. convar.

P. d. ssp. domestica (nemes szilva) and P.

mircosperma

oryzoides

d. ssp. rotunda (ringlószilva) in Homoród

(rizsszemű kukorica), Z. m. convar.

(Gub, 1993), fosóka, bárdás, odolyeán,

saccharata (csemegekukorica), and Z. m.

birtók, and horgasmagvú szilva, kulkudu,

convar. vulgaris (kemémyszemű kukorica)

and édesszilva in Moldova (Halász,

(Gub, 1993). Maize

flour plays a

2010). Along the Kis- and Nagy-

significant

the

Homoród

provar.

role

in

traditional

rivers,

Kolozsvári

and

preparation of puliszka (Hungarian) or

hargasmagvú are known in Sânpaul,

mămăligă (Romanian), an elementary

horgasmagvú, nyári, and sárga szilva in

food in the selected regions.

Crăciunel. In Bățanii Mari, édes szilva is

Climatic

and

geographical

features

also

called

ringló,

magvaváló,

and

influence the cultivation of fruit trees in

besztercei (Papp, unpublished).

Transylvania. Among the oldest fruit

Old and archaic varieties of Pyrus

species, Malus domestica (Table 8) can

communis (Table 11) were summarized

be mentioned with several varieties

in the work of Nagy-Tóth (2006)

(Nagy-Tóth, 1998), e.g. borozdásalma,

containing data about the size, shape,

cigányalma,

and

colour, and pericarp of fruits, as well as

szappanalma in Bucovina (Grynaeus and

the size of peduncle, sepals, seed, and

Szabó, 2002), ficfaalma, bolondalma,

leaf. In Homoród, its varieties are called

édesalma, jonatán, kógyis alma, oltovány

búzávalérő,

alma, ordos alma, piroska-alma, őszi

mézkörte, pergament, pirosbelű, sóskörte

bolond, and őszi alma in Moldova

(Gub, 1993), gagyás körte (Boris, 2010),

(Halász, 2010), jonatán, pónik, and renet

mézbelű, őszi vajkörte, téli körte (in

rozzsalérő,

Sânpaul), fekete körte, and pirosbelű

in

pogácsaalma,

Sânpaul,

citromalma,

whereas korai

(Klára),

Jonared,

Budai Domokos, pónyi, renet, őszi alma, and

batur

in

Bățanii Mari (Papp,

unpublished).

vackor

(in

magonkőtt,

Crăciunel)

(Papp,

unpublished); in Moldova they are named bikabőrű

körte,

Nagyboldogasszony

körtéje, nyakas körte, őszi körte, téli körte,

Agrica 2(1&2) 2013, 1-26

dilkörte,

csömögérkörte,

ligoráskörte, ISSN 2320-1193




6

papkörte, and nyivadós körte (Halász,

Among the reported species Allium cepa,

2010), as well as téli and nyári körte in

Solanum

tuberosum,

Bățanii Mari (Papp, unpublished).

vulgaris

can

The climate is less appropriate for the

numerous varieties and being the most

cultivation of Vitis vinifera (Table 14),

popular taxa used in local foods. Triticum

which grows only in few regions of the

aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, and Avena

country having about 100 old varieties

sativa are the main types of cereals.

(Borza, 1968). This species and the

Livestock keeping in farms require

produced wines are less popular products

several fodder grown besides the food

of the Transylvanian agriculture.

plants, such as Anthyllus vulneraria,

Discussion

Lolium multiflorum, Lotus corniculatus,

Vegetables, fruit trees and shrubs are of

Morus nigra, Trifolium and Vicia sp.

pivotal importance in the life of rural

In ethnomedicinal treatments, people use

people in Transylvania. The studied 65

decoction, tea, tincture, cream, foment,

references include 105 plants cultivated

rubber, and bath prepared from species

in the agriculture since the 1960s. The

cultivated in agriculture and kitchen-

local attitudes of rural people are

gardens (Papp et al., 2013). They are

associated with the cultivating traditions

used in both human (e.g. Brassica

in the studied regions. Cultivated taxa are

oleracea,

used in fresh, ground, boiled, or cooked

Levisticum

forms as food, fodder, dyeing plants, and

ethnoveterinary

sacramentals, as well as in local healing

Lycopersicon

methods

acetosa, Secale cereale) to treat several

and

customs,

handicrafts,

be

and

Phaseolus

mentioned

Citrullus

lanatus,

officinale), medicines esculentum,

having

and and (e.g. Rumex

timber, and construction. Among basic

disorders.

food types, green vegetables and cereals

Some of the summarized species were

are consumed in soup, garnish, vegetable,

cultivated long ago or only in kitchen

salad, pickle, and spice, whereas jam,

gardens (e.g. Brassica nigra, Cannabis

compote, syrup, wine, liqueur, or brandy

sativa, Cicer arietinum, Coriandrum

are made from fruit-bearing species

sativum, Fagopyrum esculentum, Lens

(Table 1-14).

culinaris, Nicotiana tabacum, Sinapis alba, Vicia faba); nowadays some of

Agrica 2(1&2) 2013, 1-26

ISSN 2320-1193




7

them are known as ornamental plants,

Babai D, Molnár Zs (2009). Népi

such as Amaranthus caudatus or A.

növényzetismeret

lividus.

Termőhely- és élőhelyismeret. Bot Közl.,

Cultivated

plants

play

an

Gyimesben

II.

important role in special predictions (e.g.

96(1–2): pp 145-173.

Allium sativum), and as dyeing materials

Bartha S, Balogh L, Papp N (2011). Népi

(e.g.

gyógynövényismereti

Allium

cepa,

Juglans

regia),

adatok

protective symbols against bad spirits,

Nagybaconban

and sacramentals in local rituals (Ocimum

Gyógyszerészet Suppl., pp 23-24.

basilicum). Handicrafts and tools made

Bartha

from cultivated plants and used in

gyógynövényismeret Erdővidéken. MSc

Transylvanian

Thesis. University of Pécs, Pécs

households

are

és

SG

környékén.

(2013).

Népi

widespread, such as in case of the fruit of

Benedek HE (1997). Adalékok egy

Lagenaria siceraria and stem of Sorghum

moldvai

bicolor.

növényismeretéhez. In: Pozsony F (ed)

These reported data show great diversity

Kriza János Néprajzi Társaság Évkönyve

of

5. Dolgozatok a moldvai csángók népi

the

traditional

agriculture

in

csángó

kultúrájáról.

are also known and used nowadays,

Társaság, Cluj-Napoca, pp 150-168.

cultivation of some taxa were practically

Boris Gy (2010). Gyógynövények népi

decreased in the everyday life of the

használata a székelyföldi Lövétén. BSc

indigenous

Thesis. University of Pécs, Pécs

recently.

This

János

népi

Transylvania. Although several species

people

Kriza

falu

Néprajzi

phenomenon necessitates further field

Borza A (1968). Dictionar etnobotanic.

trips to collect traditional elements of

Editura Academiei Republicii Socialiste

agriculture in these regions.

Romania, Bucharest

References Antalné TM (2003). Gyimes-völgyi népi gyógyászat.

Európa

Folklór

Intézet,

L’Harmattan, Budapest

Agrica 2(1&2) 2013, 1-26

ISSN 2320-1193

8

Table 1 Plants in agriculture used in Transylvania I Scientific Local name Part Use and preparation name used Allium cepa L. piroshagyma, bulb cold and pneumonia, pirihagyma, diuretics, gastrointestinal vereshagyma, spasm - together with fruit veresshagyma, scale of Carum carvi and vöröshagyma, Pimpinella anisum as fehérhagyma decoction furuncle - together with pine resin, milk, honey, and soap; to dye clothes and eggs in Easter




Allium sativum L.

Fokhagyma

bulb

Allium apróhagyma, leaf schoenoprasum dughagyma, L. kitsiny hagyma, pázsithagyma, metélő hagyma Amaranthus bojtvirág, seed caudatus L. elefántormánya, kakastaréj, pújkaor, pulykaorr Amaranthus lividus L. Anethum graveolens L.

Agrica 2(1&2) 2013, 1-26

kapar, kapor

fruit

pneumonia, cold, pertussis, headache, earache, toothache, high blood pressure, arthritis; appetizing and vermifuge,warts, furuncle, and stroke in pork fat; protective symbol

spice, vegetable, to flavour foods in diet

Reference Borza, 1968; Kóczián et al., 1975; Kóczián et al., 1976; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Halászné, 1981; Keszeg, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Halászné, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Gub, 2005; Boris, 2010; Papp et al., 2011; Papp et al., 2013; Bartha 2013 Borza, 1968; Kóczián et al., 1975; Kóczián et al., 1976; Butura, 1979; Halászné, 1981; Keszeg, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Halászné, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Gub, 2005; Boris, 2010; Bartha 2013 Borza, 1968; Csedő, 1980; Papp et al., 2013

cultivated long ago, nowadays ornamental plant

Borza, 1968; Péntek and Szabó, 1985

cultivated long ago, nowadays ornamental plant spice for food made by pumpkin and pickle; stomach and urinary problems, headache, insomnia, cardiac asthma, artheriosclerosis, laxative as tea

Borza, 1968; Péntek and Szabó, 1985 Borza, 1968; Kóczián et al., 1975; Kóczián et al., 1976; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980;Keszeg, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Halász, 2010; Papp et ISSN 2320-1193

9




al., 2013; Bartha 2013 Table 2 Plants in agriculture used in Transylvania II Scientific name Local name Part Use and used preparation Anthyllis luhere, herb Fodder vulneraria L. macskaköröm, csoda here, nyúlszapuka, macksa here Apium graveolens celler, cëllër, leaf, root vegetable, in L. kerti celler, soup; urinary czeller, zeller problems, rheuma, and cold as tea, diuretic, expectorant, high blood pressure, roborant Armoracia turma, torma root for cold, cough, lapathifolia Usteri and pneumonia in fresh form together with honey, rheuma leaf and headache as foment, antipyretic applied on palm or sole, for tuberculosis in veterinary medicine; to preserve pickles for fever as foment Artemisia tárkony, tarcón, herb pickle in vinegar, dracunculus L. tarhón, tárhon, meats and soup, tárkon, arthritis, high tárkonyüröm blood pressure and toothache as tea, for cold as tincture, for stomach disorders, sedative, appetizing Atriplex hortensis kerti laboda, leaf for soup (ciorbă) L. laboda, and pancake; spárgaspenót, relict; reduced spenót cultivation Avena sativa L. zab, bükköny, herb fodder; together bükken with Allium cepa Agrica 2(1&2) 2013, 1-26

Reference Borza, 1968; Péntek and Szabó, 1985

Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Keszeg, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010Bartha 2013;

Borza, 1968; Kóczián et al., 1975; Kóczián et al., 1976; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Halászné, 1981; Keszeg, 1981; Rab, 1982; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Gub, 2005; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010; Papp et al., 2011; Bartha 2013; Papp et al., 2013

Borza, 1968; Rácz and Füzi, 1973; Kóczián et al., 1975; Kóczián et al., 1976; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Halászné, 1981; Rab, 1982; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010 Borza, 1968; Péntek and Szabó, 1985

Borza, 1968; Kóczián et al., 1975; Kóczián et al., ISSN 2320-1193

10




fruit

and Zea mays as diaphoretic, cold, cough, toothache, rheuma, enteritis diuretic and expectorant as tea, for burn wound; warmed seeds in bag for backache

Table 3 Plants in agriculture used in Transylvania III Scientific name Local name Part Use and used preparation Beta vulgaris L. Cukorrépa root vegetable, syrup var. altissima (instead of sugar); Döll. pneumonia, leaf enteritis, dysentery, stomach disorders, vermifuge furuncle as foment Beta vulgaris L. Cékla tuber vegetable, pickle; ssp. vulgaris var. liver conditiva Alef. leaf insufficiency, roborant furuncle as foment, wound in veterinary medicine Brassica nigra fekete mustár cultivated long (L.) Koch ago; nowadays it grows as weed; rheuma as foment Brassica oleracea Káposzta leaf sap of sour L. cabbage for nausea, diuretic, laxative; together with flour for scabies; for frozen body parts, chilblain, and fever as foment Brassica oleracea kalarábé, tuber vegetable; L. var. kalóráb, répa inflammed knie gongyloides L. káposzta, and chest as téli/korai/kései foment karalábé Brassica oleracea olasz káposzta, leaf Vegetable L. convar. kelkáposzta Agrica 2(1&2) 2013, 1-26

1976; Butura, 1979; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Halászné, 1993; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010

Reference Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010

Kóczián et al., 1975; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010; Papp et al., 2013; Bartha 2013

Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Péntek and Szabó, 1985 Borza, 1968; Kóczián et al., 1975; Kóczián et al., 1976; Keszeg, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010; Papp et al., 2011; Papp et al., 2013 Borza, 1968; Gub, 1993; Papp et al., 2013; Bartha 2013

Borza, 1968; Gub, 1993 ISSN 2320-1193

11

capitata L. var. sabauda L. Cannabis sativa L.

magvaskender, kender

seed

stem




Capsicum annuum L.

árdé, ardéj, paprika

fruit

cultivated until the 1960s; for worms in veterinary medicine, burn wound as ash, vermifuge as tea weaving long ago vegetable; rheuma, in brandy for gastrointestinal spasm, together with pepper for diarrhoea; blown into cataract of cow in ground form

Table 4 Plants in agriculture used in Transylvania IV Scientific name Local name Part Use and used preparation Carthamus sofrán, sofránt, stigma for jaundice tinctorius L. paraszttogether with sáfrány, wine and sugar tótsáfrány, vadsáfrány Carum carvi L. köminy, kömin, fruit cough, asthma, kömind, and stomach köménd, disorders as kümén, kemén, tea,carminative, keménmag, antiseptic; in soup kömén, kömény and brandy

Cicer arietinum L.

Cichorium intybus L.

Agrica 2(1&2) 2013, 1-26

csicseriborsó, csiseriborsó, csicsiriborsó, hólyagborsó, borsó, bagolyborsó katánkóré, katángkóré, katánkóró, kotánkóré, kék

fruit

cultivated between the rows of maize until the 1950s; for urinary problems

herb

high blood pressure as tea, furuncle, cough, stomach, liver and

leaf,

Borza, 1968; Rácz and Füzi, 1973; Kóczián et al., 1976; Halászné, 1981; Gub, 1993; Halászné, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Halász, 2010; Bartha 2013 Borza, 1968; Csedő, 1980; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Halász, 2010; Bartha 2013

Reference Borza, 1968; Péntek and Szabó, 1985

Borza, 1968; Rácz and Füzi, 1973; Kóczián et al., 1975; Kóczián et al., 1976; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Halászné, 1981; Keszeg, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Rab, 1982; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Gub, 2005; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010; Bartha 2013 Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Péntek and Szabó, 1985

Borza, 1968; Rácz and Füzi, 1973; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Halászné, 1981; Rab, 1982; Péntek ISSN 2320-1193

12

katáng, kék kotáng, ketánvirág, kávékatáng, májburján, csikória, cikoria jajkoró, tzikoria, tzikoria fü, cikória görögdinnye, dinnye

flower root

bile disorders; together with herb of Linaria vulgaris Mill. for jaundice as tea for wound supplement of coffee

and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Gub, 2005; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010; Papp et al., 2011; Bartha 2013

fruit

Coriandrum sativum L.

koriánder, korijánder, kolijander

fruit

Borza, 1968; Keszeg, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Butura, 1979; Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010 Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Péntek and Szabó, 1985

Cornus mas L.

somfa, húsos somfa, som

fruit

cultivated hardly in this climate; ground seed as diuretics and for pox as tea cultivated until the 1950s; stomach and bowel disorders as tea compote, syrup, jam; stomach disorders and diarrhoea as brandy or liqueur burn wound as astringent




Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Mansf.

young shoot

Table 5 Plants in agriculture used in Transylvania V Scientific name Local name Part Use and used preparation Corylus avellana magyarófa, fruit food plant L. magyaró, dry sap for impetigo fájimagyaró, woody after burning magyorófa, parts magyaru, leaf for wound as mogyoró foment Cucumis sativus ugorka, ugórka, fruit vegetable; wart, L. ogorka, uborka sap together with salt for nausea; fruit peel for toothache Cucurbita maxima Duch.

Sütőtök

fruit

food plant

Cucurbita pepo L.

disznótök, takarmánytök, főzőtök, marhatök,

fruit

vegetable; cultivated between the rows of maize;

Agrica 2(1&2) 2013, 1-26

Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Gub, 2005; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010

Reference Borza, 1968; Rácz and Füzi, 1973; Csedő, 1980; Rab, 1982; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Halász, 2010; Bartha 2013 Borza, 1968; Keszeg, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Halász, 2010; Bartha 2013 Borza, 1968; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010 Borza, 1968; Keszeg, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and ISSN 2320-1193

13

úritök, bósztán, tök




Cydonia oblonga Mill.

vermifuge

bírskörti, birkörte, körti, birs

fruit

Daucus carota L. subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Arcang.

murok, kerti murok, sárgarépa

root

Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.

haricska, háritska, karicska, pohánka, hajdina édeskömény

herb

Foeniculum vulgare Mill.

bark

fruit

food plant, compote, jam, liqueur; cold and heart failure diarrhoea as tea sap for stomach cramp, in grated form for jaundice and enteritis, vermifuge for children, together with tuber of Solanum tuberosum and milk for burnt wound cultivated long ago

cultivated in kitchen gardens long ago; diuretic, galagtogogue; digestive problems and cramps in veterinary medicine

Table 6 Plants in agriculture used in Transylvania VI Scientific name Local name Part Use and used preparation Fragaria vesca L. erdei eper, fruit food plant, lányeper, root compote, syrup, lejányeper, jam kerek eper, leaf anaemia, cold, erdeji eperfü, herb digestive földi eperj, eper problems; diuretic; stimulation of rumination as tea diarrhoea as tea muscular pain as bath Helianthus annuus forgó, forgóu, fatty oil cultivated until Agrica 2(1&2) 2013, 1-26

Szabó, 2002; Gub, 2005; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010; Bartha 2013 Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Keszeg, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Halász, 2010 Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010; Papp et al., 2011; Papp et al., 2013; Bartha 2013

Borza, 1968; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Halász, 2010

Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Bartha 2013

Reference Borza, 1968; Rácz and Füzi, 1973; Kóczián et al., 1976; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Gub, 2005; 2010; Halász, 2010; Bartha 2013; Papp et al., 2013; Boris

Borza, 1968; Butura, ISSN 2320-1193

14

L.

naprafórgóu, naputánjáró, napvirág, tányér virág, napraforgó

of seed

Helianthus tuberosus L.

árvapityóka, disznópityóka, édespityóka, tótrépa, csóka, csicsóka Árpa

tuber

Hordeum vulgare L.

herb, fruit




seed

Humulus lupulus L.

Komló

herb

the 1960s; laxative, antipyretic, cold, headache and earache, against lice in veterinary medicine vegetable, fodder

fodder, cereals; cold and high blood pressure in human medicine as tea, dysentery of pigs, vermifuge for horses warmed seeds in bag for backache varieties in cultivation; stem in soup and baskets; jaundice and tuberculosis; in beer and breadbaking

Table 7 Plants in agriculture used in Transylvania VII Scientific name Local name Part Use and used preparation Juglans regia L. dijófa, fás dijó, fruit food plant; liver dijó, divó, problems and gyivó leaf cough, sap for cramp, kidney root stone dyeing, insecticid; jaundice, rheuma as bath, stomach disorders with milk for rheuma as foment, soaked in water Lactuca sativa L. sajáta, fősaláta, leaf several varieties; sojáta, saláta vegetable, salad; wound Agrica 2(1&2) 2013, 1-26

1979; Csedő, 1980; Halászné, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010; Bartha 2013 Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Halász, 2010 Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Keszeg, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010; Bartha 2013

Borza, 1968; Rácz and Füzi, 1973; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Gub, 2005; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010 Bartha 2013

Reference Borza, 1968; Rácz and Füzi, 1973; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Keszeg, 1981; Rab, 1982; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Gub, 2005; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010; Papp et al., 2011; Bartha 2013

Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Halász, 2010 ISSN 2320-1193

15

Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley




Lathyrus tuberosus L.

Lavandula angustifolia Mill.

lopó, lopóu, lopóutök, szivó, szivótök, köpely, lopótök barabójvirág, borsóvirág, vadborsó, csicsirivirág, csuma, csunya, jenyestye, juliszta, julisztavirág, csunyvirág, borsó viloja, borsó viola, disznó-pityóka mogyorós bükköny nevendula, levendula

Lens culinaris Medik.

lentse, lencse

Levisticum officinale Koch.

lóstyán, leostyán, leustyán, léstyán, leostyán, lobostök, lestyán

fruit

device for storage of oil, exsuction of vinegar and wine from barrel cultivated at the beginning of the 1940s; food plant, mostly for children wound

Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Gub, 2005; Halász, 2010 Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Halász, 2010

cultivated long time ago; for respiratory problems and cramp, stimulant; against moth seed cultivated long ago; vegetable; diuretics herb, leaf spice; chills, stomach disorders, diuretics in human medicine as tea; wound, cough, together with salt and rancid fat of pork for digestive problems, sting of fly as rubber in veterinary medicine; grown to keep off snakes; against headache in fresh form

Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Boris, 2010; Papp et al., 2011

tuber leaf

flower

Table 8 Plants in agriculture used in Transylvania VIII Scientific name Local name Part Use and used preparation Linum lenvirág, len seed laxative (chewed), usitatissimum L. purulent wound and abscess Agrica 2(1&2) 2013, 1-26

Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Péntek and Szabó, 1985 Borza, 1968; Kóczián et al., 1976; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Halászné, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Halász, 2010; Boris, 2010; Bartha 2013

Reference Borza, 1968; Rácz and Füzi, 1973; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Keszeg, ISSN 2320-1193

16

(ground) together with milk as foment; warm seed oil for earache Lolium multiflorum Lam. Lotus corniculatus L. Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.

Olaszperje

herb

Fodder

szárvaskerep, szárvaskereszt, szárvaskerep paradicsom alma, paradicsom

herb

Fodder

fruit

several con- and provarieties; furuncle and wound in fresh form, lack of appetite of pigs in boiled form rheuma as bath several varieties; compote, jam, brandy, soup; ground for diarrhoea of children, fruit peel as tea, stomach disorders cold, sore throat, stomach and liver disorders, cramp, inflammation, wound, pneumonia, toothache, earache, diuretic, laxative, antimicrobial as tea




herb

Malus domestica Borkn.

álmafa, álma, alma

fruit

Matricaria recutita L.

kamella, szíkfű, székfűvirág, szegfűvirág, ezerjófű, édesalmabüzü, almabüzü, mezei szelefü, nádra fü, székfű, kamilla

herb

Medicago sativa L.

lúcérna, lócérna, vadlucerna, lucerne

herb

fodder; against menstrual pain in brandy

Table 9 Plants in agriculture used in Transylvania IX Scientific name Local name Part Use and used preparation Melissa officinalis kerti méh fü, herb, leaf spice, insomnia, Agrica 2(1&2) 2013, 1-26

1981; Halászné, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Halászné, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010; Bartha 2013; Péntek and Szabó, 1985 Borza, 1968; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Bartha 2013 Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Keszeg, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Halászné, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010; Bartha 2013; Butura, 1979; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Halász, 2010

Borza, 1968; Rácz and Füzi, 1973; Kóczián et al., 1975; Kóczián et al., 1976; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Halászné, 1981; Keszeg, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Halászné, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Gub, 2005; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010; Papp et al., 2011; Papp et al., 2013 Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002

Reference Borza, 1968; Butura, ISSN 2320-1193




17

L.

citromfű

Mentha crispa L.

fodorminta, vadfodórminta, fehér fodorminta, fodorménta, fodormenta

Mentha x piperita L.

hidegminta, kámforos minta, borsminta, bossminta, fekete fodorminta, borzosménta, borsosménta, borsosmenta, borsmenta fehír eperfa, fehér epörfa, fejéreper, fejér fájieper, faji eper, selyemeperfa, szederfa feketeeper, fekete fájieper, szeder eperfa, szederfa dohán, kapadohány, török dohány, dohány dohán, tabák, tobák, közönséges dohány

Morus alba L.

Morus nigra L.

Nicotiana rustica L.

Nicotiana tabacum L.

sedative as tea,toothache, stomach disorders, enteritis, rheuma, chest pain leaf, herb cold, cough, asthma, stomach and liver disorders, cramp and headache as tea, antiemetics, to flavour brandy, sting of bee as rubber leaf, herb cold, cough, headache, chest pain, insomnia, gastric ulcer, liver and bile problems as tea, diaphoretics and antipyretics

1979; Csedő, 1980; Halászné, 1981; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010; Bartha 2013

fruit leaf

food plant; rheuma, hepatitis, jaundice for diabetes as tea

Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Keszeg, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Boris, 2010

fruit

food plant, fodder

Borza, 1968; Csedő, 1980; Gub, 1993

leaf

rarely cultivated; against moth, lices and scabies as tea cultivated long ago; scabies of children as bath, dried and ground leaves for wound, against moth


leaf

Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Keszeg, 1981; Rab, 1982; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Kóczián et al., 1976; Szabó, 2002; Gub, 2005; Papp et al., 2013; Bartha 2013 Borza, 1968; Rácz and Füzi, 1973; Kóczián et al., 1975; Butura, 1979; Halászné, Csedő, 1980; 1981; Rab, 1982;Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Papp et al., 2013; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010; Bartha 2013

Butura, 1979; Keszeg, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010; Bartha 2013

Table 10 Plants in agriculture used in Transylvania X Scientific name Local name Part Use and

Reference

Agrica 2(1&2) 2013, 1-26

ISSN 2320-1193




18

used leaf

preparation spice, to flavour wine; smoked leaves for headache, earache and toothace; ritual plant in baptism several conand provarieties; food plant, pickle; kidney and urinary problems; in prediction for high blood pressure and diabetes as tea spice, diarrhoea, stomach disorders, carminative, antispasmodic as tea Fodder

Ocimum basilicum L.

bórzsalik, buszujok, buszijok, biszijok, biszijók, bozsijok, biszjog, buszjog, bazsaika

Phaseolus vulgaris L.

fuszujka, fuszulyka, faszulyka, fuszika, paszuj, puszujka, puszújka, fehérpaszuly

seed

Pimpinella anisum L.

ánis, ánizs

fruit

Pisum arvense L.

piculás borsóu, mezei-borsó, borsó, takarmányborsó bórsó, bórsóu, cukórborsó

seed

Prunus avium L.

cseresnye, cseresnyefa, vadcseresnye, madár-cseresznye, cseresznye

fruit provarieties; peduncle food plant diuretic as tea, bilestone and cold

Prunus cerasus L.

meggy(fa)

fruit convarieties; peduncle compote, jam, leaf syrup, brandy diarrhoea, diuretics as tea spice, in pickle of Cucumis sativus

Pisum sativum L.

Agrica 2(1&2) 2013, 1-26

legume

seed

convarieties; food plant

Borza, 1968; Csedő, 1980; Halászné, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Halász, 2010

Borza, 1968; Kóczián et al., 1976; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Keszeg, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Halász, 2010; Papp et al., 2013; Bartha 2013

Borza, 1968; Csedő, 1980; Keszeg, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010; Bartha 2013

Borza, 1968; Péntek and Szabó, 1985 Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Halász, 2010; Papp et al., 2013 Borza, 1968; Rácz and Füzi, 1973; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Keszeg, 1981; Rab, 1982; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010; Papp et al., 2013 Borza, 1968; Kóczián et al., 1976; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Halász, 2010; Bartha 2013 ISSN 2320-1193




19

Table 11 Plants in agriculture used in Transylvania XI Scientific name Local name Part Use and used preparation Prunus domestica Szilva fruit several L. varieties; compote, jam, syrup, brandy; bark laxative, carminative; brandy for lack of appetite, high blood pressure, appendicitis and toothache for diarrhoea as tea Pyrus communis körti(fa), körtöve, fruit several L. körte(fa) varieties; compote, brandy Raphanus sativus sörretek, fekete retek root stuffed with L. var. niger honey and (Mill.) J. Kern. sugar for cold, cough, tuberculosis, asthma, pertussis, kidney problems, chest pain, enteritis, dysentery, roborant Rheum palmatum Rebarbara petiole food plant, L. stem compote; after jaundice with sugar as wine Rheum Rebarbara petiole food plant rhaponticum L. Ribes nigrum L.

Agrica 2(1&2) 2013, 1-26

fekete szöllő, fekete veres-szőlő, feketeribizli, fekete ribiszke

fruit leaf

jam, syrup; for low blood pressure and anaemia, astringent, diuretics as wine high blood pressure as tea

Reference Borza, 1968; Kóczián et al., 1976; Butura, 1979; Keszeg, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Gub, 2005; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010; Bartha 2013

Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Papp et al., 2013 Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Keszeg, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010; Papp et al., 2011; Bartha 2013

Borza, 1968; Csedő, 1980; Gub, 1993; Gub, 2005

Borza, 1968; Csedő, 1980; Péntek and Szabó, 1985 Borza, 1968; Kóczián et al., 1975; Kóczián et al., 1976; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Gub, 2005; Boris, 2010; Bartha 2013; Papp et al., 2013 ISSN 2320-1193

20

Ribes rubrum L.




Ribes uva-crispa L.

aprószöllő, pirosszöllő, veresszőlő, vereszöllő, vereszőllő, piros ribiszke, piros ribizli egris, egresfa, füge, szőrösfüge, egres, köszméte

fruit

several varieties; food plant; compote, syrup, jam, wine

Borza, 1968; Kóczián et al., 1976; Butura, 1979; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993

fruit

several convarieties; food plant in soup, compote, wine, pickle

Kóczián et al., 1976; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Papp et al., 2013

Table 12 Plants in agriculture used in Transylvania XII Scientific name Local name Part Use and used preparation Rosmarinus rozmarint, rozsmarint, leaf food plant in officinalis L. ruzsmarint, herb soup, spice rozsmalint, rozmarin, heart failure, házirozsmarint, diuretics as tea rozmalint, rozsmalin, élet fü Rubus caesius L. szederin, kékbogyó, fruit food plant; szeder leaf compote, syrup, jam backache as tea

Rubus idaeus L.

mána, málnafa, Boldogasszony csipkéje, málna

fruit

Rumex acetosa L.

sósnya, soska, sóusnya, sóuska, vadsózsnya, sóska

leaf seed

Rumex rugosus Campd. Salvia officinalis L.

kerti sózsnya, jerti sósnya, kerti sóska szálvija, zsája, kerti zsázsa, zsázsa, sályafü, sálya, zája

leaf

leaf herb

herb

leaf Agrica 2(1&2) 2013, 1-26

several convarieties; compote, syrup, jam, rarely wine and brandy diaphoretic tea, wound and furuncle against numbness as bath vegetable, soup; jaundice diarrhoea as tea in veterinary medicine Vegetable cold, cough, stomach disorders, pneumonia;

Reference Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010 Borza, 1968; Rácz and Füzi, 1973; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Halászné, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Halász, 2010; Bartha 2013 Borza, 1968; Rácz and Füzi, 1973; Kóczián et al., 1976; Csedő, 1980; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010; Bartha 2013; Papp et al., 2013

Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Bartha 2013 Péntek and Szabó, 1985 Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Gub, 2005; ISSN 2320-1193

21




expectorant as tea; for toothache as rinsing, rheuma as bath inflammed gum in fresh form

Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010; Bartha 2013

Table 13 Plants in agriculture used in Transylvania XIII Scientific Local name Part Use and name used preparation Satureja csombor, csombort, herb spice; for furuncle in hortensis L. borsos szátorja, fresh form, cough, bors fü, asthma, toothache, házicsombor, inflammation of csombord kidney, stomach disorders and anaemia as tea, together with Viscum album L., Allium sativum, and brandy for high blood pressure

Secale cereale L.

ros, rozs

herb, fruit

Sinapis alba L.

kerti mustár, kerti mustár fü, mustár káposzta, fehér mustár vinetta, vineta, vinete, törökpaprika, kék paradicsom

seed

Solanum melongena L.

Solanum tuberosum L.

Agrica 2(1&2) 2013, 1-26

fruit

pityóka, pizsóka, tuber barabój, bojóka, pityirkó, fődimogyoró, fődimagyaró, krumpli, földi alma, gurgonya, kolompér

several varieties; fodder, cereals, brandy; furuncle and burn wound as foment, vermifuge for horses cultivated long ago; spice

food plant

several varieties; food plant; on sole and palm for fever, toothache, earache, for pneumonia in ground form as foment with root of Armoracia lapathifolia, furuncle, purulent and burn wound, sap

Reference Borza, 1968; Kóczián et al., 1975; Kóczián et al., 1976; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Halászné, 1981; Keszeg, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010; Bartha 2013; Papp et al., 2011; Papp et al., 2013 Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Butura, 1979; Gub, 1993; Gub, 2005; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Borza, 1968; Halász, 2010 Borza, 1968; Csedő, 1980

Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Halász, 2010; Papp et al., 2013 Borza, 1968; Kóczián et al., 1976; Halászné, 1993; Halászné, 1981; Keszeg, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Gub, 2005; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010; Bartha

ISSN 2320-1193

22




Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Spinacia oleracea L.

Cirok

herb

spenóut, paraj, spenót

leaf

for gastric ulcer, diarrhoea as tea in veterinary medicine cultivated long ago; for broom Vegetable

Table 14 Plants in agriculture used in Transylvania XIV Scientific name Local name Part Use and used preparation Trifolium pratense bojtvirág, here, herb fodder; for L. ssp. pratense, lóher, lóhere, flower cold as tea, T. p. ssp. sativum lúhere, vadlóhere, for rheuma as (Afz.) Jáv. provar. vadhere, trifój, bath intermedium Puia szelidtrifoj, török for stomach et Szabó lóhere disorders as tea Trifolium repens futó lúhere, fehír herb fodder; for L. ssp. repens A. here, fehír flower stomach et Gy., T. r. var. vadhere, trifoj, disorders and microphyllum vadlóher, vadhere, leucorrhoea Lagr. – Foss, T. r. vadlúher, vadtrifój, as tea convar. sarjúhere, hollandicum Hort, fehérboglár, réti T. r. convar. giganteum Lagr. – fejér lóhere Foss. Triticum aestivum L.

Búza

herb, fruit

Vicia faba L.

disznóbab, lóbükköny, lóbab

seed

Vicia sativa L.

sasköröm, csicseriborsó, bükköny szöszös bükköny

Vicia villosa Roth. Agrica 2(1&2) 2013, 1-26

2013; Papp et al., 2013 Péntek and Szabó, 1985 Borza, 1968; Péntek and Szabó, 1985

Reference Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Rab, 1982; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Halász, 2010; Bartha 2013

Rácz and Füzi, 1973; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Rab, 1982; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Gub, 2005; Bartha 2013

Borza, 1968; Kóczián et al., 1976; Butura, 1979; Péntek and Szabó, 1981, 1985; Gub, 1993; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010

herb

several conand provarieties; cereal, fodder, chest pain, cold, to cover roofs, in handicrafts; bran for rheuma, burn wound and dislocation of joints, arthritis as bath cultivated until the 1940s; vegetable fodder

herb

fodder

Borza, 1968; Péntek and


Péntek and Szabó, 1985

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23

var. villosa Vitis vinifera L.

szőlőü, szőülőü, szöllő, szőllő, nemes szöllö




Zea mays L.

kukurica, fejér kukorica, piros kukorica, törökbúza, tërëkbúza, töröbúza, tengeri, tenegri, tengeri málé, male

Szabó, 1985 Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Keszeg, 1981; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010; Bartha 2013

fruit leaf

several varieties; wine, with honey for jaundice for purulent wound; in meats fruit several convarieties and hybrids; stigma pap;for cold as tea, aphtous fever as flour in veterinary medicine, acne and sunspot as talcum high blood pressure, hemorrhage, cold, diuretics as tea

Borza, 1968; Butura, 1979; Csedő, 1980; Keszeg, 1981; Rab, 1982; Péntek and Szabó, 1985; Gub, 1993; Szabó, 2002; Grynaeus and Szabó, 2002; Boris, 2010; Halász, 2010; Bartha 2013

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